SCIENTIFIC PAPER

THE EFFECT OF TURMERIC (Curcuma domestica) AND PAPAYA LEAVES

(Carica papaya L.) AS FEED ADDITIVES ON YOLK COLOR AND YOLK
INDEX OF QUAIL EGGS (Cortunix-cortunix japonica)
By :
ARINDITA NIATAZYA NOVIANTI
NIM 060!"
FACULTY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
AIRLANGGA UNIVERSITY
SURABAYA
#0$
THE EFFECT OF TURMERIC (Curcuma domestica) AND PAPAYA LEAVES
(Carica papaya L.) AS FEED ADDITIVES ON YOLK COLOR AND YOLK
INDEX OF QUAIL EGGS (Cortunix-cortunix japonica)
Arindita Niatazya Novianti
1),
Rimayanti
2),
A.T. Soelih Estoepangestie
3)
1)
Student,
2)
epartment o! "eterinary Reprodu#tion,
3)
epartment o!
"eterinary $u%li# &ealth
'a#ulty o! "eterinary (edi#ine Airlangga )niversity
A*STRA+T
The purpose o! this resear#h is to prove the e,e#t o! turmeri# -Curcuma
domestica) and papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) on yol. #olor and yol. inde/ o!
0uail eggs -Coturnix-coturnix japonica). This resear#h used 21 0uails layer that
divided into !our treatment groups #onsist o! $
2
-Standard !eed), $
1
-'eed 3
turmeri# 2.45), $
2
-'eed 3 papaya leaves 2.265), $
3
-'eed 3 turmeri# 2.45 and
papaya leaves 2.265). The measurements o! yol. #olor and yol. inde/ 7ere
ta.en 7ith the yol. in the natural position 7hen the egg 7as %ro.en out. *ased
on the measurement using AN8"A test on yol. #olor and yol. inde/ o! 0uail egg,
there are signi9#ant di,eren#es in ea#h treatment group -p:2.26). Adding
turmeri# and papaya leaves into 0uail !eed signi9#antly improved the yol. #olor
and yol. inde/. The signi9#ant result o! yol. #olor and yol. inde/ o! 0uail egg
7as o%served in $3 %y using 2.45 turmeri# and 2.265 papaya leaves.
Keywords ; turmeri#, papaya leaves, 0uail egg, yol. #olor, yol. inde/
Approved to %e pu%lished
Sura%aya, August 2211
Student Approved Approved
Supervisor +o<Supervisor
Arindita Niatazya N. r.Rimayanti,drh.,(.=es r.A.T.Soelih
Estoepangestie, d rh.
N>(; 2412111?@ N>$; 1@4323121@AA232223 N>$;
1@642@161@A?212221
Approved Approved Approved
Asso#iate Be#turer > Asso#iate Be#turer >> Asso#iate
Be#turer >>>
-$ro! .r .=oesnoto S ., drh ., ( .S .) -r .(irni Bamid ,drh ., ( .$ .) -r .Nga.an (ade
R .C ., drh ., ( .S .)
N>$; 1@6226261@?@211221 N>$; 1@4221141@@2232221 N>$;
1@61232?1@?A231222
THE EFFECT OF TURMERIC (Curcuma domestica) AND PAPAYA LEAVES
(Carica papaya L.) AS FEED ADDITIVES ON YOLK COLOR AND YOLK
INDEX OF QUAIL EGGS (Cortunix-cortunix japonica)
Arindita Niatazya Novianti
1),
Rimayanti
2),
A.T. Soelih Estoepangestie
3)
1)
Student,
2)
epartment o! "eterinary Reprodu#tion,
3)
epartment o!
"eterinary $u%li# &ealth
'a#ulty o! "eterinary (edi#ine Airlangga )niversity
A*STRA+T
The purpose o! this resear#h is to prove the e,e#t o! turmeri# -Curcuma
domestica) and papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) on yol. #olor and yol. inde/ o!
0uail eggs -Coturnix-coturnix japonica). This resear#h used 21 0uails layer that
divided into !our treatment groups #onsist o! $
2
-Standard !eed), $
1
-'eed 3
turmeri# 2.45), $
2
-'eed 3 papaya leaves 2.265), $
3
-'eed 3 turmeri# 2.45 and
papaya leaves 2.265). The measurements o! yol. #olor and yol. inde/ 7ere
ta.en 7ith the yol. in the natural position 7hen the egg 7as %ro.en out. *ased
on the measurement using AN8"A test on yol. #olor and yol. inde/ o! 0uail egg,
there are signi9#ant di,eren#es in ea#h treatment group -p:2.26). Adding
turmeri# and papaya leaves into 0uail !eed signi9#antly improved the yol. #olor
and yol. inde/. The signi9#ant result o! yol. #olor and yol. inde/ o! 0uail egg
7as o%served in $3 %y using 2.45 turmeri# and 2.265 papaya leaves.
Keywords ; turmeri#, papaya leaves, 0uail egg, yol. #olor, yol. inde/
I%&'()*+&,(%
Eggs are the produ#t o! livesto#. that have an important role to over#ome the
pro%lem o! malnutrition in #ommunity. Egg #onsumption is mu#h greater than
the others %e#ause o! it easy to o%tain, relatively #heaper and a,orda%le pri#e
-Saliem et al., 2221). +omplete nutritional #ontent o! an egg are #ar%ohydrates,
!ats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals -Sitepoe, 1@@3). Duail -Coturnix-coturnix
japonica) is one o! poultry that produ#es nutritional eggs. >n >ndonesia,
produ#tion o! 0uail eggs in a year #an rea#h 262<322 grainEyear -Bistyo7ati and
Roospitasi, 1@@6).
The yol. inde/ is one o! the 0uality !a#tors o! egg measured %y the height and
diameter o! the egg yol. -Sudaryani, 2224). &augh unit, al%umen inde/ and yol.
inde/ 7ere determined %y !eed, storage time and storage #onditions ->mai et al.,
1@A4). Fol. #olor is also a .ey !a#tor in any #onsumer survey relating to egg
0uality. Fol. #olor #an %e measured %y giving a s#ore %ased on the yol. #olor !an
-*enton and *ra.e, 2222). 'a#tors that inGuen#e the #olor o! egg yol.s, 7hi#h are
!eed givenH geneti# parent, and the environment, su#h as temperature #an also
a,e#t the pro#ess o! egg !ormation in#luding the e,e#ts on egg yol. #olor -Sirait,
1@A4). The primary determinant o! yol. #olor is the /anthophyll #ontent o! the
diet #onsumed. >t is possi%le to manipulate the yol. #olor o! eggs %y the addition
o! natural /anthophylls to the !eeds -+outts and Cilson, 1@@2).
The use o! her%s in the 0uail !eed may %e one o! the alternative 7ay to
in#rease yol. inde/ in 0uail egg -$uastuti, 2221). Turmeri# po7der
supplementation #an in#rease diameter and height o! yol.s and al%umen. The
in#reased diameter and height o! yol. indi#ated an in#rease in vitellogenin
synthesis %y hepato#ytes and deposited into the ovarian !olli#les. >n#rease in
al%umen sho7ed that a#tive su%stan#es in the turmeri# po7der stimulated the
gro7th o! the epithelial #ells and tu%ular gland #ells in the magnum to synthesize
and se#rete al%umen -Saras7ati et al., 2213). >n addition to atsiri oils, other
#ontents o! turmeri# are #ur#uminoids that #an in#rease appetite, 7hi#h in turn
7ill in#rease the %ody 7eight -Ariyanto et al., 2213). Turmeri# #ontains #ur#umin
su%stan#e that gives #olor o! the #ar#ass and egg yol. -SomaatmadIa, 1@A1).
The addition o! turmeri# #an add %right yello7 or reddish #olor on the egg yol.
-Cinarto, 2223).
=imopapain and papain in papaya leaves is a proteolyti# enzyme that #an
improve digesti%ility and a%sorption o! protein. $apaya leaves #ontain many
enzyme papain 7hi#h has the a%ility to !orm ne7 proteins or #ompounds o! a
similar protein #alled plastein, 7hi#h is the result o! protein hydrolysis -&asanah,
2226). Egg yol. #ontains only a%out 625 o! 7ater, the rest is made up o!
proteins and lipids. An additional !orm o! the protein #ompounds #an in#rease the
size o! egg yol. -*ell and 'reeman, 1@?1). Bipase is an enzyme that also
#ontained at papaya leaves 7hi#h is hydrolyze !at into !atty a#id and gly#erol 7ill
in#rease the digesti%ility and that 7ill result in an e/#ellent meta%oli# energy
-=iha et al., 2212). $apaya leaves also #ontains J<#arotene is used as a sour#e o!
natural /antophyl -Sutarpa, 222A). CidIastuti -222@) resear#h sho7ed that J<
#arotene #ontent in papaya leaves #an improve 0uail egg yol. #olor.
*ased on the %a#.ground a%ove, the resear#h entitled KThe E,e#t 8! Turmeri#
-Curcuma domestica) and $apaya Beaves -Carica papaya L.) as 'eed Additives on
Fol. +olor and Fol. >nde/ 8! Duail Eggs -Cortunix-cortunix japonica)L 7as
#ondu#ted.
M-&.',-/0 -%) M.&1()0
T,2. -%) L(+-&,(% (3 R.0.-'+1
Resear#h held in usun $loso7esi, esa $losogeneng, =e#amatan Mom%ang,
=a%upaten Mom%ang. (easurement o! yol. #olor and yol. inde/ o! 0uail egg held
in "eterinary $u%li# &ealth Ba%oratory 'a#ulty o! "eterinary (edi#ine Airlangga
)niversity Sura%aya. Resear#h held in April 2211 until (ar#h 2211.
E45.',2.%&-/ A%,2-/
Resear#h animal used in this study are 21 !emale 0uails -Coturnix coturnix
japonica) 1A 7ee.s old in healthy #ondition.
R.0.-'+1 M-&.',-/0
The !eed additive su%stan#es are turmeri# -Curcuma domestica) and papaya
leaves -Carica papaya L.) in a po7der !orm. Duail !eed that used is 0uails ration
layer phase $$3 !rom $T. Cono.oyo Maya +orporindo. $ens that used in this study
7ill %e a #age that #omposed o! 1 %o/es. +age e0uipped 7ith !e#es shelter, lamp,
!ood %o/, and drin.ing 7ater. 8ther materials that used in this resear#h are
7ater, vitamin, and disin!e#tant.
R.0.-'+1 E6*,52.%&0
The e0uipment that used to mi/ the materials o! !eed #onsists o! plasti# sa#.,
ru%%er, #ontainer, and digital s#ale. The e0uipment used in this study on the
preservation period is !eed %o/, 7ater gallon, light %ul%s, thermometers, 7ire,
digital s#ales, and egg tray. E0uipment used in the analysis o! yol. #olor and yol.
inde/ o! eggs is yol. #olor !an, mi#rometer tripod, #aliper, glass ta%le, stationery,
egg s#ales, #omputer -laptop), and other e0uipment that support the resear#h
a#tivities.
A)-5&-&,(% P.',()
This resear#h used 21 0uails layer that divided into 1 groups o! treatments
#onsist o! $
2
, $
1
, $
2
, $
3
7ith ea#h 4 repli#ation. Duails adapted !or 1 7ee. 7ith the
aim that 0uail #an adapt 7ith environment and ne7 treatment. +ages #leaned
!rom dirt, 7ashed 7ith detergent and disin!e#tant.
T'.-&2.%& P.',()
21 0uails 7ere divided into 1 groups o! treatment. They 7as adapted !or 1
7ee. then given !eed treatment !or 1 7ee.s. +olle#tion o! egg 7as doing every
day. All o! the eggs that #ome out 7ill %e measured entirely.
R.0.-'+1 V-',-7/.0
Resear#hes #onsisted o! independent varia%les, dependent varia%les, and
#ontrol varia%les. >ndependent varia%les are treatments that give to 0uails. These
are $
2
-Standard !eed), $
1
-'eed 7ith turmeri# 2.45), $
2
-'eed 7ith papaya leaves
2.265), $
3
-'eed 7ith turmeri# 2.45 and papaya leaves 2.265). ependent
varia%le is yol. #olor and yol. inde/ o! egg. +ontrol varia%les are #age, !eed,
average 7eight and age.
O5.'-&,(%-/ D.8%,&,(% (3 V-',-7/.
Egg yol. inde/ is the ratio %et7een the heights and the diameter o! egg yol..
The measurements o! yol. #olor and yol. inde/ 7ere ta.en in the #ondition o! the
yol. in the natural position 7hen the egg 7as %ro.en out. The yol. inde/ 7as
determined %y measuring the 7idth o! the yol. using a #alipers and the height o!
the yol. using a mi#rometer tripod. etermine the yol. #olor %y #omparing the
#olor o! the egg yol. 7ith the egg yol. #olor !an to #on9rm 7ith the mat#h #olor.
D-&- A%-/y9.
+olle#tion data o! yol. #olor and yol. inde/ o! egg 7ere tested %y Analysis o!
"ariant -AN8"A) on levels o! signi9#an#es 65. >! there any signi9#an#e
di,eren#es that real among treatment, it #ontinued to un#an (ultiple Range
Test -=usriningrum, 222A). Analysis o! "ariant -AN8"A) and un#an (ultiple
Range Test are !a#ilities %y S$SS -Statisti#al $rogram !or Solution Servi#e) version
22 !or 7indo7s.
R.0*/& -%) D,0+*00,(%
The results o%served are yol. #olor and yol. inde/ o! 0uail egg -Coturnix-
coturnix japonica). The yol. #olor result #an %e seen on 'igure 1.1.
$
2
$
1
$
2
$
3
ay
11
ay ? ay
21
ay
2A
Figure 4.1. The result of yolk color measurement. This figure indicated that P
3
had a
significant effects result on yolk color of quail egg (p<0.0!
es#ription;
$
2
; Standard !eed
$
1
; Standard !eed 3 2.45 Turmeri#
$
2
; Standard !eed 3 2.265 $apaya Beaves
$
3
; Standard !eed 3 2.45 Turmeri# 3 2.265 $apaya Beaves
The measurement o! yol. #olor o! 0uail egg 7hi#h re#eived turmeri# and
papaya leaves po7der in !eed #an %e seen in the data on Ta%le 1.1. %elo7.
Ta%le 1.1 The mean and standard deviation measurements on yol. #olor o! 0uail
egg 7hi#h re#eived turmeri# and papaya leaves po7der in !eed
Treatment
Fol. +olor 8! Duail Egg
-N O S)
$
2 4.22
a
O 2,24
$
1 ?.2A
%
O 2,2A
$
2 ?.11
#
O 2,16
$
3 ?.6A
d
O 2,2@
es#ription;
The di,erent supers#ripts in the same #olumn indi#ate there 7ere signi9#ant
di,eren#es -p:2.26)
*ased on the measurement using AN8"A test on yol. #olor o! 0uail egg, there
are signi9#ant di,eren#es in ea#h treatment group -p:2.26). un#an test
measurement sho7s that $
2
is signi9#antly di,erent !rom $
1
, $
2
, and $
3
, then $
1
is
signi9#antly di,erent !rom $
2
and $
3
, and $
2
is signi9#antly di,erent !rom $
1
and
$
3
.
The measurement o! yol. inde/ o! 0uail egg 7hi#h re#eived turmeri# and papaya
leaves po7der in !eed #an %e seen in the data on Ta%le 1.2. %elo7.
Ta%le 1.2 The mean and standard deviation measurements on yol. inde/ o! 0uail
egg 7hi#h re#eived turmeri# and papaya leaves po7der in !eed
Treatment
Fol. >nde/ o! Duail Egg
-N O S)
$
2 2,31
a
O 2,21
$
1 2,33
%
O 2,21
$
2 2,31
#
O 2,21
$
3 2,36
#
O 2,21
es#ription;
The di,erent supers#ripts in the same #olumn indi#ate there 7ere signi9#ant
di,eren#es -p:2.26)
*ased on the measurement using AN8"A test on yol. inde/ o! 0uail egg, there
are signi9#ant di,eren#es in ea#h treatment group -p:2.26). un#an test
measurement sho7s that $
2
is signi9#antly di,erent !rom $
1
, $
2
, and $
3
, then $
1
is
signi9#antly di,erent !rom $
2
and $
3
, %ut $
2
is not signi9#antly di,erent !rom $
3
.
The e,e#t o! turmeri# and papaya leaves as !eed additives on yol. #olor and
yol. inde/ o! 0uail egg is summarized in Ta%le 1.1 and Ta%le 1.2. )sing di,erent
group treatment o! turmeri# and papaya leaves had signi9#ant e,e#ts result on
yol. #olor and yol. inde/ o! 0uail egg -p:2.26). Adding turmeri# and papaya
leaves into 0uail !eed signi9#antly improved the yol. #olor and yol. inde/. The
signi9#ant result o! yol. #olor and yol. inde/ o! 0uail egg 7as o%served in $3 %y
using 2.45 turmeri# and 2.265 papaya leaves.
The using o! turmeri# and papaya leaves #an in#rease yol. #olor o! 0uail egg
%e#ause turmeri# #ontains #ur#umin su%stan#e that gives #olor o! the #ar#ass
and egg yol., 7hereas papaya leaves #ontains J<#arotene is used as a sour#e o!
natural /antophyl that in#rease #olor o! yol. egg -SomaatmaIa, 1@A1H Sutarpa,
222A). CidIastuti -222@) resear#h sho7ed that J<#arotene #ontent in papaya
leaves #an improve 0uail egg yol. #olor. The more papaya leaves po7der given
in the ration the more pro<vitamin A #ontri%uted %y papaya leaves, so it 7ill %e
ri#h o! natural /antophyl #ontent.
Fol. inde/ 7ere determined %y !eed, storage time and storage #onditions ->mai
et al., 1@A4). Turmeri# po7der supplementation #an in#rease diameter and
height o! yol.s. The in#reased diameter and height o! yol. indi#ated an in#rease
in vitellogenin synthesis %y hepato#ytes and deposited into the ovarian !olli#les
-Saras7ati et al., 2213). Supplementing layer diets 7ith turmeri# meal improved
the environment in the uterus environment, spe#i9#ally the site o! #al#ium
deposition and #onse0uently in#reased the yol. egg -Rad7an et al., 222A).
$apaya leaves is .no7n as an appetite %ooster and al.aloid #ompound that
#ontain proteolyti# enzymes, papain, .imopapain and lysozyme, that use!ul in
the pro#ess o! digestion and simpli!y intestinal me#hanism also #ontains
/anthophyll and %eta<#arotene that #an in#rease the yol. #olor and yol. inde/ o!
eggs -=amaruddin and Salim, 2223H Sistanto, 2213).
C(%+/*0,(%
*ased on the resear#h result, it #an %e #on#luded that the e,e#t o! turmeri#
-Curcuma domestica) and papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.) signi9#antly
in#reased yol. #olor and yol. inde/ o! 0uail egg -Coturnix-coturnix japonica).
R.3.'.%+.0
Ariyanto, A.N., N. >riyanti, and (. (u!ti. 2213. $eman!aatan Tepung =unyit
-+ur#uma domesti#a "al) an Sam%iloto -Andrographis pani#ulata Nees)
alam $a.an Terhadap =onsumsi $a.an an $ertum%uhan *o%ot *adan
*roiler. Murnal >lmiah $eterna.an 1;1?1<1?A, M. 'a.ultas $eterna.an.
)niversitas Menderal Soedirman. $ur7o.erto.
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'o7l. A#ademi# $ress. Bondon Ne7 For.. 3; @2<@1.
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&eight and p& o! 'resh *roiler Eggs. $oultry S#i., ?@; 1642<164@.
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epartment o! $rimary >ndustries, Australia. $age; 346<344.
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Terhadap A.ti9tas $roteoliti. Enzim $apain. S.ripsi 'a.ultas (>$A<>nstitut
$ertanian *ogor, *ogor.
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46;1?1<1A2.
=amaruddin, (. and Salim. 2224. $engaruh $em%erian Air $erasan aun $epaya
$ada Ayam ; Respon $ato9silogi. &epar. M. Sain "et. ; 3? Q 13.
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dengan Sari aun $epaya terhadap =e#ernaan Bema. dan Energi
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$uastuti, C. 2221. $engaruh $em%erian Temula7a. -+ur#uma /anthorriza, Ro/%)
dan (inya. =elapa dalam Ransum terhadap =adar Bema. dan =olesterol
Telur. Seminar Nasional Te.nologi $eterna.an dan "eteriner. $ro#.
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antio/idant on o/idative sta%ility o! eggs and produ#tive and reprodu#tive
per!orman#e o! laying hens. >nt M $oult S#i. ?;131<162.
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=etahanan $angan Ting.at Rumah Tangga dan Regional. Baporan &asil
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*ogor.
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$eterna.an, *ogor. $age; 32<33.
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(ening.at.an =ualitas $rodu.si Terna. )nggas RS.ripsiS. 'a.ultas
$ertanian. )niversitas *eng.ulu.
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$usta.a )tama. Ma.arta. $age; A2<A3.
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$enelitian dan $engem%angan >ndustri &asil $ertanian, *ogor. $age; 11@<
122.
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Serum dan Telur Ayam. Murnal "eteriner @ -3) ; 162 < 164.
CidIastuti, T. 222@. $eman!aatan Tepung aun $epaya -+ari#a papaya B.) alam
)paya $ening.atan $rodu.si an =ualitas Telur Ayam Sentul. M. Agroland
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$age; 26<2?.