ADORATION OF THE MAGI: adoration of the wise men from the East who brought gifts to the

infant Jesus.

ALCZAR: A Spanish palace or fortress of Moorish origin.

ALLEGORY: A story, play, poem, picture, or other work in which the characters and events
represent particular qualities or ideas, related to morals, religion, or politics.

ALMOHAD: A member of a Berber Muslim movement and dynasty that conquered the Spanish and
North African empire of the Almoravids in the 12th century.

ALTAR: The table in a Christian church at which the bread and wine are consecrated in communion
services.

: ANNUNCIATION: The announcement of the Incarnation by the angel Gabriel to Mary.

APOSTLE: An important early Christian teacher or pioneering missionary.

ARABIC: relating to the literature or language of Arab people.

ARCHANGEL: An angel of high rank.

ARCHBISHOP: The chief bishop responsible for a large district.

ARCHWAY: A curved structure forming a passage or entrance.

ARROW: A weapon consisting of a thin, straight stick with a sharp point, designed to be shot from a
bow.

BAROQUE: Relating to or denoting a style of European architecture, music, and art of the 17th and 18th
centuries that followed Mannerism and is characterized by ornate detail.

BASTION: A projecting part of a fortification built at an angle to the line of a wall, so as to allow
defensive fire in several directions.

BATTLE: A sustained fight between large organized armed forces.

BLINDFOLDED: With a blindfold covering the eyes.

BLIND WINDOWS: A walled up window.

BOULEVARD: A wide street in a town or city, typically one lined with trees.

BROTHERHOOD: An association or community of people linked by a common interest, religion, or
trade.

BUILDING: A structure with a roof and walls, such as a house or factory.

BULLFIGHTING: The sport of baiting and killing a bull as a public spectacle in an outdoor arena.

BURIAL GROUND/ GRAVEYARD: Cemetery, where corpse are buried.

CARDINAL VIRTUES: Each of the chief moral attributes of scholastic philosophy: justice, prudence,
temperance, and fortitude.
TOUR IN JEREZ VOCABULARY
CATHEDRAL: The principal church of a diocese, with which the bishop is officially associated.

CENTURY: A period of one hundred years.

CHAPEL: A small building or room used for Christian worship in a school, prison, hospital, or large
private house.

CHRISTIAN/ CHRISTIANITY: Relating to or professing Christianity or its teachings.

CHURCH: A building used for public Christian worship.

CITY WALLS/ FORTRESS: A vertical structure, often made of stone or brick, that divides
or surrounds something.

CLOISTER: A covered stone passage around the four sides of a courtyard (= a square or
rectangular space) especially in a religious building such as a church or monastery.

COAT OF ARMS: The distinctive heraldic bearings or shield of a person, family, corporation, or
country.

COMBAT: Fighting between armed forces.

CONQUEST: The subjugation and assumption of control of a place or people by use of military force.

CONSPIRACY: A secret plan by a group to do something unlawful or harmful.

CORPSE :. a dead body, especially of a human being rather than an animal.

COUP- DE- ETAT: A sudden illegal, often violent, taking of government power, especially by part of
an army.

CRYPT: An underground room or vault beneath a church, used as a chapel or burial place.

DEFEAT: Win a victory over (someone) in a battle or other contest; overcome or beat.

DEFENCE TOWER/ WATCHTOWER/ ATALAYA TOWER: A tower built to create an elevated
observation point.

DEMOLISH: Pull or knock down (a building).

DICTATOR: A ruler with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained control by force.

DISABLE: (Of a disease, injury, or accident) limit (someone) in their movements, senses, or activities.

DOME: A rounded vault forming the roof of a building or structure, typically with a circular base.

DOMINICAN: A member of the Roman Catholic order of preaching friars founded by St Dominic, or of
a religious order for women founded on similar principles.

DOUBLE OR TRIPLE ELBOW ENTRANCE: Not a straight entrance.

EUCHARIST: The Christian service, ceremony, or sacrament commemorating the Last Supper, in which
bread and wine are consecrated and consumed.

EVANGELIST: (St.Matthew, St.Mark, St.Luke, St.John). a person who seeks to convert others to the
Christian faith, especially by public preaching.

FACADE: The principal front of a building, that faces on to a street or open space.

FAITH: Complete trust or confidence in someone or something.

FEAST DAY: A day on which a celebration, especially an annual Christian one, is held.

FOUNDER: Someone who establishes an organization.

FRANCISCAN: A Friar, sister, or lay member of a Christian religious order founded in 1209 by St
Francis of Assisi or based on its rule, and noted for its preachers and missionaries.

GARGOYLE: A grotesque carved human or animal face or figure projecting from the gutter of a
building, typically acting as a spout to carry water clear of a wall.

GATE: A hinged barrier used to close an opening in a wall, fence, or hedge.

GOD ALMIGHTY: Having complete power; omnipotent.

GOTHIC: Style of architecture prevalent in western Europe in the 12th-16th centuries (and revived in
the mid 18th to early 20th centuries), characterized by pointed arches, rib vaults, and flying buttresses,
together with large windows and elaborate tracery.

GOVERNOR: An official appointed to govern a town or region.

GREEK: Relating to Greece, its people, or their language.

HELMET: A hard or padded protective hat, various types of which are worn by soldiers, police officers,
motorcyclists, sports players, and others.

HERMITAGE: A place where a religious person lives on their own, apart from the rest of society.

HOLY SCRIPTURES: The sacred writings of Christianity contained in the Bible.

HORN OF PLENTY: A symbol of plenty consisting of a goats horn overflowing with flowers, fruit,
and corn.

HORSE RACING: A competition between runners, horses, vehicles, etc. to see which is the fastest in
covering a set course.

IMMACULATE CONCEPTION: The doctrine that God preserved the Virgin Mary from the taint of
original sin from the moment she was conceived.

JEW/ JEWISH PEOPLE: A member of the people and cultural community whose traditional religion is
Judaism and who trace their origins to the ancient Hebrew people of Israel.

LANCE: A long weapon with a wooden shaft and a pointed steel head, formerly used by a horseman in
charging.

MARQUIS: (The title of) a British man of high social rank, between a duke and an earl.

MASS: The celebration of the Christian Eucharist, especially in the Roman Catholic Church.

MAYOR: The head of a town, borough, or county council, elected by council members and generally
having purely ceremonial duties.

MONK: A member of a religious community of men typically living under vows of poverty, chastity,
and obedience.



MOOR/MOORISH: A member of a NW African Muslim people of mixed Berber and Arab descent. In
the 8th century they conquered the Iberian peninsula, but were finally driven out of their last stronghold in
Granada at the end of the 15th century.

MOSQUE: A Muslim place of worship . Mosques consist of an area reserved for communal prayers,
frequently in a domed building with a minaret, and with a niche (mihrab) or other structure indicating the
direction of Mecca. There may also be a platform for preaching (minbar), and an adjacent courtyard in
which water is provided for the obligatory ablutions before prayer.

MUDJAR: of or denoting a partly Gothic, partly Islamic style of architecture and art prevalent in
Spain in the 12th to 15th centuries

MUSLIM: A follower of the religion of Islam.

NATIVITY: The birth of Jesus Christ.

NEIGHBOURHOOD/ QUARTER: A district or community within a town or city.

NEOCLASSICAL: Made in a style that is based on the art and building designs of ancient
Greece and Rome.

NICHE : A shallow recess, especially one in a wall to display a statue or other ornament.

NOBILITY: The quality of belonging to the aristocracy.

OIL MILL: A factory fitted with machinery for a particular manufacturing process such as for oil.

ORDER: a stated form of liturgical service, or of administration of a rite, prescribed by ecclesiastical
authority. Ex. Franciscan and Dominican orders.

ORNAMENTATION : Decorative elements added to something to enhance its appearance.

PILGRIM: A person travelling to a place of particular personal interest.

PINNACLE: A small pointed turret built as an ornament on a roof.

PLATERESQUE: (Especially of Spanish architecture) richly ornamented in a style suggesting
silverware:delicately carved plateresque facades.

POPE: The Bishop of Rome as head of the Roman Catholic Church.

PROMENADE: A paved public walk, typically one along the seafront at a resort.

REMAINS/ REMNANTS: A part or quantity that is left after the greater part has been used, removed, or
destroyed.

RENAISSANCE: The revival of European art and literature under the influence of classical models in
the 14th-16th centuries.

RIVALRY: Competition for the same objective or for superiority in the same field.

ROMANS: Relating to ancient Rome or its empire or people.

SAVIOUR: A person who saves someone or something from danger or difficulty.

SCRIBE: A person who copies out documents, especially one employed to do this before printing was
invented.

SETTLEMENT: A place, typically one which has previously been uninhabited, where people establish a
community.

SHELTER: A place giving temporary protection from bad weather or danger.

SHEPHERD: A person who tends and rears sheep.

SILVERSMITH: A person who makes silver articles.

SQUARE: An open, typically four-sided, area surrounded by buildings in a village, town, or city.

STALL: A stand, booth, or compartment for the sale of goods in a market or large covered area.

SWORD: A weapon with a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard, used for thrusting or striking
and now typically worn as part of ceremonial dress.

SYNAGOGUE: A building in which Jews meet for religious worship or instruction.

TABERNACLE: In a Roman Catholic church, the box in which holy bread and wine are kept.

TEMPLE: A building devoted to the worship of a god or gods.

TESTAMENT: A division of the Bible.

THREAT : To be in a situation where people are threatening you with something
bad orunpleasant.

TILED SPIRE: A tapering conical or pyramidal structure on the top of a building, typically a church
tower, covered with tiles.

TOWN HALL: A building used for the administration of local government.

TRIUMPH: A great victory or achievement.

VISITATION: The visit of the Virgin Mary to Elizabeth.

WARRIOR: (Especially in former times) a brave or experienced soldier or fighter.

WEAPON: A thing designed or used for inflicting bodily harm or physical damage.

WINE CELLAR: A cellar in which wine is stored.

WORSHIP: The feeling or expression of reverence and adoration for a deity.

WROUGHT IRON WORK/ FORGED IRON: Iron that can be bent into attractive shapes and used to
make gates, furniture,etc.