Advanced Session

Welcome
italy.ni.com/labview-developer-tour
LabVIEW 2014
Whats New in LabVIEW 2014
Accurate Data Acquisition With

the Latest Technology
Extended Deployment Options

for Built-in Analysis Routines
13 Coding Productivity
Enhancing Features
Acquire, analyze, and visualize any data set to make

informed decisions fast.
Expanded Interface Development

and Deployment Options
Global Solutions to Mine

and Search Data
Innovate With a
Community


Enhancing Features



and Search Data
Innovate With a
Community
Unrivaled Integration with the Latest Technology

Standalone CompactDAQ
Software Designed Oscilliscope
System on a Module (SoM)
New Hardware Products
Performance CompactRIO
USB3 CVS
VirtualBench
.


Enhancing Features



and Search Data
Innovate With a
Community
Application-Specific LabVIEW Suites
NI LabVIEW Embedded
Control and Monitoring Suite
NI LabVIEW HIL and

Real-Time Test Suite
LabVIEW Embedded Control

and Monitoring Suite
LabVIEW Automated Test

Suite
LabVIEW HIL and Real-Time

Test Suite
Includes NI LabVIEW Real-Time

and FPGA Modules
Includes NI TestStand and

Switch Executive
Includes NI VeriStand and LabVIEW

Real-Time and FPGA Modules
The Tools You Need
Convenient USB Install
New LabVIEW Suites group

LabVIEW Professional with all the
tools you will likely need for your
application
Suites are distributed on a USB 3.0

flash drive with all the software and
drivers you need already included
Value Added to Existing LabVIEW Editions

Full Edition
Make advanced control
applications through included
PID and Fuzzy Logic palettes
Professional Edition
Trace low-level bugs,
validate coding practices,
and manipulate data
through the now included:
VI Analyzer Toolkit
Unit Test Framework Toolkit
Desktop Execution Trace Toolkit
Database Connectivity Toolkit
Report Generation Toolkit
LabVIEW Taskbar Icon
10
Users upgrade every 1-3 years
years between LabVIEW upgrades
11
Users upgrade every 1-3 years

Identical task bar icons create confusion
12
New Taskbar Icon
Easily Differentiate between LabVIEW versions

Suggested by 500+ Idea Exchange Kudos
13
New Taskbar Icon
32-bit
64-bit
14
LabVIEW 64-Bit vs 32-Bit Applications

LabVIEW 64-Bit
LabVIEW 32-Bit
You can run the LabVIEW 32-bit

Development System, Run-Time
Engine, or executables on a 64-bit PC
You cannot run the LabVIEW 64-bit

Development System, Run-Time
Engine, or executables on a 32-bit PC
Not all LabVIEW modules and toolkits All LabVIEW modules and toolkits are
are available for LabVIEW 64-bit
available for LabVIEW 32-bit
I have both LabVIEW 32-bit and

You cannot install LabVIEW 64-bit on
LabVIEW 64-bit installed on the same a 32-bit machine
64-bit machine
64-bit LabVIEW on an 64-bit OS
supports as much RAM as the OS
supports
15
64-bit for Mac and Linux Desktop OS
Windows
Mac OS X
Linux
16
Run Algorithms and Models on NI Linux Real-Time

Add-on Modules with LabVIEW Real-Time Capability
Native LabVIEW solution

No code generation or 3rd party software required
MathScript RT Module
Re-use .m scripts that you developed in
MathWorks Inc. MATLAB or GNU Octave
Control Design & Simulation Module

Move beyond PID for advanced control and
dynamic system simulation
Model your system with the included System
Identification Toolkit
MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc..
17
Vision Development Module includes Powerful IP

Proven Image Technology
Leverage over 50 FPGA image
processing functions to design high
performance vision systems and
pass images between CPU and
FPGA
CPU
Improved Usability
Prototype and generate code using
Vision Assistant to design high
performance vision systems
FPGA
Find Data Easier

Automatically search an entire
image for 1D Barcodes and perform
decoding
18
Data Scenario Antarctica Weather Data
Valuable Data Source
Challenging Data Set
60+ weather stations

30+ years of remote data
9000+ measurement files
Insight into climate change
19
Custom ASCII format

Info in file name
Null data values
Inconsistent delimiters


Enhancing Features



and Search Data
20
Innovate With a
Community


Enhancing Features



and Search Data
21
Innovate With a
Community
Growing LabVIEW Ecosystem

LabVIEW Tools Network
3,000,000 add-ons downloaded
Over 250 add-ons
User Community
Over 10,000 certified users
Over 800 alliance partners
80+ registered user groups
Connectivity
Over 10,000 instrument drivers
Any bus, any protocol, any platform
Integration with third-party languages
22
Engineering Impact Award:

Condividi le tue applicazioni
Racconta come hai realizzato i tuoi progetti di
maggior successo grazie a NI
Fai conoscere le tue applicazioni e potrai
avere visibilit sul sito e sulle newsletter NI, e
sulle riviste di settore!
Scarica il kit autori su
italy.ni.com/premio-misura-automazione
23
LabSocket by Bergmans Mechatronics

New on the LabVIEW Tools Network
Automatically creates interactive HTML5 interfaces from

LabVIEW front panels
Access on any modern mobile or desktop browser
LabVIEW
Web Browser
Download evaluation at ni.com/labviewtools/labsocket

24
Spreadsheet Toolkits
New on the LabVIEW Tools Network
Spreadsheet Express
XLR8
by Aledyne Engineering
by DATA AHEAD
Automate advanced Excel data

processing and charting
Read and write .xls files without

the need for Excel
Download evaluation at:
Download evaluation at:
ni.com/labviewtools/spreadsheetexpress
ni.com/labviewtools/xlr8
25
Phone, Email, Forum Support From Applications Engineers

Save Time Troubleshooting
Exclusive Training day and Tutoring online

Increase Proficiency at Your Pace
Future Software Updates and Upgrades

Always Leverage the Latest Technologies
Download Older Versions of Software

Ensure Quick Access to Existing Software
LabVIEW World Magazine

Free annual subscription
The NI Software Maintenance Programs (Standard Service Program, Software

Contract, Volume License Agreement) lower the total cost of ownership and get
you on the path to success faster.
26
Software Service Renewal Policy

Purchase
Renewal
nth Year
Today
Ontime
Inactive > 60 days
20% of software price
Inactive < 60 days

Auto-Renewal
o
o
Get auto-invoiced for renewals

Price-freezing
Multi-Year
o
o
(Software Contract Formula)
Discount
Get a discount for service contract spanning multiple years

Eliminate potential of future budget issues
27
Advanced Programming with

NI-DAQmx
Agenda
Anatomy of DAQ Device

NI DAQmx driver
Transfer data: From I/O to LabVIEW
Triggering
Counter
Syncronization
29
Anatomy of a DAQ Device
Bus/CPU
Contains all circuitry necessary

for completing a DAQ task
Sensors
Clock and timing circuitry

On-board FIFOs
Signal routing
Triggering, Buffers, etc.
30
Actuators
Bus/CPU
Contains all circuitry necessary

for completing a DAQ task
Sensors
Clock and timing circuitry

On-board FIFOs
Signal routing
Triggering, Buffers, etc.
31
Actuators

Analog
Input
0010110
Analog Output
1010010
Digital
1101011
Counter
Bus/CPU
32
Actuators
Sensors
Data Transfer bus can be USB, PCI,

PCI Express, PXI, PXI Express
DAQ Circuitry: System Timing Controller
NI-STC - ASIC
Bus
Master
DMA
IRQ
Engines
Input/
Output
Lines
Input /
Output
Timing
Engines
Triggers
Counters
RTSI /
PFI
Routing
Bus
Interface
Measurements Modules
33
Bridging the Hardware and Software Gap with NI-DAQmx

NI-DAQmx is a single, free hardware driver that supports
various development languages and hundreds of NI data
acquisition hardware platforms.
The mark LabWindows is used under a license from Microsoft Corporation.

Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries.
34
DAQmx Function Architecture
DLLs common to all ADEs

Results in similar API for all ADEs
35
Overview of NI-DAQmx VIs Primary Functions
Configure
Channel
Configure
Timing
DAQmx Main Functions
Specific Property Node
Configure
Start
Triggering Acquisition
36
Read
Data
Clear
Task
Data Transfer for Buffered Operation

Input Rate
Onboard FIFO Bus Interface
ADE (Application)
Memory
PC Buffer
RAM
LabVIEW
INPUT OPERATION
OUTPUT OPERATION
RAM
Onboard FIFO
Output Rate
PC
Buffer
ASIC
37
ADE (Application)
Memory
How does NI-DAQmx determine PC buffer size?
Rate sets rate of acquisition (sampling rate)
NI-DAQmx automatically determines PC buffer size based on rate
Sample Rate
Buffer
Size
No rate specified
10 kS
0-100 S/s
1 kS
100-10,000 S/s
10 kS
10,0001,000,000
S/s
100 kS
> 1,000,000 S/s
1 MS
You can also manually set the buffer size

using the DAQmx Configure Input Buffer VI
38
Possible Errors of Data Transfer: Bottleneck!!!

Input Rate
Onboard FIFO Bus Interface
PC Buffer
RAM
ADE (Application)
Memory
LabVIEW
Error -200361 Onboard memory overflow

FIFO will be overwritten:
Decrease the Samples per Channel per Second rate
Purchase a device with a larger FIFO
Error -200279 Overwrite error
Purchase a faster computer with a faster bus
39
Each action needs a cause or

stimulus.
Triggering
Stimulus is here!
Nothing happens
Action
Start of Action
Action caused by Triggering
Produces an action based on a stimulus
Ex: generate a waveform after receiving a digital pulse
NI-DAQmx supports several different trigger action types:

Start
Begin acquisition
Begin generation
Reference
Acquisition starts with
software
Circular buffer is used
until reference trigger is
received
Returns pre- and posttrigger samples
41
Pause
Pause when a trigger is
low
Resume when a trigger
is high
Action caused by Triggering
Produces an action based on a stimulus
Ex: generate a waveform after receiving a digital pulse
NI-DAQmx supports several different trigger action types:

Start
Begin acquisition
Begin generation
Reference
Acquisition starts with
software
Circular buffer is used
until reference trigger is
received
Returns pre- and posttrigger samples
42
Pause
Pause when a trigger is
low
Resume when a trigger
is high
Trigger Actions Reference Triggering
Acquisition starts as soon as software is started

Data in the buffer keeps getting overwritten (first
in first out) until the reference trigger is received
Typically only for finite input operations
Start acquire
Pre-trigger
data
Post-trigger
data
43
Reference
Trigger
Counters....
What can I do with?
Edge counting
Single pulse and pulse train generation
Pulse, semi-period, and period width measurement
Frequency measurement
Position and velocity measurement
Gate
A. What is a Counter?
To count based on the comparison of input signals (gate, source)

To generate pulses based upon inputs and register values
Parts of a Counter
Out
Two basic functions
Source
Count
Reg
Count Register
Source
Gate
Out
Terminology
Terminal Count
Resolution
Timebase
Maximum Rise/Fall Time = 50 ns
+5.0 V
+2.0 V
+0.8 V
0V
high
TTL
indeterminate
low
Minimum Pulse Width = 10 ns
Counter gate and source are PFI pins!!!!

DAQmx enables you to route them if assigned PFI are already in use!
45
Edge Counting Non Buffered

Simple Edge Counting
Gate
Your Signal
Sourc
Count Register
e
Source
46
Out

Time Edge Counting
Gate
Timebase
Sourc
Count Register
e
Source
Out
Time elapsed = (count) x (timebase period)
47

Gate Edge Counting
Gate
Timebase
Sourc
Count Register
e
Source
48
Out
Edge Counting Continuous Buffered
Device latches the number of edges counted onto each active edge
of the sample clock and stores the number in the buffer
Clock can be an external signal or Timebase
49
Edge Counting Continuous Buffered
Device latches the number of edges counted onto each active edge
of the sample clock and stores the number in the buffer
Clock can be an external signal or Timebase
50
Pulse Measurement
(Period, Semi, Pulse Width)
Gate
Signal
Out
Source
Single or Continuous
Count Register
Timebase
Source
Period
Semi Period
Pulse Period
Armed
Gate
Semi
Armed
Pulse Width
Semi
Width
Armed
Source
Source
Gate
Gate
Source
2
51
Pulse Measurement
(Period, Semi, Pulse Width)
Gate
Signal
Out
Source
Count Register
Timebase
Source
Pulse Width
Width
Armed
Gate
Armed
Armed
Source
Source
Gate
Gate
Source
2
52
Pulse Generation
Gate
Out
Single Pulse
Count Register
Source
Timebase
Pulse Period
Pulse Frequency
Initial
Delay
High
Time
Finite Pulse Train

Continuous Pulse
Low
Time
Duty Cycle
53
= High Time + Low Time

=
1
Pulse Period
High Time
Pulse Period
Pulse Generation
Gate
Out
Single Pulse
Count Register
Timebase
DAQmx Create Virtual Channel
Source
54
Finite Pulse Train

Continuous Pulse
Measurement : Quadrature Encoder

Light
Sensor
Shaft
Light
Source
Code Track
Channel A
Channel B
Rotating Disk
55
Frequency Measurement
Does perform Period measurement and take the inverse???? Not always
precise!!
Low Frequency with 1Counter

Gate
Source
Signal
Count Register
Timebase
Source
Good when (f < timebase / 100)
Can see large error at high
frequencies due to phenomenon
called quantization error
56
Out
High Frequency with 2 Counters
CTR 0: Pulse Train Generation
CTR 1: Period Measurement
Gate
Out
CTR 0
CTR 1
Source
Internal timebase
Source
Signal being measured
Good when f ~ timebase

Edge Counting during a
know period of Time
created as multiple of the
timebase period.
57
Large Range with 2 Counters
CTR 0: Pulse Train Generation
CTR 1: Period Measurement

Gate
Out
CTR 0
CTR 1
Source
Signal being measured
Source
Internal timebase
Good for large range frequencies

Divide the unknown signal down
to a slower frequency
Perform period measurement on
that slower frequency
58
Synchronization
Time-Based Synchronization
Signal-Based
Share Physical Clocks / Triggers

Time-Based
Generate Signals
Share Time
61
Generate Signals
Requirements for Synchronization

1.
Simultaneous Start - Triggers
2.
Software-Timed Start
Hardware-Timed Start
Not drifting
Sharing Master Timebase

Sharing Master Sample Clock
62
Sharing Singnals between Devices
RTSI
o
PXI Backplane Clocks

PXI_Trig
o
Similar to RTSI, uses PXI backplane
PXI Star Trigger

o
7 Lines. External Cable
Direct Connection to from Slot 2 controller
Chassis PFI Lines, Chassis Sync Modules
63
Export Signals to Terminals - Routing
64
Export Signals to Terminals - Routing
65
Simultaneous Start
Software Timed Start

Sample Clock 1
Significant
Variability and
Time Delay Due
to OS
Sample Clock 2
Hardware Timed Start

Master Device
Sharing Triggers
66
Timing Engine
Slave Device
Timing Engine
Methods to Synchronize Multiple Devices

Sharing Sample Clock
o
Sample Clock derived from master timebase or externally sourced

Master Device
ADC
Output
Delay
Routing
Delay
Sample Clock
Source
Slave Device
Input
Delay
ADC
No Drift
Triggering not usually required
Skew resulting from clock routing delays
Devices must be running at same rate
Convert Clocks not Synchronized (MUXed boards)
67
Methods to Synchronize Multiple Devices

1.
Timebase* + Trigger
Sharing a Master Timebase
Prevents phase discrepancies

Allows for different rates derived from the timebase
Sharing a Start Trigger
Verifies that tasks start synchronously
Master Device
Output
Delay
ADC
Routing
Delay
Timebase
Slave Device
Input
Delay
*Also known as a Reference Clock

68
ADC
Coffee Break
69
Moving from LabVIEW Desktop

to RT and FPGA programming
Changing from the LabVIEW/DAQ Mindset
71
The LabVIEW RIO Architecture
Analog Input
Processor
FPGA
Analog Output
Digital I/O
Custom I/O
72
DAQ vs Intelligent Instruments

MIO DAQ
SW Designed Instruments
I/O Programming
Fixed ASIC for timing and

triggering
Open FPGA for timing and

triggering
Analog I/O
Multiplexed, shared sample

clock
Simultaneous or independent
operation
Digital I/O
Up to 32 lines,
Correlated DIO
Up to 160 lines,
hardware timed
Onboard Counters
4 purpose counters
Custom counters on any digital

line
High Speed Control
Jitter, Software Timed
RT OS and
FPGA Determinism
Digital Communiction
Protocols
Open FPGA for digital timing

and protocol simulation
DAQmx for DIO
73
1 - Using the LabVIEW Project
Development PC
CompactRIO
Testbench: simulate
FPGA logic
Analyze FPGA
Data
Acquire I/O
74
2 - LabVIEW FPGA I/O Nodes
Directly connected to I/O pins

Use I/O Nodes to acquire and generate data
Data rates are defined by the Analog and Digital modules
With DAQmx, you get multiple samples per loop iteration
With LabVIEW FPGA, the FPGA acquires one data value
per loop iteration.
75
2 - LabVIEW FPGA I/O Nodes
Digital Line Writes/reads Boolean

value to/from digital line
Digital Port (grouping of digital lines)
Writes/reads unsigned
integer value to/from digital port
Analog I/O Writes/reads data to/from
an analog channel
R Series Integer values

CompactRIO Fixed-point values
Other
Motion
CAN
76
3 - Fixed-Point Math
Floating Point: 0.5*0.5=0.25
Fixed Point: 1.1 (2^0 + 2^-1)
sign=+ | integer =1 | fraction = 1]
Rational
Number
Fixed-Point
Equivalent
Bits represented
1.5
0001.1000
8 total bits, 4 integer bits
1.5
00000001.10000000
16 total bits, 8 integer bits
77
4 - Understanding Clocks
A While Loop will execute at the rate specified in the

Loop Timer function, either in ticks, ms, or s.
A Timed Loop on FPGA runs at 40MHz by default, based on the Onboard Clock
78
4 - Understanding Clocks
The enable chain includes

registers between each node
that store values and execute at
the rising edge of the clock
A Timed Loop on FPGA is called a

Single Cycle Timed Loop (SCTL)
Removes registers
Uses less resources
Code executes in 1 clock cycle
Not all functions are supported*
79
5 - Transferring Data to the Processor
The Read/Write Controls method is recommended for

communicating current value data
Acquire I/O
Analyze
FPGA Data
80
5 - Transferring Data to the Processor
Direct Memory Access (DMA) FIFOs are an efficient mechanism for

streaming data from the FPGA to RTOS
Does not involve processor resources
FPGA hardware targets have between 3-16 dedicated DMA
channels
81
6 - Test and Compile

LabVIEW FPGA
Code
Translation
VHDL
Generation
Compile VHDL through Xilinx
Synthesis
Optimization
Logic
Reduction
Place&Route
Timing
Verification
82
FPGA Logic
Implementation
Bit Stream
Generation
Download &
Run
Desktop Execution Node

Demonstration
Enables users to create test benches for
FPGA VIs
Debugging and verification can be
performed without making any changes to
the FPGA VI
Testbench: simulate
FPGA logic
Desktop
File I/O or
Simulated Signal
FPGA VI Results
83
What is Real-Time?
Real-time does not always mean really fast

Real-time means absolute reliability
Real-time systems have timing constraints that
must be met to avoid failure
Determinism is the ability to complete a task
within a fixed amount of time
84
7 - Working with Constrained Resources
EFFECT
Disk Space
Lost Data
RAM
CPU Bandwidth
Crash
Starvation
85
FPGA Gates
Compile
Failure
8 - Implementing High Priority Tasks

Critical Loop(s)
Auxiliary Loop(s)
Inter-loop
Communication
Deterministic Operations
Non-Deterministic Operations
PID control
Motion control
Shutdown logic
FPGA data transfer
File I/O
Network communication
Dynamic memory
allocation
Non-deterministic library
or driver calls
86
9 - LabVIEW RT Watchdog
Reboots system if the watchdog process is starved

This could occur if:
CPU usage hits 100%

Software is hanging because it ran out of memory
87
10 - A Different Model for Development,

Debugging, and Deployment
Web Thin-Client
Component Display
Mobile
Networked Connection
Embedded Device
Touch Panel Computer
Embedded UI
88
LabVIEW 2014 Real-Time with Embedded UI

Simplify system complexity by implementing a local HMI on CompactRIO
89
Additional Resources
NI LabVIEW for CompactRIO Developers Guide
ni.com/compactriodevguide
High Performance RIO Developers Guide:
ni.com/hprioguide
91
LabVIEW Embedded Training Courses
92
Next events
SSP Training day
Torino 1 Aprile
Milano 13 Aprile
Padova 16 Aprile
Roma 21 Aprile
NI Days 2015
Milano 12 Marzo
93
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Welcome

Accurate Data Acquisition With

Extended Deployment Options

Acquire, analyze, and visualize any data set to make

Expanded Interface Development

Global Solutions to Mine

Accurate Data Acquisition With

Extended Deployment Options

Acquire, analyze, and visualize any data set to make

Expanded Interface Development

Global Solutions to Mine

Unrivaled Integration with the Latest Technology

New Hardware Products

Accurate Data Acquisition With

Extended Deployment Options

Acquire, analyze, and visualize any data set to make

Expanded Interface Development

Global Solutions to Mine

Application-Specific LabVIEW Suites

NI LabVIEW HIL and

LabVIEW Embedded Control

LabVIEW Automated Test

LabVIEW HIL and Real-Time

Includes NI LabVIEW Real-Time

Includes NI TestStand and

Includes NI VeriStand and LabVIEW

The Tools You Need

Convenient USB Install

New LabVIEW Suites group

Suites are distributed on a USB 3.0

Value Added to Existing LabVIEW Editions

LabVIEW Taskbar Icon

LabVIEW Taskbar Icon

Users upgrade every 1-3 years

years between LabVIEW upgrades

LabVIEW Taskbar Icon

Users upgrade every 1-3 years

New Taskbar Icon

Easily Differentiate between LabVIEW versions

New Taskbar Icon

LabVIEW 64-Bit vs 32-Bit Applications

You can run the LabVIEW 32-bit

You cannot run the LabVIEW 64-bit

I have both LabVIEW 32-bit and

64-bit for Mac and Linux Desktop OS

Run Algorithms and Models on NI Linux Real-Time

Native LabVIEW solution

Control Design & Simulation Module

Vision Development Module includes Powerful IP

Find Data Easier

Data Scenario Antarctica Weather Data

Valuable Data Source

Challenging Data Set

60+ weather stations

Custom ASCII format

Accurate Data Acquisition With

Extended Deployment Options

Acquire, analyze, and visualize any data set to make

Expanded Interface Development

Global Solutions to Mine

Accurate Data Acquisition With

Extended Deployment Options

Acquire, analyze, and visualize any data set to make

Expanded Interface Development