A SEMINAR ON MENTAL HEALTH NURSING

TOPIC : HISTORY COLLECTION, PHYSICAL AND NEUROLOGICAL

5
EXAMINATION & PSYCHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT
SUBMITTED BY, SUBMITTED TO,
Ms. Rekha V Mane Mrs. Sheela Uenn!ra
"
s#
$r MS% S#&!en# Hea! '( Dear#)en#
Dear#)en# '( Ps$%h*a#r$ Ps$%h*a#r$ N&rs*n+
SCON, P&ne SCON, P&ne

SUBMITTED ON :,-
#h
A&+. .-"/
INTRODUCTION
Psychiatric history taki! is "i##$r$t #ro% oth$r %$"ica& "isci'&i$s to o(tai
i#or%atio a(o)t th$ 'ati$ts 'ro(&$%*
Ph$s*%al an! s$%h'l'+*%al
The*r l*(e l'n+ e0er*en%es
In#eres#s an! h'11*es
Pr'1le)s
In#erers'nal an! *n#raers'nal !*((*%&l#*es
2'1 s#resses an! #he*r )*s%ellane'&s r'1le)s.
10
15
20
25
30
OB2ECTIVES
General O13e%#*4es
T' !es%r*1e a#*en#5s %'n!*#*'n, (a)*l$ !e4el')en# an! (a%#'r a((e%#*n+
h*s 'r her 1eha4*'r.
T' (*n! '&# re!*s's*n+ %a&se an! r*)ar$ %a&se ('r h*s 'r her 1eha4*'r.
T' )ake n&rs*n+ !*a+n's*s
T' lan n&rs*n+ *n#er4en#*'ns.
T' kn'6 a1'&# #he %'&rse an! r'+n's*s '( *llness.
T' kn'6 #he 1eha4*'r an! %an rea! #he )*n! '( !*((eren# +r'&s.
Se%*(*% O13e%#*4es
35
40
45
50
55
A# #he en! '( #he sess*'n, s#&!en# 6*ll 1e a1le #'
D' Ps$%h*a#r*% N&rs*n+ H*s#'r$ C'lle%#*'n
Men#al S#a#&s E0a)*na#*'n 7MSE8
Ne&r'l'+*%al E0a)*na#*'n
Ps$%h')e#r*% Assess)en#
En&)era#e h'6 #' re4eal e)'#*'nal ase%#s
HISTORY TA9ING
SETTING O: ENVIRONMENT
Seara#e r''), 6here reea#e! *n#err&#*'n sh'&l! n'# #ake la%e.
N' '4erhear '( %'n4ersa#*'n
S*##*n+ arran+e)en# %'&l! 1e ar'&n! a #a1le
I# *s 1e##er #' )ake #he a#*en# s*# a# #he r*+h# han! s*!e '( #he #a1le
The #a1le sh'&l! n'# ha4e l''se '13e%#s #ha# %'&l! 1e &se! 1$ #he a#*en#s
as )*ss*les
I( an$ re%'r!*n+ !e4*%e *s &se! #he a#*en# sh'&l! 1e *n('r)e!
60
65
70
75
80
TYPES O: PATIENTS
The a#*en# 6h' has s'&+h# %'ns&l#a#*'n 1$ h*)sel(
The a#*en# 6h' *s 1r'&+h# 1$ h*s (a)*l$ )e)1ers a+a*ns# h*s 6*sh
The a#*en#s 6h' are re(erre! 1$ '#her a+en%*es l*ke #he 'l*%e, e)l'$er
'r 1$ #he !'%#'r.
OB2ECTIVES O: HISTORY TA9ING
T' !es%r*1e a#*en#5s %'n!*#*'n, (a)*l$ !e4el')en# an! (a%#'r a((e%#*n+
h*s 'r her 1eha4*'r.
T' (*n! '&# re!*s's*n+ %a&se an! r*)ar$ %a&se ('r h*s 'r her 1eha4*'r.
T' )ake n&rs*n+ !*a+n's*s
T' lan n&rs*n+ *n#er4en#*'ns.
T' kn'6 a1'&# #he %'&rse an! r'+n's*s '( *llness.
HISTORY COLLECTION
". DEMOGRAPHIC DATA:
o Na%$
o A!$
o S$+
o Marita& Stat)s
85
90
95
100
105
o R$&i!io
o Occ)'atio
o Socio,$coo%ic stat)s
o A""r$ss
o Dat$ o# a"%issio
.. IN:ORMANT
o I#or%atio -R$&$.at or ot/ a"$0)at$ or ot
,. CHIE: COMPLAINTS
o 'r$s$ti! co%'&aits -&ist 1ith ")ratio/
/. PRESENT PSYCHIATRIC HISTORY
o Accor"i! to 'ati$t2
o Accor"i! to R$&ati.$2
;. PAST HISTORY:
Ps$%h*a#r*%
o N)%($r o# $'iso"$ 1ith os$t a" co)rs$
o Co%'&$t$ or ico%'&$t$ r$%issio
o D)ratio o# $ach $'iso"$
o Tr$at%$t "$tai&s a" its si"$ $##$cts i# ay
o Tr$at%$t o)tco%$s
o D$tai&s i# ay 'r$ci'itati! #actors i# 'r$s$t
Me!*%al < S&r+*%al< O1s#e#r*%al
=. :AMILY HISTORY:
110
115
120
125
130
135
>. PERSONAL HISTORY:
Pre?na#al h*s#'r$
o Mat$ra& i#$ctios
o E+'os)r$ to ra"iatio $tc*
o Ch$ck )'s
o Ay co%'&icatios
Na#al h*s#'r$
o Ty'$ o# "$&i.$ry
o Ay co%'&icatios
o 3r$ath a" cri$" at (irth
o N$oata& i#$ctios
o Mi&$ sto$s2 Nor%a& or "$&ay$"
Beha4*'r !&r*n+ %h*l!h''!
o E+c$ssi.$ t$%'$r tatr)%s
o 4$$"i! ha(it
o N$)rotic sy%'to%s
o Pica
o Ha(it "isor"$rs
o E+cr$tory "isor"$rs $tc*
Illness !&r*n+ %h*l!h''!
o Look s'$ci#ica&&y #or CNS i#$ctios
o E'i&$'sy
o N$)rotic "isor"$rs
o Ma&)tritio
S%h''l*n+
o A!$ o# !oi! to Schoo&
140
145
150
155
160
o P$r#or%ac$ i th$ Schoo&
o R$&atioshi' 1ith '$$rs
o R$&atioshi' 1ith t$ach$rs
-S'$ci#ica&&y &ook #or &$ari! "isa(i&ity a" att$tio "$#icit/
o Look #or co")ct "isor"$rs E*!* Tr)acy,
o St$a&i!
O%%&a#*'nal h*s#'r$
o A!$ o# 5oii! 5o(
o R$&atioshi' 1ith s)'$riors, s)(or"iat$s & co&&$a!)$s
o Ay cha!$s i th$ 5o( 6 i# ay !i.$ "$tai&s
o R$asos #or cha!i! 5o(s
o 4r$0)$t a(s$t$$is%
Se0&al h*s#'r$
o A!$ o# attaii! ')($rty -#$%a&$,%$str)a& cyc&$s ar$ r$!)&ar/
o So)rc$ a" $+t$t o# ko1&$"!$ a(o)t s$+, ay $+'os)r$s
Mar*#al s#a#&s2 1ith !$o!ra%*
@. PRE MORBID PERSONALITY:
7* Attit)"$ to oth$rs i socia&, #a%i&y a" s$+)a& r$&atioshi'2
8* Attit)"$s to s$&#2
9* Mora& a" r$&i!io)s attit)"$s a" sta"ar"s2
:* Moo"
;* L$is)r$ acti.iti$s a" ho((i$s2
<* 4atasy &i#$2
=* R$actio 'att$r to str$ss2
>* Ha(its2
A. SUMMARY AND CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
165
170
175
180
185
190
Men#al S#a#&s E0a)*na#*'n
DE:INITION
A %$ta& stat)s $+a%iatio -MSE/ is a ass$ss%$t o# a'ati$t?s &$.$& o# co!iti.$
-ko1&$"!$,r$&at$"/ a(i&ity,
a''$arac$, $%otioa& %oo", a" s'$$ch a" tho)!ht 'att$rs at
th$ ti%$ o# $.a&)atio* It is o$ 'art o# a #)&& $)ro&o!ic -$r.o)ssyst$%/ $+a%iatio
a" ic&)"$s th$ $+a%i$r?s o(s$r.atiosa(o)t th$ 'ati$t?s attit)"$ a" coo'$rati.$
$ss as 1$&& as th$'ati$t?s as1$rs to s'$ci#ic 0)$stios*
PURPOSE
Th$ ')r'os$ o# a %$ta& stat)s $+a%iatio is to ass$ss th$
'r$s$c$ a" $+t$t o# a '$rso?s %$ta& i%'air%$t* Th$ co!iti.$ #)ctios that
ar$ %$as)r$" ")ri! th$ MSE ic&)"$ th$ '$rso?s s$s$ o# ti%$, '&ac$, a"
'$rsoa& i"$tity@ %$%ory@ s'$$ch@
!$$ra& it$&&$ct)a& &$.$&@ %ath$%atica& a(i&ity@ isi!ht or 5)"!%$t@ a"
r$asoi! or 'ro(&$%,so&.i! a(i&ity*
PRECAUTIONS
Th$ MSE caot ($ !i.$ to a 'ati$t 1ho caot 'ay att$tio to th$
$+a%i$r, #or $+a%'&$ as a r$s)&t o# ($i! i a %')a or
)coscio)s@ or is co%'&$t$&y )a(&$ to s'$ak -a'hasic/@ or is ot
#&)$t i th$ &a!)a!$ o# th$ $+a%i$r*
195
200
205
210
215
220
Men#al S#a#&s E0a)*na#*'n
". IDENTI:YING DATA:
o Na%$2
o A!$2
o S$+2
o Dat$2
o Ti%$2
.. GENERAL APPEARANCE AND BEHAVIOR 7GAAB8:
o 4acia& $+'r$ssio
o Post)r$
o Ma$ris%s
o Ey$ to $y$ cotact
o Ra''ort
o Coscio)s$ss
o 3$ha.ior
o Dr$ssi! a" !roo%i!
o Physica& #$at)r$s
,. PSYCHOMOTOR ACTIVITY:
225
230
235
240
245
-Icr$as$"A"$cr$as$"A Co%')&si.$A $cho'ra+iaA St$r$oty'yA $!ati.is%A A)to%atic
o($"i$c$/
/. TAL9 B SPEECH:
o Coh$r$c$,coh$r$tA icoh$r$t
o R$&$.ac$
o Bo&)%$
o To$
o Ma$r
o R$actio ti%$
;. THOUGHT:
o At #or%atio &$.$&
o At cot$t &$.$&
o At 'ro!r$ssio &$.$&
=. MOOD 7SUB2ECTIVE8 AND A::ECT 7OB2ECTIVE8:
o A''ro'riat$A ia''ro'riat$ -R$&$.ac$ to sit)atio a" tho)!ht co!r)$t*
o P&$as)ra(&$ a##$ct, E)'horia A E&atio A E+a&tatioA Ecstasy
o U'&$as)ra(&$ a##$ct, Gri$#A %o)ri! A "$'r$ssio*
o Oth$r a##$cts, A+i$ty A #$ar A 'aicA #r$$ #&oati! a+i$tyA a'athyA a!!r$ssioA
%oo"s s1i!A $%otioa& &ia(i&ity
>. PERCEPTION:
o I&&)sio
o Ha&&)ciatios
o Oth$rs, hy'o&o!icA hy'o'o%(icA &i&&i')tiaA ki$sth$ticA %acro'siaA
%icro'sia
@. MEMORY:
o I%%$"iat$
o R$c$t
250
255
260
265
270
275
o R$%ot$
A . ATTENTION AND CONCENTRATION
"-. ORIENTATION:
o Ti%$
o P&ac$
o P$rso
"". INSIGHT B 2UDGMENT:
o Socia& C)"!%$t
o 4a%i&y 5)"!%$t
o 4iacia& 5)"!%$t
o E%'&oy%$t 5)"!%$t
".. INTELLIGENCE B GENERAL IN:ORMATION:
",. SPECIAL POINTS:
o S&$$'
i/ Iso%ia
ii/ Hy'$rso%ia
iii/ No,or!aic s&$$'
i./ EMA
o E'iso"ic "ist)r(ac$s
o 3o1$& & (&a""$r
o A''$tit$
o Li(i"o
"/. SUMMARY
280
285
290
295
300
PHYSICAL AND NEUROLOGICAL ECAMINATION
General E0a)*na#*'n
He*+h#
De*+h#
V*#al S*+ns : T$%'$rat)r$ 2 P)&s$ 2 R$s'iratio 2 3P
Hea! : Sca&' 2
4ac$2
305
310
315
320
325
330
335
Si)s2
No"$s2
E$es : Oc)&ar Mo.$%$t 2
P)'i&s2
Sc&$ra2
Cor$a2
Ears : E+t$ra& str)ct)r$s 2
H$ari!2
N'se 2 E+t$ra& str)ct)r$s
S$'t)%
M)co)s M$%(ra$
Pat$cy
O&#actory S$s$
M'&#h : 3)cca& M)cosa
G)%s
T$$th
Pa&at$s a" U.)&a
Tosi&&ar ar$a
Boic$ (r$ath
Ne%k : M)sc&$s 2
Trachea:
Thyroid
Nodes
Vein distension
Thorax : Chest shape
Respiratory Rate
Type of Respiration
Thoracic Expansion
Palpation
Percussion
Breath sounds
Cardiovascular System
Precordium: Inspection
Palpation
Auscultation
Apical rate and Rhythm
340
345
350
355
360
365
370
Central and Peripheral Vessels
Carotid Arteries
Peripheral Pulse: Brachial
Radial
Femoral
Poplitial
orsal Pedal
Post Ti!ial
Capilliary Re"ll
Abdomen : Inspection
Auscultation
Percussion
Palpation
Musculoskeletal System :
#ait:
$pper Extremities
%o&er extremities
'uscle stren(th
)oints
Ran(e of 'otion
*pine
Nervous System:
'ental *tatus:
%an(ua(e:
+rientation:
'emory Attention *pan:
%e,el of consciousness:
375
380
385
390
395
400

Cranial Nerves
I*O&#actory N$r.$
S$sory ,ask 'ati$t i# ca s%$&& a .ia& o# co##$$
II*O'tic N$r.$
S$sory, t$st .isio, ask 'ati$t to r$a" S$&&$ chart
III* Oc)&o%otor N$r.$
Motor, ask 'ati$t to #o&&o1 '$ &i!ht i si+ "ir$ctios
#ro% c$t$r o)t1ar"* Ass$ss ')'i& r$actio to &i!ht
1ith '$ &i!ht
IB* Troch&$ar N$r.$
Motor, %o.$s $y$(a&& "o1 a" &at$ra&&y, ask 'ati$t to
#o&&o1 %o.$%$t o# '$ &i!ht i si+ "ir$ctios*
B- Tri!$%ia& N$r.$
3oth s$sory a" %otor, s$satio o# cor$a, asa&
%)cosa a" ski o# #ac$* Us$ cotto (a&& to &i!ht&y to)ch
405
410
415
420
"i##$r$t '&ac$s o #ac$ 1h$ 'ati$t $y$s ar$ c&os$"* Ask
'ati$t to i"$ti#y &ocatio o# to)ch* Us$ a&t$rati! $"s o#
sa#$ty 'i to t$st (&)t a" shar' s$satio* Us$ cor$r o#
#o)r (y #o)r to &i!ht&y to)ch cor$a, 'ati$t sho)&" (&ik* Ask
'ati$t to c&$ch t$$th*
BI* A(")c$s N$r.$
Motor, &at$ra& $y$(a&& %o.$%$t, ass$ss "ir$ctios o# !aD$*
BII-4acia& N$r.$
3oth %otor a" s$sory, ask 'ati$t to s%i&$, rais$ $y$(ro1s,
#ro1, ')## o)t ch$$ks, c&os$ $y$s ti!ht&y* Ask 't to i"$ti#y
.ario)s tasts o to!)$, s)ch as s)!ar, sa&t, &$%o 5)ic$,
0)ii$*
BIII* Aco)stic N$r.$
S$sory, Ro%($r! t$st #or (a&ac$, $0)i&i(ri)%, t)i! #ork,
1his'$r to t$st h$ari!
IX *G&osso'hary!$a& N$r.$
3oth %otor a" s$sory, ask 't to %o.$ to!)$ #ro% si"$ to
si"$ a" )' a" "o1, ask 'ati$t to s1a&&o1*
X* Ba!)s N$r.$
3oth %otor a" s$sory, s$satio o# 'hary+ a" &ary+,
s1a&&o1i!, .oca& cor" %o.$%$t* Sa%$ t$sts as
!&osso'hary!$a&, '&)s ass$ss .oic$ #or hoars$$ssE
XI * Acc$ssory N$r.$
Motor,h$a" %o.$%$t, shr)!!i! o# sho)&"$rs* Ask 'ati$t
to %o.$ h$a" #ro% si"$ to si"$, to)ch chi to ch$st, $ar to
sho)&"$rs or shr)! sho)&"$rs*
XII * Hy'o!&ossa& N$r.$
Motor, ask 'ati$t to stick o)t to!)$, %o.$ it si"$ to si"$
Ps$%h')e#r*% Assess)en#
425
430
435
440
445
450
455
460
465
WHAT ARE PSYCHOMETRIC TESTS? THESE ARE 4ORMAL, STRUCTURED EXERCISES DESIGNED 3Y
PSYCHOLOGISTS TO MEASURE PSYCHOLOGICAL FUALITIES SUCH AS REASONING A3ILITY AND
PERSONALITY 4ACTORS* THEY ARE CARE4ULLY RESEARCHED AND TESTED TO ENSURE THAT THEY ARE
4AIR, RELIA3LE AND BALID* THEY ARE ADMINISTERED AND SCORED IN A STANDARDISED GAY,
ALLOGING YOUR RESULTS TO 3E COMPARED GITH PEOPLE GHO HABE TAHEN THE TESTS 3E4ORE*
COMPARISON GROUPS USED GILL O4TEN 3E OTHER UNIBERSITY STUDENTS OR RECENT GRADUATES*
THE MOST COMMON TYPES O4 PSYCHOMETRIC ASSESSMENT USED IN CO3
SELECTION ARE IAPTITUDEJ -OR IA3ILITYJ/ TESTS AND IPERSONALITY
ASSESSMENTJ*
APTITUDE OR ABILITY TESTS
THESE ARE DESIGNED TO TEST YOUR LOGICAL REASONING OR THINHING* THERE
ARE A BARIETY O4 TESTS 3UT THE MOST COMMONLY USED ARE2
IBER3AL REASONINGJ6 ASSESSING YOUR A3ILITY TO REASON GITH GRITTEN
IN4ORMATION*
INUMERICAL REASONINGJ 6 ASSESSING YOUR A3ILITY TO REASON GITH NUM3ERS,
CHARTS AND GRAPHS*
IDIAGRAMMATICJ OR ISPATIAL REASONINGJ 6 ASSESSING YOUR A3ILITY TO
REASON GITH A3STRACT 4IGURES AND TO THINH LOGICALLY* APTITUDE TESTS ARE
ADMINISTERED UNDER EXAMINATION CONDITIONS AND ARE STRICTLY TIMED* YOU
ARE NORMALLY ASHED TO SELECT THE CORRECT ANSGER 4ROM A RANGE O4
ALTERNATIBES* DO NOT GORRY I4 YOU CANNOT COMPLETE ALL THE FUESTIONS IN
THE TIME ALLOGED -4EG PEOPLE DO SO/* GHAT COUNTS IS THE NUM3ER O4
FUESTIONS YOU GET RIGHT, SO GORH AS FUICHLY AND ACCURATELY AS YOU CAN*
470
475
480
485
YOUR SCORE IS COMPARED GITH A INORM GROUPJ SUCH AS STUDENTSAGRADUATES
GHO HABE TAHEN THE TEST 3E4ORE* THIS ALLOGS SELECTORS TO ASSESS YOUR
REASONING SHILLS IN RELATION TO OTHERS AND TO MAHE CUDGEMENT S A3OUT
YOUR A3ILITY TO COPE GITH TASHS INBOLBED IN THE CO3 APPLIED 4OR*
Pro5$cti.$ T$sts
Rorschach ik (&ot t$st
Th$%atic a''$rc$'tio t$st -TAT/
S$t$c$ co%'&$tio t$st
P$r#or%ac$ t$sts - acc)racy, s'$$", '$rs$.$rac$ %a)a& "$+t$rity ar$ so%$ o#
th$ '$rsoa&ity charact$ristics #or 1hich '$r#or%ac$ t$sts ha.$ ($$
"$si!$" /
Sit)atioa& t$sts
It$r.i$1s
1. R'rs%ha%h Ink Bl'# Tes#:
490
495
500
505

Th$ r$s'os$ "i##$r #ro% '$rso to '$rso (as$" o th$ i"i.i")a&s '$rsoa&
$+'$ri$c$s*
Rorschach r$s'os$s ca r$.$a& th$ #o&&o1i! i#or%atio
D$!r$$ o# it$&&$ct)a& cotro& o# th$ s)(5$ct o his actios
E%otioa& as'$cts
M$ta& a''roach to !i.$ 'ro(&$%
Cr$ati.$ a" i%a!iati.$ ca'aciti$s
S$c)rity a" a+i$ty
P$rsoa&ity !ro1th a" "$.$&o'%$t
..The)a#*% Aer%e#*'n Tes#
510
515
TAT cosists o# s$ts o# 'ict)r$s, o$ s$t is )s$" 1ith (oth %$ a" 1o%$, a" a
s$co" s$t o&y #or %$, a" a thir" s$t o&y #or 1o%$* Th$ 'ict)r$s ar$
sho1 i a "$#iit$ s$0)$c$ a" th$ s)(5$ct is ask$" to %ak$ )' a story (as$"
o 1hat h$ s$$s i th$s$ 'ict)r$s* It is ($&i$.$" that h$ 1o)&" 'ro5$ct his o1
$+'$ri$c$, (io!ra'hica& "ata, %a5or co#&icts, it$r$sts a" 'ro(&$%s ito his
"$scri'tio o# 'ict)r$s* 4i"i!s o# TAT ar$ co%'ar$" 1ith cas$ history* TAT is
%or$ str)ct)r$" )&ik$ th$ ik (&ot t$st 1hich ho1$.$r is %or$ 'o')&ar* TAT
thro1s &i!ht i th$ #o&&o1i! ar$as o# &i#$*
a. 4a%i&y r$&atioshi's
b. Moti.atio o# th$ s)(5$ct
c. I$r #atasi$s
d. L$.$& o# as'iratio
e. Socia& r$&atioshi's
f. E%otioa& co#&icts
g. Attit)"$ to 1ork
h. O)t&ook to1ar"s #)t)r$
i. 4r)stratios i# ay
,.Sen#en%e C')le#*'n Tes#
Gh$ th$ s)(5$ct is ask$" to co%'&$t$ th$ s$t$c$ 1itho)t !i.i! ti%$ to
"$&i($rat$ o it, it is ass)%$" that his )coscio)s 'roc$ss 1i&& "ir$ct his
r$s'os$* Th$ t$st 1i&& !i.$ a isi!ht to his "$sir$s, ho'$s co#&icts,
#r)stratios, #$ar a" aoyac$s,
$!** I #$$& ha''y 1h$KKK**
I t$&& &i$s o&y 1h$KKK
520
525
530
535
540
R$s$arch $.i"$c$
Mental State Examination in Attention Defcit Hyperactivity Disorder
Subjects: Psychology, Philosophy. Psychology. Religion, Psychology, Social Sciences,
Psychology, Philosophy. Psychology. Religion, Psychology, Social Sciences, Psychology,
Philosophy. Psychology. Religion, Psychology, Philosophy. Psychology. Religion
Authors: Prabhat Sitholey
Publisher: Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health
Date of publication: 2005July
Published in: Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Vol 1, Iss
3, Pp 1(2005)
ISSN(s): 0973-1342
Keywords: Mental State Examination, Attention Defcit Hyperactivity Disorder
Date added to DOAJ: 2006-02-16
Full text:http://www.jiacam.org/0103/Jiacam05_3_2.pdf
Journal Language(s): English
Country of publication: India
Abstract:(collapse)
With hyperactivity as a symptom, mental status examination (MSE) in attention defcit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may seem a straightforward thing and the diagnosis obvious,
but this may not be so and the diagnosis may easily be missed if the child is not hyperactive or
else is not so in a clinical assessment situation. In attention and impulsivity, the other two core
symptoms, may not be very easy to pick up as an MSE fnding in an interview situation.
Besides, co-morbidities like mental retardation (MR), anxiety disorder and oppositional defant
disorder (ODD)may mask ADHD unless mental age of the child is taken into account and
special eforts are made to make a judgment on inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity.
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Therefore, special attempts should be made to create clinical situations in which these
symptoms of ADHD emerge and the clinician should be prepared to recognize them.
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#' #he res&l#.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
A T$+t 3ook o# M$ta& H$a&th N)rsi!, Mary C To1s$"
Pa!$ o* 7<<,7<L
A T$+t 3ook O# M$ta& H$a&th A" Psychiatric N)rsi!,
R Sr$$.ai, 'a!$ o* ::
Psycho&o!y #or Gra")at$ N)rs$s, Caco( Athika", Cay'$$
')(&icatios
666.6*k*e!*a.%')
A short T$+t 3ook o# Psychiatry, Nira5 Ah)5a
666.!'a3.'r+.%')
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