Chicago

/
Turabian Citation Styh Guide
This work is based on Turabian, Kate L.1996. A Manual
for
Writers, 6th Ed. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago
Press.
If you cannot find a specific citation style, be sure to use the appropriate format from either the
Turabian manual or the full Chicago Manual af Style (both of which can be found in the libraryJ.
Ifthere are still questions, please reach out to the reference librarians at the reference desk in the
library, your teaching assistant, or your professor.
chicago/Turabian versus MIlt: why we use Chicago
/
Turabian style
While most students at AU learn the MLA format in their college writing courses, this format is
rarely used in international relations and political science. MLA is not preferred because its
parentheticallin-text
notes lack a date of publication, which matters in history and international
relations. Historical context is very important for international relations
Please utilize footnotes as the citation style within your paper and NOT the parenthetical
/
in-text
citation styles. Footnotes allow for fluid reading rather than being interrupted by the parenthetical
citation, If you are not sure about how to insert a footnote in Word, please ask your teaching
assistant and/or professor
fbut
not the night before it's due).
Below are some of the most common formats, which you will need to deal with when writing
papers. This is by no means comprehensive and not meant to replace a guide like Turabian.
o
If you lack any piece of information in the note, simply skip that information and proceed
with the rest of the format as necessary being as thorough as possible.
o
For example, some articles do not list authors so your note would start with the article title.
If the article can be attributed to an organization, such as Amnesty International, rather
than any individual, then cite the organization as the author.
r
How to format sequential footnote citations:
o 1.t footnote citation + full footnote citation style
o In sequence + Ibid, page number.
fpage
number may be omitted, if sameJ.
o With intervening citations ) Author Last Name, page number, (lf you are using
multiple works by the same author, include the book
/
paper
/
article title
shortened to 3-5 words.
All references on the Works Cited page must be in alphabetical order based on last names.
o All reference entries have a hanging indentation: the first line is flush left and the
following lines are indented by
1/z
inch. You will see examples of this below.
Use 1Z-point Times New Roman, double spaced
Title Page must have the following:
o Name of the Course
o Professor's Name
o Course Number and Section Number
o Name
o Submission Date
o
Page numbers must be formatted accordingly.
Figure 1 6.1.
for notes and bibtiography
entries
i
i
&
The following templates show which elements
should be included and their order
when citing ,.rr.r"1 .o-rnoll'
qyp;t.tf
:o"tttj :T ""*t, P^T^d^Iilt::;::i::"f].
H:;;:::ilil;;;;;;;, *t"li'"'ion
of titles' and
rypographv
ofthe elements'
;::1. .;;i;;; .i."*, .uur.ui",iln'
to' their spelled-out
versions) and other terms
:':il.ffi::i:
;;il;;;-i"-"
.ii",i.".
.{x,t".,d.
in for page numbers actuallv
"tJ:'#;;;;;ii;;;"
oip"g'
""-b'rs
for an article or a chapter'
For further .""-ptt',"iplanations'
and variations' see chapter 17' For tem-
plates of shortened note forms, see frgure 16'2'
1. Singte Author or Editor
N: Note Number.
Authort First and Last Names' Titk of Booh:-Subtitle
of Booh
'-'
(pt"...f
p,rblication: Pubiishers
Name' Date of Publication)'
)O(-)O(
1. Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs' and Steet: The Fates of Human Sociefles lNerv
York: W. W. Norton and Cornpany'
1997)'
/'7-L8'
B: Authort Last Name, Author's First Name' Title of Book: Subtitle of Boob' Place of
-'
-^p"tfi."ri"n:
Publishert
Name' Date of Publication'
Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs' and Steel: The Fates of Human Societtes
New York:
W. W. Norton and ComPanY'
1997'
For a book with an editor instead of an author' adapt the pattern as folLows:
N: Note Number.
Editor's First and Last Names'
"l:'#'
Titk of Boob
' ' '
7. Mark A NolL, ed ,
Retigion and A'merican
Palitics ' '
B; Editor's Last Name, Editort First Name' Y!j$
Tith of Booh
' ' '
NoLL, Mark A, ed Religion and American
Politics ' '
2. MuttiPte Authors
For a book with two authors,
use the fottowing
pattern:
N: Note Number' Author #1's First and Last Names $!Hii
Author #2 s First
'and
Last
''
N";;r, itle of Booh' S)lntt' of Boob
(Place of Publication:
Publisher's Name'
Date of Publication),
&)O('
2. Kai Bird and Martin J sherwin'
American Prametheus:
The Triumph and Trag-
edy of J. Robert Appenhelmer iNew
York: Alfred A Knopf' 20051' 52
B: Author
#l's Last Name' Aurhor
#1s Firsr Name' "r"i"
lu'1lo'
#2's First an-d Last
- '^Ni;;;.
ntt,
"7
aoot i iutritb of Book.
place
of Publication:
Publisher's Name,
Date of Publication'
Bird, Kal, and Martin J sherwin Amertcan
Prometheus:
The Triumph and Tragedy
af J. Robert Oppenheimer'
New York: Alfred A Knopf' 2005'
Forabookwiththreeauthors'adaptthepatternasfoLlows:
N: Note Number. Author
#1's First and Last Names' Author #2's First and Last
Names,
r.3$,li Author #3's First and Last Names' Title of Book
' ' '
5. JoYce APPlebY,
LYnn Hunt' and
HistorY . . .
Margaret
Jacob, Ielling the Truth about
Fiqure 1 6.1 . Temptates for notes and bibtiography enlries [continuedJ
B: Author #1's Last Name, Author #1's First Name, Author #2t
Names, ffifii
Author #3t First and Last Names. Title of Boob . . .
First and La.:
Appl.eby, Joyce, Lynn Hunt, and Marqaret Jacob. Telting the Truth about History . .
For a book with four or more authors, adapt the note pattern onty as follows:
N: Note Number. Author #lt First and Last Names ffi14' Title of Book . . .
15. Jacquetyn Dowd Ha[[ et aL., Llke a Fami[y
'.
3. Author[sl Ptus Editor or Translator
For a book with an author ptus an editor, use the fotlowing pattern:
N: Note Number. Author's First and Last Names, Title of Booh: Subtitle of Book,
ffi#
Editork First and Last Names (Place of Pubiication: Publishert Name, Date
of Publication), XX-)O(
9. J. B. Hartey, The New Nature of Maps: Essays in the History of Cartography, ed
PauI Laxton {BaLtimore' Johns Hopkins University Press,2002J, 132-33.
B: Authort Last Name, Authort Fitst Name. Title of Booh: Subtitle of Book. ffii";.ti.,
lffi Edito.', First and Last Names. Place of Publication: Publishert Name, Date
ofPublication.
Hartey,J. B. fheNewNatureof Maps:EssaysintheHistoryof Cartography. Edited by
PauL Laxton. Battimore: Johns Hopkins University Press,2002'
lf a book has a transtator instead of an editor, substitute the words trans. and Irans-
tated by and the translator's name for the editor data.
/+. Edition Number
N: Note Number. Authort First and Last Names, Title of Book: Subthle of Book,
Edition Number S$ Olace of Publication: Publishert Name, Date of Publica-
tion), )OG)O(
11. Roger Danie[s, Coming to America: A History of lmmigration and Ethnicity in
American Life,2nd ed. {New York: Harper PerenniaL, 20021, 84.
B: Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. Title of Booh: Subtitle of Booh' Edition
Number lffiEi Place of Publication: Publisher's Name , Date of Publication.
Daniets, Roger. coming to America: A History of lmmigration and Ethnicity in Ameri-
can Life.2nd ed. New York: Harper PerenniaL, 2002.
5. Singte Chapter in an Edited Book
N: Note Number. Chapter Author's First and Last Names,
"Title of Chapter: Sub-
title of Chapter," iffi. fltt, of Book: Subtitle of Booh, #ji Editor's First and La-st
Names
(Place of Publication: Publisher's Name, Date of Publication), )OG)fi'
15. Anne Whiston Spirn,
"Constructing
Nature: The Legacy of Frederick Law 0Lm-
sted," in l.lncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human PLace in Nature, ed. Wittiam
Cronon {NewYork: W. W. Norton and Company, 19961, 101
16.1 . Ten':,:::s
"rm
:n
Chapier -l'rtf
iri
--"is
ter: Sutrl. -r
JtaEl
Firsr ari ;;,r: I kms
Publicaei:
Spirn.:^-:
y't'-
-:-:r
stec
-
--::r-nDrir
Wii. a- l-:-:-
:
-"
6. JournaI Arltl:::
-
3*rnr
N: Note \-.::::,;: .r",Linrr
ticle. ,;.-.Y
"--
,' dnld'
/+. ?
B: Author's l;'; lrlr:re ,
Tir* t"f
-t:x*;--"':wt
Na,va'
:-1-::
"
'Mri
11a' - -_: - irl
For an ar :-- r,:-
in tempia:: i
7. Journal Ari r1; lnune
N: Nore \-::.:*: 'r,un
ticle. -
:;-r :- i l;.nnfr'
_
___:
-
Locat0:-
-
--- --:g
4. lZ'=
I \a-la-
^-:^-.--
1-^- --ze
utje .:-
0:^'::
-:-'::
-TL
Author''
Tt;,.t .-
-;-i;
I'uLme
-'l
v;1,
-rtru
h'lc;:-,:-: : a- +l
c'g-:s: i-::
'-rne"
'.
,". - --:: fr
-^------
ir- I -l
i=--::::-
B:
for notes and entties lcontinued)
B: Chapter Author's Last Name, Chapter Author's First Name. "Title of Chap-
ter: Subtitle of Chapter." lffi Title of Booh: Subtitle of Boob,
ffig$ffiLffi Editort
First and Last Names, YY-YY. Place of Publicarion: Publisher's Name, Date of
Publication.
Spirn, Anne Whiston.
"Constructing
Nature: The Legacy of Frederick Law 0tm-
sted-" ln Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human PLace in Nature, edited by
Wil.tiam Cronon, 91-113. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1995.
6. JournaI Article in Print
N: Note Number. Authort First and Last Names, "Title of Article: Subtitle of Ar-
ticle," Title ofJournalYol,tme Number (Date of Publication): )O(-)O(
4. Pramod K. Nayar,
"Marvelous
Excesses: Engtish Travel Writing and lndia,
1680-1727," Journal of British Studies 44, no. 2 [April 2005):213.
Br Authort Last Name, Authort First Name. "Title of Article: Subtitle of Article."
Title ofJournalVoiume Number (Date of Publication): YY-YY.
Nayar, Pramod K.
"Marvetous
Excesses: Engtish TraveI Writing and lndia, 1680-
1727." Journal of British Studies 44, no. 2 [ApriL 2005]: 2'13-38.
For an articte with multipte authors, foLLow the retevant pattern for authors'names
in template 2.
7. JournaI Articte 0n[ine
N: Note Number. Authort First and Last Names, "Title
of Article: Subtitle of Ar-
icle," Title ofJournalYol'tme Number (Date of Publication),
#ffi
"Descriptive
Locator," URL ($trffiffiffii Date ofAccess).
4. DanieI A. McFarland,
"Resistance
as a Social Drama: A Study of Change-
oriented Encounters," American Journal of SocioLogy 109, no.6 {May 2004},
under
"Settings,"
http://www.journa[s.uchicago.edu/AJS/journal/issues/v109n6/
0501 99l0501 99.html {accessed May 3, 2006}.
B: Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of Article: Subtitle of Article."
Title ofJournalVolume Number (Date of Publication). URL (ffitrSffij Date of
Access).
McFarland,0anieI A.
"Resistance
as a SociaI Drama: A Study of Change-
oriented Encounters." A merican Journal of Sociology 1 09, no. 6 {May 200/,1. http://
www.journaLs.uchicago.edu/AJS/journa[/issues/v109n6/050199/050199.html.
laccessed May 3, 2006).
fIf,fr nmr
-iilllti
:i.l,trJildE
trqlpi
L&m;,,C ;-- :t1[t{.
i \r-:.
.-"n:
;3ruq
XY$
s \-;:-- i,;::
3J-r l1
-3;;"
o;:e t; Bcni.
=
cf P:-rblica-
-:
i:-- : i.,,
-
3g,ro. Edidon
t*:-_
-b;prer: Sub-
:,:sr and last
. ]\-)o(
-:<-:r;0lm-
:: ,'r'rLiiam
CHAPTER 17 BIBLIOGRAPHY STYLE: SPECIFIC TYPES 0F S0URCES
BOOKS
BaLL, PhitiP.
c' :' ::
-'
Giroux'
2i -
Breen,
l tr
=
!ndePer'c=- -:
' z
Etizabeth
I i:.'=:-::
KOSP L -::- -
MULTIPLE
Atv- -::: -:r
I :!ul[!fii
names
ln stil--- -
*
of more.
If
-&-:" ii: iltlulr
j
followed
br r:-;"
t'T *
abbreviation
:-: ;r';:"'ntdfi
I
-
-__ -
l,atrn wora -. -
N: Z.Kat 3
-:
='
OlJ KUUtr --"'
3. Jov:::::
INew
Yo:-i'
"'
B. .Jac: -:
-
World lC^::=
-
.1:'- | ;
-:
-:
- itten
-:
: -i,:
. *4
1- lr' l
In a bibl-;"-i:l:ir
g$m
followed
t'-n- ;. ::r'n;;
'l
Include
al"
'-=:r:
fii' in
B: Bird,
h-: 2- -
--'
J, Rc:'- - --::"":
-.l'"
'tr
APP[eb.v,
"-'''
-
-'-L]ri'
YoT^
,'
Hatl,Ja::-:'
-
l:
':
;)'n'
-
.,b
Chai: - --
i":r'i :
EDITOR
C:
-:1"i---l;
*
tor or a trii:;-;::r:
-lfll
described
:b,:r,:
.["]ld
:
If there
is :
--:::'i;n:tr
':
I _ _._ -
-.-. :f
aS On tne
(1";
--4-
In notet' -:-r::
:]s
. . .
'.
-:
i
it means
-u'-* -
tfanslator
! --L ':
This chapter pfovides detailed information on the form of notes and
bibliography ent;ies for a wide range ofsources. It is organized by type oi
sourcJ. Ii begins with the mosr common-books and journal articles-
and rhen adJresses other published, unpublished, and recorded soufces.
The sections on books
(17.1) and journal articles
(17.2) discuss variations
in such elemenrs as aurhors' names, titles, and uRLs in greater depth
than sections on less common sources.
Online and other electronic soufces that are analogous to print sources
(online journal articles, for example) are included under the felevant tyPe
of source. other online sources, considered
"informally published"
(see
1,5.4.1), are discussed in 17.7.
Mosr sections include guidelines and examples for both full notes
(identified with an N) and bibliography entries
(B). In some cases, the
examples show the same work cited in both forms to illustrate the simi-
larities and differences berween them; in other cases, they show different
works ro illustrate variations in elements even within a specific type of
soufce.
To cite a rype of source that is nor covered in this chapter, consult
chapter 17 of the chicago Manual of st1,le,15th edition
(2003) You may
alro cr."t. your own style, adapted from the principles and examples
given here. Most instructors, departments, and univefsities accept such
"dapt"tions,
as long as you use them consistently'
Books
Books refect a wider range of elements than most other tyPes of pub-
lished sources. Many of the variations in elements discussed in this sec-
tion are also relevant to other types ofsources'
17.1.1 -Author's
Name
Give each aurhor's name exactly as it appears on the title page. If the name
includes more rhan one initial, use spaces between them
(see 24.2.0.
In notes, list authors' names in standard order
(first name first):
N:
',1
. Phitip Balt., Bright Earth: Art and the lnvention of color iNew York: Farrar, straus
and Giroux, 2001 l, 1 40
6. T. H" Breen, The Marketp[ace of Revolution: How Consumer PoLittcs Shaped Ameri'
can lndependence
(New York: Oxford University Press' 2004)' 48
B. Elizabeth l, collectecl Works, ed. Leah s. Marcus, JaneL Mueller, and Mary Beth
Rose {Chicago: University of Chicago Press,2000}, i02-4
In bibliogral:r"
:m:m
rliL
first),
excePt
lc: r::::* mm'"
"SpecialT\'Pes
i' )''m'x*i'
it
i.l :'l: iil
.'hr
."t ": 1" !
163
BOOKS
In bibliography entries, list authors' names in inverted order (last name
first), e"cepi fo. ,o-. non-English names and other cases explained in
"special Types of Names" below
(p. 166)'
B: BaLL, PhiLip. Bright Earth: Art and the lnvention of color New York: Farrar, Straus and
Giroux, 20C1.
Breen, T. H. The MarketpLace of Revolution: How consumer Politics shaped Amertcan
lndependence. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004'
ELizabeth L Coltected works. Edited by Leah s. Marcus, Janel Muetler, and Mary Beth
Rose. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000'
MULTtpLE AUTH0RS. In a note, for a book with more than one author, list all
names in standard order. Use a comma before the andin a series of three
or mofe. If there are four of more authors, list only the first authof's name
followed by et al.
(with no intervening comma). Put a period after al. (an
abbreviation for alii,
"others") but not after et (not an abbreviation; the
Latin word for
"and").
N: 2. Kai Bird and Martin J. Sherwin, American Prometheua: The Triumph and Tragedy
of J. Robert Appenheimer {New
York: Atfred A Knopf, 2005}' 52
3. Joyce Appteby, Lynn Hunt, and Margaret Jacob, Telling the Truth about History
{NewYork,
W. W. Norton & Company, 19941, 135-36
8'JacquetynDowdHattetal.,LikeaFamtly:TheMakingofaSouthernCottonMiLl
World lChapeL HiLL: University of North CaroIina Press, 1987]' 114-15
In a bibliography entry, list the first author's name in inverted order,
followed by a comma, and list the rest of the authors in standard order.
Include all authors, no matter how many; do not :ose et al'
B: Bird, Kai, and Martin J. sherwin- American Prometheus: The Tnumph and Tragedy of
.J. Robert 1ppenheimer' NewYork: Alfred A Knopf, 2005'
Appteby, Joyce, Lynn Hunt, and Margaret Jacob. Telling the Truth about History New
York: W. W. Norton & ComPanY, 1994'
Hati,JacquetynDowd,JamesLe|oudis,RobertKorstad,MaryMurphy'LuAnnJones.
and christopher B, Daty. Like a Family: The Making of a southern cotton Mill worLd
ChapeL HiLL: University of North CaroUna Press, 1987
EDTTOR 0R TRANSLATOR tN ADDtloN To AN AUTHOR. If a title page lists an edi-
tor or a translator in addition to an author, treat the author's name as
described above. Add the editor or translator's name after the book's title.
If there is a translator as well as an editof, list the names in the same order
as on the title page of the original.
In notes, insert the abbreviation ed.
(nevet eds., since in this context
it means
"edited by" rather than "editor") ot ffans. before the editor's or
translator's name.
N: 6. Yves Bonneioy,
New and Selecfed Poems' ed .lohn Naughton
and Anthony Ru-
clol.f iChicago:
University
of Chicago Press' 19951' 35'
7. Rigoberta
Mench0'
Crossing
Borders'
trans and ed Ann Wright lNew
York:
Verso,'19991,50-51 ,,
^^--^^^^^A^^".
te28^
10. Theodor
W Adorno and Walter Benjamin'
The Camplete
Correspondence"
''-
1?40, ed Henri Lonitz'
irans Nichotas
WaLker iCambridge'
MA: Harvard
University
Press, 1999), 212'
In bibliography
entries'
insert the phrase
Edited' by ot Translated
bybe-
fore the editor's
or translator's
name'
B: Bonnefoy,
Yves New and Se[ected Poems Edited by
-lohn
Naughton
and Anthony
Ru-
dotf Chicago;
Universlty
of Chicago Press' 1995
Menchil,
Rigoberta
Crossing Borders
TransLated
and edited by Ann Wrighi New York:
Verso, 1 999'
Adorno,
Theodor
w., and waLter Benjamin.
The comprete
correspondence,
lg2B-1?44
EcliiedbyHenriLonitz.Trans[atedbyNicholasWaLker.CambridEe,MA:Harvard
UniversitY
Press' 1 999'
.when
a title page identifies
an ediror or rransraror
with a compli-
cated description,
suh as "Edited with an Introduction
and Notes by" or
"Translated
with a Foreword
by"' you can simplify
this phrase to edited by
or ffanslated'
by and'follow
the above examplts'
L' gtnttal',if
a foreword
or an introduction
is written
by someone
otht' th"t' the author' you need
not mention
that person
"t'lt"
yo* cite that part specificaily
ft,tt
17'1'8)'
For cases in whici
the author's
name aPPeam
itt tht book's title and the
editor's
name appears
on the title page instead'
see
'Additional Authorial
Situations"
below
(P' 165)'
EDIToRoRTRANSLAT0RINPLACE0FANAUTH0R\(henaneditororatransla-
torislistedonabook,stitlepageinsteadofanauthor'usethatperson,s
name in the author's
slot' Treat it as you would
an author's
name
(see
above),
but add tit
"UU""i"tion
ed'
(plt""l' eds') or nans'
(sing'tlat or
.,lural)followingthename'Iftherearemultipleeditorsortranslators,fol-
ffiil.
ffi#ti;
"Multiple Authors"
(see above' p' 163)'
N: 3. Theodore
Silverstein'
trans
'
Sir Gawain and the Green Knighr tChicago:
Univer-
sitY o{ Chicago
Press' 1974}' 34'
4Timoihy
EFulop
and Albe:-t JRaboteau'
eds''African-Amertcan
Religton:
Inter-
pretive Essays in Histo'ry
and Cu{ture {New
York: Routledge'
19971'
I'12-1L'
CHAPTER
1 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY
STYLE: SPECIFIC
TYPES 0F sOURCES
Sir Gawain and the Green Knlght Chicago:
University
of
DI :
$i
$
!i
ii
ill
j|;
iljj
+
$
iT
il;
i.
;i
ii.
B: Si[verstein,
Theodore'
trans
Chicaqo
Press' 197 L'
Fu[op, TimothY E , and Albert J'
EssaYs
in l4istorY and Culture
Raboteau,
eds. African-Amerrcan
Reltgion:
lnterpretive
New Yor-k: Routledge'
'l997'
r and Anthcn! RJ-
r{right lNerv Yb-<.
qondence, 192'd-
Harvard Universi:1
kcnslated bybe-
r and Anthony Ru-
l{righi. New York:
rfunce, 1928-1?40.
*lge, MA: Harvard
with a compli-
nd Notes by" or
rnlse ro edlted by
d, if a foreword
urrhor, you need
allv (see 17.1.8).
L's title and the
rional Authorial
rer or a transla-
ne that persont
furt name (see
rns. (singular
or
'translators,
fol-
}).
'lChicago: Univer-
aa Retigion: lnter-
l2-1t1.
:ago: University of
tligion: lnterpretive
BOOKS
165
ADDIT|oNAL AUTHoR|AL SITUATIONS. Following are some additional ways au-
thors might be identified in your sources. If you encounter situations not
covered f,.r.,
"d"pt
the pattern that seems most closely related.
t Author's name in title. Anauthort name may appear in the title or subtitle
of a book such as an aurobiography.
In a note, omit the author's name and
begin with the title. In a bibiiography entry, however, include the author's
,r"lr., d..pite the repetition. Although many such works also have edi-
rors, do not list the works under the editor's name excePt in special cases
(for example, in a study of works edited by that individual)'
N: 12' Memoirs of General W. T. Sherman, ed' Chartes Royster INew York: Library of
America, 1990],836.
15. illumination and Night Giare: The unfinished Autobiography of carson McCullers'
ed. Carlos L. Dews IMadison,
University of Wisconsin Press' 1999)' 54'
B: Sherman, W.7. Memoirs of Generat W' T'
York: LibrarY of America, 1990'
Sherman. Edited by Chartes Royster. New
McCulfers, Carson. tltumination and Night
Carson McCullers. Edited by Cartos L'
Press, 1 999.
t Organization as aathor. Ifa publication issued by an organization, associa-
tion, commission,
or corporation has no personal author's name on the
title page, list the organization
itself as author, even if it is also given as
publisher.
N: 9. Wortd Heatth 0rganizalion,1rganization
of Services for Mentat Health lGeneva:
Wortd Heatth 0rganization, 20031, 50'
B: National commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United states. The 9/11 Commis-
sion Report. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2004'
t Pseud.orym. Treat a widely used pseudonym as if it were the author's
real name. If the real name is unknown, add pseud. in brackets after the
pseudonym.
N: 16. MarkTwain, Ihe PrinceandthePauper:ATaleforYoungPeopteof
AlIAges INew
York: HarPer & Brothers' 18991,34'
B: Centinel lpseud.l.
"Letters."
ln The complete Anti-Federa|Lst, edited by Herbert J'
Storing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press' 1981
'
t Anonymous author.If the authorship is known or guessed atbut omitted
from the book's title page, include the name in brackets
(with a question
mark to indicate .rn".riin,y)'
If the author or editor is unknown' avoid
Glare: The I.)nfinished Autobiography of
Dews. Madison: University of Wisconsin
170 CHAPTER 17 BIBLIOGRAPHY
STYLET SPECIFIC TYPES 0F 50URCE5
3. Daniel.te Maisonneuve,
Jean-Frangois
Lamarche' and Yves St-Amand' Les rela'
tionspubliques:Dansunesoci6t6enmouvancelsainte-Foy'QC:Pressesdet'Universit6
de 0uebec,199Bl,
15.
6.LjitjanaPiteticStojanovic,ed.Gutfreundiceskikubizam{Belgrade:Muze1
savremene
umetnosti, 1 971 ), 54-55'
B:Krone-Schma|z,GabrieLe.lnWahrheitsindwirstdrker:FrauenalLtaginderSowjetunion.
Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch
Vertag' 1992'
IfyouaddtheEnglishtranslationofatitle,placeitaftertheoriginal.
Enclose it in brackets",
without iulics or quotarion marks, and capitalize
it sentence stYle.
N: T.HenrykWereszycki'
Koniecsoiuszutrzechcesarzy[Theendof
theThreeEmper-
ors' Leaguel lWarsaw'
PWN' 1977J' 5
B:ZhongguorenkoutongjinianjianTgg5[Chinapoputationstatisticsyearbookl995].Bei-
jing: Zhongguo
iongii chubanshe'
1996'
If you need to cite both the original and a translation' use one of the
following
forms, depending
on whlthtr you want to focus readers on the
original or the translation'
B:Furet,Frangois.Lepass6d,unei[Lusion'Paris:EditionsRobertLaffont,.l995'Trans-
LatedbyDeborahFuretasThePassingofanl[IusionlChicago.UniversityofChicago
Press, 1 999]'
or
Furet'Francois.ThePassingofanl[Iusion'TranstatedbyDeborahFuret'Chicago:
UniversityofChicagoPress,lggg.OriginaLl'ypubLishedasLepassdd'uneil[usion
{Paris:
Editions Robert Laffont' 1 9951'
17.1.3 Edition
Thetermed.itionhasseveralmeanings'allbasedonthefactthatsome
works are published
more than once with changes in content and/or for-
mat.Ifyou.it."bookpublishedinmorethanoneedition'alwaysindi-
catewhich.dltlo.yo*.o.',.,lt.dbecauseeditionsmaydiffer.(Ifnoneof
the markers described below apply to a book' you can assume it is a first
edition, a fact that is not cited')
REVTSED EDtTtoNs.'when
a book is reissued with significant
content
changes, it may be called a
..revised,'
edition or a..second''
(or subsequent)
edition.ThisinformationusuallyaPpearsonthebook'stitlepageandis
repeated, along with the date of the edition' on the copyright page'
\Thenyouciteaneditionotherthanthefirst'includethenumberor
BOOKS
descriPtion
ofil
ond Edition"
Rc
tion" as rct" d'
citing,
not of {
N:
1. Pa''- -
!'al$'
PolicY, Sir ::
'Brull
B: Daniets,
i::e-- S
Life. i-: e:
lfl
Babb'
Fl:=-'=
fi
. in Fe-,
:g(
e
REPRINT
E9ryM
amPle'
in e
F
Publisheri-
ci
the bc'ok
r'.*l
edition
iJ ru
esPeciall"r
if I
edition
or h e
publicerim
d
17.1.6\-
N:
23
=:ier[&
of Nc-- larrtr{]li
B' Enr:t::-
;lailw
17.1.4
Volumc
If a booh ir
1
citadon*
SPECI;
i ud"!
dePends
o
s{ole- Ifr
ume aufr
forrokrr
N:
':
-ffod
fre
j-lffir
Cr ::1:
qrru
B: Pe'
q:- ihmn
:--,@nl
;-,-*qn{
'Arnand,
-es
-g-:-
es oe ','U:t've-s ::
Be[graoe Mu:".
: der Sc;.,'jetuni::.
er the original.
and capitalize
:e Tl.:ee Emper-
took 19961. Bei-
use one ofrhe
readers on the
rnt..'1?95.
Trans-
ersiil of Chicago
Furet. Chrcago:
st! c'une il[usion
icr rfiat some
ot and/or for-
r, ahvays indi-
er- (If
none of
me it is a first
L(:lnt Content
r zubsequent)
b page and is
tr
Page.
[e number or
171
BOOKS
description of the edition after the title. Abbreviate such wording as
"Sec-
ond Edition, Revised and Enlarged" as 2nd ed.; abbteviate
"Revised Edi-
tion" as reu. ed. Include the publication date only of the edition you are
citing, not of any previous editions
Gee
17.1.6).
N: 1. Paut J. Bolt, Damon V. Cotetta, and coItins G. shackelford -)r., American Defense
PoLicy, Blh ed. {BaLtimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 20051, 157-58'
B: Daniels, Roger. Coming to Amertca: A History of lmmigration and Ethnicity in American
Life.Znd ed. New York: Harper PerenniaL, 2002.
Babb, FLorence . Between Fietd and cooking Pot: The PoliticaL Economy of Marketwomen
in Peru. Rev. ed. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1989,
REPRINT EDlTloNS. A book may also be reissued in a new format-for ex-
ample, in a paperback edition
(by the original publisher or a different
publisher), or in electronic form (see 17.1.10). Even though the contents of
the book might be minimally changed from the original, cite the reprint
edition if you consulted it. You maywish to indicate that it is a reprint,
especially if it was published more than
^
year or rwo after the original
edition of is a modern printing of a classic work. In this case, include the
publication dates of both the original and the edition you are citing (see
17.1.6).
N: 23. Peter Ward Fay, The 1piun war, 1840-1842 {1975; repr., Chapet Hill: university
of North CaroLina Press, 1997),67-58.
B: Emerson, RaLph Watdo. Nature.
'1835
Reprint' Boston: Beacon, 1985.
1?.1.4 Volume
If a book is part of a multivolume work, include this information in your
citations.
SpECtFtC VOLUME. How you cite a specific volume in a multivolume work
depends on whether the volume has a title different from the work as a
whole. If so, Iist the title of the specific volume, followed by both the vol-
ume number and the general title. Abbrevi ate all. and use arabic numbefs
for volume numbers.
N: 1 0. Jaroslav Petikan, christian Doctrine and Modern culture {since 1700J, vol'. 5 ol
The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine {Chicago, University of
Chicago Press, 19891, 16.
B: Pelikan, Jarostav. christian Doctrine and Modern cutture [since 1700]. Yol. 5 of Ihe
Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press,19B9.
173
BOOKS
E
r
3r
tm
s-
le,r
:xe
readers
locate
or
iudge
the credibility
of the source'
Insert this informa-
tion after the title
("tfi il;';;"''
Jan""
and volume
information)
and
before
the facts of publication'
. , :-^-:-r- r).ocent it
'
The most t"tft'l
i"fo'*ation
about
a series
is its title' Present
it in ro-
man tyPe *ith ltt"diine-style
capitalization'
lf the volumes
in the series
are numbered,
y"";;;
"li"at
lnt number
of the work cited following
the series title'
The ;;t;t;h;
series
editor
is often omitted'
but you may
include
it after the series
title'
N: 7. Gershon
David Hundert'
The Jews in a PoLish Private
Town: The Case of 0pat6w
in the Etghteentf'
C'n"'y'
Loftns
Hopkins
Jewish
Studies lBattimore:
Johns
Hopkins
UniversitY
Press,
19921' 1 13
B: Markman,
Chartes
\N Chicago
before
History:
The Prehistoric
Archaeology
of a Modern
Metropolitanl"'
ituOit'
in ltl"inois
Archaeo[ogy
T springfieLd:
lLtinois Historic
Preservation
AgencY'
1 991 '
lsenberg,
Nancy
Sex and Citizenship
in AntebeLlum
America
Gender and American
Cu[ture,editedbyu"o'^KerberandNettlrvinPainter.ChapeIHi|t:Universityof
North CaroLina
Press'
1998'
Some
numbered
series
have existed
for so long that numbering
has
started
over' Books
in a new series
are indicated
by n's'' 2nd ser" or some
similar
notation'
usually
enclosed
in commas
before
the series
number'
Books
in the old
"'O'-Jtt
tatntified
by o's" lst ser'' and so forth'
N:3.CharlesR.Boxer,ed.,southChinaintheSixteenthCentury,Hakl'uytSocietyPub-
fications,
2nd ser'' 1 06 [London'
1953i'
lrlr'
B: Patmatary,HeLenC'
ThePotteryof
Marai6
lsland'Brazil'Transactionsof
iheAmerican
PhitosophicatSociety'
n s
'
39' pt' 3 PhitadeLphia'
1950'
17'1'6
Facts of:;Iffi,,#,on
usua*y
incrude
three erements:
the place
(city) of
publication,
tht'o'"bl';;;Jtt"*t'
and the date
(year) of publication'
In
notes,
rhese .1.*t;;;';;;;;;J
in parentheses;
in bibliographv
entries'
theY are not'
N:
lJared
Diamond'
Guns' Germs'
and Steet: The Fates of Human Societies [New
York:
W. W. Norton
and Company'
19971' 47 '
)ared'
Guns,
Germs'
and Steel: The Fates of Human
Societies
New York:
Norton
and ComPanY'
1 997'
.. ,l
rur-
our
!or
mes
ro1-
iron
- hv
lude
help
B: Diamond'
W.W.
For books
published
before
the twentieth
information
does not apPear
within
the work'
,r"*.,
as well as places
of publication'
centur%
or for which
the
you may omit
Publishers'
1'77
ffi
gh.:l-:?1;::$ji:t;:'
ror exampre'
G 6v'
t7 6r'
Fages
=
1..- r
r.1. part
es of io-
&e note
rote, add
adon).
If
the page
cired)
nn
an'ard
Uni-
ran, 19801,
+
but sPell
s. Give the
:, 3,'er Contra
-ne
number,
ilr- confused
alone
where
1800
do not
into ieaves
or
r, or a). Loca-
numbers
and
identihers'
run
t'8""'"][irrg.rr.ir.
fotio$
fol.
49.
232r-v,
or
(if
You
are ctl
uRLs,
PERMANENT
so.uRcE
TDENT
F ERs',
it:::;ii;;:;;ffi:T:H:;l
:;.^;;
Fo,
"
book
1;Hliffiil
;;,1i';;.;;URL
besins.]l:n'
u*i
t" both
a note
and.a,b*119:1t^ll::a'i;
;.#'
electronic
material
lowercase
abbreviation
of the
protocot
usea;;;ntttt""U
""a
ftP
\frle
$';,;gf+*****+pl*'*"*rl*ii
,.p"r"ttd
from
the
do
http://www isri'msu
edu/museum/pubs/MexAmHist/chapterl
4 htmt#six
Capitalize
the
internal
comPonents:f
I
Yli;3:::tT'iH: ffiI;;
.nJ'li.'"'ii'r"
unt
has a
"trailint *"'n-;;;:-i"i*t
at the
end
of a
.".f"r.
tnt
URL
in brackets'
It is best
no"t t<
line,
but
irvo"
""a1'Ja'
i"'
""0'i:::::ff.?:'i$:T1';""
URLs'
lf
Some
online
sources
have
perman''|]i:ffi
;';;;;
;;;'*'
include
a source
""'
aigit"iliit*
tit'Jgt1s
(DoIs)
or a similar
system'
1
information
""-pt'"'iit
'o
a URL
in your
citation'
doi:10'1006/ieth
2000'2594
,^-,,de
the date
you
last acc-essed
it'
.when
you
cire
anv
online
source' P'oYtT"
;;;.i
rr.*
the
veb
(see
#jnn::i:::::
::.':
:lilTiil
l";;;';'he
u RL'
r
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er manen'[
identifier'
''T:T,T:;l,ll'J'"",,",
-'rl::::
':1"0'
p"e::'-b'll
ll l"'n
'a'"-
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the
rocation;;;;;'J
p"J'"g'
it "
*:;j:l*;;;:;:;n;'Tlit"1i
::Hil;ilator
(such as a preceding
tvou
,r..a
noc
include
such
a loca-
li..rJa.*
(see 17'1'10
for an examPle)'
)
to,
i"
"
bibliograPhY
entry'
,iis:JT:::,.T:,3*';
j5i:tIi=T,:,i-X:i;il".",:1'}:::Til:
,ir.,gl.,
continuous
afgument
of naffatrve
'
il;';
I u".r.
thai
collects
in-
'."?;;-;it''
But
ir
vou
consult'onrv
:::5;;;''o;;eral
authors' vou
*r
xl';T
I*
: ni
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;"'"' *
I i"
"
"
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doi"g
to'
*"
nttttnl;;;""
ttt*
tht
'ot""t
fits into
your
proiect'
178
CHAPTER
17 BlBLlOGRAPHt
ttttE'
Sttt't't
t
B: Demos,
John.
"
ReaI Lives and 0ther Fictions:
Reconsidering
Wattace
Stegner's
Angle of
R e p o s e.' I n No ve I u' o
"
vi
i
"i'
i'
"il.'f
y:':
: : :: ::i-'J*'j"T : :;: :f ::;XT
:'J:;:"illfi?
il]ii]i
.;...;:s,
132-t+5
New York:
simon and schuster'
200i
instead
of
Carnes,
Mark C', ed Novel History:
Historians
and Novellsts
Confront
America's
Past
land
Each0therl
New York: Simon
and Schuster'
2001 '
PARTS
OF sTNGLE-AurHoR
BOOKs.
If you cite a titled
part of a single-author
book,
includt
tht titlt
cli tf" p"'t fi"t' i" rt'*"t'
tvpe and enclosed
in
ouotation
marks'
nftt'
tnt designation
in' givethe
book
title' In a bibli-
ogr"pky.,'t'y,
i""lt'dltitt
f"rf
'"p""
of p"g" numbers
for that part follow
ins the book title;
in
"-rro*,
gi'"t tht
f"gt
"t"t'bt'(s)
for a specific
refer-
"H;;
vou
would
for any other
quotation'
N:
1. John Chartes
Chasteen'
"Neocolonia[ism
"'
in Born in BLood and Fire: A Concise
History
of Latin Americaf
*t* *'n' W W Norton
& Company'
2001]'
190-91'
B: Chasteen'
John Charl'es
"Neocoloniaiism
"
ln Born in Btood and Fire: AConctse
History
of Latin America'
t f S-206-
New York: W' W Norton
& Company'
2001'
If you cite a part with
a-generic
dtle such as inffoduction'
preface'
ot
afterword,add
that;;t;f;t
the title of the book'
List the generic
title
in rom"n
typt
*i't'o"t ;";""
marks'
""1
c*pit"li'e
the first word only
,"
"
u,ur"s'"Phv.';;;lii't"
p"" u *'n:,*:{
;:::T::*T
r';;Ul;
-"io
",r.nl'
of tftt Uoott'
give the
Part
au'
author's
name
after the title'
N:
7. Ai{red
W' Crosby'
preface to the new:O]:lt"
"t
Ecotogical
lmperialism:The
Bio'
logicat
Expansio"
"t
"""i'"'
iii-l900'
new ed tNew
York: Cambridge
University
Press'
'oo
15 i;.' n
c a rh o u n' ro rewo rd to M u t ti c u t t.u r a lt':ll':
: :: :'::; ?!I'!J i{ltM
u s ti m s
in Britain,by
Tariq Vodood [Minneapotis:
University
of Minnesota
Press'
2005]' xvi
B:Crosby,Al'fredW'PrefacetotheneweditionofEcotogicallmperialism:TheBiological
Expansion'rr'*i"'-gii-7900Newed'NewYork:cambridgeUniversitvPress'
..,i::i
crais.
Foreword
to Murticurtu
*'.:""l.,:.:,,!::::"i.li"'Xi.lidrMustims
in
Britain,
by Tariq
'"O"tO
Minneapotis:
University
of Minnesota
Press'
2005'
'ARTS
oF EDTTED
c.LLEcroNs.
If you cite.part
of an edited
collection
with
contribution'
U, *"ftipft
""n-''
list th" oart author
and title
(in roman
type,
encloseo
','
o;;"j';;;;;
fi": ;i;' the designation
ln
'
give the
book title
""a 'ntull*#il;i"''
t"
"
bibliog'"ph!
t"ttv'
include
the
BOOKS
full sPan
or-Po1
give
the
P'agPl
quotatioc-
N:
3. i--: lan-
Christ:-
rdM
Stews-,:-
i]nr
B: Cari-.
:--: tF[d
t;a-
:- elfl5i(
S::r':-:
dhrl
Iirou
cfo
mav
trerr
&
ened
horn
&
from
tk bo
the
Pa-rr
ed
the book-
g
inforrr"elin
vidual
Part
N: -
lrl'
-ffll
nf -:-=
lt
Un.:-=rr
mr
_:d6
':
-p{o
In vour ti
ation
urn t
B: A::':
:zu
Kea:
-: W
, __ --#
L
-- -**
$/0R{5
il
lishe'j
il
edited
o
lished
it
cepdon
s-hi$ t
N: -s;
!s-r:.9
i
B O O KS
179
full span of page numbers for that part following the book titre; in a nore,
give the page number(s) for a specific reference as you would for any other
quotation.
N: 3. Anne carr and DougLas J. Schuurman,
'Reiigion
and Feminism: A Reformist
Christian Analysis," in Religion, Femrnrsm, and the FamiLy, ed. Anne Carr and Mary
stewart Van Leeuwen {LouisvitLe, KY: westminster John Knox
press,
19g6), 13-14.
B: carr, Anne, and Dougi.as J. schuurman.
"Retigion
and Feminjsm:A Reformrst chris-
tian Analysis.' ln Rettgion, Feminism, and the Family, edited by Anne carr and Mary
stewart Van Leeuwen, 1 I -32. LouisviLie, Ky: westminster John Knox
press,
1
gg6.
If you cite rwo or more contributions ro the same edited collection, you
may treat them as separate sources, or you may use a space-saving short-
ened form like that discussed in 16.4.1. The first time you cite any part
from the book in a nore, give full bibliographical information about both
the part and the book as a whole. Thereafter, ifyou cite another part from
the book, provide the full authort name and title of the part, brrt give the
information about the book in shortened form. Subsequent nores for indi-
vidual parts follow the usual shortened note form.
N: 4. wiLfiam H. Keating,
"Fort
Dearborn and chicago," in
prairie
state: lntpresstans
of llLinois, l673-7967, byTravelers and ather 0bservers, ed.
paul
lv1. AngLe {chicago:
University of Chicago Press, 1 9671, 84.
12. Sara CLarke L.ippincott,
"Chicago,'in
Anqte,362.
1 4. Keating, 85.
15. Lippincott,365.
In your bibliography, provide a full citation for the whole book and a vari-
ation on the shortened note form for individual parts.
B: Ang[e, Pauf M., ed. Prairie state: lmpressions of lr.Linais, 7673-lg6r, by TraveLers and
)ther }bservers.
{Chicago, University of Chicago
press,
1 9671.
Keating, Witliam H.
"Fort
Dearborn and Chicago." ln Angte, B4-87.
Liopincott, Sara Ciarke.
"Chicago."
In Angte, 362-TA.
woRKs lN ANTHOL0GTES. cite a short srory, poem, essay, or other work pub-
lished in an anthology in the same way you would a contribution to an
edited collection with multiple aurhors. Give rhe titles of most works pub-
lished in anthologies in roman type, enclosed in quotation marks. An ex-
ception is the title ofan excerpt from a bookJength poem or prose work,
whlch should be italicized (see
22.3.2).
N: 2. lsabeI ALLende,
'The
spirits were willing," in The axford Book of Latin Amertcan
Essays, ed. llan Stavans {New York: 0xford University
press, jggT),463-6L.
180
CHAPTER
17 BlBLlOGnnenv
SrVr-r'
SpECrprC
rVpr
17.1.'l
I
B: Wiggtesworih'
Michaet
Excerpt
from fhe Day of Doom' ln fhe NewAnthology
of Amert'
can
poetry: tradition,
ana Revorutions,
Beginnings
to 1?a0, edited by steven
Gou[d
Axetrod,
Camitte
*ottn'
and Thomas
Travisano'
68-74'
New Brunswick'
NJ: Rut-
gers UniversitY
Press'
2003'
If the original
publication
date of a work
is importanr
in the context
of
your paper'
t""hlJn
";;trtt 'ir"
t? trtt *ork and before
the title of the
l"iii"!t
"
uottt
yo"' notes and your bibliography'
N: 2. lsabet
Attende'
"The
Spirits Were Wilting" {1984]'
in The }xford Book ' '
B: Wigglesworth'
Michael'
Excerpt
from fhe Day of Doom'
1652' ln The New Anthology ' ' '
17.1.9
Letters
and Other
Communications
in Published
Collections
You may tnt
'ptt'i""f""'
tiu""rtt
that collect
letters'
memoranda'
and
other
comm*"";;;""
because
a specific
reference
provides
information
not included
it'l whole book
citation'
such as the date and participants
for an individ""i
"t;;*nication'
(For unpublished
personal
communi-
cations,
"t
fZ'i'a'"f-
t"tp"Utt'nta
ltttt"
i" manuscript
collections'
see
tr.ri!.rrn
such
an item, give the names
of the sender
and.recipient,
fol-
lowed
by
"
d"";;;iJ'"?ttt"utt
and'relevant)
the place where
the com-
munication
;
ilil'
dtt **a.1"
"'
i' unn"issary'
but label other
forms,
such
"t
* itpo"
or memorandotn'
Ct"t the title and other
data for
the collection
in
'it "'"4
form for
"tttJnta
book'
Notice
the form
for a
shortened
"ttt;;il;;ifft"
f'o- the usual
Pattern
of elements'
N:
1. Adams
to Chartes
Milnes
Gaske[['
London'
March 30' 1895' in Letters
of Henry
Adams,
1g5B-1891,
ed. worthington
chauncey
Ford IBoston,
Houghton
MiffLin'
1 930.l, 1 41
'
3 ?11[iJ?tll1l'h111*"*"'"ndum'
Mav 2' .e46'in
Letters
or E B white' ed'
Dorothy
t-ourano
Cutf' lNewYork:
Harper
& Row' 19761' 273'
B: Jackson'
Pautina
Pau[ina
Jackson
to John Pepys Junior'
0ctober
3' 1676' ln fhe Let-
tersofsamue!PepysandHisFamiLyci..te,ljit.obyHetenTruesdellHeath,no.42.
Oxford:
Cl'arendon
Press'
1955
If you cite several
letters
or other
communications
f.toT
"
single
book
in your
"",.r,"jr.11r..-rn.
t."r. rather
than the individual
pieces
in your
bibliograPhY'
B:Churchil't,Winston,andDwightD.Eisenhower'TheChurchilt.-EisenhowerCorrespon.
dence'
1953-1?55'
edited
by Peter G Boyte Chapet
Hitt: University
of North
Caro-
tina Press'
1990'
JOURNAL ARTICLES
181
17.1,10 Online and Other Electronic
Books
For online books, foilow the guidelines for print books. In addition
to
the usual elements, incrude ttre uRr *rrd th. d"t. yo,,
";.;;
the mate_
rial (see
15.4.I, 17.1.7). Note that a URL alone is ,ro, ,r'rm.l..rr;
you musr
provide
rhe full facts of publicarion,
as far as they can c. l.r.r-,".a,
,.
that a reader can search for the source even ifthe uRL.h";;.s.
Ifpage
numbers are not available, you may identify the location
"f "
.i?.a passage
in a note by adding a descriptive locator
-(such_
as a preceding
subheading)
following
the word undrrbiforethe
uRL and
"c..r,
d"t..
"
N: l Julian samora and
patricia
Vander. simon, A History of the Mexican-American
Peopre, rev' ed. IEast Lansing, Mr: Jurian samora Research rnstitute,
Michigan state
University, 2000], under
"civir.
war in Mexico," http://wwwjsri.msu.edu/museum/
pubs/MexAmHist/chapterl
4.htmt#six
{accessed December 1 9, 20051.
B: samora, Jurian, and
patricia
VandeI simon. A History of the Mexican_American peo_
pre. Rev ed. East Lansing, Mr: Jutian samora Research rnstitute,
Mrchigan state
Unrversity,2000.
http://www.jsri.msu.edu/museum/pubs/MexAmHist/chapteri4
.htm[#six
[accessed December 19, 2005].
\'hen you cite books published
in other electronic
formars,
such as
those available for downroad or other derivery from a i".r.r.-rr*..
library,
identify
the format (CD-ROM,
Microsoft Reader e_book).
N: 1. Thomas H- Davenport and John c. Beck, The Attention Economy: IJnderstanding
the New currency of Business
{cambridge, MA: Harvard Business schoot
press,
2001},
TK3 Reader e-book.
B: Hetlman, Ha[. Greaf Feuds in Technorogy: Ten of the LiveLiest DisputesFrer
New
york:
John Wiley, 2004. Rocket e-book.
W
JournatArtictes
Most of the periodicals
you will consult for a paper are classified
as iour-
nals' which are scholarry or professionar
perioiicars *"id;';;;lliu,"
academic libraries
and by subscription.
jou'"r,
rfr." i;;r;;;-,i.'*.ra
journal
in their titles (/ournar
of Modnn Histor), but not arways (signr).
Magazjnes are usually not scholarly publicationsi
,t.y
"..
-or.'"...rirUf.
to.readers than journals,
in both their content and their *"ir"uirir/.*-
side academic
settings. This distinction is importanr
because
lo,rrn"i
"r-
ticles and magazine articres are cited difiFerently. If you are ,rrrr*. *rr.,rr.,
a periodical
is a journal
or a magazin, ,.. *h.ther its articres i".r"a.
citations; if so, treat it as a journal.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SPECIFIC
TYPES
OF
1T3.4 I
l
17.2.1 Author's
Name
Give authors'
names
exactly
as
Follow
the guidelines
for book
17.2.2
Article
Title
List complete
article
titles and subtitles'
lJse roman
fro* ,f,.
"'Utitle
with a colon' and enclose
both in
h."dli,t.-'tyle
capitalization
(see 22'3'I)'
type, seParate
the tide
quotation
marks'
Use
N:
12. Nancy L Green"'The
Potitics of Exit: Reversing
the lmmigration
Paradiqrr'
JournaL
of Modern
History
77 Uu ne 20051: 275'
B:Green,NancyL.,,ThePo[iticsofExit:ReversingthelmmigrationParadigm'''Journa'
of Modern
HistoryTT Uune
2005]: 263-89'
Terms
normally
italicized
in text' such as species
names'and
book ti-
tles, remain
it"ti"i'"J
*ithin
an article title;
^tt'-'
'lo'-"lly
quoted
in
rexr afe enclosedin il;;;;,",i."
-"rr,
because
the title itself is within
double
quotation
marks'
Do not
Put
a comma
or period
after an article
title or subtitle
that ends with a question
mark or an exclamation
point'
N: 23. -Judith
Lewis'
" 'Tis
a Misfortune
to Be a Great Ladie': MaternaI
Morta[ity
in the
British Aristocracy'
1558-1959
"
Journal of British
Studies3T {19981:
26'
B: Loften,
Peter'
"Reverberations between
Wordpl'ay
and Swordptay
in Hamlet"
Aeolian
Studies
2 l19}9l:
12-29 '
Wittiamson,Georges..WhatKiitedAugustvonKotzebue?TheTemptationsofVirtue
andthePotiticatTheoLogyofGermanNationa[ism,17B9_1819.''.JournalofModern
History
7 2lDecember
2000J : 890-943'
Foreign-language
tides should generally
be capitalized
sentence
style
(see 22.3.1)
""to'i"'g
to the conv=entions
of the particular
language'
If
you add
",t
et'gliJ'?"nslation'
enclose
it in brackets'
without
quotation
marks.
N: 22. G6rardBouchard'
"Un
essai d'anthropotogie
16giona[e:
Lhistoire
sociate du
SaguenayauxXlXeetXXesidcl'es"'Anna[es:Economies'socititds'civitisatrons34Uanu-
arY 1979): 1 1B'
B:Kern,W..'Waarverzame[dePigafettazijnMateisewoorden?''[WheredidPigafetta
co[[ecthisMataysianwords?]Tijdschriftvoarlndischetaal.,land-envolkenkunde
78 t193Bl:271-73'
1?.2.3 Journal
Title
After the article
title' list
caPitalization
(see 22'3'l)'
they appear
at the heads of their articl6-
authors in 17.1.1.
s
.(
:
t{;
B:
Br
the
journal title in italics'
Give the title exactlY
as it
with headline-stYle
appears
on the dtle
183
:
i
I
le
le
JOURNAL ARTICLES
page or above the table of contents of the
journal; do not use abbrevia-
iio"rrr,
"l.ho.rgh
you can omit an initial 7be (fournal of Business), If the
official title is an initialism such as PMLA' do not expand it' For foreign-
languagejournals,youmayuseeitherheadline.styleorsentence.style
."pi"lir",io.r,
but retain all initial articles
(Der Spiegel)'
1?.2.4 Issue Information
Most
iournal
citations include volume number' issue number or month'
",,d
y.",' Readers may not need all of these elements to locate an article,
but including them ail guards against a possible error in one of them.
v0LUME AND tssuE NUMBERS. The volume number follows the journal title
without intervening punctuation
and is not italicized. use arabic numer-
als even if the
journai itself uses roman numerals. If there is an issue num-
ber, it follows the volume number' separated by a comma and preceded
by no.
N: 2. Christopher s. Mackay,
"Lactantius
and the Succession to Dioctetian"' classica!
PhilotogY 94, no 2 {19991:
205'
B:Kumar,Rahu[.,.Reasonab|eReasonsinContractuaListMoraIArgumeni.''Ethics114
[0ctober
2003]: 6-37'
.W.henajournalusesissuenumbersonly,withoutvolumenumbers,a
comma follows the journal title'
B: Beattie, J. M...The Pattern of Crime in Engtand, 1560_1800.'' Past and Present, no' 62
1197 4J: 47 -95
DATE0FPUBL|CATI0N.ThedateofpublicationaPPearsinparenthesesafter
the volume number
(or issue number' if given)' For the form of the date'
followthepracticeofthejournal;itmustincludetheyearandmayin-
cludeaseason'amonth'ofanexactday.Capitalizeseasonsinjournal
citations, even though they are not capitalized
in text'
N:27'sarahBurns,,,OrderingtheArtist'sBody:ThomasEakins'sActsofSeLf.
portrayal," American Art 19' no 1 lspring
20051: 95'
B:Jenkins,J.Craig,DavidJacobs.andJonAgnone.,,PoLiticaL0pportunitiesandAfrican.
American
protest, jg/48-1gg7." American JournaL of Sociology 109, no. 2 lSeptem-
ber 20031, 277-303'
If an article has been accepted for publication
but has not yet appeared'
use
forthcoming
\n place of the date
"ttd
p"gt numbers' teat any article
not yet
"...p,.d
for publication
as an unpublished
manuscript Gee
17'6)'
CHAPTER 1 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY
STYLF: SPECIFIC TYPES 0F
N: 4. Margaret M. Author' ArticLe Tiile" Journal fJame ?B iforihcoming)
B: Auihor, Margaret
M
'Articie
litie )ourna!lJame
9B lforthcoming)
1?.2.5 Page Numbers
and Other }-ocating Information
If you cite a particular
Passage
in a note' give only the specific
pag'
'
cited.Forabibliographyentryolanotethatcitestheentirearticle'g:':
the full ,p"n of p"gt
""-bt"
for the article
(see 23'2'4)' By conventic-'
p"g. .rrrr.rb.r,
of jJ""l"l articles follow colons rather than commas'
N:4,TimHitchcock,,.BeggingontheStreetsofEighteenth_ceniuryLondon,'.J.--..
of British Studies 4L Uuty 2005): 478'
B:GoLd.AnnGrodzins..,GrainsofTr^uth:Shiftingi'.iierarchiesofFoodandGraceinJ..=.
Rajasthani
TaLes Hislory o f Retigions 38' nc 2 {19?Bl:
'1
50-7i '
For
journal articles published online' include page numbers
(if avaii-
able) as well as the URL
(or permanent
identifier) and the date you ac-
cessed the article' For details and e"amples,
see \7.2,7. For general prin-
ciples of punctuation
and capitalization
in URLs' see 17'l'7'
1?.2.6 Special lssues and Supplernents.
A journal irr.r. dtuo'#to
a single theme is known as a special issue' It car-
riesanormalvolumeandissue",'.,-b.,.Ifaspecialissuehasatitleandan
editorofitsown,includ'ebothinthecitations'Thetitleisgiveninroman
type and enclosed in quotation marks'
N: 67. Metthew L. Jones.
.,Descartes.s
Georneiry as a Spirituai Exercise,', in
,,Things,,'
ed. BiLl tsrown, speciaL rssue' Critica! lnqt;iry 28' no 1 [Autumn
2AA1]: 43-l'L'
B:Jones,MatthewL..,Descartes,sGeometryasaSpirltr-ralExercise.''ln.,Thinqs.''ed'
BiLl Brown Special issue, Criticat lnquiry 2B' no l lAutumn
20011: 40-71
Ifyouneedtocitetheissueasawhole,omitthearticleinformation.
B:Brown,Bilt,ed."Things"SpeciaLissue'Criticallnquiry25'no1{Autumn2C01l'
A journal suPplement
may also have a title and an author or editor of its
own. Unlike
"
,p..i"l issue, it is numbered separately
from the regular is-
sues of the
jou"tal, often with S as part of its page numbers'
lJse a comma
between
the volume number and the supplement
number'
N:4'lvarEke|anrj,JamesJ.ileckman,ancjLar.sNesheim,..IdentificationandEsti'
matjonofHedonicModels',,in,'PapersinHonorofsherwinRosen,',JournalofPaliti-
cal Economy
1 12, 51 [February
ZCAL\:572
B:Eke|and"lvar,JamesJ.Heckman,andLarsNesheim',,loentificationandEstimation
,$
.:iS
.t,-:a
:#
50-::=:
fic pageis)
nide, girr
D$r'ention,
m*
q.
gfi,",16Jrl6i
ace;n Th'ee
rs
(if avail-
ue vou ac-
neral prin-
isrrr. It car-
ride and an
n in roman
'
ic
-Things,"
.,t&.
Things," ed.
-71.
ndon.
r ZOCil.
editor of its
e regular is-
tse
a comma
tion and Esti-
Ema[ of Politi-
nd Estimation
-,
..--3
MAGAZINE ARTICLES
185
of Hedonic Modets." ln
"Papers
in Honor of Sherwin Rosen," Journal of Potitical
Economy 112, S1 [February2004l:
S50-S109'
17.2.7 Atticles Published Online
For online
journals, follow the guidelines for ardcles in print journals.
In addition, include the URL and the date you accessed the material (see
15.4.I).Note that a URL alone is not sufficient; you must provide the full
facts ofpublication, as far as they can be determined, so that a reader can
s.arch for the source even if the URL changes. Articles in online
journals
might not include page numbers, especially if they afe not published in
p"oll.l print journals. If page numbers are not available, you may iden-
iify rn. iocation ofa cited passage in a note by adding a descriptive loca-
to,
(r.r"h as a preceding subheading) following the word underbefote the
URL and access date.
N: 4. Brian Uzzi and Jarrett spiro,
"coLtaboration
and creativity: The Smatt wortd
Probtem," American Journal of sociology 1'1 1, no. 2 [september
2005], under
"Mit-
gram's Smat[ WorLd Theory," http://www.journats.uchicago edu/AJS/journaU
issues/v1 1 1 n21090090/090090.htmt Iaccessed December 1 9, 2005]'
B:
tJzzi,
Brian, and Jarrett Spiro.
"Coltaboration
and Creativity: The Smalt WorLd Prob-
lem." American Journal of Sociology 111, no. 2 [september 2005]. http://www
.journats.uchicago.edu/AJS/journa[/issues/v1
11n210900901090090.htmtIaccessed
December 19,2005J.
Online databases of articles generally list all the elements necessary for
citations. Include the stable URL listed, which also identifies the database
in which you consulted the article.
N: 6. Lawrence A. Shapiro,
"Muttipte
Realizations," Journal of Fhilosophy 97, no' 12
{December 2000J:6t+2, http://tinks.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-362Xo/028200012o/o2997o/o
3A12Yo3C635o/o3AMR%3E2'0.C0%382-Q
[accessed June 27, 20061'
B: Shapiro, LawrenceA.
"Muttipte
Realizations." JournaLof PhitosophygT, no. 12 {Decem-
ber 20001:635-54. http://tinks.jstor.org/sici?sici:0022-362{%28200012ok2997o/o
3 A1 2Yo3C 635Yo3A M R %3 E 2. 0. C O %3 B 2 - 0 { a cce sse d J u n e 27' 200 6l'
p|
Maoazine Articles
-
Many guidelines for citing
journal articles (see 17.2) apply equally to
magazine articles.
In most cases, cire weekly or monthly magazines by date only, even if
they are numbered by volume and issue. Do not enclose the date in pa-
,.rrrh.r... If you cite a specific passage in a note, include its page number.
But you may omit the article's inclusive page numbers in a bibliography
CHAPTER 17 BIBLIOGRAPHY
STYLE: SPECTFIC
TYPES OF SOURCES
!,l!
$i
1' entry, since
(n^gaz\ne articles often span many pages that include extra-
,r.orr, *"r.rial.if
you include p"gt
"t'-bt's'
use a comma rather than a
colon to separate
them from the date of issue'
N:ll.MarkSchapiro,NewPowerfor'OLdEurope""TheNation'December2T'204/+'
12-13.
B: Schapiro, Mark
'New
Power for'Otd Europe
"
The Nation' December 2T
'200L
If you cite a department
or column that appears
regularly' capitalize
it
fr.Jiin. ,tyl. *r,ido not enclose it in quotation
marks' For a department
without a named author, use the .t"-. of the magazine
in place of the
author in a bibliograPhY
entrY'
N:2.BarbaraWaILraff,WordCourt.AtIanticMonth|y,June2005,l28.
B: New Yorker: Tatk of the Town April 10' 2000'
Foronlinemagazines,followtheguidelinesforarticlesinprintmaga-
zines. In addition,
include the URL and the date you accessed the mate-
rial
(see 15.4.1).Note
that a URL alone is not sufficienu
you must provide
the full facts of publication,
as far as they can be determined'
so that a
.."d.. ."' ,.",.h fo, the source even if the URL changes. Articles in on-
line magazines
might not include page numbers' but you may identify the
location of a cited
f"""gt
itt
"
t'ottiy adding a descrip^tive
locator
Guch
", "
pr.".aing
,.rUri."ai'ig)
following iht *otJ und'erbefote
the URL and
access date.
N: T. Stephan Faris,
"
Freedom : No Documents Found"' Salon com' December l6'
2005' under
..The
lnternet Has No Memory in China,'.http://www.sa|on.com/tech/
feature/2005/12l16/censorship/indexl
html' [accessed
December 19' 2005]'
B:Faris,stephan.Freedom':NoDocumentsFound"saloncom'Decemberl6'2005'
http://wwwsaton.com/tech/featurel2005l12116/censorship/indexl.htm[{accessed
December
19,20051'
NewsPaPer
Artictes
In most cases, cire articles and other pieces from daily newspapers
only
;; ;;;t. You generally
need not include them in your bibliography'
al-
;""tn yol., rn"'y .hooit to include a specific article that is critical to your
arsument or frequentlY
cited'
"'";;il;;;;:;;;"i
pattern for citation of articles in magazines
(see
fZ.al. O*i p"i. .t,r-btts, because a newsPaPer
may have several editions
Nr
17.4-1
187
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES
&-
.3
f,n-
the
rch
rnd
:: n,1
rnly
;
al-
rour
(see
ions
in which items may appear on different pages or may even be dropped'
You may clarify which.di io., you consulte dby addingfnal edition, Mid-
west edition, or some such identifier'
4. Editorial., MiLwaukee Journal-sentinel,
June 1' 1998'
6. 0bituary of Jacques Derrida, New York firnes, October 10' 2004' national
edition.
If you cite an article by its headline, you can use either headline- or
sentence-style capitalization
(see 22'3'1), but be consistent' Newspapers
use both, ,o
"h".g.
all headlines to conform to the style you choose'
:tt
Ttt
he
5a-
Ie-
ide
Ia
N: 9. Blair
2005.
or
Chicago Tribune
Saint Pau!
(ALberta or AB) Journal
"Wrigtey
Buitding Clearty a Landmark''' Chicago Tribune' July 1'
Le Monde
ilmes ILondon]
9' BLair Kamin,
,.WrigLey
Buitding clearty a [andmark'', Chicago Tribune, -July
1,
2005.
Instead of using a note, you can sometimes cite articles by weaving
several key elements into your text; at a minimum, include the name and
date of the paper and the author of the article
(if any). Some of this infor-
mation can appear in parentheses, even if it does not follow the form for
parenthetical notes describ ed in t6'4'3'
ln a New
yorkTimesarticle on the transitionswithin
the Supreme Court {Septem-
ber 30, 2005), Linda Greenhouse discusses these trends'
or
ln an artic[e pubtished on September 30, 2005, in the New YorkTimes, Linda Green-
house discusses the transitions within the Supreme Court'
17.1.1 Special Format Issues
For American newspapers, omit an initial The in the name of the news-
paper.Ifthenamedo.rtto,includeacity'addittotheoficialtitle'ex-
".i,
fo, well,known narional papers such as the Wall S*eet
Journal
or the
christian science Monitor. If aname is shared by many cities or is obscure,
youmayaddthestateorprovinceinparentheses(usuallyabbreviated;see
'24.3.I).'For
foreign newspapers, retain initial articles, and add city names
after titles.
188 CHAPTER
17 BIBLIOGRAPHY
STYLE:
SPECIFIC
TYPES 0F S0UF'lii
lt?5.!l
The names
of news services
should be capitaUzed
headline
style but noi
italicized
when treated
as the author of an article'
N: 5. Associated
Press'
"lraq
Constitution
Distributed
amid Attacks"'
Los Ange'e:
fimes. October
6' 2005'
17.4.2
Special
Types of Newspaper
Citations
In addition,"
,"it"tJ,i"r"igrr.a
articles,
newspapers
include
many other
types of pieces,
some of which require
special treatment
in citations'
t Regular
columns'Many
regular columns
carry headlines
as well as column
titres.youmayuse.it'h..Lothor,tosaverp"".,rh.columntitlealone(in
roman
type'
not enclosed
in quotation
marks)'
N:5.GretchenMorgenson,.ApptyingaDiscounttoGoodEarningsNews,''Market
Watch, New YorkTimes'
APrit 23' 2000'
5. Gretchen
Morgenson'
Market Watch' NewYork
fimes' April23' 2000'
a Lefters to the editor.cite
published
letters to the ediror generically,
with-
out headlines'
N: 6. Virginia J. Davis, tetter to the editor' Chicago
Tribune' Juty 29' 2005'
t Articles
in supplements'
Treat articles
from sunday
"magazine"
supple-
ments or o,n.'
'pt"i"i'"";;;'
as you would
-"g"'i"t
articles Gee
17'3)'
t Articles
published'
online'
Foronline
newsPapers'
iollow
the guidelines
for
articles
in print newsPapers'
In a{dltilf
include
the URL and the date
you accessed
,t"
-"'i'i"t
(see 15'4'1)' Note that a URL alone
is not suf-
ficient;
you must
P;;il
tttt f''U facts of publication'
as far as they can
be determinea,
'o 't'"'
"
teader can
""'"h
fo' the source even if the URL
changes.
You may tit"Uft
tftt fo""tio" of a cited
Passage
in a note by add-
ing a descripri"t
rtl*'i""h
"'
a preceding
sribheading)
following
the
word under.
N: 12. Dave Hoekstra'
"Restoring
a Legacy"'
Chicago
Sun-Times'
December
19'
2005, under
"Hon]"
niuty t'om Home"' r'itp'//*ww
suntimes
com/output/hurricane/
.st-ftr-nota19'htmt
taccessed
December
19' 20051'
Additionat
Types of Pubtished
Sources
There are several
-ddi;;"i
;o
oi pt'blithed
material
that have special
requirements
for citations'
ADDITIONAL TYPES OF PUBLISHED SOURCES 189
17.5.1 Classical, Medieval, and Early English Literary Vorks
Literary works produced in classical Greece and Rome, medieval Eu-
rope, and Renaissance England are cited differently from modern literary
works. These sources are often organized into numbered sections (books,
lines, stanzas, and so forth) that are generally cited in place of page num-
bers. Because such works have been published in so many versions and
translations over the cenruries, the facts of publication for modern edi-
tions are generally less important than in other types of citations.
For this reason, classical, medieval, and early English literary works
should usually be cited only in footnotes or even in parenthetical notes
(see 16.4.3), as in the first example below Include the author's name, the
title, and the section number (given in arabic numerals). See below re-
garding differences in punctuation, abbreviations, and numbers among
different types of works.
The eighty days of inactivity reported by Thucydides lB.44.L) lor the
peloponnesian
fteet at Rhodes, terminaiing before the end of winter {8.60.2-3}, suggests . . .
N: 3. Ovid Amores 1.7.27 .
B. Beawulf, lines 2401-7.
1 1. Spenser, The Faerie Aueene, bk. 2, canto 8, st. 14.
If your paper is in literary studies or another field concerned with close
analysis ofrexts, or ifdifferences in translarions are relevanr, include such
works in your bibliography. Follow the rules for other translated and ed-
ited books in 17.11.
N: 35. Propertius, Elegies, ed. and trans. G. P. GooLd, Loeb CtassicaI Library 1B {Cam-
bridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990],45.
B: Aristotle" Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised 1xford Translation. Edited by
J. Barnes. 2 vo[s. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1 983.
cLAsstcAL WoRKs. In addition ro the general principles listed above, the
following rules apply to citations of classical works.
LJse no punctuarion between aurhor and title of work, or between title
and section number. Numerical divisions are separated by periods without
spaces. Use arabic numerals (and lowercase letrers, if needed) for section
numbers. Put commas between two or more citations of the same source
and semicolons between citations of differenr sources.
N: 5. Aristophanes Frogs 1019-30.
6. Cicero Vern 1.3.21 ,2.3.120; Tacitus 6erm. 10.2-3.
1 0. Aristotle Metaphysics 3.2.996b5-B; Plato Republic 360e-36 1 b.
190
CHAPTER
17 B I B Lt o G RAP HY srr !E
-iP
Ei'
!F
lll rrjj J
You can also abbreviate
the names
of authors'
works'
collectio:''
".
:
so forth.
The most
;;;;
""ttf*a
abbreviations
appear
in the
'-
'--
";
Classical
Dictionary'
U" tf-"" atbreviations
rather than ibid'
\n s';:::::'
i.rg ,.f.,.""ts
to the same work'
N:
g
Thuc
?102-3
l4 Pindar
lsthm'I
43-45'
MEDIEVALW0RKS.Theformforclassical-referencesworksequallyr.e..:-
medieval
*ork,
*ri*.i-t
t".rg,r*ges
other than
English.
N:
2T Augustrne
De cit'qtate
Dei 20 2
31, Abelar-d
Epi'tb
1;;;Heioise
lMigne
PL 180 375c-37Bal'
EARLY ENGLisH
wORKs
tn addition
ro tlt g,trl::],lll:.':,ttt,t::ttrib"'=
,TI:'"X|:?,TJ'
;;;i;;;
il;
"'"ilu:'l:: i:::f i;:'I:
J"*T':,iJ:fi;iil{;l;,}:;;,o, "'-'a ""'"'"'
s'[anza
and line; acI
,..rr.,
".rd
line;
or similar
divisions'
1. Chaucer,
'Wife
of Bath's
Prologu
e" Canterbury
Iales' lines i05-14'
3. Milton,
Paradise
Lost' book 1
'
lines B3-86
You may shorten
numbered
divisions
by omitting
act' line'
and using
a system
";;;;;"
that in classical
references
(see
sure
to explain
your system
in a note'
N:
and such
above).
Be
3. Miiton,
Paradise
Losl' 1 83-86
If editions
differ
in wording'
line numbert"gl,-ii1^lt:'.::.T
*;ll- If editions
dllrer
ltr wuruur6r
le"the
work in your
bibli-
,t.;i;;;;;"llv
*o'k'
of Shakespea*;t:::"1
^..- "
hihr iooraohy, specify
ili;;ffif,t'Jrl:'J:*il.i'I"r"*
o. ,'o, r,"o.
a bibliographv,
specifv
,i. .dirio"
in the first note'
B: Shakespeare,
WiLLiam
Hamlef'
Arden
ecjition
Edited
by Harold
ienkins
London
Metlruen,
1982'
The Bible
and Other
SacredWorks
1?'5'?
rhe not;*i'
;J,L*J*.'*
',t*17;11*::: :':'i:':::::
:i:'"HJ:T;i'#.;;;i';;;*
a'.'
16 4 3)lY"u
do not need
,tr.r.
*ott t in
Your
bibliograPhY'
se works
in your blollograpuv'
.ated name
of the book,
i"t".i".t""J
from the Bibie'
i"clude
the abbrevi-r
^
neoe ,'rrmber. De-
,r.'ffi:::"ff
"Tff
:dd;.;;;;f'":;::J:::,:1il1f"f;:;
;*ff
:T;i:T:::#,!djT:rl*":.:*,m1":::*:ru|*';::
pending
on the conte*,;ffir&;;.2),
.o.rr"t,
your
instructor
if you are
ations
for the names
ot I
footnotes,
to include
191
ADDITIONAL TYPES OF PUBLISHED SOURCES
unsure which form is appropriate.
ljse arabic numerals for chapter and
verse numbers
(with
".otltt
Lt'*tt" them) and for numbered books'
taditional abbreviations:
N: 4.'1Thess. 4:11,5:2-5,5:1L'
Shorter abbreviations:
N: 5.2Sm11:1-17,11:26-27;1
Chr10:13-14
Sincebooksandnumberingdifferamongversionsofthescriptures'
identifytheversionyouaret'singi"yourfirstcitation'eitherwiththe
.pelled-out name or an accepted abbreviation
(see 24'6'4)'
N: 6. 2 Kinqs 11:B {New Revised Standard Versionl
7. 1 Cor.6:1-101NABJ.
For citations from the sacred works of other religious traditions' adapt the
general
Pattern
for biblical citations as appropriate
(see24'6'5)'
1?.5.3 Reference'Works
\Tell.known
reference works, such as major dictionaries and encyclope.
dias, should usually be cited only in notes' You generally need not in-
clude them in yo.r, bibliography,
although you may choose to include a
specific work that is critical to yot" argument or frequently cited' Within
the note' you may omit the facts of pubhcation' but you must specify the
edition
(ii not ttre first). For an alphabetically
arranged work such as an
encyclopedia, cite the item
(not the volume or
Page
number) preceded by
s.u.
(sub uerbo,
"under the word"; pl' s'uu')
N: 1. Encyctopaedta
Britannica,'1 5th ed
'
s v
"SaLvation '
2. Dictionary of American Biography' s v
"Wadsworth'
Jeremiah
"
For reference works that are less well known, include the publication
details in your notes, and list the work in your bibliography'
N:3'TheTimesauidetoEnglishStyleandlJsage,rev.ed,ILondon:TimesBooks,1999},
s.w. police ranks," postaI addresses
"
B:AuLestia,Gorka.EasqueEngtishDictionaryReno:UniversityofNevadaPress'1989
Online versions of encyclopedias
are regularly updated' so include
boththeURLandthedateyouaccessedthematerial(see15.4.1).Note
that some reference *o'k' *i11 indicate the appropriate
URL to cite for a
speciiic entry; use this rather than the less stable URL generated by search
engines.
192
CHAPTER
17
r::
-
lfillr${
r?.5.5
PamPhdor
l*;r: Pr@
sJLi-r'-Mru[
*g4lims;
6..-trSTd
!:,u
ggtrun
=;:r
aiw
-*qUPttrt"fr
ii r*ru
.:*
I rrrnnitr'
iI
lrl0
-
, -rmF
1t'5-T
$'{-tlcr'6
-"ne
mO
;.g-ir0rfu
:rr immfu
r",l ro
rllffi
}Lr;xtrilEs'
jfc
:tr 1t61t
\ iF
;rrf ;u
E
laLms
r4fi*
1?'s-s
cDl
Cboe
T-iM
BIBLIOGRAPHY
STYLE:
SPECIFIC
TYPES
OF SOURCES
N:l.EncyclopaediaBritannica\nline,s.u'.,Sibel'ius,Jean,''http://www.britannlca
.com/ebc/articte?tocld:9378608
[accessed
June 1' 2005]'
1?'5'4
Reviews
of books'
Performances' l"d.'o
forth may appear
in a variety
of periodical'
# il;il
"t"Aft
be cited only in a note'
You generally
need
not i""f"alrf,.li'a
yo,r, iibliog."phy,
although
yott_T"t
choose
to include
" 'p""'nt
""it*
ih"t is critical
to your argument
or frequently
tt"rl"r,,ot
the name
of the reviewer;
the words reaiew
o/ followed
by the
name of tf" *oJ-"t'iewed
and its author
(or composer'
director'
and so
fonh);
to""tiool"J
date
(in the case oi
"
pt'fo'*ance);
and finally
the
periodical
in which
the review
appeared'
N:T.RichardPTaub'reviewofRectaimingPublicHousing:AHalf-centuryofstruggle
inThreePublicNeighborhoods'bylawrenceJ
Vate'AmericanJournalofSocioLogy110'
no. 3 lNovembe
r 2001+l:797 '
l5 Chartes
f'tt**ooA
review
o{ Birdie Blue' by Cheryt L Wesi' directed
by Seret
Scott. Second
"tnt
fn"tt"r.
New York' NewYork
Tlmes' June 24'2005'
B: Kozinn,
Allan Review
of concert
performance
by Timothy
Fain lviotinl
and Steven
e"tk f
pitnot'"9;nO
ti*tt Y' New York' NewYork
rlmes' April' 21' 2000'
17.5.5 Abstracts
Abstractsofjournalarticles'conferenceproceedings'dissertations'and
so forth
may aPpear
along
with.
'ht-;;;f
being abltracted
or in special
publicationsd;;tltjourials).thatconsistenti;lyofabstracts'Ineither
case,abstrac;;;;;ii.."ailybe.i.;-""lyinanote.yougenerallyneed
not include
them
in your
bibliography,
aithough
you may choose to in-
clude
a
'p*'nt
-"U"'"ct
that is critical
to your argument
or frequently
ttTl"r"o.
the full citation
of the work being abstracted.
If the abstract
apPears
"J;"
;;;ork
itself'
-insert
the wJ'd ab't'ad
within
the cita-
tion, following
the title'
If the- abstract
aPpears
in a different
publication'
insertthe*oid,ob,t,octinfo||owing.r'.i"i.i"rcitation,andthencitethe
location
of the abstract'
N: 13' Joseph
Luders'
'The
Economics
of Movement
Success:
Business
Responses
toCivitRightsMobitization',.abstract'AmericanJourna[ofSociology111,no.4Uanu.
" i::::.]ff
^Lbin,
.,Nesotiatins
tnternationar
Cooperation:
Gtobar
Public
Goods and
Fairness,.,
Review
of lnternationalstudiesi'
t,u.,2003}:
365-85,
abstract
in Peace Re-
'earch
lo't'"'ii'
Lo'''"'t42'
publ" nr' 236625 [February
20051: 5
irl
T
ts,
j:nllrt
;
1?.5.t
ot
F.s
T"-
ADDITIONAL TYPES OF PUBLISHED
SOURCES
1?.5.6 Pamphlets and RePorts
Cite pamphl.,r,
Jo'po'"te reports'
-brochures'
and other freestanding
publications
as you *ot'ld
"
bi9\' If you lack data for some of the usual
.1.*.,',,,suchasauthorandpublisher,giveenoughotherinformationto
identifythedocument'Such'otttt'shouldusuallybecitedonlyinnotes'
You generally need not include them in your bibliography' although you
*"y-.hoo,.toincludeaspecificworkthatiscriticaltoyoufargumentor
frequentlY cited.
N:34.HazeLV.Ctark,Mesopotamia:BetweenTwoRiverslMesopotamia'0H:Endof
the Commons Generat Store, 19571'
35.TIAA-CREF,2a05AnnuatReport:CollegeRetirementEquitiesFundINewYork:
TIAA-CREF, 2005), 62.
17.5.? Microform
Editions
Citeworksthatyouhaveconsultedinmicroformeditions,includingdis.
sertations'"ryo.,"'ot'ldabook'(Fordissertationsconsultedinprintform
or online, see 17.6'1') Specify the form of publication
(fi1h;' microfilm'
andsoforth)afterthtfa"ttofpublication'Inanote'includealocatorif
possible. In the first example btlo*' the page number
(identified with the
abbreviation
p. for clarity) appears within the printed rext on the fiche;
the other numbers indicate ih. fi"h. and frame, and the letter indicates
the row
N:5.BeatriceFarwe[[,FrenchPoputarLithographiclmagery,vol.12,LithographyinArt
andCommerce[Chicago:Universityof
ChicagoPress'19951'text-fiche'p'67'3C12'
B:Tauber'Abraham.SpettingReforminthelJnitedStates.AnnArbor,Ml:University
Microfi[ms' 1
g58
Microfitm'
17.5.s CD-ROMs
or DVD-ROMs
Cite works published on CD- or DVD-ROM
as you would analogous
printed works, most often books'
N:11'CompleteNationalGeographic:ll0Yearsof.,NationalGeographic,,Magazine,
CD-ROM [MindscaPe,
2000)'
B:}xfordEngtishDictionary'2nded'CD-ROM'version2.0NewYork:OxfordUniversity
Press' 1 999'
193
!?.5.9 OnlineDatabases
Forcitationofjournalarticlespublishedinonlinedatabases,seelT.2.T.
Tocitedocumentsorrecordsfromothertypesofonlinedatabasesina
filli!||l1F
191+
CHAPTER
1 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY
STYLET
SPECIFIC
TYPES
OF 50URC:!
note,
give the author
and title of the document
(if available)'
the name
of the databa"
(i"
'o'i"i
tyft)'
tht URL' and the date you accessed
the
material.
In your
ot*;;il.1i:tf
list the database
as a whole'
with
the URL for the
-"it'
figt'""d
without
an access
date'
Note that a URL
alone
is not sufficient:;"i;t;;;""tlt
trt' full facts of publication'
as fat
as they can be dt'*;;;'-t"
tn"' a reader can search
for the source
even
if the URL tn"ngt'''ro'"il;;;"t
in online
databases'
see 17'6'l'
N:
1. Pl'iny the Etder'
The Natural
History'
ed John Bostock
and H T Ritey'
in the
Perseus
Digitat
Library'';t;;;;*-
o*teus
tufts edu/cgi-bin/ptext?tookup=P[in
+
Nat.+l.dedication
taccessed
March
31
'
2uu6l
B: Perseus
Digitat
Library'
http:i/www'perseus'tufts
edu/
:::,:::':ff:;:H:'
been
pubrished;an
be more
difficurt
ror readers
to locate
than
publish;i;;;t;
Ltt"t"t
they exist in only one place
and
i*t"m.,"r'*'*:1"15**l;J*i.,ffi
:;Tl,Ji:1:;':.':;.
peciallY imPortant
to t
;;t;as
much
helP
as
Possible'
Titles
of unp"bli'hti*o'ks
are given
in roman
type' enclosed
in quo-
tation
marks,
and not;tl,t;'A'?fot"'"t
difference
distinguishes
them
from
similar
U"t p"Ufi'itJ
*"*t'
Capitalize
titles headline
style'
Theses
andDissertations
---:^-
:-
^'int
fnrm. trr
If you consut,
^" ""plUtished
thesis or dissertation
in print form'
treat rt
as an unpubli'htd -":'"u';;;t
;;;j tht
"t"ho'
and tiile' list the kind of
thesis,
the academic
';;;tt;;i;'
and the date' Like the publication
data of
a book,
these
are t""ft"J
trr parentheses
in,a note but not in a bibliogra-
phy. Abbrevi
^"
ai'ii'l'n
^'
dl"' The word unpublished
is unnecessary'
N:
1. Karen
Leigh Cutcasi'
Cartographic
RePresentations
of Kurdistan
in the Prini
Media" [master's
thesis'
Syracuse
University'
2003]'
15'
B: Murphy,
PrisciLla
Coit
"What
a Book
Can Do: Silent Spring
and Media-Borne
Pubtic
Debate."PhDdisE''UniversityofNorthCaroLina'2000'
To cite a dissertation
consulted
in an o'nline
database'
add the name
of the databa,t,
trtt'u"ru-l;;;;
"ttt"
d"tt following
the institutional
information'
(For microform
editions'
see 17'5'7')
B: Murphy'
Priscilta
Coit
"What
a Book Can Do: Silent Spring
and Media-Borne
Pubtic
Debate'PhD
diss"
Ut'"""'tt
of North
CaroLina'
2000 ln ProQuest
Dissertations
1Wlf lfl
M
ileiu
mdb
&
ilr
xil
"ffirt
d
ts
ffir$
17.6.1
:.:.
SHED SOURCES
: ^eses, http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb? did:7 277 1 0781 &sid: 2&Fmt= 2&
.-: := i3392&ROT:309&VName:PQD {accessed Aprit 1, 2006).
*'.o
2 Le cturs and Papers Presented at Meetings
-1*:r rhe author and title of the speech or paper, list the sponsorship, loca-
::or. and date of the meering at which it was given. Enclose this informa-
:ron in parentheses in a note but not in a bibliography. The word unpub-
-.: ; i: e d is unnecessary.
\ :. John Troutman,
"lndian
Blues: American lndians and the Politics of Music,
'
:::-i 935 lLecture, Newberry Library, Chicago, lL, February 2, 2005).
-.
Karene Grad,
"When
High Cutture Was Popular CuLture" {paper presented at the
=-":at
meeting of the 0rganization of American Historians, Boston, M,A, March 26,
: ::41.
3: S<ccpoL, Theda.
"Voice
and lnequaLity: The Transformation of American Civic Democ-
racy. PresidentiaL address, annuai meeting of the American PoliiicaL Science As-
sociatron, PhiLadelphia, PA, August 28,2003.
17.6,3 Interviews and Personal Communications
Unpublished interviews (including those you have conducted yoursell)
should usually be cited only in notes. You generally need not include
them in your bibliography, although you may choose to include a specific
interview that is critical to your argument or frequently cited. Begin the
note with the names of the person interviewed and the interviewer; also
include the place and date of the interview (if known) and the location
of any tapes or transcripts (if available). Notice the form for a shortened
note, which differs from the usual pattern. (For broadcast interviews, see
17.8.3.)
N: 7. Andrew Macmittan, interview by author, San Diego, CA, March 2,2007.
14. BenjaminSpock, interviewbyMittonJ. E.Senn, November20, 1974, interview6T4,
transcript, Senn 0raL History Cottection, Nationat Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
17. Macmill.an, interview; Spock, interview.
If you cannot reveal the name of the person interviewed, cite it in a
form appropriate to the context. Expiain the absence of a name ('All in-
terviews were confidential; the names of interviewees are withheld by mu-
tual agreement") in a note or a preface.
N: i 0. lnterview with a heaLth care worker, August 1 0, 2006.
Cite conversations, letters, e-mail messages, and the like only in notes.
You generally need not include them in your bibliography, although you
may choose to include a specific communication that is critical to your
r95
il
t
r$
I
I
il'
iil
I
.T
t
I
I
l
i
i
!{
;
j
I
t
{
i
,1
t
!
r
ll]iilllllllf
BIBLI0GRAPHY
STYLE:
sPEClFlC
TYPES
0F S0URCES
196
CHAPTER
17
rrgumenr
or frequently
cttnffi;:;;J,t.
a...
of the
communication'
;;;."^,
the type
t::.
k.
"hle
ro use a parenthetical
note
(se.: tu,:::)"::
;"?;^,
the type
of communtcdrlolrl
arru
h.tical
note
(see t6.4'3)
or
ffiil;,,
vo,,
,,,"v
P: "Pl:j:
j::
i"til:",1.:'o-t,
.-."'r
addresses
i., *".,,
cases'
you
t"I
bt aDIe
LU ur! a
r*---
xt. omit
e-mail
addresses'
include
some
or all ot trrist:f"iilT:1Jnlj"t.t.r.
include
some
or arr v,L Ltr'" '.
--:r:-^
1i"..- see 17.7.3.
T;';;;;;;"gs
to electronic
mailing
lists'
see
eInn
su
tu
x&{
ffi
t
t
{
{
x
N:
2 Maxine
Greene'
e-mail
message
to author'
September
29
'2005'
ln a tetephone
conversation
with
the author
on October
12'2006'CoLonel'Wittiam
Rich
reveated
ihat ' '
17.6.t
Manuscript
ColleclJi:t"r,"",
of unpublished
manuscripts
involve
more
"'-'-
oo.uments
from
':tl:":l"l:i:#ffi;l,,*d
rorr".r.
ln
vour
citations'
complicated
and
varied
-elt*tnt:'y:P-H;"J*,
for-r,
the
elements
;;ff;t
much
identifving
informat'";,1,
i"Ut"dht"
"'
needed'
consistently'
and
adapt
the
general
patt
ELEMENT'
ro rNcLuDE
AND
THErR
onoen'.lf
possible'
t1t":fll:ftt:::tilti
date
or.^.h
i.:;
,;.';i.
;'
"l'
"l
d,"J:T:?::
iH,TTi,'l;n.
aurhor's
tion,
and
the
name
sf ths
depos.ttl;
""J."'*
tftE title
is more
impor-
nl*t'
if
"
document
has a title'but
n'
;
th""
the author'
list
the title
hrst'
N:
5' George
Cree[
to Cotonet
House'September
25' 1918'
Edward
M House
Papers'
Yal'e
University
Library'
New
Haven'
tt'--^,
,unut',
13' 1733'
PhiLtipps
Cottection
of
23' James
0gtethorpe
to the
llus:::-l'"
t"*t't
tiUtt'v'
Athens
[hereafter
cited
Egmont
M'nust'ipts'
14200:13'
Universtty
.
as fgmont
IaSS)
uary
26,1g23'Chartes
E' Merriam
Papers'
24'
Burton
to Merriam'
tetegram'
Jan
University
of chicago
Library'
rroving
the condition
of Free
Btacks'
Penn-
31. Minutes
of the
committ":^t:l
':::".t"::*" *"rrt."ia
societv
for the Abo-
svrva
ni a oo""']*
i"'' *'''
tto-'
t"'
t^1t"'iilJ
jn
:;il:::|ilLT"
""""
cited
a s
tition
of Stavery'
Historicat
Socieiy
of Pe
Minutes'
Pennsytvania
Societyl
' -^- 1937,
fite 35' Horace
Katten
Papers'
YlVO ln-
44 Memorandum
bY Atvin
Johnson'
stitute,
New
York'
^ uthern
lndian
District
of North
America"
[ca'
45 JosePh
Purce[t'
A MaP
of the so
17721'
MS
"i
^t"*t*ction'
Newberry
Library'
Chicago'
F o r sho rtened
notes'
"1 "r'l;;;1,:T::: :::l'ffi
tJ'::'i;1'll
to accommodate
the
available
in
unambiguouslY'
N:
46' R' 5' Bakerto
House'
November
1' 1919'
House
Papers'
o'
"'"'i*'
Oo'"
''u"'ttu' Pennsylvania
Society'
&
BIBLIOG-^ttt
ttttt'
tttt'
198
CHAPTER
1 7
the
wo rd I e n e r' whtch,i
s, unda
s t11l
lr:t"fil;*' rhe word
Letter'
wttt"",;;;;;*,
memorandum).
tion,
sPecifY
the ryPe
(t(
forms
of comn:*
, n r o r m a uy
p
u b rt s
l
e-lEal
i,:
iiJ;:r.::,1;i:n:
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r
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Material
rhat^is
inrormat'ii,ir-*,r.,or,
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r,"na"'a
ftt:'"ll::,
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of publication'
vou
must
tt'll
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determ
i ne
f'1,.'
d;
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.i,xio"'
; :i ff
[il*:,t"i.l
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:.
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ot:":'l';
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rn.u,nl:il:,15::::'ffi:l;J*n"""'
" 'o""e
is and
::'
sulted
it1 a complete.o';...rJl;,r..
15.4.1).
date
on
which You
las
17'7'1
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co nte nt From
o n I ine'o
*"-ll
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:til
::ff
;i
filiJ:
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i*t"it"tt
much
of the
following
"llliri"tt'r';; ;;".,
of the
site
(in ro-
roman
type'
enclosed
in quotation
marl
I,";;t;i'
URL'
and
access
date'
.,r..-^.,.jn pubric Libra.v
strai:-
N:
rrr Evansion
pubtic Librarv
?"^'11-"1^:':;;,*"rrii,.
t,orar-v'
http://www
er
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9't
oiun
'000-2010:
A Decade
cf 0uti-eacn'
J'lune
l
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zuosl'
.c,rg/libraryi
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laccesse
,._ .^__,^n
prrblic Library
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plar'
B: Evarrston
prbt;c Librarv
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of rrrrstees
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of the
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author' t*":
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N:
19
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riteo States''
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bahai
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lac:essed
-;:::
::"'"t3::"':,'il;lliii"Xi:::';
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Fecerai
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5c;ent;sts.,;;i.,!-.l"ur"r"I.r"u.hrmt
ia
Pl'ates
and
Headlrnes"
http:/iwww
fas ort
2005i.
^
L:.;tr.;rh hito,i/wwrry.e6fr3r't's/
B:
The BahA
is of ihe
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Faith
hitp
;::,:.il;;r;1*':il::;iffi'jl*:u'i:;:'*n
as
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sonal
home
p"ga,
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sires'
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riwww.iaconi.arumnr.oi-grr955
N:
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:-:::S IN THE VISUAL AND PERFORMING
ARTS
199
1"
.LaC:i
^ell
in
:iudo
-RL
eies!
con-
I the
-^t^
!d\.
: ,in
I fo-
*
",:
"ilieblog
Entries and Comments
l-' cire an enrry posted on a \Teblog (or
blog) by the aurhor of the site,
:':,]o*'the
basic partern for
rveb
sites. Include the authort name and the
iare of the posting. such items shourd usually be cited o.rf i., a nore.
iou generally need not include them in your bibliogr"phy,
"ltho,rgh
you
nar' choose to include a specific irem that is criticalio yo.r,
"rgrr-.r,
o,
riequently cited.
\; T Gary Becker,
"The
New American Ditemma: rtiegaL lmmigration,,,
The Becker-
r:sner
Blog, entry posted March 6, 2006, http:llwww.becker_posner-blog.com/
=
-
c\iv esl 200 6 103/the-new_ame rica.htm [ [a ccessed Ma rch 28, 2006].
To cite a commenr posted on a weblog by someone other than the
author of the site, foilow the basic pattern r* w.utog entries. Identify the
material as a comment, and include the date *h.., tf,. commenr (not
the
entry itself) was posted. If the comment authort name is incomprete
or a
pseudonym,
add pseud. in brackets after the posted name.
N: B Peter
pearson,
comment on
"The
New American DiLemma: ILLegat rmmigra-
tion," The Becker_posner
Blog, comment posted
March 6, ZOOA, nttp,//*ww.becker-
posner-blog.com/archives/2006/03/the_new_america.htmt#c080052
Iaccessed
March 28,20061.
1 1 . BiLtIpseud.], com ment on
"The
NewAmerican
Dilemma: il.rega ilm m ig ration,,,
The Becker-posner
BLog, comment posted March 10,20a6, http,//www.becker-
posner-biog.com/archives/2006/03/the_new*america.htmr#c080149
{accessed
March 28,20061.
17.7.3 Electronic Mailing Lists
To cite material from an electronic mairing list, include
the name of the
author, the name of the list, and the date oi the posting.
omit e-mair ad-
dresses. If the material is archived, also include th. uRi and the date you
accessed the material. such items should usuaily be cited only in a note.
You generally need not include them in yo,r. bitliog.aphy,
,lthough you
may choose to include a specific item that is criticaio your argumenr or
frequently cited.
N: 17. John
powelL,
e-maiI to Grapevine mail.ing tist, October 30,2004, http://www
.eLectriceditcrs.net/grapevine/jssues/B3.txt
{accessed October 1Z,ZA0S}.
fi[!
Sources in the Visuat and
performing
Arts
The visual and performing arts generare a variety of sources, including
visual images, live performances,
broadcasts, recordings in various media,
CHAPTER
1 7 B r B L I o G RA P HY sll L ri-1I591F
t cTljjll
and rexrs.
citing
some
of these sotirces
can bl
itT::litt"i,:::1. and texts'
Lttlns
sutrtc
vr
"--:;:::^-*^t
to oublished
sources
l:- - -
,t*'
.t iCenriding
lnformarlon ::::":
j";',-rar
rhe elemenr. -.
-
lyPes
or lcitrrtrlJlrrb
:^':"r-"ra"
as you
can, fornrat
the elements
;;:
as muclr
identifying
int
i
.
) L^-^.. .o""1er.1.
l.
"ff:lffi:;l
t'-
;il
p.',*
",
.", r:::i.::
T :" il;:i::;
tl% ano aclaPl
r*r
' in this section
o:
Yo., ul-ould-cite
most o[ the source'.
t*::::-
*^-. {Jnless othe You shoulo
cltc rirulL:l
-"^;^:-:;"
into vour text'
unless
othel
,1o*
o, by weaving
the key elements,t"::
-ti.-^-"
in rrnrrr bibiioer,
'-
.
::.1
::::: :;.Y-li:'
"'
f
"'
o ;i' ; ;;ilE
:T:: ;:,
- -
J;" f ::,?J,'.:i :;'
'
ili. i;
;1,
"11
ffi
l;::::
; ; ;.i;;;
;
"-'-.,
i: ; : T . ljl,l,liTi'.'-
;l'
alrhough
you Jray Lrruu
rcr
a course
i6 thg ari:
.'
*rg.'*I*.o,
iiequenriv
cired'
If
t:l:
3:T:::1,,,.,.r.
;;s.t,Ji;r,
o,
" 'i*il"
field' consuit
your
insrructor'
. |
',ri:,r'1: '-
:'::
Cite
Painttn:
'#:f
;;:i:ff :,ili"il;;i;h;"'*"'i'""1-*'^',".i::"'.T1,'j.;;':;:
narne
of'the
artist'
tne rlLrc ur Lrr! !!r'"--
rme of the institution
th;
:ffi;r
;;" fcirca)'$,approximate)" "i1^;::-:',*"
tirres of oaintings
ar.L
ceded
b} {a". lctrctll.
rr,duv{v/:" "*--
rhe ritles ot- paintings
atr-'
i'our.,
ir
(if any)
including
location'
llajt:!z:..
-^'-.n r'ne. enciosed
i
houses
ir
(if
any)
includtng
luld(tv'r''"*"' -
roman
type.
enciosed
i.
:.;;;;t.'"
but
'et
the titles
oF photographs
tn
quotation
marks'
Iti-'r
"-:..ilr:-:,-':
,:ti' "lt
ri-:'i r'1r-l i:
i
i.nstead
of using
a note' you can^sornetirne
s cite artrvorks
by weaving
the eiemenis
lnto your ;' il;t
of the elements
can appear
in parenthe-
sesr even
if thev At
'-'ttl"ii"*
the fc'rrn
for parenthetii"l
''o"'
described
rn \6.4.J.
,.: :.t a,: :', ''_:'
:l' l: :r'
'll
i"'r
: rl"'i
'i:i
lll'1 _''' ;'1
i | :'t;::
'':l:i"';1
l"i l: :r'
:.i ; :'i,-"i
ii: l l.
{f vou
vierved
the artwork
in a publishecl
source
and your
local guide-
'
':ntitv
this source'
give
the publication
information
lirres
reqi-lirc
you
ro
]ot'"
' , , .-ion-
For online
images,
see
l" pft..
clr the in'iirurional
rrame
and tocail
i-.8.6.
:r,i: ... ':1;1:i..;.;; ,-1,;,:.il; '
':r''
i irii'
'
:t r'::::l 1:::l
j.l:'ili :.'
''
i"'"''::r")r::' YOU may
need tO
as print
aclverlisements'
maps')
cartoons'
cite olher
graPhic
sources'
such
and so forih'
Cite such
iterns
201
1-
!
.ir
-
1e
.aI
LU
tn
:::S
IN THE VISUAL AND PERFORMING ARTS
-:--,-
in notes, adapting the basic patterns for artworks and giving as much
:lrcfmarion as possible. Give the titles in roman type, enclosed in quota-
::on marks, and identify the type of graphic if it is unclear from the title.
For online graphics, see 17.8.6.
'r
'2.
Naiional Center for Family Literacy,
"Because
I Can Read," advertisement,
::.:.:ic
lvlonthly, ApriL 2006, 59.
.
T 8.2 Live Performances
THEATER, Muslc, AND DANCE. Cite live theatrical, musical, or dance perfor-
mances only in notes. Include the title of the work performed, the names
of any key performers and an indication of their roles, the venue and its
location, and the date. Italicize the titles of plays and long musical compo-
sitions, but set the titles of shorter works in roman type, enclosed in quo-
tarion marks. If the citation is focused on an individual's performance,
list that person's name before the title of the work.
N: 14. Birdie BLue, by Cheryt L. West, directed by Seret Scott, Second Stage Theater,
NewYork, June22,2005.
16. Yuja Wang, pianist,
"La
VaLse," by Maurice Ravel,Orchestra Halt, Chicago,
March 26, 2006.
Instead of using a note, you can sometimes cite live performances by
weaving the elements into your text. Some of the elements can appear in
parentheses, even if they do not follow the form for parenthetical notes
described in 15.4.3.
Yuja Wang's performance of Maurice Ravel's
"La
Valse" iMarch 26,2006, at Orchestra
HaLL, Chicago) demonstrated her understanding . . .
If you viewed or listened to a live performance in a recorded medium,
cite the recording. For sound recordings, see 17.8.4; for video recordings,
see 17.8.5; for online files, see 17.8.6.
MovtEs" If you viewed a movie in a theater, cite it similarly to a live per-
formance in a note or by weaving the elements into your text. (For mov-
ies viewed as video recordings, see 17.8.5; for movies viewed online, see
17.8.6.) Include the title of the movie (in italics), the director, the name of
the production company or distributor, and the year in which the movie
was released. Ifrelevant, describe the scene you are citing.
*'
,..l".turrte,
directed by Bennett Mit[er, Sony Pictures CLassics, 2005, opening
NG
ed
t.,
on
iee
ch
ms
202
CHAPTER 17
1?,8,3 Television
Prograrns
and Other Broadcast
Sources
PRsGRA,MS.
Cit. ttitt'i'ion
programs'
radio programs'.and
other broac'-"'
sources only in
"ott''
L'"lttdl at least the title of the program
ani -:''
date on which you watched or listened to it' You may also inclucie ::''
episode title and number
(if available),
the names of any key pertbri:''-
(ifrelevant to your discussion)'
the broadcast
venue' and the date ofor::
-
nal broadcast 1if
dlfftrent
from the date you watched or listened to ':
Italicizethetitlesofprograms,butsetthetitlesofepisodesorsegments-:.
roman type, enclosed
in quotation
marks'
N: l6. Seinfeld,
"The
Opposiie,''
episode 36' Sepiember
22' 20A5 {originall-v
:
-=:
MaY 19, 1991*)'
73 All1"hlngs
Canstdered'
NPR' Aprii' 20'7405
Instead
of using a note' you can often cite such programs
by weavin:
the key elements
into your text' especrally
if some or ail of the additiona-
elements
are not available
or relevant to the citation'
TheSelnfeldepisodetitLed..The0ppcsite''{airedSeptember22.2005]perfectlyiL-
lustraies this siorY structure
If you viewed or listened to a broadcast
program
in a^recorded
medium'
cite the ,...,d;;;'
For video
"totdi"g"
see 17'8'5; for online files' see
17.8.6.
lNTERVIEWs.Citebroadcastintelviewsonlyinnotesorbyweavingtheel.
ements
into your text' Treat the person interviewed
as the author' and
identifytheinterviewerinthecontextofthecitation.Alsoincludethe
forumanddateofthebroadcast.Forunpublishedinterviews,seelT.6.3.
N: l0 Condo[eezza
Rice' interview by
jim
Lehrer' News Hour' PBS' iuty 2B' 2005
ADVERT''EMENTs.
Cire broadcast
advertisements
only in notes or by weav-
ing the elements
into your text' Give as much information
as possible'
N:'iB.FederaLExpress"'Cai'eman"advertisement'alreciouringsuperBowlXL'Febru-
arY 5,2006'
17.8"4 SoundRecordings
If you listeneJ to-"
-t"it"l
or spoken performance
on.a sound recording'
cite the ,..oJ*g'
iikt pt'bti'ntd
*o'k'' such recordings
generally
have
stable and
-"rrir.
identlfying
information
and should be listed in your
bibliograPhY'
List recordings
either under the title of the recording
or under the
:_..
\ rHE VTSUAL AND
pERF0RN4ING
ARTS
:-:":ri oirhe composer or performer,
depending on which is more rerevant
ii
-'-1's1
discussion. Include as much information
about the record.ing
as
,
:, .an to distinguish it from similar recordings,
including
th. ,r"_. of
-,::-
recording
companyJ the identifying .ru-b.."of
,h. r..oftirrg,
,t. _._
:-:.:m. and the copyright
date or date of production (or
both). ,ibbreviate
::n:ttlct disc as cD.
'"
Tne Fireside Treasury of Fork songs, voi. r, orchestra and chorus dir Mitch
'.'
:', Golden Record A198:17A_8, 33 rpm,197Z.
'-
Ludwig van Beethoven,
piano
sonata no. 2g
"Hammerkravier,.
RudoLf serkin,
r-:;-re
Digitat CDD 270,
j992.
: -:erson,
Doug. Frostwork OAR 1 001, Dolby HX
pRO.
Audjocassette.
2001.
f::rstein, Leonard, dir. symphony no. s, by Dmitri shostakovich.
New
york phithar_
monic. CBS tM 35854. i985.
recordings
ofdrama, prose or poetry readings, lectures,
and the
like as you would musical recordings.
-
N; 6. Dytan Thomas, IJnder
Mitkwood, performed
by Dyran Thomas and others, caed_
:non
TC_2005
{audiocassetteJ, CDLS_200b
tCDl, 19S0.
B: Auden, W. H.
poems.
Read by the author. Spoken Arts 7j37. CD. i95S.
17.8.5 Video Recordings
Ifyou viewed a live performance,
a movie, or a television
program or other
broadcast source o.n a video re_cording,
cite the recordinj.
i?i. publirh.d
works, such recordings
generaily have stable and availabTe identifying
in-
formation
and should be listed in your bibliography.
citations of video
.recordings
generalry rotto* ,t. patrern for books,
with the addition of the medium
ivHs, DVD). Not. th"t in the second
example, the citation is to material original to the 2001 edition, so the
original release date of the film is omitted.
N: 7. George Frederic Hander, Messiah, VHS, Attanta symphony
'rchestra
and cham-
ber chorus, conducted by Robert shaw IBatavia,0H: video Treasures, 1gBBj.
B: cleese, John, Terry Gittjam, Erjc Idie, Terry Jones, and Michaer
parin.
.,commentar-
ies
"
Disc z. Monty
python
and the Hoty Grair, speciaI ed. DVD. Drrected by Terry
GiIliam and Terry Jones. CuLver City, CA: Columbia TriStar Home Entertainment,
2001.
17.8.6 Online Multimedia Files
If you viewed an image, a live performance,
a movie, or a terevision
pro,
gram or other broadcasr source onrine (including
podcasts),
cite the on_
203
:re$t
-:_
_
j
-le
1'{S
;J
:r
;ir
no
u-[
:l-
rd
te
m-
I
.r
204
CHAPTER
17 BIBLIOGRAPHY
STYLE:
SPECIFIC
TYPES OF S0URCES
line file. Like published
works' online
muldmedia
files generally
have
stable
and
"l,"il"blt
idtntifying
information
and should be included
in
your bibliograPhY'
Follow
the citation
principles
for the relevant
type of-source
described
above. Some .1.-*,r,'r.r.h
"s
file dates, may be difficult
to identif)"
but
provide
as much information
as you can' ln addition'
Iist the title of the
online
site, the type of file' and
(in notes' if relevant)
the time at which
the cited material
;;;;;;ht
filt' ttttt"dt
the URL and an access date'
Note that
"
uni'ilote
is not sufRcient;
you must provide
additional
information
" 't'"'
" ""der
can se"'ch
for the source even if the URL
changes'
If a file f"tft'
""
individual
URL
(as in the second
example
be-
Iow), .ite the site as a whole'
N:
12. BBC,
"Btair
Announces
New Africa Panet"' BBC News Web site' Windows
Me-
diaPtayervideofile'3:43'htip://newsbbccouk/notavconsote/ifs-news/hr/
newsid-5110000/newsid_5119200/nb_wm-5119262.stm[accessedJune27,2006}.
18. Wol,fgang
nmaOeus
Mozart'
"AlLegro
Moderato'''
Piano Sonata no' l0 in C Maior
[1778],
Kunst O.t t'nt'
"'Of
tlt"' t
'OZ'
http;//www
kunstderfuge'com/mozart
htm
[accessed
November
19' 2005)
B: BBC.
'Blair
Announces
New Africa Panet
"
BBC News Web site- Windows
Media
Ptayervideofi[e
trtip'//news
OUc'co uk/notavconsole/ifs-news/hi/newsid
51 10000/
newsid-S1
1 9200/n'b-wm-51
1 9262'stm [accessed
June 27' 2006]'
Mozart,WoLfgangAmadeus"'ALLegroModerato"'PianoSonatano'l0inCMaior'1778'
KunstderFuge.MlDlfite.http://www.kunstderfuge.com/mozart.htmtaccessed
November
19,2005)'
1?.8'7 Texts in the Visual and Performing
Arts
ART EXHIBITIoN
cATALoGs'
Cite an art exhibition
catalog
as you would a
book. in,ht
bil;t;;"phy
entry only' include
the namcand
location(s)
of
the exhibition
following
the publication
data'
N:
6'JudithA
Barter' ed"MaryCassatt:ModernWomanlChicago:Artlnstituteof
Chi-
cago' in association
wiih Harry N Abrams'
19981' 5'
B: Barter, Judith A., ed. Marycassatt;
Modern woman chicago:
Art lnstiiute
of chicago'
in association
with Harry N. Abrams, 1g9g.
pubiished in con.iunction
with ihe exhi-
bition
"Mary
Cassatt:
Modern Woman" shown at the Boston Museum
of Fine Arts'
the Nationat
Gattery
in Washington'
DC' and the Art lnstitute
of Chicago'
PLAYs.
In some cases' you can cite well-known
EnglishJanguage
plays in
notes only.
(See also i'S't'l'omit
publication
data' and cite passages
by
actandscene(orotherdivision)insteadofbypagenumber.
N: 22. Eugene 0 Neitt' Long Day's Journeyinto
Night'act2'scene
I'
'allh-
ha',':
;lu'de'l r-
describe*
nrit-r-. bu:
de or rh.
at u-hic::
cess dare.
ddirional
&e LRl-
-mP'le be-
l::.,.
.=a-:.at=
r,'.s !lecita
;1i ^inn/
=
t: 17'74
x-ouid a
ion(s) of
:
lrrcago,
:-e exhi-
:
-^
A-.^
plavs in
sages by
:::,MENT5
205
--
---:;rr
paper is in literary studies or another field concerned with close
;:;;i:s oirexrs, or if you are citing a translation or an obscurework, cite
:r'::T
l;a]-as
you would a book, and include it in your bibliography. Cite
:;i:;:s-s either by division or by page, according ro your local guidelines.
:: :- I Bagnotd, The Chalk Garden {New
york:
Random House, 1 953J,
g-9.
----.^ Jean. Becket, orthe Honor ofGod. Translated by Lucienne Hitt. Newyork:
:
,:.read Books, 1996.
*
-s
cAL scoREs. Cite a published musical score as you would a book.
'.
Siuseppe Verdi, /l corsaro lmelodramma tragico in three actsl, tibretto by Fran-
:=s:: Maria Piave, ed- ELizabeth Hudson, 2 vots., The Works of Giuseppe Verdi, ser. i,
-::-as IChicago: University of Chicago Press; MiLan: G. Ricordi,
'1
999].
\'.zart,
wolfgang Amadeus. Sonatas and Fantasies for the
piano. prepared
from the
autographs and earliest printed sources by Nathan Broder. Rev. ed. Bryn Mawr,
PA: Theodore Presser, 1960.
Cite an unpublished score as you would unpublished material in man-
uscript collections.
2. Ratph Shapey,
"Partita
forVioLin and Thirteen
players,"
score,1966, Special
Cotlections, Joseph Regenstein Library, University of Chicago.
@
euutic Documents
Public documents include a wide array of sources produced by govern-
ments at all levels throughout rhe world. This section presents basic prin-
ciples for some common rypes of public documents availabre in English; if
you need to cite other types, adapt the closest model.
Such documents involve more complicated and varied elements rhan
published sources. In your citations, include as much identifying infor-
mation as you can, formar the elements consistently, and adapt the gen-
eral patterns outlined here as needed.
The bulk of this secrion is concerned with documents published by
U.S. governmental bodies and agencies. For documents published by the
governmenrs of canada and the united Kingdom and by international
bodies, see 17.9.9-17.9.11. For unpublished government documenrs, see
17.9.12.
17.9.1 Elements to Include, Their Order, and How to Format Them
In your citarions, include as many of the following elements as you can:
206
CHAPTER 1 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY
STYLEI SPECIFIC
TYPES OF SOURC!:
Fr I
lrql
(
r name of the government
(country' state' city' county'
or other division
and governm.*;ilt;;islative
body' executive
department'
court
bu-
reau, board' commlsion'
"o'
torn"tittte)
that issued the document
r title, if any, of the iott'*tt"
or collection
(generally italicized)
r
""-. "i
t"aividual
author'
editor' or compiler'
if given
: ;;.t,
number
or other
identifying
information
r facts of publicatio;;;i""t
ofp''Util"tion
and publishers
name' if different
from the issuing
U()aiti"t
alipublications
of the U'S' federal government'
covered
in 17.92li'9'4'
use-Vashington'
DC' and Gouernment
Printing
Ofice,
respectively);
date of publication
t pig. ,ttrr,,tt"
or other locators'
if relevant
In general,
Iist the relevant
elements
in the order given above'
Excep-
tions for certain
types of documents
are explained
in the following
sec-
tions of 17'9.
N:l.senateCommitteeonForeignRelations'TheMutua]SecurrtyActoflg56'BLIF
Cong.,2d
sess', 1955' S Rep 2273' 9-10'
B: U.S. CongresesenateCommittee
on Foreign Relations'
The Mutual Security
Act of
1956.8l+thCong
'
2d sess
'
1956 S Rep 2273'
Note that some
shortened
forms and abbreviations
used in citing public
documentsaredifferentfromthoseusedelsewhere,suchas2d'insteadof
2nd. and 3d.
instead.
of 3rd..
other examples
are noted in the relevant
sec-
tions of 17.9'
17,9'2
Congressional
Publications
For congress,"J";;i;";ions'
bibliography
entries
usually
begin
with
the designatiot
fflS' Congress'
followed
by Senate
ot House'-(You
may
also simplify
tf i' to U-S'
'senateor
[lS' iou"')
In notes' U'S' is usually
omitted.
O'f"'
""--ot'
tlt-t"t'
include committee
and subcommittee'
if any; title of a"*-t"t'
number
of the Congress
and session
(abbrevi-
ated Cong'""d;;;'
;';;"t-i"irl
in this
positiori); date of publication;
and
number
and description
of the do..,*.,'.
(for example,
H. Doc. 487), if
available'
DEBATEs.
Since
1873' congressional
debates
have been published
by the
government
'n-Jh/."'Congi"'ional
Record
(in notes' often abbreviated
as
Cong. Rec')'\(h;;J;;";"iutt'
titt the permanent
volumes'
which often
reflect changt'
f'o* tht d"ily issues ofthe Record"
N: 16 Cong'Rec
'
71st Cong
'
2d sess
'
1930' 72' pt 10:10828-30'
B: U.S. Congre ss' Congressional
Record Tlst Cong' 2d sess'
1930 V01" 72' pt 10'
'rd
-::,VENTS
207
-c-tt,
r!t- -
se:
: --
:: :j
birc
J _i
lut
, :,:_.ionally you may need to identify a speaker in a debate, the sub_
i:-: .:-i a date in a note.
',u
- :=-:::- (ennedy
of Massachusetts, speaking for the Joint Resolution on Nu_
:'' .:::'s Freeze and Reductions, on March 10, 1g82, to the committee on For-
. :-
::
:: :rs, S.i. Res. 163,97th Cong., 1st sess., Cong. Rec.128, pt.3: 3g32.3/4.
3=rbre 1874, congressionar
debates were published, in Annars of the
-:":7e:s
of the united States (also
known by other names and covering
::r:-.'ears 1789-1824),
congressional Debates (1924-37),
and, congressional
:":it ir833J3).
cite these works similarly to the congressional'Record.
::::RTS
AND DOCUMENTS.
rx/hen
you cite reporrs and documents of the
].nare (abbreviated
s.) and the House (1L),
include both the congress
a:id session numbers and, if possible, the series number. Notice the form
l'rr a shortened note, which differs from the usuar pattern (see 16.4.1).
rir r.
senate committee on Foreign Rerations, The Mutuat security Act af r?s6, BLth
,:^9,2d sess., 1956, S. Rep.2273,9_10.
i4.DeclarattonsoiastateofwarwithJapan,Germany,andrtaty,77thcong.,1st
::ss.,'1941, S. Doc. 148, seriat 10575,2_5,
15. Senate Committee, MutuaL Security Act,
g.
22. Reorganization of the Federar Judiciary, 75th ccng., 1 st sess., 1937, s. Rep. 71
.1.
B:
'J
S Congress. House. Report of Activities of the Nationa{ Advisory Cauncil on lnterna-
tianaL Monetary and FinanciaL
problems
to March 3r, rg47. B0th cong., 1st sess.,
19{+7. H. Doc. 365.
HEAR,NG'
Records of testimony given before congressional
committees
are usually published wirh titles, which should be included
in citations.
List the relevant committee as aurhor. Notice the form for a shortened
note, which differs from the usual patrern (see
16.4.1).
N; l3 House committee on Banking and currency, Bretton woods Agreements Act:
Hearrngs on H.R.3314,79th
Cong., 1st sess., 1g48.1Z-1/4.
14. House Committee, BrettonWoods, 13.
B: U.s. congress, senate. committee on Foreign Relations. Famine in Africa: Hearing be-
fore the committee on Foreign ReLations.
ggth
cong., 1st sess., January i7, 1gg5.
BrLLs AND REs'LUTroNs.
congressional bills (proposed
laws) and resolu-
rions are published in pamphlet form. In cirarions, bilrs and resolutions
originating in the House of Representatives are abbreviated I1R and those
originating in the Senate, .L lnclude publication details in the congres-
sional Record (if available).
irh
ta\-
.1lv
1-i-
nd
if
he
a5
:n
CHAPTER 17 BIBLIOGRAPHY STYLE: SPECIFIC TYPES OF SOURCES
l6.FoodSecurityActof
t9B5HR2100,99thCong.,',1stsess.,congressionalRecot'c
131, no. 132, daity ed. [0ctober
8, 1985): H 846'1'
U.S. Congress. House. Food Security Act of 1985' HR 2100' 99th Cong" 1st sess Con-
gressionalRecordl3l,no'132,daiLyed'lOctober8,19B5]:H8353-8486'
STATUTES. Statutes, which are bills or fesolutions that have been passed
into law, are first published separately and then collected in the annual
bound volumes of the United Stot^ Srotuttt at Large, which began pub-
lication in 1874. Later they are incorporated into the [Jnited states code'
cite us. statutes, the {1.9. code, or both; cite specific provisions by sec-
tion(precededbyasectionsymbolandaspace)afid,i^statutes,bypage.
cite statutes in notes only; you do not need to include them in your
bibliography.
Notice the form for a shortened note, which differs from the
usual pattern Gee
16.4.1).
N: 18.Atomic EnergyActof 1946, Pubtic Law 585,79th Cong.,2d sess. lAugust
1,
19461, 12, 19.
19, Telecommunications
Act of 1?96, Public Law 1 04.1 04, U.S. Statutes at Large 110
{1996}:56
25.NationatEnvironmentatPolicyActoflg6?,PublicLaw91-190,$102'U.5'Staf.
utes at Large 83 [1970J, 853, codified at U 5' Code 42 {2000J' 0
4332'
27. National, Environmental Poticy Act,
Q
103
Before 1874, laws were published in the seventeen-volume
statffies at
Large of the
(Jnited
Statesif Amerlca, 1789-1873. Citations to this collec-
rio; in;lude the volume number and its publication date'
17.9.3 Presidential Publications
Presidential proclamations, executive orders, vetoes, addresses, and the
like are p,rbiirh.d in the Weehly Compi.lation of Presidential Documents
and in Pubtic Papers of the Praid.ents of the Llni.ted states. Ptoclamations
and executiv. ori.r,
"i. "l.o
carried in the daily Federal Register andthen
publishedintitle3oftheCodeofFederalRegulations.oncetheyhave
been published in the Code, use that as your source'
N: 2.
president, proclamation,
'Caribbean
Basin Economic Recovery Act' Proclama-
tion 5142, Amending Proclamation 5133',' Federat Register 49, no. 2 Uanuary
lr,198L|.
J4L
21. Executive order no. 11,609, Code of Federal Regulations, title 3' p' 586
11e71-75],.
B: U'S. President' Proc[amation.
,.Caribbean
Basin Economic Recovery Act, Proclama-
tion 5142, Amending ProcLamation 5133." Federat Register 49, no.2 uanuary
4,
1981+l:341 .
N:
B:
il&
m
ffiia
tT.
:::-\,:NTS 209
.:: :*b,ic papers of U.S. presidents are collected in two multivolume
'r1
1-;; i;r,;pilation of the Messages and Papers of the Praidents, 1789-1892
-::
--:
s';bsequent administrations, Public Papers of the Presidents of the
- ".;:.; S;arc:. Notice the form for a shortened note, which differs from
:-:.:
-.:-il
pattern
Gee
16.4.1).
r!'
-
-
-,:e 14rscellaneous Document no. 210, 53d Cong., 2d sess., in Compilatron of
:
-
I
-
3:'.,ar-nment Printing Office,
'19071,
4:16.
- -
----se Misc. Doc. no. 210, 17.
i - : : .:- -erbert. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Herbert Haover,
' :
-'
-33. 4 vols. Washingto n, DC: Govern ment Printing AIfice, 19 ,a 4-77 .
irrri
!
f, Publications of Government Departments and Agencies
l:,::cutive departments, bureaus, and agencies issue reports, bulletins, cir-
;:iars, and other materials. Include the name of an identified author after
L1e ritle.
f{.
30. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Report of the Secretary of the Treasury Trans-
- :.,ng a Report from the Register of the Treasury of the Commerce and Navigation of
:^:UnitedStatesfortheYearEndingthe30thofJune,lB50,3lstCong.,2dsess.,House
irecutive Document B IWashington, DC, 1850-51].
B: :.S. Department of the lnterior. MineraIs Management Service. An 0ilspilt Risk Anaty-
sts for the Centrat Gutf
(April
1984) and Western GuLf of Mexico Uul.y 1984, by Robert
P. LaBelte. 0pen-fiLe report, U.S. GeoLogicaL Survey. Denver, 1 984.
U.S. Bureau of the Census. Median Gross Rent by Counties of the United States, 1770.
Prepared by the Geography Division in cooperation with the Housing Division, Bu-
reau of the Census" Washington, DC: Government Printing 0ffice, 1975.
Cite bulletins, circulars, reports, and study papers issued by govern-
ment commissions such as the Federal Communications Commission or
the Securities and Exchange Commission much like legislative reports.
They are often classified as House (F4 ot Senate (S) documents.
N: 32. Senate, Report of the Federa[ Trade Commission on Uti[ity Corporations, T}lh
Cong., 1st sess., 1935, S. Doc.91, pt.71A.
B: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Annuat Report of the Securities and Ex-
change Commission for the FiscaL Year Washington, DC: Government Printing 0f-
fice, 1 983.
17.9.5 U.S. Constitution
The U.S. Constitution should be cited only in notes; you need not include
it in your bibliography. Include the article or amendment, section, and, if
trejs-i.
---.--t
u1uil
'-' r
*'
r: Coal:
.*.----
J! \-!_
n
Fage'
:lt rour
om the
:':e
"
l
: a.--
tatc) 4t
coliec-
nd the
aments
rations
,d then
r- have
-
1,9841:
:. 586
'-ary
4,
CHAPTER 17 BIBLI0GRAPHY STYLE: SPECIFIC TYPES 0F
relevanr, clause. Use arabic numerals and, if you prefer, abbreviations !w.
terms such as amendment and section.
N: 32. U.S. Constitution, art. 2, sec. 1
'
cl' 3'
33. U.S. Constitution, amend. 1/+, sec 2
In many cases, you can use a parenthetical note
(see 15'4'3) or e\-en
include the identifying information in your text' Spell out the names oi
parts in text. Capiialize the names of specific amendments when used in'
place of numbers.
The U.S. Constitution, in articLe 1, section 9, forbids suspension of the writ
"unless
wheninCasesofRebeLLionorlnvasionthepubticSafetymayrequireit.,'
The First Amendment
protects the right of f ree speech'
17.9.6 Treaties
The texts of treaties signed before 1949 are published in United States
Statutes at Large; the unofficial citation is to the Treaty Series or the Ex-
ecutiae Agreernent Series. Those signed in 1949 or later aPpear in united
States Tieaties and Other International Agreements
(UST 1950-), or Tiea-
ties and. Other International Acts Series
(TIAS, 1946-). teaties involving
more rhan two nations may be found in the united Nations TreatY series:
Treaties and International Agreernents Registered or Filed or Recorded with
the secretariat of the
(Jnited
Nations ot, ftom 1920 to 7946, in the League
of Nations TreatY Series.
Put titles of treaties in roman type, enclosed in quotation marks' Itali-
cize the names of the publications, even if they are multivolume works or
series. An exact date indicates the date of signing and is therefore prefer-
able to a year alone, which may differ from the year the treaty was pub-
lished. Notice the form for a shortened note, which differs from the usual
pattern
Gee
16.4'i)'
N: 4.
"NucLear
Weapons Test Ban," August 5, 1963, tJnited States Treaties and
jther
lnternationat Agreements 14,
Pl
2.
15.
"Denmark
and ltaty: Convention concerning MiLitary Service"'
Treaties and ather lnternational ActsSeries 250, n0 3516 [1 956]' 45'
39. Nuctear WeaPons Test Ban."
B: United States.
"NavaL
Armament Limitation Treaty." February 26, 1922 U5 Stafutes
at Large
tr3,
PI
211922lr'
17.9.7 Legal Cases
Ciiations of legal cases generally take the same form for courts at all levels.
In notes, gi re ihe full case name (including the abbreviation a,.) in roman
210
July 15,1954,
j
d'
&
rM
sr
p
m*l'
r&
iltr
m
t,ffi
1tr
to
m
1!*
1,1[J1-l J
{
n
n
inon-(::i
::CUMENTS
:-r :c. not enclosed in parentheses. Include the volume number (arabic),
:.n: of the reporter (abbreviated; see below), ordinal series number
(if
;::.:cable), abbreviated name of the court and date (together in parenthe-
,c- . and other relevant information, such as the publisher for a looseleaf
.e:-,-ice or the name of a state or local court (if not identified by the series
:-:.e . A single page number designates the opening page of a decision; an
;iiirional number designates an actual page cited.
Cite statutes in notes only; you do not need to include them in your
!iriiography.
\
'8.
United States v. Christmas, 222 F.3d 141 ,145 [4th Cir 2000).
21. Profit Sharing Plan v. MBank Dallas, N.A., 683 F. Supp. 5?2 {N.D. Tex. 19BBJ.
A shortened note may consist of the case name and, if needed, a page
number.
\: 35. United States v. Christmas, 146.
42. Georgia v. Brailsford, 2.
The one element that depends on the level of the court is the name of
the reporter. The most common ones are as follows.
t tf.S. Suprerne Court. For Supreme Court decisions, cite Unhed States Su-
preme Court Reports (abbreviated
(lS.)
or, if not yet published there, Szz-
preme Court Reporter (abbreviated S. Ct').
N: 21. AT&T Corp. v. lowa UtiLities 8d.,525 U.S.366 {19991.
39. Arthur Andersen LLP v. United States. 1 25 S' Ct. 21 29 {2005).
t Lower
federal
courts. F$ lower federal-court decisions, cite Federal Re-
porter (F.) or Federal Supplement
(F. Supp.).
N: 3. United States v. Dennis, 183 F.201 l2d Cir. 1950J.
15. Eaton v, IBM Corp., 925 F. Supp.487 iS.D. Tex. 19961.
t State and local courts. For state and local court decisions, cite ofHcial state
reporters whenever possible. If you use a commercial reporter, cite it as
in the second example below. If the rePorter does not identify the court's
name, include it before the date, within the parentheses.
N: 6. Wittiams v. Davis, 27 Cal.2d 746 11946)'
8. Bivens v. Mobtey, 721So.2d 458, 465 [Miss. Ct. App. 1998].
fl.g.A State and Local Government Documents
cite state and local govefnment documents as you would federal docu-
ments. Use roman type
(no quotation marks) for state laws and munici-
pal ordinances; use italics for codes (compilations). Include a name where
211
or ei-e::
rames oi
l used i:'l
ed State:
: the Ex-
o L-nited
or Trea-
nr.olving
'n
Series;
dcd with
: League
lis. Itali-
rvorks or
'e
prefer-
vas pub-
he usual
;': ather
'= 't954.
Siatufes
r.l] levels.
n roman
BIBLIOGRAPHY
SPECIFIC
necessary
to indicate
the version
of the code being
cited' followed
by the
i",. .f ,ftt code edition'
in parentheses'
N:
39. lttinois
General
Assembty'
Law Revision
Commission'
Report
to the 80th Ger'
e rat Asse mbly of the State of llli nois tChicago'
19771' \ 4-18'
4'1. New Mexico
Constiiution'
art
/+' sec'7 '
44' thio Revised
C-o;de Annotated'
sec 3599 01 lWest
20001'
52. Methamphetamine
Control
and Community
Protection
Act' /lllnois
Comprlec
Statutes,
ch'720'sec
645/10
(2005)'
B:IttinoislnstituteforEnvironmentatOuatitytllEO.l.ReviewandSynopsisofPubl|cPartici-
pation regardingl;'lt"
Oio'iau
and Particutate
Emissions'
by Sidney
M' Marder'
llEQ
Document
no' 77 121'Chicago'
1977'
17.9.9
Canadian
Government
Documents
Cite Canadi""
gout'n""nt
documents
similarly
to U'S' public
docu-
ments.
Btgi*
"iot:t;;;';il
tht word Canad'a
unless
it is obvious
from
the context'
Generally
abbreviate
chapter
and sectionas
c' and s'' but ifyou
cite only
"
f.* caraiian
documents,
use chap. and sec'
Canadian
government
documents
"*
Ut*a
by both houses
of the fed-
eral Parliament
(the Senate
and the. House
of Commons)'
by the provin-
cial and tt*it"'i"iit;;i"t""''
and by various
executive
departments'
l*,1i""""'"'i';;;t'
are published
in separate
seies'
House of Com'
mons
Debates
^lrO"i#)
iiOlttt.l"a"a.
,ni name
of the person
speak-
ing, where
'J;;;
;;t"incial
and territorial
legislatures
publish
their
own debates'
N:
2. Canada'
House of Commons
DebatesUune
3' 2000i'
p 7904
(Mrs' La[onde'
MP]'
B: Canada.
Manitoba
Legisl,ative
AssemblLy'
Debates and Proceedings
August
17' 2000
TYPES OF SOURCES
number,
title, session
number'
Parlia-
information
as needed'
36th Partiament,
1998' ct' 1 tassented
to
18.
s
-, l?nr ri
.m8m;
L{nffiffih
@no,.r
dc lru
i{iu*i ilM
mmill
|1lqiltlq"
!@duue
J@l '0
i@
didmm$
ilh
itl
5t,i
fil
lliirf,ifird*
& llr|llrrilj@
Ihj/$,fX
d
]M
il&
:m
ftS
Jttrjlf,sI
I"l,
&r l,"fflr'l
Cite Parliamentary
bills bY bill
fn"rr, n,r*b.
r,
Yeat,
and additional
N:
3. Bitt C-40 ,
Extradition
Act' 2d sess
June 17, 199il,Statutes
of Canada
1999' c
lE
,flm
0d
J"
h
nm!
Canadian
statutes
are first publish.ed
in the annual
Statutes
and were
*o"
'""t"if
tt"'irta"tta
in 1985 in the Reuised
Canada.Wherever
p"""Uft'
use the latter source
and identify
by title,
rePorter'
year of compilation'
chapter'
and section'
N:
4'CanadaWildlrfeAct'
RevisedStatutesof
Canad'a1985'c
W-9's
1'
5. Assisted
Uu"'
a'"p'iAl"tion
Act'Statutes
of Canada
200t+' c 2' s' 2
of Canada
Statutes
of
the statute
::::.JMENTS
"1lt' !'' I iilr:sh Gol'ernment Documents
-
:. Fiitish
governmenr documents similarly to U.S. pubric documents.
:'::-:
;irations with the phrase united Kingdo. ,rnr.r, it is obvious from
:--:
-Drrexr. The publisher of most British government
material is Her (or
- --: \f ajesty's Stationery Office (HMSO)
in London.
larliamentary
debates have been pubrished in several series and, since
,:
- f. in separare series for the House of Lords and. the House of com-
:::-ns' Citations include series, volume number, date, and (if relevant) col-
-::in
or occasionally page number. In some cases, you may cite a specific
:..ument within a volume. Notice the form for a shortened note, which
j:fers
from the usual parrern (see 16.4.1).
r* '.
Hansard ParLiamentary Debates,3d ser., vo[. Z4g t1g7gJ, cols. 611_27.
=
Hansard,3d ser., vot. 249, coL. 628.
2l churchitt, speech to the House of commons, January 1g, i945,
parLiamentary
i::afes, Commons, 5th ser., voL.407 t1g/,L_L51, cols.425_46.
3:
-
rried Kingdom. Hansard
parliamentary
Debates, 3d ser., vol.24g
1187il.
lrurchiLL, winston. speech to the House of commons, January ig,1945.
parriamen_
tary Debates, Commons, Sth ser., voL. 407 f?41__4il, cols. 425_46.
lished togerher at the end of each session in volumes referred to as sas-
sional Papers. Each volume includes a divisional title.
N: B. House of commons,
"present
and Future RoLe of the Assistant chief Education
0fficer," Sessionar
papers,
r9g2-83,
prison
Education, Aprit 25, 1983, vot, 2, par.9.r4,
p.102.
B: United Kingdom. House of commons.
"present
and Future Rote of the Assistant chief
Educatron 0fficer.' sessionar
papers,
rgB2-83,
prison
Education, Aprl25,19g3,
vot.
2, par. 9.11, p. 102.
Acts of Parliament
should usualry be cited only in a nore.
you
generalry
need not include them in your bibliography, arthough you may.ioor. ,o
include a specific acr that is criticar,o yorr,
"rgur.r.r,
or frequentry cited.
Irlentify
acrs by title (in roman rype, nor .rr.-lo..d in quotation marks),
date, and chapter number (r. for chapter; arabic numeral for national num-
ber, lowercase roman for local). Acts from before 1963 are cited by regnal
year and monarch's name (abbreviated)
and ordinal (arabic
numeral).
N: B. Act of Settlement, iT01, i2 & 13 WilL. 3, c. 2.
1 5. ConsoIidated Fund Act, 1963, c. 1.
1 6. Manchester Corporation Act, 1 957, c. xL.
Lt.t
: docu-
r. from
r if r-ou
le fed-
rror-in-
ts.
{
Com-
speak-
i rheir
:: :0.
larlia-
mada
res of
:atute
211+
CHAPTER
17 BIBLIOGRAPHY
STYLE: SPECIFIC
TYPES OF SOURC!!
'll'B'l
$lii:i
ilufm
{*
ilo orn
siiledh
"$ucm
MlBomtM
uirmn's'
umum m
ui @
rmdMn
illllt S
rr flitw
r'ffi1
m
S!ffi$
mrui
@
!ml{u
dhc
TherearemanycompilationsofBritishhistoricalrecords'someofthem
transcriPtions
of the dot"*t"t'
preserved
in the Public Record
Office'
In
notes, ;e abbreviations
for frequently
cited items'
N:
19.Rot.
parL',vot 211341){n'p
'
n'd }'
B:UnitedKingdom'ActsofthePrivyCouncilofEngland.EditedbyJ.R.Dasent,32vo|s
London,
1 890-1 907'
United Kingdom
Rot'uli
partiamentorum
11278-1501rJ
6vols N p
'
n d'
UnitedKingdom.StatutesoftheReatm.EditedbyA.Ludersandothers.llvo|s.Lon-
don, 1 B1 0-28'
17.9.11 Publications
of International
Bodies
If you cite a"""-tt"'
of international
bodies such as the United Nations'
identify
,h.
"*;;;i;;"g
i"a1
(and the aurhor or ediror
where appropri-
ate), the toPic or title i the document'
and the date' Also include
series
and publicatit"'"**Ut"'-pf"tt
of publication'
and a
P^ge
reference'
You
may use abbreviations
in toth notes and bibliography
entries
for maior
bodies
(uN for'J)"n'a
i""'ns'
WTO for World-Tride
Organization'
and
so forth) where
the reference
is clear'
N:
1. League of Nations'
Position
of Women of Russian 0rtgin in the Far East' ser' LoNP
[Geneva,
1935], lV 3'
3.UNGeneraIAssembty'NinthSession,0fficiatRecords,supplementlg,SpeciaL
|JnitedNationsFundforEconomicDeve[opment:FinalReport,preparedbyRaymond
ScheyveninpursuanceofUNGeneratAssembtyResotutionT24B{Vlll},^12728,195^.
B: GeneratAgreementonTariffsandrrade.
TheResuttsof
thelJruguayRoundof
Multilat'
eral Trade Negtotiations:
The Legallexfs
Geneva : GATT Secretari
al' 199 L
WortdTrade0rganization'lnternationaLTrade:TrendsandStatistics.Geneva:WTo,
1 995.
17.9.12 Unpublished
Government
Documents
If you cite unpublished
government
documents'
follow the patterns
de-
scribed
in 17'6'4'
Most unpublithtd
dott'ments
of the U'S' government
are housed
in
the National
A;;il*
and Records
Administraiion
(NARA) in \Tashing-
ton, DC,
"t
i; ;;; of its branches'
Cite them all' including
films' photo-
graphs,
"t'd 'ouitJ"to'dit'g'
as well as written
materials'
by record group
(RG) number'
The comparable
institution
for unpublished
.t"fit::
government
documentsi,.th.I-ib,"ryandArchivesCanada(LAC),inottawa,
Ontario'
The United
Kingdom
has a number
of depositories
of unpub-
lished government
documt""'
*o" notably
the National
Archives
and
the Briiish
Library
(BL)' both in London'
m .lis !
ltlu
i:8
dfuu
W
ruu)
4fi
gi
f,
]JOTED IN ANOTHER
215 .+[I..
m
e> _.n
irl0llll,rrl
'fl
-
-u.,..,.
e Public Documents
l: :::r :;:line public documents, follow the relevant examples presented.
::r,i'; ::ri in 17.9.In addition, include the URL and the date you accessed
.-: ::.=:=rial
Gee
15.4.1). Note that a URL alone is not suficient; you musr
:-:.--; rhe full facts of publicarion, as far as they can be determined, so
-:;: -:. reader can search for the source if the URL changes. If page num-
:":::
-3
not available, you may identify the location of a cited passage in
.:" :-:; br- adding a descripdve locator (such
as a preceding subheaJing)
::'-:-,"'ing the word underbefore the URL and access date.
'rr _: , S. Bureau of the Census,
"lncome, poverty,
and Heatth lnsurance Coverage
- --=
,rited States,2004," under
"Ratio
of lncome to
poverty
Levet,,'http://www
:
=
-:
-s Eov/prod/2005pubs/p60-ZZ9.pdt laccessed December 1 9, 20051.
i
- i 3-:eau of the census.
"lncome, poverty,
and Heatth lnsurance coverage in the
--'ied
States, 2004." http:/iwww.census.gov/prodi2005pubslp60-z2g.pdt
lac-
::ssed December 1 9, 20051.
trox..s
oerie;
1-ou
naior
.-.:
,',-ia
de-
xln
itg-
oto-
oup
lent
s?,
'ub-
and
N:
B:
@l
One Source Quoted in Another
Responsible researchers avoid repeating quorarions that they have nor ac-
tually seen in the original. Ifone source includes a useful quotarion from
another source, readers expect you to obtain the original to verify not
only that the quotation is accurate, but also that it fairly represents what
the original meant.
If the original source is unavailable, however, cite it as
.,quoted
in,'
the secondary source in your note. For the bibliography entry, adapt the
"quoted
in" format as needed.
8. Louis Zukofsky,
"Sincerity
and 0bjectification,"
poetry
37 {February 1931):269,
quoted in Bonnie costelLo, Marianne Moore: lmaginary
possessions
{cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1981 ), 78.
Zukofsky, Louis.
"srncerity
and 0bjectificaiion."
poetry
3T {February 1931:26g.
0uoted in Bonnie costello, Marianne Moore: lmaginary
possessions.
cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press, 1981.
The same situation may arise with a quotarion you find in a secondary
source drawn from a primary source (see
3.1.1). Often, you will nor be
able to consult the primary source, especially if it is in an unpublished
manuscripr collection. In this case, follow the principles ourlined above.