Modulus of Rupture and

Hardness of Opaque
Dental Porcelain Dental Porcelain
Fathie Kundie
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
International Conference of Engineering & Built Environment (ICEBE) 2013, Puri Pujangga, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Introduction
Porcelain plays a vital role in restorative dentistry.
It has many uses, such as crowns, veneers, artificial
teeth, inlays and onlays, bridges, and castable teeth, inlays and onlays, bridges, and castable
ceramics.
A desirable feature of ceramics is that their
appearance can be customized to simulate the
colour, translucency and fluorescence of natural
teeth.
International Conference of Engineering & Built Environment (ICEBE) 2013, Puri Pujangga, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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International Conference of Engineering & Built Environment (ICEBE) 2013, Puri Pujangga, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Introduction
Malaysia has to import the dental porcelain,
this led to an increase of it price and therefore
to increase the treatment costs.
There is newly produced opaque dental There is newly produced opaque dental
porcelain at the School of Materials
Engineering - Universiti Sains Malaysia.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate
modulus of rupture and hardness of locally
produced opaque dental porcelain.
International Conference of Engineering & Built Environment (ICEBE) 2013, Puri Pujangga, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Materials and Methods
Combination of 13 different raw materials was
used to produce opaque dental porcelain.
Preparation of the opaque dental porcelain
powder begins with characterization of the raw
materials.
Three different additives i.e. zirconium, cerium
and vanadium oxides are selected for this task.
International Conference of Engineering & Built Environment (ICEBE) 2013, Puri Pujangga, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Materials and Methods
Raw materials were dry mixed for 2 hours,
melting at 1350C for 4 hours.
Quenching in cold water to form frit.
The frit was dried before crushed using a fast
milling machine, and sieved to pass 75m.
The powder was compacted at 60 MPa to form
13mm pellets.
International Conference of Engineering & Built Environment (ICEBE) 2013, Puri Pujangga, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Materials and Methods
Each pellet was sintered using dental furnace
for three minutes.
The soaking time at the maximum temperature
980C is 1 minute.
International Conference of Engineering & Built Environment (ICEBE) 2013, Puri Pujangga, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Materials and Methods
The locally prepared Opaque Dental Porcelain
was compared with the Commercially Available
Opaque Dental Porcelain.
Both powders were prepared as a pellet and
sintered at the same temperature.
Both pellets were subjected to the same testing
procedures.
International Conference of Engineering & Built Environment (ICEBE) 2013, Puri Pujangga, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Materials and Methods
Hardness test was carried out using Vickers
Hardness Tester (FUTUER-TECH, Model FV-7).
Modulus of Rupture (MOR) test was applied by
Instron 3366.
International Conference of Engineering & Built Environment (ICEBE) 2013, Puri Pujangga, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Results
Hardness test
The specimens of opaque dental porcelain have
higher values of hardness compared to the
commercially available opaque dental porcelain
as shown in Figure 1.
International Conference of Engineering & Built Environment (ICEBE) 2013, Puri Pujangga, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Results/Hardness
357.72
496.42
400
500
600
700
H
a
r
d
n
e
s
s

H
V
0
100
200
300
Commercial opaque dental porcelain Opaque dental porcelain
H
a
r
d
n
e
s
s

H
V
FIGURE 1: Vickers hardness for commercial and opaque
dental porcelains.
International Conference of Engineering & Built Environment (ICEBE) 2013, Puri Pujangga, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Results
Modulus of Rupture (MOR) Test
It was found that the MOR for commercial opaque dental
porcelain is higher than the opaque dental porcelain due
to differences in the microstructure.
Furthermore, there are differences in the composition
and sintering temperature for both porcelains which
affects the microstructure consequently affects the
strength.
Figure 2 shows the Youngs modulus for two groups of
opaque dental porcelain.
International Conference of Engineering & Built Environment (ICEBE) 2013, Puri Pujangga, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Results/ MOR
40.2481
25
30
35
40
45
50
S
t
r
e
s
s

a
t

Y
i
e
l
d
17.9752
0
5
10
15
20
Commercial opaque dental porcelain Opaque dental porcelain
S
t
r
e
s
s

a
t

Y
i
e
l
d
FIGURE 2: Youngs modulus for commercial and opaque
dental porcelains.
International Conference of Engineering & Built Environment (ICEBE) 2013, Puri Pujangga, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Conclusion
The experiments to produce opaque dental
porcelain show that opaque dental porcelain can
be obtained and its hardness was higher than
the commercial one.
The comparison between both opaque dental
porcelains showed that more systematic studies
are needed to obtain good properties of opaque
dental porcelain.
International Conference of Engineering & Built Environment (ICEBE) 2013, Puri Pujangga, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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THANK YOU
THANK YOU THANK YOU
International Conference of Engineering & Built Environment (ICEBE) 2013, Puri Pujangga, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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