DESCRIPTION

This proposal includes related information in

addressing Bidder's experience on the subject matters,
price proposals, lists of professional references and
contact person.
Haris Zuan & Dr. Ramze Endut
University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

A barrier analysis in understanding the current party

youth leadership in Malaysian political context
 Contents
Project Title................................................................................................................................2
Objective....................................................................................................................................2
Researchers Background............................................................................................................2
Haris Zuan...............................................................................................................................2
Ramze Endut..........................................................................................................................2
Semi-Structured Interview.........................................................................................................2
Specific Approach for KIIs........................................................................................................3
Quantity Obstacle..................................................................................................................3
Quality Obstacle.....................................................................................................................3
Project Timeline.........................................................................................................................4
Price Proposals...........................................................................................................................4
List of References......................................................................................................................5
Contact Person...........................................................................................................................5
Appendix 1 – CV Haris Zuan.....................................................................................................6

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Project Title

A barrier analysis in understanding the current party youth leadership in Malaysian political context

Objective

To conduct a barrier analysis based on key informant interviews (KII) with political party youth
“wing” members aged 18- 39 to identify and better understand obstacles to party youth leadership
advancement and opportunities to overcome them.

Researchers Background

Haris Zuan

Youth political participation has been one of my research focuses since 2010, when I did my master’s
research on this topic, focusing on youth political involvement post-1998’s Reformasi movement.
Since then, I have been involved in a lot of research on youth politics, published academically and
semi-academically, locally, and internationally. I also designed political education training modules
for several youth-related organisations. Also, I became a consultant for a few research projects
pertaining to youth politics.

As an academic at the National University of Malaysia (UKM), I have actively involved in research
activities, primarily through one-on-one key informant interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group
Discussions (FGDs), including FGDs with Women's groups across the country for World Bank
Malaysia (2019), Malaysian Muslim Perception on ICERD for IDEAS (2020) (with Ramze) and lead
(with Ramze) the Malaysian scholar-activist interview project under the Naratif Malaysia project
(2020). In 2021-2022, I also involve in project related to MRA-TP for ASEAN that required me to
conducting KIIs across ASEAN member states. For more information, please see attached CV.

Ramze Endut

Currently, I am a research fellow at the National University of Malaysia (UKM), focusing on

sociology, particularly with regard to the subject of culture and social systems. My main
methodologies of doing research are ethnography, in-depth interviews and FGDs. I am also an Asian
Public Intellectual (API) Fellow 2009/2010 and spent one-year to conduct ethnography studies in
Indonesia. For more information, please see attached CV.

Since 2003, I have now conducted more than 100 interviews. Those interviews have been published at
several portals such as Ummahonline, Jalan Telawi, Siasah, Kesturi, Selak, and Naratif Malaysia. My
interviewees are mainly politicians, social activists and academicians. In recent years, I have managed
several research projects, for example with Malaysia Reform Initiative (MARI) (with Haris Zuan),
Institute for Democracy and Economic Affairs (IDEAS) (with Haris Zuan) and Unit Peneraju Agenda
Bumiputera (TERAJU) (with Prof. Dr. Kartini Khalid). For more information, please see attached
CV.

Semi-Structured Interview

A semi-structured interview is qualitative research and useful in understanding the subject of the
discussion between researcher and participant. This type of interview is a conversation where the
interviewer asks open-ended questions, instead of following a strict and formalised list of questions.
The interviewer uses core questions in developing further conversation. Basically, the semi-structured
interview format encourages two-way communication which is supplemented by follow-up questions,

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probes and comments. This method allows researcher to explore participant thoughts, feelings and
beliefs about a particular topic and to delve deeply into personal and sometimes sensitive issues.

Specific Approach for KIIs

Based on our research, the obstacles to youth political participation are multi-dimensional, however, it
can be categorised into two main obstacles: (1) quantity (number of youths participating) and (2)
quality (meaningful participation). These two obstacles should be considered in formulating semi-
structured interview questions. These two obstacles are elaborated as below:

Quantity Obstacle
In general, the main obstacle to youth political involvement in Malaysia is the long process of
depoliticisation since Merdeka, where (1) youth are ‘discourage’ being involved in formal mainstream
politics, (2) youth associations and youth-related organisations such as sports organisations, are
monopolised by older politician, (3) youth identity is associated with deviant and delinquent
behaviours and drug abuse. As a result, the youth (1) lose the ability to get involved in social and
political organisations, (2) slow and delayed process of political socialisation (3) disconnect the youth
from the long history of youth social movements in Malaysia – which makes it difficult for the youth
to build a shared political identity as a youth. 1 All these factors make the youth not interested in
getting involved in the political party, which leads to the problem of a small pool of talent.

At the same time, over the last few decades, there has been a significant change in youth political
involvement – not only in Malaysia but worldwide. Social movements, especially youth-based ones,
are more spontaneous, issue-based, and network-based without a rigid organisational structure, known
as a new social movement. Simply put, youth do not need to join political parties with various
administrative bureaucracies to advance their social and political agendas - in fact, with social media
now, the role of political parties is becoming less and less relevant in mobilising any form of social or
political advocacy.

Quality Obstacle

Although the political parties started a new strategy by introducing a political education program for
non-members, these programs do not address the structural issues. This brings us to the following
argument about the structure of political parties in Malaysia, which does not encourage youth to get
involved in mainstream politics. The existence of a youth wing, a women's wing and a more recently
established student club of a political party on campus causes (1) the party's central leadership to be
dominated by older men, (2) the leadership hierarchy becomes very high for the youth (and women)
to climb, (3) youth participation in higher leadership structure only for tokenism purposes. The
existing structure also tends to narrow their political discourse mainly on 'typical youth issues'. At the
same time, older male leaders monopolise the primary and more substantial issues.

The last point that should be considered in understanding the main obstacle to youth involvement in
political party leadership is the intersectionality barrier (borrowing a concept from gender studies).
Intersectionality barrier exists in the form of multiple forms of inequality or disadvantage and create
obstacles that are often not understood among conventional ways of thinking. Here we will see a
double barrier for female youth, youth from lower social classes, minority groups and other social
groups. This factor is vital to ensure that the proposed intervention is inclusive.

1
During the nationalism movement after the Second World War, the youth in Southeast Asia were not only involved as
members of political parties but were the leading group that established the political parties; for example, Kesatuan Melayu
Muda (KMM), Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya and Angkatan Pemuda Insaf. However, the contribution of youth to this
nationalist movement is often neglected in the official national history narrative. Even if appreciated, it is often categorised
as a mere leftist movement that overshadowed their identity as a youth.

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Thus, the specific approach for KIIs for this study is proposed to include quality and quantity
obstacles as below stated:

Obstacle Theme Question sample

Quantity De-politization barrier In general, why are the youth now less interested in
Obstacle joining formal youth organisation?
(number of
participation) Why is youth membership in political parties low?
Socio-Cultural barrier Are there any stigmatisation, discrimination, or
stereotype to young politician in your party?

Any incidents in your party that shows a sense of in

confidence to the ability of young politician?
Quality Changing the political What is the youth demographic in your organisation
Obstacle participation environment now? Gender, class, ethnic
(meaningful barrier
participation) Do economic and social changes affect youth
participation in political organizations?
Organisational structure How confident is your party in giving that space and
barrier opportunity to young politicians?

What is the general perception in your party in the

context of giving space and opportunity to young
politicians?

Project Timeline

Category/ Week 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th
Desk Research
Identification and confirmation of targeted
interviewees
Conducting the interviews (in-person and
virtual)
Analysis
Submission (1st draft)
Submission (final draft)

Price Proposal

Deliverable Unit Cost Units Total

Key Informant Interview (KII) audio or video file with the USD 400 14
interviewee name, date, time and location of KII; and KII
written summary, including the name, age, gender, party
affiliation and state of residence of the interviewee, the date,
time and location (physical or virtual) of the KII, and key
sentiments.
Draft written analytical report for review (IRI will provide the USD 1000 1
template), including synthesized findings across all
interviewees, illustrative quotes, and a one-page executive
summary.

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 Final written analytical report (IRI will provide the template), USD 1000 1
including synthesized findings across all interviewees,
illustrative quotes, and a one-page executive summary.

TOTAL USD 7600

List of References

Aira Azhari
Research Manager
Institute for Democracy and Economic Affairs (IDEAS)
The Lower Penthouse, Wisma Hang Sam, No 1 Jalan Hang Lekir,
50000 KUALA LUMPUR
Email: aira@ideas.org.my

Dr Intan Murnira Ramli

Policy Fellow in the Policy Design Department,
Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)
Jakarta, Indonesia
E-mail: intan@eria.org

Ibrahim Suffian
Co-founder and Programs Director of Merdeka Center
2nd Floor, Wisma IEM, No. 21, Jalan Selangor,
46000 Petaling Jaya, SELANGOR
Email: suffiani@gmail.com

Prof. Dr. Kartini Aboo Talib @ Khalid

Deputy Director
Institute of Ethnic Studies (KITA)
43600 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
Bandar Baru Bangi, SELANGOR
Email: kartinikhalid@gmail.com
Web: https://www.ukm.my/kita/ms/akademik/kartini/

Contact Person

Dr. Ramze Endut

Institute of Ethnic Studies (KITA)

43600 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)
Bandar Baru Bangi, SELANGOR
Email: ramze@ukm.edu.my
Mobile: 6016-320 3000
Web: https://www.ukm.my/kita/ms/akademik/ramze/

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Appendix 1 – CV Haris Zuan

MOHD HARISZUAN BIN JAHARUDIN

(Haris Zuan)

E-mail : hariszuan@gmail.com
: hariszuan@ukm.edu.my
Contact : +60133796019
Address : Centre for Asian Studies (iKAS)
Institute of Malaysian
and International Studies (IKMAS),
UKM, 43600 Bangi,
Selangor, Malaysia

Work/Professional Experiences

Currently Junior Research Fellow, Institute of Malaysian and International Studies (IKMAS)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi.

PhD Candidate at School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield

University, United Kingdom

2014 City councillor at Penang Municipal Council, Penang, Malaysia

2013 Executive Officer, Penang Institute, Penang, Malaysia

2012 – 2013 Project Manager for Siri Forum Nusantara, Penang Institute, Penang, Malaysia

2010 – 2011 Project Coordinator, Good Governance and Gender Equality Society (3Gs),
Penang, Malaysia (Nov 2010-May 2011)

2010 Research Assistant, International Institute of Public Policy and Management

(INPUMA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (May-September 2010)

Education Background

2014 Master of Social Science (Research Mode), Universiti Sains Malaysia

2010 Bachelor of Social Science with Honours, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

2006 Certificate of Higher Education Malaysia (STPM)

Academic Awards

2014 Best Thesis Award (Master), Universiti Sains Malayisa

2011-2012 Graduate Assistant Scheme, Universiti Sains Malaysia

2007 – 2010 Public Service Department of Malaysia Scholarship: First Degree

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2006 The Best Student Award of Certificate of Higher Education Malaysia (SHELL
Malaysia)

Books

Haris Zuan. 2023. (forthcoming). Belia Precariat dalam Wacana Kelas Menengah di Malaysia dl.
Haris Zuan (ed.) Wacana Pembangunan dan Pembangunan Wacana. Penerbit UM. Kuala
Lumpur

Muhammad Febriansyah & Haris Zuan (eds.). 2021. Malaysia-Indonesia: Narasi-Narasi Lintas
Budaya dan Negara. SIRD. Petaling Jaya.

Haris Zuan. 2020. Transformasi Sosial dan Politik Belia: Menelusuri Perubahan Budaya Politik
Belia di Malaysia. Penerbit UKM. Bangi

H. Muhammad & Haris Zuan (eds.). 2016. Lastik: Lontaran Batu-Batu Kerikil. GerakBudaya:
Petaling Jaya

Haris Zuan & Rizal Hamdan (eds.). 2012. Wacana Baru Politik Malaysia: Perspektif Ruang
Awam Budaya dan Institusi (The New Discourses on Malaysian Politics: Perspective of Public
Sphere, Culture & Institutions) Strategic Information and Research Development Center (SIRD):
Kuala Lumpur.

Haris Zuan (ed.). 2010. Malaysia-lah: Analisa Terpilih Kaki Lepak. Gerakbudaya: Petaling Jaya

Journals

Ahmad Fauzi Hamid & Haris Zuan. (forthcoming) Lowering of Voting Age in Malaysia: Politically
Empowering Young Voters in the Post-Pandemic Era.

Haris Zuan, Darren Ellis, Romano Pagliari. 2021. Geopolitics and the ASEAN single aviation
market: Aspirations versus realities,Transportation Research Procedia,Volume 59.

Ahmad Fauzi Hamid & Haris Zuan. 2018. ‘Social Transformation, National Identity and Education
Policies in Malaysia’. Volume 3. No 1., Southeast Asian Social Science Review (SEASSR).

Haris Zuan.2014. PRU13: Perubahan Budaya Politik Malaysia Dan Krisis Legitimasi Moral
Barisan Nasional (13th Malaysian General Election: Changes In Malaysian Political Culture And
Moral Legitimacy Crisis of Barisan Nasional) in Ahmad Fauzi Abdul Hamid and Muhamad
Takiyuddin Ismail (eds.) Malaysia’s 13th General Election: Reform, Change And Conservatism,
Volume 32, Jurnal Kajian Malaysia, Supp. 2, (Special Issue) USM.

Chapters & Popular Writing (Selected)

Haris Zuan. 2023. Potentials and Challenges of social media as an instrument for political
change in Malaysia in Kyoto Review of Southeast Asia.

Haris Zuan. 2021. The Emergence of a New Social Movement in Malaysia: A Case Study of
Malaysian Youth Activism. In: Ibrahim Z., Richards G., King V.T. (eds) Discourses, Agency and
Identity in Malaysia. Asia in Transition, vol 13. Springer, Singapore.

Haris Zuan. 2020. “Youth in Politics of Transition” in Meredith Weiss & Faisal Hazis (eds.) Why a

7
Dominant Party Lose? NUS Publication. Singapore

Jusoh, S., & Haris Zuan. 2020. “Integrating ASEAN through Liberalisation of Investment in the
Aviation Sector”. In Aviation Law and Policy in Asia. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill | Nijhoff.

Haris Zuan & Nik Hasif. 2019. ‘Nusantara in Contemporary Popular Culture’ in Evers, Hans-
Dieter, Abdul Rahman Embong, Rashila Ramli (eds.), Connecting Oceans: Malaysia as a
Nusantara Civilization, Vol. II, Bangi: Penerbit UKM 2019.

Ahmad Fauzi Hamid & Haris Zuan. 2018. ‘Islamic Education in Malaysia: Between Islamic
Universalism and National Priorities’ in Education Reforms, Nationalism and Globalisation:
Policies and Politics in Malaysian Education. edited by Cynthia Joseph and R. Santhiram,
London: Routledge.

Mohd Izzuddin Ramli & Haris Zuan. 2018. ‘Cartoons and Graphic Arts: Resistance and
Dissidence Within and Beyond Electoral Politics’ in James Gomez, Mustafa K. Anuar, and Yuen
Beng Lee (eds.) Media and Elections Democratic Transition in Malaysia. SIRD: Petaling Jaya

Haris Zuan. 2016. PRU13: Pengalaman Pulau Pinang (13th General Election: Penang
Experiences) in Muhamad Takiyuddin Ismail & Sity Daud (eds). Politik Baru, Politik Perubahan
dan Politik Lama (New Politics, Politic of Change and Old Politics). UUM Press: Sintok

Haris Zuan. 2015. ‘Being Malay’ In Ooi Kee Beng & Wan Hamidi bin Hamid (eds.), Personal
Ponderings from a Divided Malaysia, Gerakbudaya: Petaling Jaya

Haris Zuan and Zairil Khir Johari. 2016. Malaysia als Vorreiter in der ASEAN?
Lösungsansätze zur Bewältigung von Menschenrechtsverletzungen, In CfP Südostasien 2/2016:
Flucht – Zuflucht? Zum Umgang mit Geflüchteten in Südostasien, Stiftung Asienhaus, Germany.

Haris Zuan. 2015. Malaysias Weg zu einer multi-ethnischen Gesellschaft (Ethnic Relations in
Malaysia) In CfP Südostasien 2/2015: den Schatten gestellt Soziale, ökonomische und
ökologische Auswirkungen des Wirtschaftswachstums, Stiftung Asienhaus, Germany.

Haris Zuan. 2014. Die Hudud-Strafordnung, das Überleben konservativer malaiischer Politiker
(Hudud, Political Survival of Conservative Malays in Malaysia) in CfP Südostasien 3/2014: Die
(Un) Freiheit des Glaubens Religionen und ihre Instrumentalisierung in Südostasien, Stiftung
Asienhaus, Germany.

Selected Paper Presentations

2023 Youth and Social Media in Electoral Politics in Malaysia in ‘Social Media and Youths in
Southeast Asia’ at Keynes Hall in King's College, Cambridge University, United Kingdom.

2023 Potentials and Challenges of social media as an instrument for political change in
Malaysia in Social Media and Youths in Southeast Asia: An Instrument for Political
Change? At The CSEAS Seminar, Kyoto University, Japan.

2021 Kajian Impak Transformasi Sosial Terhadap Perubahan Budaya Politik Belia Dalam
Pembentukan Dasar Pembangunan Belia yang lebih Progresif. Nasional Youth Research
Seminar (YOURS) 2021, Kuala Lumpur.
2021 Geopolitics and The ASEAN Single Aviation Market: Aspirations Versus Realities.
Internasional Conference on Air Transport (INAIR 2021). 3-4 Nov 2021. Malta.
2019 Ownership and Control Restrictions in Malaysia in Seminar on Aviation Policy in Asia,
Hong Kong University, Hong Kong.

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2018 Young Voters: Did They Vote for Change or Continuity? Seminar on General Election 14.
IKMAS, UKM.
2016 Team Adenan Vs Team Najib: New Political Configuration. Seminar on the 2016 Sarawak
State Elections, IKMAS Seminar Series – UKM, 6th June 2016
2016 Parokialisme Bangsa Johor: kegagalan federalisme dan sistem urus tadbir Malaysia? In
Round Table Discussion: Federalisme dan Isu Hak Negeri organised by Institut Kajian
Etnik UKM. Hotel Bangi Putrajaya – Bangi, 14th April 2016
2014 Muslim Youth Post Reformasi 1998. Workshop on “Youth Culture and Activism in
Southeast Asia” organised by Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) Singapore. 18
Dec 2014
2012 Memahami Fungsi Budaya Popular Sebagai Alat Pedagogis Politik Generasi Muda
Malaysia. The 8th International Malaysian Studies Conference 9 - 11 July, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi
2011 Komuniti budaya Generasi Muda dan Penglibatan dalam Pendemokrasian Ruang Awam
Pasca Reformasi: Kajian Kes. 3rd Social Sciences Post-Graduate National Seminar 2011,
21st & 22nd November, Berjaya Georgetown Hotel, Penang
2011 Potensi Ruang Awam dalam Membangunkan Gerakan Sosial Baru di Malaysia Capacity
Building Workshop for Young Social Science Scholars: Strengthening of National Social
Science Research System, PSSM 1/2011. 15 – 17 April, Hotel Promenade, Sabah

2010 Analisa Gerakan Sosial Baru Pasca Reformasi 1998: 7th International Malaysian Studies
Conference (MSC7), 16th -18th March, Universiti Sains Malaysia

2009 Intellectualism in the Malay Worlds; Young Scholars 2nd Conference, Islamic Academy
of Science Malaysia (ASASI), 14 November, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Research and Advocacy Experiences

2018-2019 ASEAN Single Aviation Market. IKMAS, UKM.

2018-2019 “Youth in Politics of Transition” in Meredith Weiss & Faisal Hazis (eds.) Why a
Dominant Party Lose? (GE14 Book Project). IKMAS, UKM.

2017-2018 Consultant for civic education and community empowerment program for
Selangor State. Merdeka Strategic Development Centre (Merdeka Centre).

2017-2018 Consultant & main trainer for Strategic Civic-Leadership Education for Malaysian
Youth. Merdeka Strategic Development Centre (Merdeka Centre)

2016-2018 Consultant & main trainer for Civic Education and Youth Assembly program for
Penang State. Penang Youth Development Corporation.

2016-2017 Personalized Politics, Provincialism and Prices: Issues and Voting Determinants
in the 2016 Sarawak State Elections. UKM Top Down Grant - fellow researcher.

2016-2017 Harnessing Talent Towards: An Inclusive Malaysia – An Assessment of The

National Policy on Science, Technology and Innovation (NPSTI) In Enhancing
Social Inclusion In Research And Innovation. UNESCO.

2011 Research Assistant (Field Work) for Penang Core Welfare Indicator Survey Project.
Merdeka Strategic Development Centre (Merdeka Centre).

9
2011 Researcher for Gender-Responsive Budgeting Pilot Project, Women's Development
Research Centre (KANITA), USM and Good Governance and Gender Equality Society
(3Gs).

2011 Local Resource Persons for Gender-Responsive Budgeting Workshop, Penang.

Conducted research on “Usage of State Library, Public Parks and Public Sports
Facilities: An Initial Gender-Differentiated Inquiry”. Good Governance and Gender
Equality Society (3Gs).

2009 Enumerator for Ministry of High Education Malaysia (MOHE) Research Project on
Students with Disabilities: Support, Preparation and Future Challenges. International
Institute of Public Policy and Management (INPUMA)

2009 Enumerator for Research on Permatang Pasir by elections in August 2009 and the
Bagan Pinang by election in October 2009 for The International Institute of Public Policy
and Management (INPUMA), University of Malaya.

Teaching Experiences

LMOO1202 - Hola! Exploration to Latin American Culture

Undergraduate Elective Course (CITRA), UKM (2 credits)

Graduate Assistant for School of Social Science, USM.

 Development Theories (semester 2: 2010/2011)
 Thinking Techniques (semester 1: 2011/2012)
 Health psychology (semester 1: 2011/2012)
 Thinking Techniques (semester 2: 2011/2012)

Selected Translation Works (From English to Malay)

2017 Denison Jayasooria. Public Advocacy: of Ideas & Practice In Malaysia. Public Lecture.
UKM Press

2016 Meredith L. Weiss. Student Activism in Malaysia. SIRD: Petaling Jaya

2015. Syed Husin Ali. Ethnic Relations in Malaysia: Harmony & Conflict. SIRD: Petaling Jaya

2015 Arifin Omar. Bangsa Melayu: Malay Concepts of Democracy and Community 1945-1950.
Penang Institute & SIRD

2015 Vladimir Putin. Vladimir Putin: Munich * Valdai * Crimea * Sochi – Three Landmark
Speeches by the President of Russia. Institut Terjemahan & Buku Malaysia

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