STRUCTURE OF

AN ACADEMIC
6.53
TEXT
USE KNOWLEDGE OF TEXT STRUCTURE
TO GLEAN THE INFORMATION YOU
NEED.
EXPECTATIONS
• Identify the common
structure of an academic
text.
• Will be able to apply the
knowledge of text structure
in gathering information
through critical reading and
academic text.

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ACADEMIC TEXT
It is a sort of text or writing that is written by experts in a
given field. It is aimed for a scholarly audience. It can be
articles, conference papers, reviews and theses/dissertations.
Academic texts are organized with the following
characteristics:
o Has clearly structured Introduction-Body-Conclusion
o Formal
o Includes information from credible sources with a properly
cited
o Includes a list of references

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The two categories of how text can be organized:
• Text features
• Text structure
Text features Text structures
• Titles • types [argument,
• heading and informational, narrative]
subheadings • introduction & conclusion
• Graphics • transition words & phrases
• Captions • patterns of organization:
• table of contents description, sequence,
• Index problem/solution,
• Glossary cause/effect,
compare/contrast
• Sentence
• Paragraph

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 TEXT STRUCTURE
• Academic texts usually follow an established structures
which refers to internal organization of texts or
patterns of texts.
• Generally, it is composed of text types, parts, transition
words and phrases, patterns of organization,
sentences, and paragraphs

7/1/20XX Pitch deck title 5

 TEXT STRUCTURE
1. I-B-C (Introduction-Body-Conclusion) - Each part consists of sub-components that could help readers
identify the main ideas (stated or implied) and supporting details using patterns of organization.
2. Patterns of organization
• Description - This structure resembles an outline. Each section opens with its main idea, then elaborates on
it, sometimes dividing the elaboration into subsections.
• Order/Sequence - Texts that follow this structure tell the order in which steps in a process or series of
events occur.
• Comparison/Contrast - Texts that follow this structure tell about the differences and similarities of two or
more objects, places, events or ideas by grouping their traits for comparison.
• Cause/Effect - In texts that follow this structure, the reader is told the result of an event or occurrence and
the reasons it happened.
• Problem/Solution - This presents a problem and several possible solutions. The author may also describe
the pros and cons of each solution.

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 TEXT STRUCTURE
3. Transition words or phrases - These transition words or phrases are used to show relationships among ideas.
They are found all throughout the text parts and patterns of organization. Transition words or phrases make the
connecting of one idea to another idea or one part to another part of a text formal, clear and organized.
how transition words or phrases are used for specific pattern of organizanization of ideas?
a. Order/Sequence
Transitions: next, first, last, second, another, then, additionally, next, finally, before, preceding and others
Example: First, read the manual of the device. Second, turn on the device. Then, set the location, time and
date.
b. Comparison/Contrast
Transitions:However, unlike, like, by contrast, yet, in comparison, although, whereas, similar to, different
from, as opposed to, instead of, as well as.
Example: Unlike quantitative research, qualitative research uses descriptive data.
 TEXT STRUCTURES
c. Description/List
Transition: For example, for instance, specifically, in particular, in addition, to illustrate, such as, most
important, another.
Example: Filipinos are very appreciative of arts such as plays, paintings, music, and literature.
d. Cause and Effect
Transitions: Consequently, therefore, as a result, thereby, leads to, because of, in order to, for these reasons,
thus, if-then, may be due to.
Example: Everyone followed health protocols. As a result, the pandemic was gradually eradicated.
e. Problem-Solution
Transitions: The problem is, the difficulty is, it is possible to, if-then, one challenge is, therefore.
Example: The problem that we are facing is the lack of self-discipline of the society.

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 TEXT STRUCTURE

4. Sentence and Paragraph - In writing effective sentences or paragraphs, a graphic organizer is

a great help. A graphic organizer is a visual presentation with various shapes and connecting
marks that is used to show the organization and relationship of ideas and parts in a text. It serves
as the backbone in writing a formal and effective academic text.
 The difficulty of reading an
academic work increases if we
are required to recognize text
structures. Thus, this topic
informs us that employing visual
organizers aids in understanding
the entirety of a text and in
identifying its organizational
structures in academic writing.
Some charts are displayed in the
next slide.

7/1/20XX
THANK YOU