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Simone Ferraro
Princeton University
Outline
Diffraction by an aperture
Fraunhofer diffraction
Fresnel diffraction
Image formation
Kirchhoff integral
boundary
is a solution
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boundary
With
, have
Therefore
S
Diffraction by an aperture
, so write
pointing towards
parallel to k
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Diffraction by an aperture
Then
for all x, or
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Fraunhofer examples
Then
Intensity
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Fraunhofer examples
Diffraction grating
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Fraunhofer examples
Diffraction grating
Located at
Separation
and
(chromatic resolving
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Fraunhofer examples
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Fraunhofer examples
Might seem
uninteresting, but
can make a lot of
progress by moving
the origin!
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write
then
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Separable aperture
If the aperture function is separable (e.g.
rectangular aperture), it is convenient to rewrite in
terms of Fresnel integrals.
Change variables to
Define Fresnel integral
Separable aperture
If the aperture function is separable (e.g.
rectangular aperture), it is convenient to rewrite in
terms of Fresnel integrals.
Change variables to
Define Fresnel integral
Diffraction from
straight
edge
x
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Evaluate graphically
Going around in a
circle
Spiralling in
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Zone plate
Net amplitude at P:
Intensity
Incident wave brought to focus at P!
Acts like a lens of focal length
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Amplitude given by
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References
Hecht, Optics
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