Crows (/kro/) are members of a widely distributed genus of birds, Corvus, in the family

Corvidae. Ranging in size from the relatively small pigeon-size jackdaws (Eurasian and
Daurian) to the Common Raven of the Holarctic region and Thick-billed Raven of the
highlands of Ethiopia, the 40 or so members of this genus occur on all temperate
continents except South America, and several islands. In Europe, the word "crow" is used
to refer to the Carrion Crow or the Hooded Crow, while in North America it is used for
the American Crow or the Northwestern Crow.
Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea.
Traditionally, two species are recognised, the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) and
the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), although some evidence suggests that African
bush elephants and African forest elephants are separate species (L. africana and
L. cyclotis respectively). Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa, South
Asia, and Southeast Asia. Elephantidae are the only surviving family of the order
Proboscidea; other, now extinct, families of the order include mammoths and mastodons.
The largest living terrestrial animals, male African elephants can reach a height of 4 m
(13 ft) and weigh 7,000 kg (15,000 lb). All elephants have several distinctive features the
most notable of which is a long proboscis or trunk used for many purposes, particularly
for grasping objects. In addition to their trunks, their incisors grow into tusks, which
serve as tools for moving objects and digging and as weapons for fighting. The elephant's
large ear flaps help to control the temperature of its body. African elephants have larger
ears and concave backs while Asian elephants have smaller ears and convex or level
backs.
Crocodiles (subfamily Crocodylinae) or true crocodiles are large aquatic reptiles that
live throughout the tropics in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia. Crocodylinae, in
which all its members are considered true crocodiles, is classified as a biological
subfamily. A broader sense of the term crocodile, Crocodylidae that includes Tomistoma
is not used in this article. The term crocodile here applies only to the species within the
subfamily of Crocodylinae. The term is sometimes used even more loosely to include all
extant members of the order Crocodilia, which includes Tomistoma, the alligators and
caimans (family Alligatoridae), the gharials (family Gavialidae), and all other living and
fossil Crocodylomorpha.
A monkey is a non-human primate of the Haplorrhini suborder and simian infraorder,
either an Old World monkey or a New World monkey, but sometimes excluding nonhuman hominoids. There are about 260 known living species of monkey. Many are
arboreal, although there are species that live primarily on the ground, such as baboons.
Monkeys are generally considered to be intelligent. Unlike apes, monkeys usually have
tails. Tailless monkeys may be called "apes", incorrectly according to modern usage; thus
the tailless Barbary macaque is called the "Barbary ape".
Squirrels belong to family Sciuridae of small or medium-size rodents. The family
includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels, chipmunks, marmots (including woodchucks),
flying squirrels, and prairie dogs. Squirrels are indigenous to the Americas, Eurasia, and
Africa, and have been introduced to Australia.[1] The earliest known squirrels date from
the Eocene and are most closely related to the mountain beaver and to the dormouse
among living rodent families.
The Indian Pond Heron or Paddybird (Ardeola grayii) is a small heron. It is of Old
World origins, breeding in southern Iran and east to Pakistan,India, Burma, Bangladesh

and Sri Lanka. They are widespread and common but can be easily missed when they
stalk prey at the edge of small water-bodies or even when they roost close to human
habitations. They are however distinctive when they take off with bright white wings
flashing in contrast to the cryptic streaked olive and brown colours of the body. Their
camouflage is so excellent that they will close approach before taking to flight, a
behaviour which has resulted in folk names and beliefs that the birds are short-sighted or
blind.[2][3]
The Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus), also known as the Quarrion and the Weiro, is a
member of the cockatoo family endemic to Australia. They are prized as a household pet
and companion parrot throughout the world and are relatively easy to breed. As a caged
bird, cockatiels are second in popularity only to the Budgerigar.[2]
The cockatiel is the only member of the genus Nymphicus. It was previously considered
a crested parrot or small cockatoo; however, more recent molecular studies have assigned
it to its own unique Cockatoo subfamily Nymphicinae. It is, therefore, now classified as
the smallest of the Cacatuidae (Cockatoo family). Cockatiels are native to Australia, and
favour the Australian wetlands, scrublands, and bush lands.
Muntjacs, also known as barking deer and Mastreani deer, are small deer of the genus
Muntiacus. Muntjacs are the oldest known deer, appearing 1535 million years ago, with
remains found in Miocene deposits in France, Germany[1] and Poland.[2]

Description
The present-day species are native to South Asia and can be found in Sri Lanka, Southern
China, Taiwan, Japan (Boso Peninsula and shima Island), India and Indonesian islands.
They are also found in the lower Himalayas and in Burma. Inhabiting tropical regions,
the deer have no seasonal rut and mating can take place at any time of year; this
behaviour is retained by populations introduced to temperate countries.
The nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus), sometimes called nilgau, is the largest Asian
antelope. It is one of the most commonly seen wild animals of central and northern India,
often seen in farmland or scrub forest. The mature male appears ox-like and is also
known as the blue bull. A blue bull is called a nil gai or nilgai in India, from nil meaning
blue and gai meaning a bovine animal (literally 'cow'). It is also present in parts of
southern Nepal and eastern Pakistan. The species has become extinct in Bangladesh. It
was known as the nilghor (nil = blue, ghor = horse) during the rule of Aurangzeb in the
Mughal era.[2] It is the only member of genus Boselaphus.[3][4]
The chital or cheetal (Axis axis),[2] also known as chital deer, spotted deer or axis deer,
is a deer which commonly inhabits wooded regions of India, Sri Lanka, Nepal,
Bangladesh, Bhutan, and in small numbers in Pakistan. The chital goes by various names
in India, among which include: chital horin in Bengali, thith muwa in Sinhalese, jinke in
Kannada, pulli maan in Tamil and Malayalam, duppi in Telugu, phutuki horin in
Assamese, haran/harin in Marathi, and hiran in Hindi/Urdu (the latter two derived from
harini, the Sanskrit cognate for 'deer'). It is the most common deer species in Indian

forests. The name chital comes from the Bengali word chitral ()/chitra (), which
means "spotted". The chital is monotypic within the genus Axis, but this genus has also
included three species that now are placed in Hyelaphus based on genetic evidence.[3][4]
The hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), or hippo, from the ancient Greek for
"river horse" (), is a large, mostly herbivorous mammal in sub-Saharan
Africa, and one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae (the other is the
pygmy hippopotamus). After the elephant and rhinoceros, the hippopotamus is the thirdlargest type of land mammal and the heaviest extant artiodactyl. Despite their physical
resemblance to pigs and other terrestrial even-toed ungulates, their closest living relatives
are cetaceans (whales, porpoises, etc.) from which they diverged about 55 million years
ago. The common ancestor of whales and hippos split from other even-toed ungulates
around 60 million years ago. The earliest known hippopotamus fossils, belonging to the
genus Kenyapotamus in Africa, date to around 16 million years ago.
Python regius is a nonvenomous python species found in Africa. This is the smallest of
the African pythons and is popular in the pet trade, largely due to its typically docile
temperament. No subspecies are currently recognized.[2] It is also known as royal python
or ball python.[3] The name "ball python" refers to the animal's tendency to curl into a
ball when stressed or frightened.[4] The name "royal python" (from the Latin regius)
comes from the fact that rulers in Africa would wear the python as jewelry.
Hyenas or hyaenas (from Greek "" haina[1]) are the animals of the family
Hyaenidae /handi/ of the feliform suborder of the Carnivora. With only four species,
it is the fourth-smallest biological family in the Carnivora, and one of the smallest in the
class Mammalia.[2] Despite their low diversity, hyenas are unique and vital components to
most African and some Asian ecosystems.[3]
Although phylogenetically close to felines and viverrids, hyenas are behaviourally and
morphologically similar to canines in several aspects; both hyenas and canines are
nonarboreal, cursorial hunters that catch prey with their teeth rather than claws. Both eat
food quickly and may store it, and their calloused feet with large, blunt, nonretractable
nails are adapted for running and making sharp turns. However, the hyenas' grooming,
scent marking, defecating habits, mating, and parental behaviour are consistent with the
behaviour of other feliforms.[4]
Bears are mammals of the family Ursidae. They are caniforms, or doglike carnivorans,
with the pinnipeds being their closest living relatives. Although only eight species of
bears are extant, they are widespread, appearing in a wide variety of habitats throughout
the Northern Hemisphere and partially in the Southern Hemisphere. Bears are found on
the continents of North America, South America, Europe, and Asia.
Common characteristics of modern bears include large bodies with stocky legs, long
snouts, shaggy hair, plantigrade paws with five nonretractile claws, and short tails. The
polar bear is mostly carnivorous, the giant panda feeds almost entirely on bamboo, and
the remaining six species are omnivorous with varied diets.

The African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus), also known as the Grey Parrot, is a
parrot found in the primary and secondary rainforest of West and Central Africa. Experts
regard it as one of the most intelligent birds in the world. They feed primarily on palm
nuts, seeds, fruits, and leafy matter, but have also been observed eating snails. Their
overall gentle nature and their inclination and ability to mimic speech have made them
popular pets, which has led many to be captured from the wild and sold into the pet trade.
The African Grey Parrot is listed on CITES Appendix II, which restricts trade of wildcaught species because wild populations cannot sustain trapping for the pet trade.
The Military Macaw (Ara militaris) is a large parrot and a medium-sized member of the
macaw genus. Though considered vulnerable as a wild species, it is still commonly found
in the pet trade industry. A predominantly green bird, it is found in the forests of Mexico
and South America.
The Golden Pheasant or "Chinese Pheasant", (Chrysolophus pictus) is a gamebird of
the order Galliformes (gallinaceous birds) and the family Phasianidae. It is native to
forests in mountainous areas of western China, but feral populations have been
established in the United Kingdom and elsewhere. In England they may be found in East
Anglia in the dense forest landscape of the Breckland.
The adult male is 90105 cm in length, its tail accounting for two-thirds of the total
length. It is unmistakable with its golden crest and rump and bright red body. The deep
orange "cape" can be spread in display, appearing as an alternating black and orange fan
that covers all of the face except its bright yellow eye with a pinpoint black pupil.
The Grey Peacock-Pheasant (Polyplectron bicalcaratum), also known as Burmese
Peacock-Pheasant, is a large Southeast Asian member of the order Galliformes. It is the
national bird of Myanmar.

Description
It is a large pheasant, up to 76 cm long and greyish brown with finely spotted green
eyespots, an elongated bushy crest, bare pink or yellow facial skin, white throat, and grey
iris, bill and legs. The sexes are rather similar, but the female is smaller, darker and less
ornamented than the male. The young resemble the female.
The Indian Peafowl or Blue Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) is a large and brightly coloured
bird of the pheasant family native to South Asia, but introduced and semi-feral in many
other parts of the world. The species was first named and described by Linnaeus in 1758.
The name Pavo cristatus is still in use now. The male peacock is predominantly blue with
a fan-like crest of spatula-tipped wire-like feathers and is best known for the long train
made up of elongated upper-tail covert feathers which bear colourful eyespots. These stiff
and elongated feathers are raised into a fan and quivered in a display during courtship.

The budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) /bdrr/, also known as common pet

parakeet or shell parakeet and informally nicknamed the budgie, is a small, long-tailed,
seed-eating parrot. Budgerigars are the only species in the Australian genus
Melopsittacus, and are found wild throughout the drier parts of Australia where the
species has survived harsh inland conditions for the last five million years.[2] Budgerigars
are naturally green and yellow with black, scalloped markings on the nape, back, and
wings, but have been bred in captivity with colouring in blues, whites, yellows, greys,
and even with small crests.
The Common Hill Myna (Gracula religiosa), sometimes spelled "mynah" and formerly
simply known as Hill Myna, is the myna most commonly seen in aviculture, where it is
often simply referred to by the latter two names. It is a member of the starling family
(Sturnidae), resident in hill regions of South Asia and Southeast Asia. The Sri Lanka Hill
Myna, a former subspecies of G. religiosa, is now generally accepted as a separate
species G. ptilogenys. The Enggano Hill Myna (G. enganensis) and Nias Hill Myna (G.
robusta) are also widely accepted as specifically distinct, and many authors favor treating
the Southern Hill Myna (G. indica) from the Nilgiris and elsewhere in the Western Ghats
of India as a separate species.
The White-necked Crow (Corvus leucognaphalus) is the largest (4246 centimetres or
1718 inchesin length) of the four Caribbean crow species. Two other species, the Cuban
Crow (Corvus nasicus) and the Jamaican Crow (Corvus jamaicensis), appear to be very
closely related to it sharing several key morphological features. The fourth species from
this region, the Palm Crow (Corvus palmarum), would appear to be a later arrival (at
least in evolutionary terms) and shows affinities with the Fish Crow (C. ossifragus) of
North America and two Mexican species.
A stocky bird, this forest crow is now found principally on the large island of Hispaniola
that comprises the countries of Dominican Republic and Haiti. It was also found on
Puerto Rico but is now considered to be extinct on that island since the early 20th
Century due to considerable forest clearance and hunting. It inhabits both lowland and
mountain forest and unlike the related Cuban Crow, does not appear to tolerate areas that
have been cleared for farming. It often flies high over the forest canopy and soars on
thermals unlike the Palm Crow which rarely if ever soars.
Pigeons and doves constitute the bird clade Columbidae, that includes about 310
species. They are stout-bodied birds with short necks, and have short, slender bills with
fleshy ceres. Doves feed on seeds, fruits, and plants. This family occurs worldwide, but
the greatest variety is in the Indomalaya and Australasia ecozones.
In general, the terms "dove" and "pigeon" are used somewhat interchangeably. Pigeon
derives from the Latin pipio, for a "peeping" chick,[1] while dove is a Germanic word that
refers to the bird's diving flight.[2] In ornithological practice, "dove" tends to be used for
smaller species and "pigeon" for larger ones, but this is in no way consistently applied,
and historically, the common names for these birds involve a great deal of variation

between the terms. The species most commonly referred to as "pigeon" is the Feral Rock
Pigeon, common in many cities.
The Blossom-headed Parakeet (Psittacula roseata) is a parrot which is a resident
breeder in northeast India eastwards into Southeast Asia. It undergoes local movements,
driven mainly by the availability of the fruit and blossoms which make up its diet.
This is a green parrot, 30 cm long with a tail up to 18 cm. The male's head is pink
becoming pale blue on the back of the crown, nape and cheeks. There is a narrow black
neck collar and a black chin stripe.
Pelicans are a genus of large water birds comprising the family Pelecanidae. They are
characterised by a long beak and large throat pouch used in catching prey and draining
water from the scooped up contents before swallowing. They have predominantly pale
plumage, the exceptions being the Brown and Peruvian Pelicans. The bills, pouches and
bare facial skin of all species become brightly coloured before the breeding season. The
eight living pelican species have a patchy global distribution, ranging latitudinally from
the tropics to the temperate zone, though they are absent from interior South America as
well as from polar regions and the open ocean. Fossil evidence of pelicans dates back at
least 30 million years, to the remains of a beak very similar to that of modern species
recovered from Oligocene strata in France.
The American White Ibis (Eudocimus albus) is a species of bird in the ibis family
Threskiornithidae. It is found from the mid-Atlantic and Gulf Coast of the United States
south through most of the New World tropics.[2] This particular ibis is a medium-sized
bird with an overall white plumage, bright red-orange down-curved bill and long legs,
and black wing tips that are usually only visible in flight. Males are larger and have
longer bills than females. The breeding range runs along the Gulf and Atlantic Coast, and
the coasts of Mexico and Central America. Outside the breeding period, the range extends
further inland in North America and also includes the Caribbean. It is also found along
the northwestern South American coastline in Colombia and Venezuela. Populations in
central Venezuela overlap and interbreed with the Scarlet Ibis. The two have been
classified by some authorities as a single species.
The Sarus Crane (Grus antigone) is a large non-migratory crane found in parts of the
Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia and Australia. The tallest of the flying birds,
standing at a height of up to 1.8 m (5.9 ft),[3] they are conspicuous and iconic[4] species of
open wetlands. The Sarus Crane is easily distinguished from other cranes in the region by
the overall grey colour and the contrasting red head and upper neck. They forage on
marshes and shallow wetlands for roots, tubers, insects, crustaceans and small vertebrate
prey. Like other cranes, they form long-lasting pair-bonds and maintain territories within
which they perform territorial and courtship displays that include loud trumpeting, leaps
and dance-like movements.

The Painted Stork (Mycteria leucocephala) is a large wading bird in the stork family. It
is found in the wetlands of the plains of tropical Asia south of the Himalayas in the Indian
Subcontinent and extending into Southeast Asia. Their distinctive pink tertial feathers
give them their name. They forage in flocks in shallow waters along rivers or lakes. They
immerse their half open beaks in water and sweep them from side to side and snap up
their prey of small fish that are sensed by touch. As they wade along they also stir the
water with their feet to flush hiding fish. They nest colonially in trees, often along with
other waterbirds. The only sounds they produce are weak moans or bill clattering at the
nest. They are not migratory and only make short distance movements in some parts of
their range in response to food and for breeding. Like other storks, they are often seen
soaring on thermals.
The Great White Pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) also known as the Eastern White
Pelican, Rosy Pelican or White Pelican is a bird in the pelican family.[2] It breeds from
southeastern Europe through Asia and in Africa in swamps and shallow lakes.
The Demoiselle Crane (Anthropoides virgo) is a species of crane found in central
Eurasia, ranging from the Black Sea to Mongolia and North Eastern China. There is also
a small breeding population in Turkey. These cranes are migratory birds. Birds from
western Eurasia will spend the winter in Africa whilst the birds from Asia, Mongolia and
China will spend the winter in the Indian subcontinent. The bird is symbolically
significant in the culture of North India, where it is known as the koonj.[2]
The true finches are passerine birds in the family Fringillidae. They are predominantly
seed-eating songbirds. Most are native to the Northern Hemisphere, but one subfamily is
endemic to the Neotropics, one to the Hawaiian Islands, and one subfamily monotypic
at genus level is found only in the Palaearctic. The scientific name Fringillidae comes
from the Latin word fringilla for the Common Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) a member
of that last subfamily which is common in Europe.