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PHYSIOLOGY
Anatomy is the study of the functional areas or
parts of human body.
Physiology is the study of biological and chemical
processes in the human body.
Cells are the simplest units of living matter
that can maintain life and reproduce themselves.
Every person is made up of billions of cells. A cell
is composed of 3 major parts: a) the cell
membrane; b) the cell nucleus; (main body) and
c) cytoplasm (liquid).
HIMAS Asian Wellness and Spa Academy
22 Handbook on Spa and Massage
The human body can be likened to the
universe made up of very small parts organized to
function as a unit , according to Susan Salvo in her
Book, Massage Therapy, Principles and Practice.
The stages of life are as follows:
a) Chemical stage
deals with the
biochemistry of the body.
b) Cellular stage deals with cells and its
internal processes.
c) Tissue stage group of cells that
performs specific functions.
d) Organ stage contains two or more
groups that carry on
specific functions.
e) Organism stage
highest stage of
organization presenting a
living individual.
The human body systems:
A. Skeletal system - it consists of bones, cartilage,
ligaments and tendons and accounts for about 20
percent of the body weight. They provide a rigid
HIMAS Asian Wellness and Spa Academy
23 Handbook on Spa and Massage
frame work, known as the skeleton, that support
and protect the soft organs of the body. The large
bones of the lower limbs support the trunk when
standing. The skeleton also protects the soft body
parts. The fused bones of the cranium surround the
brain to protect it from injury. Vertebrae surround
and protect the spinal cord and bones of the rib
cage help protect the heart and lungs of the thorax.
Fast facts:
? There are 206 bones in the
human body.
? The bone which is
commonly broken is the
clavicle, also called the
collar bone.
? Bones help in the
production of white and
red blood cells.
B. Muscular System gives shape to the
individual?s physique. It also helps in the
movement of the body by contraction.
Fast facts:
? An adult person have at least 650