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Omics' technologies allows the simultaneous measure of many thousands of parameters from a single
sample.Together with new statistical methods we are able to tackle very large databases and systems o
that would allow us to extract knowledge in order to better understand phenotypes of diseases and
also come up with diagnoses.With the sequencing of human genome we have seen a great increase in
the various types of omics. The main goal of proteomic and metabolomic is to elucidate some of the
biomarkers that are involved in the disease processes, Identifying key drug targets that hold the key to
treating various types of diseases with minimal effects,reduction of toxicity of drugs that could potential
be useful in treating diseases and some of the clinical pathways that proteomic and metabolomic
could take in the future. The ability to apply all this newly found knowledge to the clinic is the next big
challenge of the 21st century.

Biomarkers are defined as measurable characteristics that reflect physiological, and

pharmacological disease processes.The main clinical applications of protemic and
metabolomic reside within the discovery of biomarkers. These biomarkers function as
diagnostic tool for many types of diseases like cancer. Biomakers have allowed the ability to
differentiate between the ill patients verus the healthy patients .They could help with prevention
by early detection and monitoring the progression of diseases.In metabolomic study they use
tools like statistical methods, mass spectrometry and NMR techniques that are high throughput
with high resolution to identify various types of diseases..Its very critical for pharmaceutical
companies to look for those biomarkers for diseases during clinical trial because it would allow
them to make durgs that would work versus drugs that dont.In one study they have identified
five metabolites that were different between non invase tumors and invasive tumors in gastric
cancer patients. These selected tissue metabolites could be used in the future for the diagnoses
of gastric cancer and this would help pateints get the proper diagnoses to fight it.Next,

proteomic studies based approach involves the usage of Gprotein-couple receptors,

ionchannels,enzymes, and parts of hormone signal pathways.Also, it could be useful by linking
proteinprotein interaction approach to help in making hypothesis generation and identification
of new targets for drugs to work on. Proteomic based biomarkers investiagation can be used in
many areas of medicine such as elucidating pathways effected by disease. It is also helpful
identifying individuals who are likely to get the disease as far as prognosis and predication of
response to certain types of drugs is concerened. Working with biomarker could also be used in
patient monitoring such as testing for normalization of biomarker signature in response to
treatment. On the other hand, it could screen for reapperance of the charcteristics of the aberrent
disease signature.The use of metabolomics and proteomic equates to improvement in pateint care
by using these biomarkers as tools for personalized medicine.
The drug targets are another area where by pharmaceuticals focus on. Drug discovery and its
development relay on the many geno type cell of animal model used for target identification
and validation. The biomechemical bases of many diseases come from the activities of many
types particular enzymes. Not only do Metabolomic profiles diagnoses for biomarkers but also
drug targets and the exploration of new treatment ways . For example, metabolomic biomarkers
might be used to distinguish between on-target and off-target effects of a candidate drugs. since
unwanted side-effects particularly the rare or unpredictable type may arise from the drugs offtarget effects. These may be mirrored positively `in molecular changes that are visible through
metabolomic or proteomic analyses.The change of cellular metabolic stages involves the
combination of changes within the genome, transcriptome, and proteome. Therefore,
metabolomic will be an excellent complementary tool in drug target identification. Serum
metabolomic anyalsis of Chen et al.identified stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1(SCD1) and its related

associated lipid species which now serve as potential targets for treatments of inflammation
types of diseases. They have also identified 37 metabolites that are genetic traits that are
inherted and could be the culprit of many various diseases.The identification of those disease
associated metabolic traits could lead to new hypothesis that could help those pharmaceutical
researchers to come up with drugs that would work.Within those genes SLC16A9 (MCT9)was
shown to be carnitine efflux transporter and its also responsible for the carnitine efflux
absorption from the epithelian cells and into the blood.Another example of metabolomic is
research was conducted to study the characterization of metabolic response of Huh 7.5 cells to
genomic agitation of HIF-1. The result showed a new therapeutic target by confirming HIF-1 to
have regulatory role in tumor energy metabolism.The other omic proteomics technolologies are
improving the applications that are invovlved in drug target identifications , validation and
assessment.Because proteins inner works are complex and scientist dont fully understand the
inevitable affect of more than then the intended target.Proteomics approaches can now be used to
assess the effects of a promising compound in cellular context.Due to the above problem lead to
the development of pharmacoproteomics to closely examine proteins and figure out those durg
targets.The need to completely understand those potential anti targets and off targets to better
evaluate the efficacy of certain drug types or if they show adverse interactions will be
known.This in turn will give help elucidate the mechanism of action, for example a registered
drug named kinase inhibitor has already been validated in vitro studies to be against limited
types of proteins. The other thing researchers are now looking at mapping the drug induced
changes on the proteome and this might help find targets and refine it for it to work better. A
great example small molecule ATP which mimics and targets kinases like the BCR-ARL kinase
inhibitor. This inhibitor is called imatinib and its a well known marketed drug by the name of

Gleevec or Novartis.With the help of chemical proteomics, proteins that were targeted by kinase
inhibitors were identified.Although chemical proteomics helps in providing information on direct
targets , it doesnt uncover the effects of drugs on complex biological system. Therefore, with
advent of technological arena of omics we might overcome all these complex issues that are
unsolvable now.
Toxicity is another major area that could help in making drugs that are safe and effective. The
main goal here is coming up drugs that would have lesser adverse reaction