Chng 2.

May nng va vn chuyn

CHNG II
MAY NNG- CHUYN
2.1 nh ngha va phn loai
2.1.1 nh ngha: May nng chuyn la nhng thit b dung nng chuyn cac
loai hang kin, hang ri, vt liu long, . . . t ni nay sang ni khac theo mt chu
trnh lam vic nht nh
May nng chuyn c s dung rng rai trong nganh GTVT, nganh Xy
Dng va cac nganh kinh t quc dn khac.
2.1.2 Phn loai: da vao kp cu va cng dung cua chung ta co cac loai sau
- May nng chuyn n gian: la nhng may ch co c cu nng ha hang,
chung ch co kha nng nng ha hang theo phng thng ng, phng nghing
hoc keo hang theo phng ngang. o la cac loai: Kch, ti keo, Pa lng.
- May nng chuyn phc tap: la nhng may co cu tao gm nhiu c cu,
am bao nng ha hang mt chiu cao nht nh. No co th di chuyn hang theo
phng thng ng, phng nghing (hoc cong), co pham vi rt rng. Loai may
nay gm cac loai cn truc, cu truc, may nng t hanh,. . . nhng may nay c
dn ng bng tay hoc bng may.
2.2 May Nng
Tuy theo c tnh nng ma chung ta se s dung thit b nng phu hp.

Kch:
Nng vt co khi lng ln
Chiu cao nng nho, thng t 0,5-0,7m

Ti xy dng
Keo hay nng vt nng
Chiu cao nng kha ln

Palng
Treo vao mt im ta
Nng hay keo vt nng

Thang nng xy dng
Co h thng dn hng cng theo phng thng ng
Nng vt co khi lng kha ln

Cn truc thap c nh
Nng vt nng
Tm vi khac nhau
Quay xung quanh c 3600 , nhng khng di chuyn

Cn truc t hanh
T di chuyn

Cn truc kiu cu
10

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

Nng vt nng ln cao va di chuyn trong mt khu vc nh

trc

2.2.1 Kch
2.2.1a Kch thanh rng: Dung nng vt nng co tai trong t 3-6tn va chiu cao
nng t 0.4 - 0.6m. No c s dung vao vic lp rap cac kt cu thep, nng vt
nng trong cng tac thao lp.

a) hnh chung; b) Phanh t ng; c) mt ct

Lc P cn thit tac dung ln tay quay nng vt
Q.d
P=
2 R.i.
P - Lc quay nng vt nng Q (KG)
d - k. vong tron chia cua banh rng dn ng thanh rng, m;
R - chiu dai lam vic cua tay quay,m;
i - ty s truyn ng banh rng
- hiu sut cua c cu kch
Vi kch khng co banh rng truyn ng trung gian = 0.80 n 0.85
Vi kch co banh rng truyn ng trung gian = 0.67 n 0.85
2.2.1b Kch thuy lc

11

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

Lc tac ng ln tay quay nng vt

d2 a 1
P t= Q 2 . .
D l
Q - trong lng vt nng (KG)
d, D, a, l - ng knh cac xi lanh va canh tay on cua tay quay (m)
: Hiu sut chung cua truyn ng 0.75 n 0.80
Khi nng cac kt cu cng trnh ln nh nhp cu, tng lp ghep sn cua
nha, . . . ti hang nghn tn, ngi ta dung mt s kch ni lai thanh mt b co
cht long nap t mt tram bm. Cac van phn phi va cac khoa cho phep cac kch
co th lam vic c lp.
2.2.1c Kch vch

S cu tao kch vch

Lc nng cn thit nng vt nng Q c xac nh
Q
Pmax=
tg( ) KG
r.l
Trong o:
Q- tai trong hang nng ( KG)
r- ban khnh trung bnh cua truc vt (m)
l- chiu dai tay quay (m)
- goc nng ren vch ()

12

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

- goc ma sat, (+)khi nng vt va (-) khi ha vt

hang co th gi mt v tr nao o khi nng, tc la truc vch khng
quay ngc lai phai am bao iu kin t ham tc < , ngi ta thng ly =
4 n 6
Kch vch thng ch tao ra vi tai trong nng t 2 n 50 tn, khi tai trong
ln hn 20 tn thng t thm b truyn truc vch- banh vch giam nhe lc
tac ng ln tay quay. Ngi ta thng s dung kch vch trong lp rap va sa
cha hoc c gii hoa cac cng vic nng cp pha, gian giao,kt cu d, . . .
2.2.2 Ti keo
2.2.2a Ti quay tay
Ti quay tay c ln co sc nng 0.5 n 10 tn, lng cap cun trn tang la
100 n 300m; ti c nho sc nng t 0.25 n 0.5 tn lng cap cun trn tang la
50 n 100m

Tai trong nng cho phep c xac nh theo cng thc

R
Q= .P..i
( tn)
r
Trong o: Q - tai trong nng ( tn)
R,r - Ban knh tay quay va ban knh tang trng (m)
i- Ty s truyn
- Hiu sut truyn ng ( 0.65 n 0.85 )
Moment trn tang cun cap M = Md .i. ( N)
Md= P.l.a.k , la moment dn ng tay quay
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Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

a: s ngi phuc vu
k: h s lam vic khng u( k = 0,8 khi hai ngi tac dung
lc vao tay quay, k=0,7 khi 4 ngi lam vic)
2.2.2b Ti in ao chiu
Cac loai ti in c nho co sc nng t 0.5 n 7.5 tn, vi tc nng t
0.4 n 0.6m/s th lng cap cun trn tang t 15 n 450m. cac ti loai ln co sc
nng n 75 tn, tc nng 0.07m/s th lng cap trn tang la 1600m
Tai trong nng cho phep cua ti in c xac nh
M .i.
Q = dc (tn)
RT
Trong o :

Mc - M men quay cua ng c

i- ty s truyn
RT- Ban knh tang trng
- Hiu sut b ti

Ti in ao chiu

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Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

2.2.3 Palng

S dn ng: a) ti quay tay; b) ti in

Palng in

Palng xch
Lc tac dung vao tay xch nng vt
R
Q = 2.i.p..
r
Trong o: i, - t s truyn va hiu sut cua b truyn truc vt, banh vt
R, r- ban knh vong tron chia cua a xch 6 va 3

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Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

2.2.4 Cn Truc: La loai may nng hang hoat ng co chu ky, dung nng ha
hang theo phng thng ng va di chuyn hang theo phng ngang trong khu
vc xy dng, bc d. Thao lp may trong cac nha may hoc phn xng sa
cha.
2.2.4a Cn truc nho: Thng c s dung trong cng tac nng ha vt liu
xy dng, cng tac thao lp may khi sa cha. u im cua loai cn truc nay la
trong lng ban thn va kch thc nho, n gian v kt cu thao lp d dang va
an toan trong qua trnh lam vic.
* Loai cn truc c nh

* Loai cn truc di ng: loai nay dung nng cac loai hang hoa, vt liu
xy dng hoc cac loai btng uc sn( tm panen), co th dung trong cng tac
thao lp may.
Cn truc nay co goc quay 3600 vi tai trong nng Q = 0.5 n 0.8T
Chiu cao nngH= 3 n 6m
Tm vi R= 3 n 3.65m

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Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

2.2.4b Cn truc thap: la thit b nng chu yu dung trong cac cng trnh xy dng
dn dung, xy dng cng nghip, cac cng trnh thuy in, thuy li,. . Cn truc
thap co nhiu u im so vi cac cn truc khac chiu cao nng, tm vi va tai
trong nng ln, ngoai ra cn truc thap co kt cu hp l, d thao lp va vn
chuyn.
Trong xy dng nha dn dung thng s dung cac cn truc thap co tai
trong nng 3 - 10 tn, tm vi n 25m va chiu cao nng n 50m. c im cua
cac loai cn truc nay la co tnh c ng cao, khi lam vic co th di chuyn trn
ng ray, thao lp va vn chuyn d dang. xy dng nha cao tng va cac
thap co cao ln ngi ta dung cac loai cn truc thap c nh neo vao cng
trnh, cn truc thap t nng, co chiu cao nng n 150m va tm vi n 50m.
Mt s cn truc co tm vi n 70m do o co th bao quat c toan b cng
trnh ang thi cng mc du thap t c nh mt ch. Trong xy dng cng
nghip ngi ta co cn truc thap chuyn dung co tai trong nng n 80 tn, tm
vi 25 n 45m va chiu cao nng 50 n 80m.

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Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

* Cn truc thap vi thap quay

Cn truc thap KB-504

a) cn nm ngang; b) cn nghing 30o
I- tm vi L= 35m; II- Tm vi L= 40m; III- tm vi L= 45m

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Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

* Cn truc thap co u quay( thap khng quay)

Cn truc thap KB-674A

a) s cu tao; cac s mc cap; b) di chuyn i trong; c) di chuyn xe con; d)
nng vt vi a= 4; e) nng vt vi a= 2
f) c tnh tai trong cua KB-674A

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Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

* Cn truc thap c nh neo vao cng trnh, dung trong xy dng nha cao
tng

a) s cu tao; b) s mc cap nng vt vi hai c cu dn ng; thanh ging;

d) s cap lp dng

20

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

Cn truc thap c nh potain, s ni thap t pha trn

S ni thap t phia trn, oan thap trn lng vao thap c nh

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Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

* Cn truc thap chuyn dung trong xd dn dung va cng nghip

Iquan h gia chiu cao nng cua moc treo phu va tm vi

IIquan h gia chiu cao nng cua moc treo chnh va tm vi
III va IV- quan h gia tai trong nng cua moc treo chnh va tm vi tng
ng vi bi sut palng nng vt a= 4 va a=2
V- Tai trong nng cua moc treo phu

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Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

2.2.4c Cn truc t hanh: la loai cn truc khng cn cung cp nng lng t bn

ngoai trong qua trnh lam vic. Cn truc t hanh s dung rng rai trn cac kho,
bai hoc lp rap trong xy dng dn dung va cng nghip. u im chnh cua
cn truc t hanh la lam vic c lp, co tnh c ng cao. V vy no con c goi
la cn truc kiu cn quay, di ng van nng.
Theo kt cu phn di chuyn ta co cac loai cn truc t, cn truc banh lp,
cn truc xch, cn truc ng st va cn truc may keo

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Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

Cn truc t dn ng chung

24

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

Cn truc t dn ng thuy lc

25

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

Cn truc banh lp

26

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

Cn truc xch

27

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

2.2.4d Cn truc kiu cng truc

2.2.4e Cn truc cap

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Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

2.2.5 Khai thac cn truc

2.2.5a Nng sut cn truc

Nng sut s dung trung bnh cua cn truc dung trong xy dng c xac
nh theo cng thc
Nsd = Q. kq . ktg. n (t/h)
Trong o: Q- tai trong nng cua cn truc ( tn)
Kq va ktg- h s s dung tai trong nng va h s s dung thi
gian, ly theo thit b mang vt: vi vi moc treo Kq=0.8 n 0.9, Ktg= 0.8 n 0.88;
vi gu ngoam kq= 0.8 n 0.9, Ktg= 0.85 n 0.95
3600
n=
- s chu ky lam vic cua cn truc trong mot gi vi
tck
tck la thi gian trung bnh cua mt chu ky lam vic (s)

29

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

Trong trng hp tng quat, mt chu ky lam vic bao gm cac thi gian
sau:
tck= tn+ th+ 2tc+ 2tq+ 2ttv+ t1+ t2+ tp
H +h
trong o: tn= 1
- thi gian nng vt
vn

(s)

H1 : chiu cao cua cng trnh (m)

h: khoang cach t mt trn cua cng trnh n mt di cua
vt nng (m)
vn: tc nng (m/s)
t h=

H1 + h
- thi gian ha moc treo khng tai sau khi da lp t vt nng vao
vh

v tr cn thit vi tc ha nhanh( nu cn truc co hai tc ha) rut ngn thi

gian ha
th= tn nu tc ha bng tc nng
l
tdc= 0 - thi gian di chuyn cn truc
vdc
lo- chiu dai quang ng di chuyn (m)
vdc- tc di chuyn cn truc ( m/s)
tq =

6nq

- thi gian quay

- goc quay cua cn truc ()

nq- tc quay cua cn truc (vg/ph)
ttv=

l1
- thi gian thay i tm vi
vtv

l1- quang ng vt nng di chuyn theo phng ngang khi thay

i tm vi (m)
vtv- tc thay i tm vi (m/s)
h
t1=
- thi gian ha hang xung v tr lp rap
v0
v0- tc ha lp rap (m/s)
h
t2=
- thi gian nng moc treo ln v tr lp rap sau khi a d hang
vn
tp- thi gian cac cng vic lam bng tay( i vi moc treo )gm thi gian
buc hang, thi gian gi hang trn moc treo v tr lp rap chnh va c nh,
thi gian d moc treo va dy chng khoi hang
Nng sut s dung cn truc theo ca hoc nm:
Nca(nm)= Nsd.T (t/ca(nm))
Trong o T la s gi s dung may trong ca (nm) xac nh theo ch lam
vic thc t cua cn truc.

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Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

3.10.1-

Tnh n nh cua cn truc

S kim tra n nh cua cn truc kiu cn

a) n nh khi co tai; b) n nh khi khng tai
H s n nh khi co tai c xac nh theo cng thc:
M M W M qt
k01= G
1.15
MQ
trong o: MG= G[(b+c)cos - hsin] - momen gi do trong lng ban thn cn
truc ( k ca i trong), G co trong tm la c, h
MQ= Q(A-b)- mmen lt do trong lng vt nng Q vi tm vi ln
nht cua cn truc A.
MW= W1a + W2L- momen lt do gio vi W1 la lc gio ln nht
trang thai lam vic tac dung ln cn truc va W2 la lc gio ln nht trang thai lam
vic tac dung ln vt nng qui v u cn.
Mtg = Mh + Mdc + Mlt- momen lt do cac lc: quan tnh cua lc nng khi
phanh trong qua trnh ha vt; quan tnh cua cn truc va vt nng khi phanh c
cu di chuyn; quan tnh li tm cua vt nng khi quay
Q v
Mh= . h (A-b)
g t1
vh- tc ha vt
t1- thi gian phanh vt nng trong qua trnh ha
G vdc
Q v
Mdc= .
. h + . dc .L
g t2
g t2
vdc- tc di chuyn cua cn truc
t2- thi gian phanh cua c cu di chuyn( lc quan tnh cua vt nng
Q khi phanh c cu di chuyn c qui v u cn nn co canh tay on la L)

31

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

Khi quay cn truc, xut hin lc li tm quan tnh cua vt nng

Q
.n
F= . w2. r ; w =
; r = A + Htg
30
g
n- tc quay cua cn truc (vg/ph)
- goc nghing cua cap khi quay do tac dung cua lc li tm va tg =
Error!
Tao ra momen Mlt=F. L (qui v u cn)
H s n nh k01 phai c xac nh khi cn co tm vi ln nht va hai
v tr: cn nm vung goc vi canh lt va cn nm tao goc 450 so vi canh lt
H s n nh tnh khi co tai
M
G (b + c)
K02= G =
1.4
MQ
Q ( a b)
H s n nh cua cn truc trong trang thai khng lam vic
G (b c ' ) cos h ' sin
M
K03= G =
1.15
W0 a '
MW

2.3
May vn chuyn
2.3.1 c im chung
Trong xy dng ngi ta s dung cac phng tin vn chuyn trn
b, ng thuy. Phn ln cac thit b va vt liu c vn chuyn bng
ng b: t, may keo, xe la... vic la chon phng tin vn chuyn
phu thuc vao c im, khi lng vt liu, c ly va thi gian vn
chuyn.
Hn 80% khi lng t a, vt liu xy dng, kt cu xy dng, thit b
may moc u dung t, may keo u keo lam phng tin vn chuyn.
Chi ph vn chuyn cho cac phng tin nay chim ti 15% gia thanh xy
lp, do tnh linh ng cua cac phng tin.
Phn loai cac thit b vn chuyn:
Phng tin vn tai co cng dung chung: t vn tai, u keo, rmooc
dung vn chuyn hang hoa thng dung.
Phng tin vn chuyn chuyn dung: cac thit b dung vn chuyn
ng ng, panen, dan thep, cac thit b siu nng.
Phng tin vn chuyn trn sng hay trn bin rt hiu qua nu tai
cng trnh co bn bc xp hang hoa, vt liu ln t.
Vn chuyn, lp rap bng ng hang khng ch thc hin trong
nhng trng hp c bit tai vung nui non him tr khng th s
dung cac phng tin khac. Trong trng hp nay thng dung may
bay trc thng.
May vn chuyn lin tuc va thit b vn chuyn bng khng kh nen.
2.3.2 t vn chuyn, may keo, u keo

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Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

2.3.2a t tai.
Xe t tai gm ng c, thung xe, khung xe(satxi). Thn xe t co vu tao
khac nhau phu hp vi loai hang hoa.
Trong nganh xy dng s dung nhiu loai xe vn tai co tai trong t 3-30
tn. Nhiu hang ch tao xe ni tin nh Catepillar(My), Komatsu (Nht), Volvo (
Thuy in),... san xut nhiu loai xe co tai trong ti 100 tn, cng sut ng c ti
700 kW va u keo n 200 tn.
May keo banh lp co tc linh hoat va co tc ln nht la 40 km/h, ap
lc ln t ln (0,2-0,35 Mpa). Do o no kho di chuyn trn ng tam vi tai ln.
Trong trng hp nay ngi ta dung xe banh xch.
t vn tai
a) thung xe h
b) xe co kha nng thng qua ln
c) u keo

2.3.2b May keo xch va may keo banh lp

Cac loai nay dung keo hang nng hoc ng tam thi. Cac loai may keo
nay co th dung nh mt u keo rmooc hay may c s cua cac may xy dng (
may cap, may ui, may ao, cn truc...). may keo xch co ap lc ring ln t nho (
0,1 Mpa), hiu xut keo va sc bam cao nn co kha nng keo nng hn banh lp.
Tc di chuyn ti a khng qua 12 km/h.
2.3.2c u keo
u keo dung lam may c s cho may xy dng hay dung lam rmooc.
u keo co tc cao va sc keo ln ( 50km/h).
2.3.3 Cac phng tin vn chuyn chuyn dung
t t

Hnh t t

33

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

t co rmooc

Hnh t rmooc
Smi rmooc ch bitum long

Hnh Xe ch bitum long

Xe ch ng ng

Hnh Xe ch ng ng

34

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

Xe ch panen

Hnh Xe ch panen
Xe ch congten
Xe ch hang nng

Hnh 2. Xe ch cngten

35

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

2.3.4 Tnh toan lc keo t vn tai

Tnh toan lc keo cua t vn tai nhm xac nh ch lam vic ti u,
tuy theo iu kin ng sa, phat huy cng sut va nng sut ti a.
iu kin cn va u t tai i chuyn:
P < Pk < Pb
Trong o:
P tng lc can di chuyn cua t tai
Pk
lc keo tip tuyn cua t tai
Pb
lc bam cua banh xe va mt ng (Pb = Gb.).
Gb: Phn trong lng xe tac ng ln banh chu ng ( trong
lng bam); h s bam.
Lc can di chuyn cua xe tai:

P = P

Pi + Pw + Pj

Trong o:
Pf: lc can ln do bin dang cua lp xe va cua ng va ma
sat gia lp xe va mt ng.
Pi: lc can dc
Pw: lc can khng kh
Pj: lc can quan tnh do co gia tc
Trong tng hp t chuyn ng u ( khng co gia tc) Pj = 0. Do t
chay trn cng trng va trn ng vi vn tc khng ln (50km/h) nn phn
lc can Pw co th bo qua.
Lc keo tip tuyn tao ra cho banh xe mt lc Pk c tnh n sau:
N
Pk = 3600
v
Trong o:
N
cng sut danh nghaa cua t, kW
v
vn tc cua t, km/h

0,85 - 0,95 hiu sut cua h truyn ng t ng c ti

cac banh xe chu ng
H s can ln f va h s bam
Loai
ng
Atphan
btng
ng
t
Nn kh

Banh lp
Ap sut cao

Banh xch
Ap sut thp

0.015-0.02

0.7-0.8

0.2

0.7-0.8

0.02-0.06

0.6-0.7

0.025-0.035

0.4-0.6

36

0.06-0.07

0.8-1.0

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

t bn
t
Ti xp

0.13-0.25

0.1-0.3

0.15-0.2

0.15-0.25

0.12-0.15

0.5-0.6

0.2-0.3

0.3-0.4

0.1-0.2

0.4-0.6

0.07-0.1

0.6-0.7

Cht dnh
Cat
t

0.1-0.2

0.4-0.6

0.1-0.15

0.5-0.7

0.08

0.8-1.0

0.1-0.4

0.06-0.15

0.4-0.5

0.05-0.1

0.6-0.7

Kh

0.4-0.5

0.3-0.6
0.250.3

0.2-0.3

0.2-0.4

0.15-0.2

0.4-0.5

0.25

0.1

0.3

0.15

0.02

0.7-0.8

0.06

0.5-0.6

Ly
btng

0.015-0.02

0.7-0.8

c tnh ky thut cua xe t t

Thng s
Cng
sut(kw)
Khi lng(
kg)
Dung tch
thung
xe(m3)
Tai trong(
tn)
Tc (
km/h)

GAZ
-53B
84

MAZ503A
132

KrAZ
-256b*
176

Euclid*
R32
295

KaMAZ
5511
132

Capter
pilliar
336

Komatsu BelAZ
HD205-3* 549
220

3750

7100

10850

23600

9000

31000

19100

26925

3.0

5.0

6.0

21.0

5.0

17.5

15.5

26

3.5

4.5

11

32

6.9

36

20

40

80

75

65

57

50

75

50

55

2.3.5 May vn chuyn lin tuc

2.3.5a Bng tai: bng tai c s dung rng rai vn chuyn vt liu theo
phng ngang hoc nghing. Chung co nng sut cao( ti hang nghn tn/h) va
co th vn chuyn i xa ti hang cy s. Trong xy dng thng dung loai bng
tai c nh va bng tai di ng.
Bng tai di ng vn chuyn vt liu c li 10-15m va d vt liu c li 24m.
Bng tai c nh co khung b lam tng oan 2-3m lp rat lai vi nhau,
bng tai nay thng dai 50-100m va co th tng giam chiu dai bng cach thm
bt cac oan khung theo tnh toan
Bng la b phn mang vt liu va la b phn keo. Hay dung nht la loai
bng vai cao su, gm cac lp vai bn xen ke cac lp cao su va boc xung quanh

37

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

bng lp cao su. Lp vai bn la loai chuyn dung lam ai, lp cao su boc ngoai
pha trn dy hn pha di
Chiu rng bng tai cung nh s lp cao su cua bng tai u la nhng s
liu tiu chun hoa. B = 0,4 - 1,6m.
S lp vai c xac nh theo cng thc:
S max
B.K
B - chiu rng bng, m;
K - tai trong pha hong cho phep cua mt lp vai co chiu rng 1m,

i=

Vi:
N;

Smax - lc keo bng ln nht nhanh cun vao n ng.

Lc keo: P=T-t
T - lc cn trn nhanh cun
t - lc cn trn nhanh nha
Trong bng tai, lc n ng c truyn t tang dn qua bng nh ma
sat. V vy bng khoi b trt trn tang dn phai am bao theo yu cu cua
cng thc le.
T = t.e f .
Vi: f - h s ma sat gia bng va tang dn; - goc m cua bng trn tang.
1
Vy P = T( 1- . f )
e

38

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

Nng sut bng tai xac nh theo cng thc:

Q = 3600F.v. (t/h)
F- din tch mt ct cua vt liu trn bng (m2)
v- tc vn chuyn vt liu (m/s)
- khi lng ring cua vt liu ( kg/m3)
b h1
0,8 B 0,4 B tg 1
c=
c = 0,04 B 2 c
2
2
b+a
b2 a2
F2 =
h2 =
tg 20 0
2
2
c- h s tnh theo goc nghing cua bng tai
= 0 - 10, c=1
= 10-15, c= 0.95
= 15-20, c= 0.9
> 20, c= 0.85
i vi vt th khi
3600 v
Q=
l
F1 =

2.3.5b

l - khoang cach gia cac khi

Xch tm tai

(m)

Hnh Bng tai co c cu bng xch

a) xch tai tm;b) bng gat

39

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

2.3.5c Vt tai

Vt tai
a)cu tao chung;b)canh vt lin;
c)canh vt h;d,e)canh vch khng lin tuc
Vt tai dung vn chuyn vt liu ri ti xp, deo nh xi mng, cat bt...
theo phng ngang hoc phng nghing ti 200, c ly 30-40m, nng sut 20 - 40
m3/h.
Vt tai co u im la kt cu n gian, kch thc nho gon vt liu c
che knh khng tht thoat va gy nhim mi trng. Tuy theo tnh
cht va kch thc cua vt liu ma s dung cac loai canh vt co hnh dang khac
nhau.
Nng sut cua vch tai c xac nh theo cng thc
N = 3600 F. v. ( m3/h)
.D 2
F=
. . c , la din tch trung bnh cua tit din dong vt liu
4
trong ng mang (m2)
D- ng knh ngoai cua canh vt (m)
- h s lam y cua tit din mang, phu thuc vao tnh cht cua
vt liu:
Vi vt liu xp( xi mng, cat kh) = 0.3 n 0.45
Vi vt liu cuc nho( soi, x) = 0.3 n 0.45
Vi vt liu dnh m, dung dch = 0.3 n 0.45
H s tnh n s lam giam s y cua tit din mang khi bng t
nghing. H s c thay i tuy theo goc nghing

0o
5o
10o
15o
20o
c
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.65
v- tc chuyn ng cua vt liu trn bng vt
S .n
v=
(m/s)
60
40

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

S- bc vt (m)
n- s vong quay cua vt ( vg/ph)
2.3.5d Gu tai

Gu tai
c s dung rng rai trong cac x nghip san xut b tng va b tng
nha cung nh dung cac x nghip xy dng ng st vn chuyn cac loai
hang xp nh xi mng, cat soi, t xp vun, cac loai hang cuc vun, . . . theo
phng thng ng hay nghing mt goc nho hn 600. Bng gu co kch thc
nho gon, co chiu cao nng tng i ln( n 50m)
Nng sut co th at t 5 n 140m3/h

41

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

Trong qua trnh lam vic gu va thit b keo gu co th gp phai lc can

phat sinh rt ln do qua trnh xuc, nap vt liu vao gu, lc nay ln se lam h
hong gu, lam t thit b keo, do o vn tc di chuyn cua gu ch nn nho di
1m/s
Nng sut gu c xac nh theo cng thc
q
N = 3,6 . v. . k (t/h)
T
v- vn tc vn chuyn vt liu (m/s)
- trong lng ring cua vt liu ( KG/m2)
T- bc gu( khoang cach gia cac gu) (m)
q- dung tch gu
k- h s y gu( k= 0.6 n 0.85)
2.3.5e May vn chuyn bng khng kh nen

Xe ch xi mng ri

42

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

2.3.5f May bc xuc

Xe nng hang

Xe nng hang
2.7.1-

May xuc lt

May xuc lt v pha trc

43

Chng 2. May nng va vn chuyn

May xuc lt quay na vong

Thang nng( vn thng)

44