J. Pure Appl. & Ind. Phys. Vol.

3 (1), 57-61 (2013)

Analysis of DW and RDW Methods in the Excitation of

Sr Atom by Electron Impact
KAPIL SIROHI1, PUSHPENDRA SINGH2, SACHIN KUMAR2,
PRADEEP KUMAR2, NEMPAL SINGH2, and JITENDRA SINGH3
1

Department of Basic Education,

Mordabad,U.P., INDIA.
2
Department of Applied Sciences,
Indraprastha Institute of Technology, Amroha, U.P., INDIA.
3
Department of Physics,
K.G.K. College, Moradabad, U.P., INDIA.
(Received on: December 9, 2012)
ABSTRACT
Electron impact excitation of atoms has been most extensively
studied subject in the field of atomic collision. Present paper
carries out non-relativistic distorted wave (DW) and relativistic
distorted wave (RDW) approximation method to study the
electron impact excitation of n1D state of Strontium atom from
ground state n1S state. Differential Cross-Section (DCS) results
are presented at 15, 45, 75 and 105eV incident electron energies.
Keywords: Relativistic Distorted Wave (RDW), Non-Relativistic
Distorted Wave (DW), Differential Cross Section (DCS).

1. INTRODUCTION
In the field of atomic collisions, the
subject of electron-atom scattering has
received the maximum attention. It is still of
great interest and currently is a very rapidly
expanding field in both the theoretical and
experimental domains1,2,5,7,12,13 there has
been considerable interest and progress in
the recent years for theoretically and
experimentally in the study of electron
impact excitation of atoms. Most of the

earlier studies on electron impact excitation

of atoms have been confined on s-s and s-p
transitions1-5. The excitation of the d states
of atoms is of increasing interest. The study
of d state excitation is confined to simpler
form like helium7,8. In non-relativistic theory
different bound atomic states are taken by
Hartree Fock wave function which is
obtained by Fischers code11. In relativistic
distorted theory the dirac wave function are
obtained by Graps program of Prapia et al.
Good agreement has been found on

Journal of Pure Applied and Industrial Physics Vol.3, Issue 1, 1 January, 2013, Pages (1-67)

58

Kapil Sirohi, et al., J. Pure Appl. & Ind. Phys. Vol.3 (1), 57-61 (2013)

comparison of both dw and rdw methods

with each other at 15,45,75 and 105ev.
2. THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
T-matrix in DW Approximation
The Sr atom is treated as two electron systems and the effect of core
electrons is incorporated in the form of a
core potential. The transition matrix for the
electron impact excitation of Sr atom from
its initial state i to a final magnetic sub-state
fM in the distorted wave approximation
(DW) can be written as
Tif M = fM V U f A i+

Where A is the antisymmetrization

operator and V is the total interaction
potential between the target alkaline earth
atom and the projectile electron is expressed
by (atomic units are used throughout)

V=

2
1
1
+
+
+ V core (r3 )
r1 r3
r3 r2 r3

Here r1, r2 and r3 are respectively the

position co-ordinates of the target valence
electrons and the projectile electron with
respect to the target nucleus. Further, the
core potential, Vcore, of the alkaline earth
atom is given by

core

R nl (r ) r 2 dr

n =1

r>

= N nl

Where Nnl represents the occupation number

of the electrons in different orbitals referred
to by n and l quantum numbers and Rnl is the
corresponding radial wave functions.
i+ ( fM ) Is the combined wave
function of the distorted wave projectile
electron and target state of alkaline atoms in
the initial (final) channel. It can be written as
i+((f )) = F + ( ) (k i ( f ) , r3 ) i ( f M ) (r1 , r2 ) S i ( f ) (1,2,3)
M

Where i (f M ) is the initial (final) state wave

function of the target Be atoms and
Si(f)(1,2;3) is the initial (final) state spin
function for the composite system consisting
of the incident projectile and the target.
Fi+(f( ) ) represents the initial (final) channel
projectile distorted wave with the wave
vector ki(kf) and the associated superscript
+(-) indicates the usual outgoing (incoming)
wave boundary condition. The distorted
waves are the solution of

[ 32 + k i2( f ) 2U i ( f ) (r3 )]F + ( ) (k i (f ) , r3 ) = 0

Here Ui(f)8,9 is the distorted potential in the
initial (final) channel.
Further, on
+

substitution of i and f M T-matrix can be

solved. The scattering amplitude aM is
related to the transition matrix TifM by
1
a M = Tif M
2

The expression for the T-matrix

equation can be simplified further for a
Journal of Pure Applied and Industrial Physics Vol.3, Issue 1, 1 January, 2013, Pages (1-67)

Kapil Sirohi, et al., J. Pure Appl. & Ind. Phys. Vol.3 (1), 57-61
61 (2013)
specific transition by carrying out the
integration over the spin co--ordinates. DCS
can be calculated. The excitation is to the
ground n 1S state to excited n1D i.e. singlet
to singlet (SS) transition in Sr.

59

In figures 1 and figures 2 we show

the results of the differential cross-sections
cross
of our DW and RDW calculation of SS D
excitations of Sr at 15, 45 eV and 75,105eV
respectively.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Journal of Pure Applied and Industrial Physics Vol.3, Issue 1, 1 January, 2013, Pages ((1--67)

60

Kapil Sirohi, et al., J. Pure Appl. & Ind. Phys. Vol.3 (1), 57-61
61 (2013)

Journal of Pure Applied and Industrial Physics Vol.3, Issue 1, 1 January, 2013, Pages ((1--67)

Kapil Sirohi, et al., J. Pure Appl. & Ind. Phys. Vol.3 (1), 57-61 (2013)

4. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper we have presented our
DW and RDW calculations for DCS
parameter of S-D excitation for the Sr atom.
The nature of the curve show good behavior
at incident energies 15, 45, 75 and 105eV. It
would be interesting to have the other theory
and experimental confirmation of these
results.
REFERENCES
1. Andersen, N. and Bartschat, K.,
Polarization, Alignment and Orientation
in Atomic Collisions, eds. Drake G. F.
and Ecker, G., Springer-Verlag Berlin
Heidelberg (2000).
2. Andersen, N., Bartschat, K., Broad, J. T.
and Hertel, I. V., Collisional
Alignment and Orientation of Atomic
Outer Shells. III. Spin-Resolved
Excitation, Phys. Rep., 279, 251
(1997).
3. N. Andersen, K. Bartschat, J. Phys. B
35, 4507 (2002).
4. N. Anderson, K Bartschat, J. T. Broad ,
I. V. Hertrel, Phys. Rep. 270,251, (1997)
5. Andersen, N., Gallagher, J.W., and
Hertel, I. V., Collisional Alignment and
Orientation of Atomic Outer Shells. I.
Direct Excitation by Electron and Atom
Impact, Phys. Rep., 165, 1 (1988).
6. Andersen, N., and Bartschat, K.,
Complete Experiments in ElectronAtom Collisions, Adv. At. Mol. Opt.

61

Phys., 36, 1 (1996).

7. Mikosza, A. G., Quantum Mechanically
Complete Measurements in Electron
Impact Excitation
of Helium, The
Physics of Electronic and Atomic
Collisions, Ed. Itikawa Y., et al., New
York: American Institute of Physics,
297 (2000).
8. Mikosza, A. G., Williams, J. F. and
Wang, J. B., Complete Determination
of Excitation Amplitudes and Phases for
31D State of Helium, Phys. Rev. Lett.,
79, 3375. Gases: Differential Cross
Sections (1997).
9. Bartschat, K. and Madison, D.H.,
Electron Impact Excitation of Rare and
Angular Correlation
Parameters for
Neon, Argon, Krypton and Xenon J.
Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys., 20, 5839
(1987).
10. Madision, D.H. and Bartschat, K., The
Distorted-Wave Method for Elastic
Scattering and Atomic Excitation,
Computational Atomic Physics: Electron
and Positron Collision with Atoms and
Ions, ed. Bartschat, K. Springer- Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg, p.65 (1996).
11. Parpia, F. A., Fischer, F.C. and Grant, I.
P.,GRASP92: a package for large scale
relativistic atomic Structure calculations, Comput. Phys. Commu., 94, 249
(1996).
12. K Brastchat, and D H Madison, J. Phys.
B20, 5893 (1987).
13. W Williams and S Trajmar. J, Phys. B1,
20, 21 (1977).

Journal of Pure Applied and Industrial Physics Vol.3, Issue 1, 1 January, 2013, Pages (1-67)