Vessel Performance Management

Dr. Jan O. de Kat

Director, Energy Efficiency & Vessel Performance
Athens, 19 November 2014

ABS SEMINAR: ENERGY EFFICIENCY & VESSEL PERFORMANCE

Agenda: Performance Management

Introduction

Fuel efficient operations: holistic approach

Principles for performance monitoring

Performance management,
change management & KPIs

Performance monitoring:
ABS approach

Closing remarks

Holistic Approach to Efficient Ship Operation

Newbuilding


Energy efficient ships, yard spec.,

contract details
Design for operational profile,
hull and machinery
Performance evaluation,
cost effective solutions

Retrofit on existing fleet






Operational vessel
performance



Technical
Operational measures

Environmental compliance


EEDI, MRV

SOx, NOx, ECA areas

Ballast water treatment

Propulsion improvement,
bulb replacement
Energy-saving devices
Improve machinery
efficiency
Increase cargo capacity
3

Fuel-savings: Technical & Operational

Technical


Hull and propeller maintenance

Main engine efficiency

Base load
Minimize energy consumption
Optimize energy production

Operational


Optimize voyage conditions

Voyage optimization

Trim optimization

Bunkering, fuel sourcing

Fuel-savings: Hull & Propeller Maintenance

Drydocking


Full blast spot blast

Paint systems

Evaluation of treatment

In Operation


Trending of performance

Hull cleaning intervals, type

of cleaning on different paint
types

Propeller polish

Evaluation of treatment

Monitoring and performance

analysis are required
5

Fuel-savings: Main Engine Efficiency

Engine must be maintained for efficiency and to reduce

maintenance costs

Engine efficiency


Measure fuel and power

Trending of SFOC

Engine test


High Pmax High SFOC

Engine balance

ISO correction for ambient conditions

Slow steaming low load operation

Continuous monitoring and follow-up required

Fuel-savings: Base Load Production

Minimize energy consumption



Turn off unnecessary lights, air conditioning, etc.

Change to energy efficient light bulbs

VFD control of pumps, fans

Proper maintenance of consumers

Optimize energy production (energy management)



Classic verify that auxiliaries are run at optimum load, i.e. avoid
low load operation on several engines

SFOC on auxiliary engines

PTO, WHR options, are the crews using it optimally?

Measure fuel consumption for auxiliaries and energy production

Base load monitoring and feedback required

7

Fuel-savings: Optimize Voyage Conditions

Minimize time in port

Communication of voyage conditions at an early stage, fast

communication of ETA changes

Loading for minimum ballast and optimum trim

Procedures for
speed instructions
giving optimum
voyage planning?

Monitor and
measure voyage
parameters to
improve

Fuel-savings: Voyage Optimization

Some captains, speed up in good weather, slow down in bad

weather or vice versa

Most optimum voyage?



Constant speed

Constant power

Constant RPM

Speed profile optimization,

just in time, constant power/
RPM is a good first order
approximation

Weather routing: can be relevant, especially on some routes

Fuel-savings: Trim Optimization

Tables of optimum trim as function of speed and displacement



Model tests

CFD calculations

Self-learning algorithms from full scale data

Average savings potential: 1 3 % of prop. fuel consumption

(max. 6%)

Ballasting and/or loading to minimize

fuel consumption per voyage

Regulatory constraints loading

computer

Other contraints apply

Source: Herbert - ABS Software Solutions

10

Fuel-savings: Trim Optimization

Data input usually consists of 80 to 120 test points



4 Displacements

4 or 5 Trim Angles

4 or 5 Speeds

More data points less interpolation is

necessary

Results are only as reliable as

the underlying data

Source: Herbert - ABS Software Solutions

11

Fuel Efficiency: Different Perspectives

Ship
Operations

Shipowner

Ship
Management

Fuel efficient operation: all parties

need to work together

12

Ship Management (including Vessel Crew)

Ship management: in the past limited interest in fuel-savings, lube

oil more interesting

Today ship management companies realize that fuel-savings are

important going forward

Ship management makes decisions on




Maintenance of equipment (main engine, auxillary, sensors, etc.)

Drydockings hull treatment,
antifouling, propeller

Hull cleanings, propeller polish

Newbuilding design

Crew composition

13

Ship Management (including Vessel Crew)

The ship crew makes decisions on



Optimize base load (minimize consumption, optimize production)

Vessel shore communication

Voyage efficiency (speed profile, route optimization)

Maintenance and equipment optimization

Performance monitoring and engine testing

In many cases, charter party

conditions are important

Monitoring, optimization and

benchmarking are key

14

Shipowner

The value of a vessel will become closely correlated to how fuel

efficient it is

Owner must know efficiency of each vessel class

Owner must know current performance of each individual vessel

Owner negotiates charter party conditions with ship operator

Closely work together with ship management

Responsible for fleet composition, asset management



Newbuilds, owner must know fuel efficiency of yard prospects

how to do that?

Retrofit identify solutions with reasonable ROI track improvement

Let go of less efficient tonnage, or?

Monitoring, optimization and benchmarking are key

15

Ship Operator

Fuel efficiency is important

Fleet composition should
match cargo composition
Optimize fleet composition


Seek fuel efficient tonnage

Optimize operations


Right ship for right cargo

Utilization

Speed and capacity optimization

Harbor operations

Structured process around expected performance/charter parties

Monitor charter parties/expected performance feedback loop
Monitoring, optimization and benchmarking are key
16

Principles for Performance Monitoring

Basic principle for performance

monitoring


Compare measurements with

expected values
Typical examples of reference
vessel performance models
Propulsion power, speed versus
power for different draughts
(trim)
Main engine specific fuel oil
consumption

17

Principles for Performance Monitoring

Other reference models



Engine test, ME (and AUX) shop test results,

ISO corrected parameters
Pmax
Pcomp
Mean Indicated pressures
TC RPM/load index
Etc.

Base load as function of temperature

Cylinder oil consumption

RPM based
Load based
Sulfur dependent

Auxiliary engine SFOC

Waste heat recovery

Simulated voyages, calculate reference voyage

Source: MAN B&W

18

Parameters & Sensors: Hull, Propeller & ME

Parameters


Ship speed through water and

GPS speed

Sensors



Ship draught and trim

ME fuel consumption

ME power

ME RPM




Water depth

Wind speed and direction

Wave spectrum, wind driven

and swell

Rudder angle

Temperatures, water and air

Salinity

Ship speed log and GPS

Reading of draughts fore and aft
and update during voyage.
Draught sensors? (ballasting and
consumption)
ME fuel flow meter
ME torsion meter
Environment

Wind anemometer
Motion sensors wave estimates
Wave radars
Hind cast data
Human factor (observations)

Echo sounder
Temperature gauges
Rudder angle indicator
19

Parameters & Sensors: Internal Energy Management

Parameters


Auxiliary engine consumption

Auxiliary engine production

PTI and PTO

WHR

Other equipment

Sensors


Auxiliary engine flow

meters (often a challenge
with accuracy)

Boiler consumption

Electrical accounting

Boilers

Power from generators

(kWh meters)

Cargo heating

Power from WHR

Cargo pumps

Power from PTO

Consumers

PTI
All major electrical
consumers

20

Data Logging: Logged Manually or Automatic

21

Noon Reports

Manual reported data

Varying quality of data

Environmental parameters are not constant over 24-hour period



Average and over longer time, uncertainties level out

Careful data collection and onboard validation 24 hours average

values can be used

Noon reports is part of existing procedures on most ships, less

costly, perhaps even cost effective?

Noon reports; expect longer response time to sudden changes,

(provided the alternative is better)

22

Automated Data Collection

No man-in-the-loop avoid human error or manipulation

Less burden for the crew

Possibility for automation of alarms, link to other systems

Rely on sensors, some sensors might drift, out of order etc., i.e.
fault diagnostics or alarm system required?

Electronic sensors

How to generate crew awareness?

In reality, full auto-logging is

seldom fully automated (draught,
bunkering, stock, sludge, etc.)

23

Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator

Technical

Fuel Efficiency
Optimization
Innovation

EEOI = gCO2/tonne x nm

Commercial

Utilization
# fixtures
Speed
Assets

Grams CO2

Tonnes
Cargo

Distance
Operational

Speed
Harbor Efficiency
Virtual Arrival

24

Pause

Questions? Please share your opinion.

How do you collect performance data?



Propulsion, base load

How do you analyze

the data?

25

Efficient Vessel Operation: Necessary Steps

Fleet composition
Fleet utilization
Operational fleet benchmarking
Optimize voyage conditions
Dashboards (TCO)
Pool optimization

Monitoring (manual, auto)

Normalization (trending)
Vessel Performance baseline
Benchmarking

Feed-back loops
Change management
Dashboards, KPIs
Technical fleet benchmarking
Energy audits
Voyage efficiency
(Active) SEEMP

26

From Performance Monitoring to Performance Management

Ship Crew
ME SFOC
Base load
Aux. efficiency
Voyage efficiency
Ship Management
ME SFOC
Base load
Auxillary efficiency
Voyage efficiency
Hull and propeller
Fuel tables
Ship Operations
Fuel tables
ETA communication
CP monitoring
Deployment opt.
Asset Management
Benchmarking

Data
Collection

Analysis

Monitoring

Action

Decision

Analysis

Calculations

Normalization

Trending

Alarms

KPIs

Decision
support

Decision
Support

Transparency
Knowledge Sharing
SEEMP supports the feed-back loop

Dashboards
Reports
Interfaces
Diagnostics
27

Change Management: Key Performance Indicators

KPIs are a strong tool, but not without pittfalls

SMART principle






Specific
Measureable
Attainable achievable
Relevant realistic
Timely

Can change peoples behaviour

KPIs



Three, max four KPIs

In reality, difficult to keep; overall KPIs will quickly be constructed
from sub-KPIs
Necessary with drill down capability to find root causes
28

Key Performance Indicators: Energy Efficiency

Individual KPI

Scorecard/Dashboard
KPI score

KPI score
& weight

Define
baseline

Define
target

Define
KPI
function

Define
weight of
KPI

Add to
scorecard

KPI score
& weight

KPI score
& weight

KPI score
& weight

KPI score
& weight

29

Weighting of Key Performance Indicators

Weights can be assigned usign different principles



Based on dollar impact value

Using expert judgement where most impact can be obtained quickly

Areas with special focus (safety?)

Areas where stakeholders can influence

most (largest potential)
Based on strategic decisions

30

Key Performance Indicators: Energy Efficiency

Example
Baseline
Target

KPI Score Function

Assign good score if target is met

Incentive to be better than target

Principles for Target-setting

Relative or absolute?
Baseline individual or sister ships?

31

Key Performance Indicators:

Examples of What to Measure

Ship Management

Ship Operations

ME efficiency SFOC

ETA communication

Hull and propeller efficiency

Harbor efficiency

Base load

Speed instructions

Voyage efficiency

Utilization

Measure for energy

management

Measure for cylinder oil

consumption

Energy Efficiency
Operational Indicator (EEOI)
Fleet composition,
benchmarking

Measure for quality of

reporting

32

Energy Efficiency: How to Organize

Cargo
Operators

Stakeholders
Ship
Management

Shipowner

Performance
manager

Own or
third-party?

Performance
service

Verify focus;
Better positioned inside
easier access to decision
makers

Expert knowledge center;

Model building & development;
System mainantence & development R&D
33

Roles & Responsibilities: Clearly Defined

Vessel Crew


Motivation

Willingness to change behaviour

Reporting

Follow-up

Pro-actively participate

Office


Motivation

Communicate with right attitude!

Provide tools and equipment

Provide guidance

Provide motivation and incentive

Clear and achievable objectives

34

Closing Remarks: Operational Performance

A general framework for performance monitoring and

performance management has been outlined

Companies are different



Objectives

Culture

Strategy

No one size fits all solution

Operational performance is a
continuous process



Own development
Partnerships with existing providers
of performance monitoring services

35

Closing Remarks: Operational Performance

The solution does not come for free; owners, operators and ship
managers should plan for a long term strategy

Logical step to include the ship specific SEEMP and perhaps the
company specific ISO 50001 as an integrated part of the process

Fuel efficiency


System and monitoring are essential; but

Fuel efficiency comes mainly from actions of human beings

36

Performance Monitoring: ABS Approach

Performance
Analysis

Vessel
modelling

Data logging

Data
Interpretation

37

ABS Vessel Performance Service

Development of Added Resistance

Based on existing data sets ABS can provide

you with:




Evaluation of quality of data set

Benchmarking of classes/ individual vessels
In operation

Development of SFOC

Hull and propeller efficiency (trending)

Event impact assesment (idle, drydock, hull
cleaning, propeller polish)
ME efficiency/baseload efficiency
Assesment of voyage efficiency
Power and fuel tables as function of speed,
draught and time
Base load analysis


Performance improvements

A continous service can be set up

38

Normalization using Reference Model & Measurement

30000

Power speed curves,

two draughts, 9m and 11
25000

Measured power & speed

at 10 m draught

Theoretical
example,
measured:
power
14000 kW
Speed
17 kn

Power kW

20000

15000

Point corrected for weather

(2000 kW)
10000

5000

0
8

10

12

14
16
Vessel Speed

18

20

22

39

Simple Normalization using Reference Model & Measurement

First Principles Naval Architecture:

30000

Power speed curve for

interpolated draught 10 m
25000

Added power causes an

added resistance
coefficient of =
.

Power kW

20000

In percentage this
corresponds to
a 37 % higher
resistance than
reference model.

15000

Added power relative to

reference model (3215 kW)

10000

5000

3215/Type equation here.

=

0
8

10

12

14
16
Vessel Speed

18

20

22

40

Data Analysis

ME / Hull / Propeller Performance

Evolution of Fuel Oil Consumption: Fuel Tables

41

Fleet Benchmark Based on Fuel: Speed Tables

Increase of Average Fuel Consumption per Year
20%
18%
16%
14%
12%
10%

Benchmark Line (decision support)

8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
Ship 1

Increase %

Ship 1
3%

Ship 2
Ship 2
9%

Ship 3
Ship 3
7%

Ship 4
Ship 4
8%

Ship 5_1
Ship 5_1
16%

Ship 6
Ship 6
7%

42

ABS Web-based Performance Analysis

Satellite
Data
Provider

NS

PD

Analysis
Engine
Cloud

Vessel Onboard
43

VPAE Mobile Application & Input Form

44

Vessel Performance with a Wider Perspective?

Ship management


Safety statistics

Planned maintenance

Daily running costs

Off-service statistics

Garbage management

Ballast water management

Documentation of compliance

Vision integration with class

Hull inspections

Certificates

Etc.
45

NS5 Enterprise: Integrated Solution

NS5 Enterprise Reporting

MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Maintenance Manager
Drydock
Hull Inspection

Purchasing
Inventory
Barcode Scanning

WORKFORCE MANAGEMENT
Crew Manager
Crew Payroll

NS5
Enterprise
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
HSQE Manager
Document Management

ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT
Energy & Environmental
Fuel Performance Optimization

Interface Manager (Class, ERP, eProcurement, HR, Condition Monitoring

46

NS5 Enterprise: Performance Monitoring

Emissions Testing
Equipment

Bridge/Navigation
Data
Ballast Water Treatment
and Testing Equipment

Shipboard
LAN & Server

Engine, Prop and Hull

Performance Data

Oily Water
Separator

Structural
performance

Maintenance

Fuel & energy

optimization

Class surveys

Ballast
compliance

Fuel switching
compliance

Fuel and Ballast

Tank Information

Emissions
monitoring

47

Extension of ABS Vessel Performance Analysis

ABS has developed capabilities as a stepwise approach




NS5 focus for efficient data collection, manual or auto, best practice framework
Reports to support most important performance indicators. ABS is running calculations
as a service, including decision support.
Web-based reporting tool for clients to extract their own reports. ABS will continue
offering a performance management service.
Develop feedback loop to vessels, i.e. reporting and decision support on-board
(NS5 Enterprise or other platforms)

Reports







ME efficiency SFOC
Hull efficiency and propeller efficiency
Base load
Voyage efficiency
Energy management
Cylinder oil consumption

Reporting is updated in NS5 Enterprise

Developments in the pipeline

48

NS5 Enterprise Solutions

Voyage and Energy Management



Voyage and Energy Manager

Meet efficiency goals and

compliance targets
Meet charterer
expectations
Improved voyage
management

Track, trend and report key-voyage related

events
Record and report voyage related events to
demonstrate cost control and timely voyages
Customizable dashboards for analysis and
trending at both the ship and fleet level
49

The Human Factor: How ABS Can Assist

ABS Academy has courses on Energy Efficiency

ISO 50001:2011 - Energy Management Systems - Awareness & Implementation

Ship Energy Management for Fuel Efficient Operations

Fuel Oil Management On-board

50

Summary

Fuel efficient vessel operations require



Holistic framework

Performance monitoring

Cooperation and transparency

The human factor communication and training

ABS vessel performance approach



Performance management
service capabilities and tools
Noon data and/or autologging

NS5 system

ABS Academy courses

51

www.eagle.org