BSS System Description (V900R008C01 - 01)

HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem
V900R008
BSS System Description
Issue
01
Date
2008-06-10
INTERNAL
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

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The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
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Contents
Contents
About This Document.....................................................................................................................1
1 Introduction to the BSS.............................................................................................................1-1
1.1 BSS in the GSM System Architecture............................................................................................................1-2
1.2 BSS Structure..................................................................................................................................................1-2
1.3 BSS External Interfaces..................................................................................................................................1-3
1.4 BSS Internal Interfaces....................................................................................................................................1-4
2 BSS Functions.............................................................................................................................2-1
2.1 Radio Resource Management..........................................................................................................................2-2
2.1.1 Paging.....................................................................................................................................................2-3
2.1.2 Assignment.............................................................................................................................................2-3
2.1.3 Initial Access and Immediate Assignment.............................................................................................2-4
2.1.4 Authentication and Encryption...............................................................................................................2-5
2.1.5 System Information................................................................................................................................2-7
2.1.6 Handover................................................................................................................................................2-8
2.1.7 Radio Channel Management..................................................................................................................2-9
2.1.8 Power Control........................................................................................................................................2-9
2.1.9 Circuit Management.............................................................................................................................2-12
2.1.10 TRX Management..............................................................................................................................2-13
2.1.11 Media Access Control........................................................................................................................2-13
2.1.12 Radio Link Control.............................................................................................................................2-14
2.2 Connection Management...............................................................................................................................2-14
2.2.1 Voice Calls...........................................................................................................................................2-14
2.2.2 Short Message Services........................................................................................................................2-15
2.2.3 Voice Coding/Decoding and Transcoding...........................................................................................2-15
2.2.4 Packet Data Transfer............................................................................................................................2-15
2.3 BTS Management..........................................................................................................................................2-16
2.4 BSS Operation and Maintenance..................................................................................................................2-16
3 Introduction to the BSC............................................................................................................3-1

3.1 BSC Physical Structure...................................................................................................................................3-3
3.2 BSC Software Structure..................................................................................................................................3-4
3.3 BSC Logical Structure....................................................................................................................................3-6
3.4 BSC Technical Specifications.........................................................................................................................3-7
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Contents

3.5 BSC Hardware Configuration.........................................................................................................................3-7

3.6 OM of the BSC................................................................................................................................................3-7
4 Introduction to the PCU............................................................................................................4-1

4.1 Introduction to the Built-in PCU.....................................................................................................................4-2
4.2 Introduction to the External PCU....................................................................................................................4-4
4.2.1 PCU Physical Structure..........................................................................................................................4-4
4.2.2 PCU Software Structure.........................................................................................................................4-6
4.2.3 PCU Logical Structure...........................................................................................................................4-8
4.2.4 PCU Physical Ports................................................................................................................................4-9
4.2.5 PCU Technical Specifications................................................................................................................4-9
4.2.6 PCU Operation and Maintenance.........................................................................................................4-12
5 Introduction to the BTS.............................................................................................................5-1

5.1 Introduction to the BTS3012...........................................................................................................................5-3
5.2 Introduction to the BTS3012AE.....................................................................................................................5-6
5.3 Introduction to the BTS3006C......................................................................................................................5-10
5.4 Introduction to the BTS3002E......................................................................................................................5-12
5.5 Introduction to the DBS3900 GSM...............................................................................................................5-14
5.6 Introduction to the BTS3900 GSM...............................................................................................................5-17
5.7 Introduction to the BTS3900A GSM............................................................................................................5-20
6 Introduction to the BSS OM Subsystem............................................................................... 6-1

6.1 Huawei Mobile Network OM System.............................................................................................................6-2
6.2 OM System of 2G RAN Devices....................................................................................................................6-3
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Figures
Figures
Figure 1-1 Position of the BSS in the GSM.........................................................................................................1-2
Figure 1-2 Structure of the BSS...........................................................................................................................1-3
Figure 1-3 BSS external interfaces.......................................................................................................................1-4
Figure 1-4 BSS internal interfaces.......................................................................................................................1-5
Figure 2-1 Channel assignment procedure...........................................................................................................2-4
Figure 2-2 Immediate assignment procedure.......................................................................................................2-5
Figure 2-3 Authentication procedure....................................................................................................................2-6
Figure 2-4 Encryption procedure.........................................................................................................................2-7
Figure 2-5 Basic principles of power control.....................................................................................................2-10
Figure 2-6 Power control decision procedure of Huawei II power control algorithm.......................................2-11
Figure 2-7 Power control decision procedure of Huawei III power control algorithm......................................2-12
Figure 3-1 Physical structure of the BSC.............................................................................................................3-3
Figure 3-2 Structure of the host software.............................................................................................................3-4
Figure 3-3 Structure of the OMU software..........................................................................................................3-5
Figure 3-4 LMT software structure......................................................................................................................3-5
Figure 3-5 Logical structure of the BSC..............................................................................................................3-6
Figure 4-1 Logical structure of the built-in PCU.................................................................................................4-3
Figure 4-2 Physical structure of the PCU.............................................................................................................4-5
Figure 4-3 Fully configured PCU processing subrack (front subrack)................................................................4-5
Figure 4-4 Fully configured PCU processing subrack (rear subrack)..................................................................4-6
Figure 4-5 Software structure of the PCU............................................................................................................4-7
Figure 4-6 Logical structure of the PCU..............................................................................................................4-8
Figure 4-7 OM network of the PCU...................................................................................................................4-13
Figure 5-1 BTS3002E system architecture..........................................................................................................5-3
Figure 5-2 Logical structure of the BTS3012 with the QTRU.............................................................................5-5
Figure 5-3 Logical structure of the BTS3012 with the DTRU.............................................................................5-5
Figure 5-4 BTS3012AE system architecture........................................................................................................5-6
Figure 5-5 Logical structure of the BTS3012AE (DC)........................................................................................5-8
Figure 5-6 Logical structure of the BTS3012AE with the QTRU (AC)..............................................................5-9
Figure 5-7 Logical structure of the BTS3012AE with the DTRU (AC)..............................................................5-9
Figure 5-8 BTS3006C system architecture........................................................................................................5-10
Figure 5-9 Logical structure of the BTS3006C..................................................................................................5-12
Figure 5-10 BTS3002E system architecture......................................................................................................5-13
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iii
Figures

Figure 5-11 Logical structure of the BTS3002E................................................................................................5-14

Figure 5-12 DBS3900 GSM system architecture...............................................................................................5-15
Figure 5-13 Logical structure of the BBU3900 GSM........................................................................................5-16
Figure 5-14 Logical structure of the RRU3004..................................................................................................5-17
Figure 5-15 BTS3900 GSM system architecture...............................................................................................5-18
Figure 5-16 Logical structure of the BTS3900 GSM.........................................................................................5-20
Figure 5-17 BTS3900A GSM system architecture............................................................................................5-21
Figure 5-18 Logical structure of the BTS3900A GSM......................................................................................5-22
Figure 6-1 Huawei mobile network OM system..................................................................................................6-2
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Tables
Tables
Table 2-1 handover type and the corresponding decision mode..........................................................................2-9
Table 3-1 Components of the BSC.......................................................................................................................3-3
Table 4-1 PCU physical ports...............................................................................................................................4-9
Table 4-2 Working environment specifications of the PCU..............................................................................4-10
Table 4-3 Noise and safety specifications of the PCU.......................................................................................4-11
Table 4-4 Power supply and power consumption of the PCU...........................................................................4-11
Table 4-5 Maximum capacity of a PCU processing subrack.............................................................................4-12
Table 4-6 Minimum capacity of a PCU processing subrack..............................................................................4-12
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About This Document
About This Document

Purpose
This document describes the Huawei BSS system. It covers the introductions to the BSS, BSC,
built-in PCU, external PCU, BTS, and BSS OM system. In addition, it introduces the functions
of the BSS.
Product Versions
The following table lists the product versions related to the document.
Product Name
Model
Product Version
BSC
BSC6000
V900R008C01
BTS
BTS3012
V300R004&V300R005&V300R006
BTS3012AE
V300R005&V300R006
BTS3006C
V300R005&V300R006
BTS3002E
V300R005
BTS3036/BTS3900
GSM
V300R008
BTS3036A/BTS3900A
GSM
V300R008
DBS3036/DBS3900
GSM
V300R008
PCU6000
V300R008
PCU
Intended Audience
This document is intended for:
l
Network planners
Field engineers
System engineers
Shift operators
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About This Document

l
Network operators
Network administrators
Change History
For changes in the document, refer to Changes in BSS System Description.
Organization
1 Introduction to the BSS
This describes the base station subsystem (BSS), which is controlled by an MSC. The BSS serves
as a communication bridge between the MSs and the MSC. The BSS transmits and receives
radio signals and manages radio resources.
2 BSS Functions
The BSS functions include radio resource management, connection management, BTS
management, and BSS OM.
3 Introduction to the BSC
This introduces the BSC. Physically, the BSC system is composed of the BSC hardware system
and the BSC software system. Logically, it consists of eights subsystems.
4 Introduction to the PCU
This introduces the PCU. The PCU provides packet data services. The main functions of the
PCU include packet radio resource management, packet calls control, and packet data
transmission. Huawei BSS supports built-in PCU and external PCU.
5 Introduction to the BTS
This topic describes the BTS. The BTS is an NE in the GSM network. It sends RF signals to the
MS and receives RF signals from the MS to achieve radio coverage. The BTS is connected to
the BSC through the Abis interface.
6 Introduction to the BSS OM Subsystem
This introduces the BSS OM subsystem. Huawei BSS system provides comprehensive operation
and maintenance tools, such as the M2000, a core operation and maintenance tool for Huawei
mobile networks, and the complete operation and maintenance tools for 2G radio access network.
Conventions
1. Symbol Conventions
The following symbols may be found in this document. They are defined as follows
Symbol
Description
DANGER
2
Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk that, if not avoided,

will result in death or serious injury.

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Symbol
About This Document
Description
WARNING
CAUTION
Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk which, if

not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided,
could cause equipment damage, data loss, and performance
degradation, or unexpected results.
Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save your
time.
TIP
Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement

important points of the main text.
NOTE
2. General Conventions
Convention
Description
Times New Roman
Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.
Boldface
Names of files,directories,folders,and users are in boldface. For

example,log in as user root .
Italic
Book titles are in italics.
Courier New
Terminal display is in Courier New.
3. Command Conventions
Convention
Description
Boldface
The keywords of a command line are in boldface.
Italic
Command arguments are in italic.
[]
Items (keywords or arguments) in square brackets [ ] are optional.
{x | y | ...}
Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical

bars.One is selected.
[ x | y | ... ]
Optional alternative items are grouped in square brackets and

separated by vertical bars.One or none is selected.
{ x | y | ... } *

bars.A minimum of one or a maximum of all can be selected.
[ x | y | ... ] *

bars.A minimum of zero or a maximum of all can be selected.
4. GUI Conventions
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About This Document
Convention
Description
Boldface
Buttons,menus,parameters,tabs,window,and dialog titles are in

boldface. For example,click OK.
>
Multi-level menus are in boldface and separated by the ">" signs.

For example,choose File > Create > Folder .
5. Keyboard Operation
Convention
Description
Key
Press the key.For example,press Enter and press Tab.
Key1+Key2
Press the keys concurrently.For example,pressing Ctrl+Alt+A

means the three keys should be pressed concurrently.
Key1,Key2
Press the keys in turn.For example,pressing Alt,A means the two

keys should be pressed in turn.
6. Mouse Operation
Action
Description
Click
Select and release the primary mouse button without moving the
pointer.
Double-click
Press the primary mouse button twice continuously and quickly

without moving the pointer.
Drag
Press and hold the primary mouse button and move the pointer
to a certain position.

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Introduction to the BSS
About This Chapter

This describes the base station subsystem (BSS), which is controlled by an MSC. The BSS serves
as a communication bridge between the MSs and the MSC. The BSS transmits and receives
radio signals and manages radio resources.
1.1 BSS in the GSM System Architecture
This describes the BSS in the GSM system architecture. The global system for mobile
communications (GSM) is the second generation mobile telephone system. The BSS functions
as the radio access network for the GSM.
1.2 BSS Structure
This describes the structure of the BSS. The BSS comprises the BSC, PCU, and BTS.
1.3 BSS External Interfaces
This describes the BSS external interfaces. The BSS provides 3GPP-compliant standard
interfaces and private interfaces. The standard interfaces are the Um interface, the A interface,
the BSC-CBC interface, and the Gb interface. These standard interfaces enable the
interconnection and interworking of different vendors' equipment. One example of the private
interface is the Itf-N interface.
1.4 BSS Internal Interfaces
This describes the BSS internal interfaces. These interfaces are the Abis interface, the Pb
interface, and the Itf-S interface. The BSS provides private interfaces to the internal devices.
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1-1

1.1 BSS in the GSM System Architecture

This describes the BSS in the GSM system architecture. The global system for mobile
communications (GSM) is the second generation mobile telephone system. The BSS functions
as the radio access network for the GSM.
Figure 1-1 shows the position of the BSS in the GSM.
Figure 1-1 Position of the BSS in the GSM
BSS
NSS
MS
MSC
HLR
BTS
MS
BTS
BSC
MS
PDN
BTS
PCU
SGSN
GGSN
The GSM consists of the following three parts:

l
Mobile station (MS): provides main-machine interfaces and various services to subscribers.
Base station subsystem (BSS): performs functions such as the transmission and reception
of radio signals and the management of radio resources.
NOTE
Huawei BSS supports built-in PCU and external PCU.

l
Network subsystem (NSS): performs functions such as circuit switching, packet switching,
and network interconnection.
1.2 BSS Structure

This describes the structure of the BSS. The BSS comprises the BSC, PCU, and BTS.
The BSC and BTS are network elements. The PCU can be configured either in the BSC (called
built-in PCU) or outside the BSC (called external PCU).
Figure 1-2 shows the structure of the BSS.
1-2

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Figure 1-2 Structure of the BSS

PS Core
CS Core
BSS
BSS
BSC
PCU
BSC
PCU
M2000
BTS
BTS
MS
MS
The PCU can be configured
inside or outside the BSC.
The components of the BSS are described as follows:

Each BSS system consists of one BSC, one or more PCUs, and one or more BTSs.
l
The BSC plays a control role in the BSS.
The PCU provides packet data services. When the PCU is configured in the BSC, the PCU
is an integral part of the BSC. When the PCU is configured outside the BSC, the PCU is
an independent network element.
The BTS is an NE in the GSM network. It sends RF signals to the MS and receives RF
signals from the MS to achieve radio coverage. The operation and maintenance of the BTS
is performed through the BSC.
The M2000 is an element management system (EMS) of the BSS. You can use the M2000 to
maintain the BSC, built-in PCU, and external PCU. You can also use the M2000 to maintain the
BTS through the BSC.
1.3 BSS External Interfaces

This describes the BSS external interfaces. The BSS provides 3GPP-compliant standard
interfaces and private interfaces. The standard interfaces are the Um interface, the A interface,
the BSC-CBC interface, and the Gb interface. These standard interfaces enable the
interconnection and interworking of different vendors' equipment. One example of the private
interface is the Itf-N interface.
Figure 1-3 shows the BSS external interfaces.
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1-3

Figure 1-3 BSS external interfaces

MSC
A
CBC
SGSN
Gb
BSC-CBC
BSS
BSC
PCU
M2000
Itf-N
NMS
BTS
Um
MS

Um interface: between the MS and the BSS
A interface: between the BSS and the MSC
Gb interface: between the BSS and the SGSN
BSC-CBC interface: between the BSS and the CBC
Itf-N interface: between the BSS and the NMS
1.4 BSS Internal Interfaces

This describes the BSS internal interfaces. These interfaces are the Abis interface, the Pb
interface, and the Itf-S interface. The BSS provides private interfaces to the internal devices.
Figure 1-4 shows the BSS internal interfaces.
1-4

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Figure 1-4 BSS internal interfaces

BSC
Abis
Pb
PCU
Itf-S
M2000
BTS

Abis interface: between the BTS and the BSC. The BSC controls and manages the BTS on
the Abis interface.
Pb interface: between the BSC and the external PCU.
Itf-S interface: between the M2000 and the BSC or external PCU. This interface serves
maintenance of the NEs.
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1-5

2 BSS Functions
BSS Functions
About This Chapter

The BSS functions include radio resource management, connection management, BTS
management, and BSS OM.
2.1 Radio Resource Management
This describes the radio resource management (RRM) functions of the BSS. RRM is the
procedure through which a stable connection is established between the MS and the MSC for a
call. This procedure is also used to release the radio resources when a call is disconnected.
2.2 Connection Management
This describes the connection management of the BSS. Connection management is a function
for the control, assignment, and management of the services provided by the network. The
services are short message services (SMSs), teleservices, and location-based services.
2.3 BTS Management
This describes the BTS management function. BTS management is a function where procedures
and messages related to the BTS are performed. The procedures and messages such as the BTS
software downloading, BTS data configuration, BTS status management, and BTS alarms
management should be performed by the peer-layer entities of the BSC and BTS.
2.4 BSS Operation and Maintenance
This describes the OM functions of the BSS. The BSS provides OM functions, such as,
performance management, BTS OM, BSC OM, clock control setting, BSC alarms, BTS alarms,
BTS commissioning, dynamic data configuration, GUI, and integrated network management
interfaces.
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2 BSS Functions
2.1 Radio Resource Management

This describes the radio resource management (RRM) functions of the BSS. RRM is the
procedure through which a stable connection is established between the MS and the MSC for a
call. This procedure is also used to release the radio resources when a call is disconnected.
The limited radio resources must be dynamically allocated to maintain the stable connection
between the MS and the MSC. The RRM is mainly performed by the MS and the BSC. In
addition, the RRM maintains the channel connection when an MS is handed over to a neighbor
cell.
2.1.1 Paging
This describes the paging procedure. Paging is a broadcast procedure used by the network to
search for an MS. On receiving a call, the GSM/GPRS network initiates broadcasting in the
location area or routing area of the paged MS. For a PS service, paging can be performed on the
basis of the location area but is mainly performed on the basis of the routing area. Which area
the paging is based on is determined by the SGSN.
2.1.2 Assignment
This describes the assignment procedure. Through the assignment procedure, the BSS assigns
a TCH to an MS.
2.1.3 Initial Access and Immediate Assignment
This describes the initial access and immediate assignment procedures. The purpose of initial
access is to set up a radio resource (RR) connection on the Um interface between an MS and the
network. The purpose of immediate assignment is to assign a signaling channel for setting up
the RR connection.
2.1.4 Authentication and Encryption
This describes the authentication and encryption procedures. Authentication and encryption are
two security mechanisms used by the GSM network to enhance network security and data
privacy.
2.1.5 System Information
This describes system information (SI). The SI contains the main radio network parameters on
the Um interface. These parameters include network identification parameters, cell selection
parameters, system control parameters, and network function parameters.
2.1.6 Handover
Handover is a procedure in which a conversation can be sustained when an MS moves from one
cell to another in order to meet the requirement of network management.
2.1.7 Radio Channel Management
This describes the radio channel management procedure. Radio channel management is
performed by the BSC. It consists of long-term channel configuration management and shortterm dedicated channel assignment management. The long-term management function is used
to select the channel sequence number and to configure relevant devices. The short-term
management function is used to assign and release various channels during communication.
2.1.8 Power Control
This describes power control. Power control aims to reduce the transmit power of the MS or the
BTS under the condition that the radio link quality is maintained and the power level of the MS
and the BSS is met. Through power control, the system interference is reduced, the frequency
spectrum efficiency is improved, and the standby time of the MS is extended.
2.1.9 Circuit Management
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2 BSS Functions
This describes the circuit management procedure. The BSC can manage the circuits on the A
interface. For example, it performs circuit assignment, circuit blocking, circuit unblocking,
circuit group blocking, and circuit group unblocking. It also operates and maintains a single
circuit or the PCM group circuits of the GEIUA/GOIUA.
2.1.10 TRX Management
This describes the TRX management procedure. TRX management refers to TRX status
management.
2.1.11 Media Access Control
This describes Media Access Control (MAC).
2.1.12 Radio Link Control
This describes Radio Link Control (RLC).
2.1.1 Paging
This describes the paging procedure. Paging is a broadcast procedure used by the network to
search for an MS. On receiving a call, the GSM/GPRS network initiates broadcasting in the
location area or routing area of the paged MS. For a PS service, paging can be performed on the
basis of the location area but is mainly performed on the basis of the routing area. Which area
the paging is based on is determined by the SGSN.
Paging can be classified into the following types:
l
CS service paging
PS service paging
2.1.2 Assignment
This describes the assignment procedure. Through the assignment procedure, the BSS assigns
a TCH to an MS.
After an MS initiates the service request, the BSC assigns a TCH to the MS through the
assignment procedure. If there are idle TCHs in the cell where the MS initiates the call, the BSC
assigns a TCH to the MS. Huawei BSC uses Huawei Channel Algorithm II, which ensures that
an optimal channel is assigned to the MS. Figure 2-1 shows the assignment procedure. For
detailed assignment procedure, refer to Speech Channel Assignment Procedure.
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2 BSS Functions
Figure 2-1 Channel assignment procedure

MS
BTS
BSC
MSC
Assignment
Request
Channel Activation
Channel Activation
Acknowledge
Assignment Command
SABM
Establishment Indication
UA
Assignment
Complete
Assignment
Complete
If there is no idle TCH in the cell where the MS initiates a call, you can set related parameters
to enable the BSC to perform directed retry. Then, the BSC assigns an idle TCH in another cell
to the MS. The Huawei BSC can determine which neighbor cell is optimal based on measurement
results. Then, the cell is used as the optimal target cell during directed retry.
Upon receiving an assignment failure message on the Um interface, the BSC reassigns a channel
on another carrier frequency in the same cell to the MS. If there is no other carrier frequency in
the same cell, the BSC selects the original carrier frequency to assign a channel.
NOTE
If the BSC has assigned a TCH to the MS during the immediate assignment, the BSC does not assign a new
TCH to the MS during the assignment procedure. Instead, the BSC modifies the mode of the assigned TCH for
service transmission.
2.1.3 Initial Access and Immediate Assignment

This describes the initial access and immediate assignment procedures. The purpose of initial
access is to set up a radio resource (RR) connection on the Um interface between an MS and the
network. The purpose of immediate assignment is to assign a signaling channel for setting up
the RR connection.
The initial access is a procedure of random access, as shown in Figure 2-2. For detailed
procedure, refer to Immediate Assignment Procedure.
2-4

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2 BSS Functions
Figure 2-2 Immediate assignment procedure

MS
BTS
BSC
Channel Request
Channel Required
Channel Activation
Channel Activation Acknowledge
Immediate Assignment Command
SABM
UA
Establish Indication
2.1.4 Authentication and Encryption

This describes the authentication and encryption procedures. Authentication and encryption are
two security mechanisms used by the GSM network to enhance network security and data
privacy.
Authentication
Authentication is the procedure through which the network checks the validity of the IMSI or
TMSI transmitted on the Um interface to verify the identity of an MS.
The purpose of authentication is to prevent unauthorized subscribers from accessing the network
and to protect the private information of authorized subscribers. The authentication and
encryption procedures are performed by the Authentication Triplet, namely RAND, Kc, and
SRES. They are generated by the GSM authentication center. Figure 2-3 shows the
authentication procedure. For detailed authentication procedure, refer to Authentication
Procedure.
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2 BSS Functions
Figure 2-3 Authentication procedure

AUC
Ki
RAND
RAND
A3
Ki
A3
SRES
Equal
MS
SRES
Network
Authentication
success
Authentication provides protection through the following measures:

l
Checking the validity of a subscriber through the authentication center (AuC) when the
subscriber tries to access the network
Encrypting the messages on the radio channels
Using the information stored in the EIR to identify an MS
Using the TMSI instead of the IMSI during communications
Using the PIN to protect the SIM
Encryption
Encryption is an important function of the GSM network. It ensures the security of the messages
exchanged between an MS and the BTS. The signaling, speech, and data transmitted on the Um
interface are encrypted to achieve data privacy.
GSM protocols define eight encryption algorithms: A5/0 to A5/7. A5/0 indicates Not ciphered.
At present, A5/2 encryption algorithm is deciphered. The GSM association allows all countries
to apply for A5/1 encryption algorithm or A5/3 encryption algorithm. A5/3 encryption algorithm
is preferentially used because it achieves the best security.
The BSC and the MS need to be configured to support the encryption function. In addition, the
encryption capabilities of the BTS and the MS determine the encryption algorithm to be used.
The RRM entity determines whether an encryption mode is used. If the encryption is initiated
by the network, the BTS encrypts the messages that are sent to the MS. Figure 2-4 shows the
encryption procedure. For detailed encryption procedure, refer to Ciphering Procedure.
2-6

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2 BSS Functions
Figure 2-4 Encryption procedure
AUC
Ki
RAND
RAND
A8
A8
TDMA
frame No.
Kc
A5
Unencrypted
messages
Ki
TDMA
frame No.
Kc
A5
Unencrypted
messages
MS
BSS
NSS
2.1.5 System Information

This describes system information (SI). The SI contains the main radio network parameters on
the Um interface. These parameters include network identification parameters, cell selection
parameters, system control parameters, and network function parameters.
Depending on the received system information, the MS chooses the network for access and
makes full use of various services provided by the network.
Based on the functions, the system information is categorized into:
l
Basic system information, including SI1, SI2, SI2bis, SI2ter, SI3, SI4, SI5, SI5bis, SI5ter,
and SI6.
GPRS-supportive system information, including SI7, SI8, and SI13.
2G-3G handover and reselection-supportive system information, including SI2QUATER.
Packet system information (PSI), including PSI1, PSI2, PSI3, PSI3bis, PSI4, PSI5, and
PSI13.
Based on the transmission channel of system information, the system information can be
classified into broadcast messages and associated messages.
l
Broadcast messages
When an MS is in idle mode, it communicates with the network through system information
broadcast. Through system information broadcast, the MS obtains information on current
location, service types, and cell reselection parameters.
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2 BSS Functions
Broadcast messages include SI1, SI2, SI2BIS, SI2TER, SI3, SI4, SI7, SI8, SI2QUATER,
and SI13.
If the cell is configured with a PBCCH, the types of PSI that can be broadcast on the PBCCH
are PSI1, PSI2, PSI3, PSI3bis, PSI4, and PSI5.
l
Associated messages
When an MS is not in idle mode, it communicates with the network through associated
system information. The network uses the associated system information to control the
transmission, power, and handover of an MS.
The related system information is System Information Types 5, 5bis, 5ter, and 6.
If the cell is configured with a PACCH, the packet system information is periodically
broadcast to the MSs in transmission state on the PACCH.
If the cell is configured with a PBCCH, PSI1 is broadcast to the MSs in transmission
state periodically on the PACCH.
If the cell is not configured with the PBCCH, the PSI13 is broadcast to the MSs in
transmission state periodically on the PACCH.
NOTE
System information type 9 contains the allocation information on the BCCH. If a system information type
9 is sent, the reception location of system information type 9 is specified in system information type 3.
System information type 9 is rarely used.
2.1.6 Handover
Handover is a procedure in which a conversation can be sustained when an MS moves from one
cell to another in order to meet the requirement of network management.
Handover procedure is quite complex. It consists of handover initiation, handover preparation,
handover decision based on the handover algorithm, and handover execution. Handover helps
to adjust the traffic in the cell to avoid call drops. In addition, handover helps to minimize the
cross interference, thus optimizing the overall performance of the network.
Handover is controlled by the network. Based on home NEs of systems of cells, handover is
categorized into:
l
Intra-cell handover
Intra-BSC handover
Inter-BSC handover
Inter-MSC handover
2G-3G handover
During the handover procedure, the MS and the BTS measure the current radio links, combine
the measurement results of uplinks and downlinks into one measurement report, and then send
the measurement report to the BSC for analysis.
2-8
For intra-cell handover and intra-BSC handover, the BSC performs the handover decision
based on the handover algorithm and notifies the MSC of the handover after the handover
is complete.
For inter-BSC handover, inter-MSC handover, and 2G-3G handover, the BSS initiates the
handover request and the MSC performs the handover decision based on the measurement
reports of the BSS.
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2 BSS Functions
Based on the emergency degree of the network, the handover algorithm decides the handover
in the sequence of emergency handover, load handover, and general handover.
Table 2-1 lists the handover type and the corresponding decision mode.
Table 2-1 handover type and the corresponding decision mode
Handover Type
Decision Mode
Emergency handover
Timing advance (TA) handover
Bad quality (BQ) handover
Quick drop handover
Interference handover
Edge handover
Power Budget (PBGT) handover
Concentric cell handover
AMR handover
Better 3G cell handover
Fast movement handover from a micro cell to a

macro cell
Load handover
Inter-layer (better cell) handover
General handover
Load handover
2.1.7 Radio Channel Management

This describes the radio channel management procedure. Radio channel management is
performed by the BSC. It consists of long-term channel configuration management and shortterm dedicated channel assignment management. The long-term management function is used
to select the channel sequence number and to configure relevant devices. The short-term
management function is used to assign and release various channels during communication.
Radio channel management is performed during the establishment, maintenance, modification,
and release of a connection. The radio channel management can be classified as follows:
l
Common channel management, that is, common control channel management. Huawei
BSS supports the management of six common channels, namely, PCH, RACH, AGCH,
PPCH, PRACH, and PAGCH.
Dedicated channel management, that is, the assignment, activation, release, management,
and reporting of various dedicated channels such as SDCCH, SACCH, TCH, and PDCH.
2.1.8 Power Control

This describes power control. Power control aims to reduce the transmit power of the MS or the
BTS under the condition that the radio link quality is maintained and the power level of the MS
and the BSS is met. Through power control, the system interference is reduced, the frequency
spectrum efficiency is improved, and the standby time of the MS is extended.
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2 BSS Functions
Power control is an important measure of radio link control. Based on the radio links, power
control is categorized into:
l
Uplink power control

The BSS measures the receive level and receive quality of the uplink signals and calculates
the required transmit power of the MS. The BSS decides to increase or reduce the transmit
power of the MS according to the power control algorithm.
Downlink power control

The MS measures the receive level and receive quality of the downlink signals and reports
the measurement reports to the BSS. Based on the measurement reports, the BSS decides
to increase or reduce the transmit power of the BTS according to the power control
algorithm.
Figure 2-5 shows the basic principles of power control.

Figure 2-5 Basic principles of power control
Receive
quality
0
AdjStep_Lev
AdjStep_Qul
MAX(AdjStep_Lev,
AdjStep_Qul)
AdjStep_Lev
No Action
AdjStep_Lev
MAX(AdjStep_Lev,
AdjStep_Qul)
AdjStep_Qul
No Action
Uplink/downlink
signal quality
threshold
Uplink/downlink
signal quality
lower threshold
7
0
63
Uplink/downlink
signal strength
upper threshold
Uplink/downlink
signal strength
upper threshold
Receive
level
If the receive level or signal quality is greater than the expected value, the transmit power
should be reduced to an appropriate value.
If the receive level or signal quality is smaller than the expected value, the transmit power
should be increased to an appropriate value.
The performance of the power control algorithm has a great effect on system performance.
Huawei uses Huawei II power control algorithm and Huawei III power control algorithm to
improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the power control.
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l
2 BSS Functions
Huawei II power control algorithm

Figure 2-6 shows the power control decision procedure of Huawei II power control
algorithm.
Figure 2-6 Power control decision procedure of Huawei II power control algorithm
Start
Compensate MRs
(Compensate level)
MR prediction filtering
Calculate power adjustment

step based on receive level
step based on receive
quality
step based on both receive
level and receive quality
Perform power control
End
Huawei II power control algorithm has the following characteristics:
Issue 01 (2008-06-10)
Measurement report compensation
Prediction filtering
Dual-threshold power control algorithm
Variable step power control
Adaptive power control
Bad quality signal strength upper threshold adjustment and detachment of uplink and
downlink power control
Huawei III Power Control Algorithm

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2 BSS Functions
Figure 2-7 shows the power control decision procedure of Huawei III power control
algorithm.
Figure 2-7 Power control decision procedure of Huawei III power control algorithm
Start
Process lost MRs

(Interpolation optimization)
Process MR filtering
(Exponential filtering and
slide window filtering)
Calculate FH gain

step based on FH gain
Perform power control
End
Based on Huawei II power control algorithm, Huawei III power control algorithm has the
following enhancements:
Exponential filtering
Interpolation optimization
Comprehensive decision
Different thresholds
FH gain
2.1.9 Circuit Management

This describes the circuit management procedure. The BSC can manage the circuits on the A
interface. For example, it performs circuit assignment, circuit blocking, circuit unblocking,
circuit group blocking, and circuit group unblocking. It also operates and maintains a single
circuit or the PCM group circuits of the GEIUA/GOIUA.
The BSC performs the following functions in terms of circuit management:
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2 BSS Functions
Blocking or unblocking terrestrial group circuits in case of equipment failure or through

configurations on the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal.
Retransmitting circuit management messages (circuit block/unlock/reset) if no

acknowledge is received from the MSC before expiration.
Supporting the uninstalled circuit function.
Under the following conditions, the uninstalled circuit function enables the BSC to send
an uninstalled circuit message to the MSC if the specified circuit does not exist:
Circuit block, circuit unblock, or circuit reset
Channel assignment
Incoming BSC handover
BSC reset
NOTE
If IP transmission is used on the A interface, the circuit management function is not implemented by the
BSS.
2.1.10 TRX Management

This describes the TRX management procedure. TRX management refers to TRX status
management.
TRX management consists of the following procedures:
l
SACCH filling information modification procedure

The BSC informs the BTS of the new system information transmitted on all DL SACCHs.
The BTS then informs the MS of the system information update.
Radio resource indication procedure

The BTS informs the BSC of the interference level on the idle dedicated channels of each
TRX. Thus, the BSC is completely informed of the interference level of the current idle
channels to facilitate subsequent channel assignment.
Flow control procedure

The frame unit controller (FUC) informs the BSC of the overload of a TRX. The possible
causes of overload are CCCH overload, AGCH overload, and processor overload.
Error reporting procedure

The BTS reports to the BSC the detected DL message errors that cannot be reported by
other procedures.
2.1.11 Media Access Control

This describes Media Access Control (MAC).
The BSC supports the MAC on the Abis interface. MAC defines the process in which multiple
MSs share the transmission media. MAC provides data transmission services to the upper Radio
Link Control through logical channels. It maps the logical channels onto the transport channels.
MAC performs the following functions:
l
Multiplexes the uplink and downlink of the MS on Packet Data Channel (PDCH).
Schedules the Uplink State Flag (USF) for PDCH to control the transmission of uplink
signaling of the MS.
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2 BSS Functions
l
Based on the priority of each downlink Temporary Block Flow (TBF), sends the downlink
data block and control block in polling period.
2.1.12 Radio Link Control

This describes Radio Link Control (RLC).
The BSC supports the RLC on the Abis interface. TLC ensures the reliability of the data
transmitted on the Um interface. The involved operations of the RLC include selecting the coding
scheme, processing data retransmission, and segmenting and reassembling the data.
RLC performs the following functions:
l
Segmentation and reassembling of RLC data blocks
TBF establishment and release procedures of RLC data blocks.
2.2 Connection Management

This describes the connection management of the BSS. Connection management is a function
for the control, assignment, and management of the services provided by the network. The
services are short message services (SMSs), teleservices, and location-based services.
2.2.1 Voice Calls
This describes the voice call function. The voice calls supported by the BSS consist of MSoriginated calls, MS-terminated calls, emergency calls, and call re-establishment.
2.2.2 Short Message Services
This describes the short message services (SMSs) function. SMSs consist of the point-to-point
SMS and cell broadcast SMS.
2.2.3 Voice Coding/Decoding and Transcoding
This describes the voice coding/decoding and transcoding functions. The transcoding and rate
adaptation is a function through which voice coding and decoding algorithms are used to convert
the 16 kbit/s or 8 kbit/s signals on the Abis interface to 64 kbit/s signals on the A interface. The
reverse procedure is also supported.
2.2.4 Packet Data Transfer
The BSC supports the functions of Relay (RL) layer.
2.2.1 Voice Calls

This describes the voice call function. The voice calls supported by the BSS consist of MSoriginated calls, MS-terminated calls, emergency calls, and call re-establishment.
The BSS uses resource management algorithms and service control procedures to establish an
RR connection. This provides a transmission channel for exchanging call control signaling
between the MS and the core network.
The BSS supports the following voice call procedures:
2-14
MS-originated call establishment procedure
MS-terminated call establishment procedure
Emergency call establishment procedure

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l
MS-originated call release procedure
Network-originated call release procedure
2 BSS Functions
2.2.2 Short Message Services

This describes the short message services (SMSs) function. SMSs consist of the point-to-point
SMS and cell broadcast SMS.
Point-to-Point Short Message Service

The point-to-point SMS is a type of basic services provided by the GSM network. The MS sends
or receives a message of limited length, which is displayed on the screen of the MS.
The short message center (SMC) stores and forwards short messages. SMC is completely
separated from the GSM system in terms of functions. The SMC can provide services for the
GSM and PSTN subscribers who can receive short messages.
The MS can send or receive point-to-point messages when it is in idle mode or when it is making
a call.
Cell Broadcast Short Message Service

The cell broadcast SMS-CB is a special service provided by the GSM network. The network
can send short messages on the CBCH to a specified network area in unacknowledged mode.
All the MSs in the specified area can receive and display the messages.
If the cell broadcast SMS is enabled, a message can be broadcast repeatedly. Thus, even the MSs
that just enter the broadcast area can receive the message and the MSs that have received the
message earlier do not receive it again. Mobile network operators can use cell broadcast SMS
to provide special services for their subscribers. Compared with the point-to-point SMS, the cell
broadcast SMS is an effective and economical measure to send messages to a large number of
subscribers in a specified area.
2.2.3 Voice Coding/Decoding and Transcoding

This describes the voice coding/decoding and transcoding functions. The transcoding and rate
adaptation is a function through which voice coding and decoding algorithms are used to convert
the 16 kbit/s or 8 kbit/s signals on the Abis interface to 64 kbit/s signals on the A interface. The
reverse procedure is also supported.
The voice coding and decoding algorithms supported by the BSC consist of full rate, half rate,
enhance full rate, and adaptive multirate (AMR).
NOTE
If IP transmission is used on the A interface, the voice coding/decoding and transcoding functions are not
implemented by the BSS.
2.2.4 Packet Data Transfer

The BSC supports the functions of Relay (RL) layer.
The RL layer adapts the data on the Um interface and Gb interface. It reassembles the uplink
data on the Um interface into Packet Data Units (PDUs) and chooses the appropriate link for
transmission. In addition, the RL layer segments the Gb PDUs into downlink data on the Um
interface and chooses the appropriate PDCH for transmission.
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2 BSS Functions
2.3 BTS Management

This describes the BTS management function. BTS management is a function where procedures
and messages related to the BTS are performed. The procedures and messages such as the BTS
software downloading, BTS data configuration, BTS status management, and BTS alarms
management should be performed by the peer-layer entities of the BSC and BTS.
2.4 BSS Operation and Maintenance

This describes the OM functions of the BSS. The BSS provides OM functions, such as,
performance management, BTS OM, BSC OM, clock control setting, BSC alarms, BTS alarms,
BTS commissioning, dynamic data configuration, GUI, and integrated network management
interfaces.
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Introduction to the BSC
About This Chapter

This introduces the BSC. Physically, the BSC system is composed of the BSC hardware system
and the BSC software system. Logically, it consists of eights subsystems.
The BSC hardware system consists of the GBCR cabinet, GBSR cabinet, LMT, and alarm box.
In addition to the interfaces for the power supply input and clock signal input, the BSC hardware
provides communication interfaces for equipment such as the BTS, external PCU, MSC, SGSN,
and M2000.
The BSC software has a distributed structure. It consists of the board software and OM software.
The board software and the OM software can communicate with each other.
Logically, the BSC system consists of the TDM switching subsystem, GE switching subsystem,
service processing subsystem, service control subsystem, interface processing subsystem, clock
subsystem, power subsystem, and environment monitoring subsystem.
3.1 BSC Physical Structure
This describes the physical structure of the BSC, including the cabinet, cables, LMT computers,
and alarm box.
3.2 BSC Software Structure
The software of the BSC has a distributed architecture. It is classified into the host software,
OMU software, and LMT software.
3.3 BSC Logical Structure
3.4 BSC Technical Specifications
The BSC technical specifications consist of the capacity specifications, engineering
specifications, physical port specifications, reliability specifications, clock precision
specifications, noise and safety compliance, and environment specifications.
3.5 BSC Hardware Configuration
The GBAM and GOMU are the operation and maintenance entities of the BSC. There are two
types of BSC hardware configuration: configuration type A and configuration type B. In
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3-1

configuration type A, the BSC is configured with the GBAM. In configuration type B, the BSC
is configured with the GOMU. One BSC can use only one configuration type.
3.6 OM of the BSC
You can maintain the BSC in different OM modes.
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3.1 BSC Physical Structure

This describes the physical structure of the BSC, including the cabinet, cables, LMT computers,
and alarm box.
Figure 3-1 shows the physical structure of the BSC.
Figure 3-1 Physical structure of the BSC
OM equipment room
Equipment room
Optical cable to other NEs
Trunk cable to other NEs
Ethernet cable to other NEs
PGND cable to the PDF
Power cable to the PDF
Alarm box Ethernet

cable
Serial port
cable
LMT
Ethernet
cable
GBCR
LMT
GBSR
GBSR
LMT: Local Maintenance Terminal
PDF: Power Distribution Frame
Table 3-1 lists the components of the BSC.

Table 3-1 Components of the BSC
Issue 01 (2008-06-10)
Component
Introduction
Description
GSM BSC control

processing rack (GBCR)
The GBCR provides

switching and processes
services for the BSC. One
GBCR is configured in a
BSC.
For details, refer to GBCR

(Configuration Type A) and
GBCR (Configuration Type B).
GSM BSC service

processing rack (GBCR)
The GBSR processes

various services for the
BSC. The number of
GBSRs to be configured
depends on the traffic
volume. Zero to three
GBSRs can be
configured.
For details, refer to GBSR

Cabinet.

3-3

Component
Introduction
Description
BSC Cables
BSC cables are classified

into the Ethernet cable,
optical cable, and trunk
cable. The number of
BSC cables to be
configured depends on
actual requirements.
For details, refer to BSC Cables.
BSC LMT
The LMT is a computer

that is installed with the
LMT software package
and is connected to the
OM network of the NEs.
It is optional for the BSC.
For details, refer to LMT-Related

Definitions.
Alarm box
The alarm box can

generate audible and
visual alarms. It is
mandatory for the BSC.
User manual delivered with the

alarm box
3.2 BSC Software Structure

The software of the BSC has a distributed architecture. It is classified into the host software,
OMU software, and LMT software.
Host Software
The host software runs on various service boards. It consists of the operating system, middleware,
and application software. Figure 3-2 shows the structure of the host software.
Figure 3-2 Structure of the host software
Application software
Middleware
Operating system
Operating system
The operating system adopted in the BSC is VxWorks, which is an embedded real-time
operating system.
Middleware
The Distributed Object-oriented Programmable Realtime Architecture (DOPRA) and
Platform of Advanced Radio Controller (PARC) middleware ensures that the upper-level
application software is independent of the lower-level operating system. The middleware
enables software functions to be transplanted between different platforms.
3-4

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l
Different boards are configured with different types of application software. The
application software is classified into radio resource processing software, resource control
plane processing software, BTS management software, and configuration management and
maintenance software.
OMU Software
The operation maintenance unit (OMU) software runs on the GBAM server or on the GOMU
to perform the operation and maintenance of the BSC. Figure 3-3 shows the structure of the
OMU software.
Figure 3-3 Structure of the OMU software
OMU software
Middleware
Operating system
Operating system
The OMU software runs on the Linux operating system.
Middleware
The DOPRA middleware ensures that the upper-level application software is independent
of the lower-level operating system. Thus, the middleware enables software functions to
be transplanted between different platforms.
The application software performs the functions of different logical entities in the GBAM/
GOMU.
LMT Software
The LMT software, which consists of the operating system and application software, runs on
the LMT computer. Figure 3-4 shows the structure of the LMT software.
Figure 3-4 LMT software structure
Operating system
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Operating system
3-5

The LMT runs on the Windows 2000 Professional, Windows XP Professional, or Microsoft
Windows Vista Professional operating system.
l
The application software provides access to operation and maintenance of the BSC. The
application software consists of the BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal, BSC6000
Online Help, Site Maintenance Terminal System, LMT Service Manager, Local
Maintenance Terminal, Performance Browser tool, and Convert Management System.
NOTE
The BSC6000 Local Maintenance Terminal provides a graphic user interface (GUI) for performing
operation and maintenance. The Local Maintenance Terminal is also called the MML client, which
provides MML commands for the users. Both of them support the maintenance and data configuration
of the BSC and the BTSs connected to the BSC.
3.3 BSC Logical Structure

Figure 3-5 shows the logical structure of the BSC.
Figure 3-5 Logical structure of the BSC
Clock
subsystem
Service
control
subsystem
Interface
processing
subsystem
Environment
monitoring
subsystem
GE
switching
subsystem
TDM
switching
subsystem
To BTS
To PCU/SGSN
To MSC/MGW
Service
processing
subsystem
Power
subsystem
GBAM/GOMU
LMT/M2000
The interface processing subsystem of the BSC provides the Pb or Gb interface, depending on
the types of PCU.
3-6
When the built-in PCU is used, the interface processing subsystem provides the Gb interface
to enable the communication between the BSC and the SGSN.
When the external PCU is used, the interface processing subsystem provides the Pb
interface to enable the communication between the BSC and the PCU.
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The interface processing subsystem of the BSC cannot provide the Gb interface and Pb interface
simultaneously.
The interface processing subsystem supports different transmission modes over the A interface:
l
When the IP transmission is used, the A interface enables the communication between the
BSC and the MGW.
When the TDM transmission is used, the A interface enables the communication between
the BSC and the MSC/MGW.
The interface processing subsystem of the BSC cannot support the two transmission modes
simultaneously.
3.4 BSC Technical Specifications

The BSC technical specifications consist of the capacity specifications, engineering
specifications, physical port specifications, reliability specifications, clock precision
specifications, noise and safety compliance, and environment specifications.
3.5 BSC Hardware Configuration

The GBAM and GOMU are the operation and maintenance entities of the BSC. There are two
types of BSC hardware configuration: configuration type A and configuration type B. In
configuration type A, the BSC is configured with the GBAM. In configuration type B, the BSC
is configured with the GOMU. One BSC can use only one configuration type.
3.6 OM of the BSC

You can maintain the BSC in different OM modes.
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3-7

Introduction to the PCU
About This Chapter

This introduces the PCU. The PCU provides packet data services. The main functions of the
PCU include packet radio resource management, packet calls control, and packet data
transmission. Huawei BSS supports built-in PCU and external PCU.
4.1 Introduction to the Built-in PCU
This introduces the built-in PCU. The BSC processes the packet services through the
configuration of the corresponding boards.
4.2 Introduction to the External PCU
Huawei BSS supports the external PCU. Physically, the external PCU consists of the hardware
system and the software system. Logically, the external PCU consists of the OM unit and the
radio packet processing unit.
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4-1

4.1 Introduction to the Built-in PCU

This introduces the built-in PCU. The BSC processes the packet services through the
configuration of the corresponding boards.
Physical Structure
The functions of the built-in PCU are implemented by the following BSC boards:
l
GDPUP: processes the user plane of the packet services. For details on the GDPUP, refer
to Functions of the GDPUP.
GXPUM: processes the control plane of the packet services. For details on the GXPUM,
refer to Functions of the GXPUM.
GFGUG: the interface processing board that provides the Gb interface based on IP
transmission. For details on the GFGUG, refer to Functions of the GFGUG.
GEPUG: the interface processing board that provides the Gb interface based on FR
transmission. For details on the GEPUG, refer to Functions of the GEPUG.
The GDPUP and the GFGUG/GEPUG are configured in the GMPS/GEPS subrack.
l
For details on the typical configurations of the GMPS in different scenarios, refer to
Configuration of the GMPS (Configuration Type A) and Configuration of the GMPS
(Configuration Type B).
For details on the typical configurations of the GEPS in different scenarios, refer to
Configuration of the GEPS.
Logical Structure
The BSC processes the packet data services through the service processing subsystem, service
control subsystem, and Gb interface processing unit. Figure 4-1 shows the logical structure of
the built-in PCU.
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Figure 4-1 Logical structure of the built-in PCU

BTS
Abis
Abis interface
processing unit
Service
processing
subsystem
Service
control
subsystem
UNITDATA
SIGNAL
Gb interface
processing unit
Built-in PCU
BSC
Gb
SGSN
Service processing subsystem

Processes the PS user plane data. The function implemented by the GDPUP.
Service control subsystem

Processes the PS signaling plane data. Performs the virtual connection management,
resource management, and network management layer of the network services. The
function is implemented by the GXPUM/GXPUT.
Gb interface processing unit

Performs the data transmission and routing. The function is implemented by the GFGUG/
GEPUG.
Physical Ports
The GFGUG/GEPUG provides the Gb interface to the SGSN.
l
Each GFGUG supports eight FE ports and two GE ports. For details on physical ports, refer
to Ports on the GFGUA/GFGUB/GFGUG Panel.
Each GEPUG supports 32 E1/T1 ports. For details on physical ports, refer to Ports on the
GEHUB/GEPUG Panel.
Operation and Maintenance

The operation and maintenance of Huawei built-in PCU is implemented by the OM subsystem
of the BSC.
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4.2 Introduction to the External PCU

Huawei BSS supports the external PCU. Physically, the external PCU consists of the hardware
system and the software system. Logically, the external PCU consists of the OM unit and the
radio packet processing unit.
4.2.1 PCU Physical Structure
This describes the physical structure of the PCU. Physically, the PCU consists of the power
distribution box, LAN switch subrack, LAN switch cable trough, filler panel, PCU processing
subrack, and air defense subrack.
4.2.2 PCU Software Structure
This describes the software structure of the PCU. The PCU software consists of the PCU
operating system (OS), POMU software, RPPU software, and L2PU software.
4.2.3 PCU Logical Structure
This describes the logical structure of the PCU. The PCU has a simple logical architecture. It
consists of the packet operation maintenance unit (POMU) and radio packet process unit
(RPPU).
4.2.4 PCU Physical Ports
This describes the PCU physical ports. The PCU physical ports consist of the transmission ports,
commissioning serial ports, and internal communication ports.
4.2.5 PCU Technical Specifications
This describes the technical specifications of the PCU. The technical specifications of the PCU
involves physical protection, data backup and security, working environment, ElectroMagnetic
Compatibility (EMC), noise, storage, transportation, power supply, power consumption, and
capacity.
4.2.6 PCU Operation and Maintenance
This describes the operation and maintenance (OM) of the PCU. The OM module of the PCU
provides operation and maintenance functions, such as OM management, data configuration
management, fault management, performance measurement management, and security
management. You can use these functions to remotely monitor the PCU running status, maintain
PCU devices, locate faults, and evaluate the network performance.
4.2.1 PCU Physical Structure

This describes the physical structure of the PCU. Physically, the PCU consists of the power
distribution box, LAN switch subrack, LAN switch cable trough, filler panel, PCU processing
subrack, and air defense subrack.
Figure 4-2 shows the physical structure of the PCU.
4-4

Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

Figure 4-2 Physical structure of the PCU

Power
distribution box (2 U)
LAN switch (1 U)
LAN switch
cable trough (1 U)
Filler panel (3 U)
Filler panel (3 U)
PCU processing
subrack (9 U)
Air defence
subrack (2 U)
PCU processing
subrack (9 U)
Air defence
subrack (2 U)
PCU processing
subrack (9 U)
Filler panel (2 U)
NOTE
1 U = 44.45 mm
A PCU cabinet can hold up to three processing subracks. The three subracks are independent
from each other and are interconnected through the LAN switch and the OMC for centralized
monitoring.
The PCU processing subrack can be configured with the POMU, HSC, RPPU, L2PU sub-board,
E1TMb, BSU, and UPWRb. Figure 4-3 and Figure 4-4 show fully configured PCU processing
subracks.
Figure 4-3 Fully configured PCU processing subrack (front subrack)
R R R R R R P
R R R R R R
P P
P P P P O
P P P P P P
P P P P P P M
U U U U U U U
M
U
P P P P P P
U U U U U U
R
b
R
b
Issue 01 (2008-06-10)
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

4-5

Figure 4-4 Fully configured PCU processing subrack (rear subrack)
E
1
T
E E E E E B H B H E E
1 1 1 1 1 S S S S 1 1
T T T T T U C U C T T
M M M M M M
M M
b b b b b b
b b
E E E E
1 1 1 1
T T T T
U
P
W
U
P
W
M M M M
b b b b
R
b
R
b
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
4.2.2 PCU Software Structure

This describes the software structure of the PCU. The PCU software consists of the PCU
operating system (OS), POMU software, RPPU software, and L2PU software.
Figure 4-5 shows the software structure of the PCU.
4-6

Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

Figure 4-5 Software structure of the PCU

PCU software
POMU
software
RPPU
software
status
monitoring and
management
State
monitoring &
management
PCU operating
system
Fault
management
Software
management
Database
management
Performance
measurement
OS
core module
I/O
processing
System
initialization
L2PU
software
link layer
protocol
processing
Fault
management
Software
management
Database
management
Performance
measurement
RLC/MAC
protocol
processing
Gb interface
processing
Pb interface
processing
G-Abis
interface
processing
PCU Operating System

The PCU OS consists of the OS core module, input and output processing module, and system
initialization module.
POMU Software
The POMU software consists of the state monitoring and management module, fault
management module, software management module, database management module, and
performance measurement module.
RPPU Software
Each module of the POMU software has a corresponding module in the RPPU software. The
corresponding two modules communicate with each other to perform the OM function.
A database update procedure is initiated by the database management module in the POMU
software. If the procedure affects the database view stored in the RPPU, the procedure can be
Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

4-7

implemented only when the corresponding database management module in the RPPU software
is activated.
In addition to the previously mentioned modules, the RPPU software includes the RLC/MAC
protocol processing module, Gb interface processing module, G-Abis interface processing
module, and Pb interface processing module.
L2PU Software
The L2PU software performs link layer protocol processing. It consists of the LAPD processing
module, frame relay protocol processing module, and TRAU protocol processing module.
4.2.3 PCU Logical Structure

This describes the logical structure of the PCU. The PCU has a simple logical architecture. It
consists of the packet operation maintenance unit (POMU) and radio packet process unit
(RPPU).
Figure 4-6 shows the logical structure of the PCU.
Figure 4-6 Logical structure of the PCU
BSC
N+1
SGSN
RPPU
RPPU
RPPU
RPPU
RPPU
RPPU
Signaling and data bus
1+1
POMU
RPPU
LAN
Harddisk
POMU Module
The POMU module provides interfaces for users, processes the interface protocol between the
PCU and the OMC, and performs OM.
RPPU Module
The RPPU module implements the base station subsystem (BSS) part of the RLC/MAC protocol
and of the Gb interface protocols and performs Pb interface processing and G-Abis interface
processing.
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Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

4.2.4 PCU Physical Ports

This describes the PCU physical ports. The PCU physical ports consist of the transmission ports,
commissioning serial ports, and internal communication ports.
Table 4-1 lists the PCU physical ports.
Table 4-1 PCU physical ports
Connector
Board
Description
Ethernet port (10/100

BaseT)
POMU
The Ethernet ports on the

POMU and on the RPPU are
invalid.
RPPU
E1TMb
BSU
Commissioning serial port

(COM)
POMU
RPPU
L2PU
E1 ports
L2PU
E1TMb
Master and slave serial ports

(COM1 and COM2)
BSU
You can use Ethernet port 1 on

the BSU instead of that on the
POMU and Ethernet port 1 on
the E1TMb instead of that on
the RPPU. The Ethernet port
LED on the POMU indicates
the status of Ethernet port 1 on
the BSU. The Ethernet port
LED on the RPPU indicates the
status of Ethernet port 1 on the
E1TMb.
EIA-232 standard port
(RJ-45), a standard
asynchronous serial input/
output port, used for
commissioning
The L2PU provides one DB50
port through the E1TMb. Each
L2PU provides 4 E1s.
COM2: RJ-45 serial port
(RS232), reserved for
communication with the power
distribution box
COM2: RJ-45 serial port
(RS485/RS422), reserved for
communication with the power
distribution box
Multimode optical cable

ports (ATM 155M)
BSU
LC optical port, reserved
4.2.5 PCU Technical Specifications

This describes the technical specifications of the PCU. The technical specifications of the PCU
involves physical protection, data backup and security, working environment, ElectroMagnetic
Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

4-9

Compatibility (EMC), noise, storage, transportation, power supply, power consumption, and
capacity.
Physical Protection
The physical protection of the PCU should comply with the GR-63-CORE standard. The
requirements for physical protection are as follows:
l
The outer package should be waterproof and moistureproof.
Air filters should be installed at the air vent or air inlet.
Adequate measures should be taken to prevent the entry of rodents through the air vent.
Anti-collision and shock-absorbing devices should be installed near the door.
Data Backup and Safety

The PCU uses the following data backup and safety measures:
l
The POMUs work in 1+1 backup mode to back up data in real time.
The RPPUs work in load sharing mode. When one RPPU fails, the other RPPUs take over
its load.
Users must enter the valid password before performing network management and device
management. The OMC operation and command line operation are level-specific. Users
with different operation levels have different operation rights.
Virus protection is performed by office engineers
Working Environment
Table 4-2 lists the working environment specifications of the PCU.
Table 4-2 Working environment specifications of the PCU
Specifications
Description
Temperature
0 to 45
Relative Humidity
10% to 90%
Air pressure
70 kPa to 106 kPa
Wind speed
< 5.0 m/s
Solar radiation
< 700 W/m2
Thermal radiation
< 600 W/m2
EMC
The EMC specifications comply with the ETSI EN300 386 V1.2.1 (2000-03).
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Noise
Table 4-3 describes the noise and safety specifications of the PCU.
Table 4-3 Noise and safety specifications of the PCU
Specifications
Description
Noise
Less than 72 dB in compliance with the

EUROPEAN ETS 300 753 standard.
Safety
Complies with the UL60950, EN60950,

IEC60825, and GB4943-2000 standards.
Storage Specifications
The storage environment should comply with EUROPEAN ETS 300 019-1-1 "not temperaturecontrolled storage."
l
Temperature: 40 to +70
Relative humidity: 10% to 100%
Transportation Specifications
The transportation conditions should comply with EUROPEAN ETS 300 019-1-2 "Class2.3
"PUBLIC transportation".
l
Temperature: 40 to +70
Relative humidity: 5% to 100%
Power Supply and Power Consumption

Table 4-4 describes the power supply and power consumption of the PCU.
Table 4-4 Power supply and power consumption of the PCU
Specifications
Description
Value Range
Power consumption
PCU processing subrack in

full configuration
400 W
Power distribution box
20 W
LAN switch
19 W
Maximum power
consumption of the PCU
cabinet
1240 W
-48 V DC
Voltage range: -40 V to -57

V
Power supply
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4-11

Capacity
The processing capacity of the PCU refers to the number of PDCHs activated by the PCU on
the Um interface and the throughput on the Gb interface. Table 4-5 describes the processing
capacity of a single PCU. A PCU cabinet can hold up to three PCU processing subracks.
Table 4-5 Maximum capacity of a PCU processing subrack
Number of
Activated
PDCHs
Number of E1s on
the Pb interface
Throughput on the
Gb interface
Number of E1s on
the Gb interface
1080 (GPRS) or
900 (EGPRS)
72
24 Mbit/s
12
A PCU cabinet should be configured with at least one PCU processing subrack that holds two
RPPUs. Table 4-6 describes the minimum capacity of a PCU processing subrack.
Table 4-6 Minimum capacity of a PCU processing subrack
Number of
Activated PDCHs
Number of E1s on
the Pb interface
Throughput on
the Gb interface
Number of E1s on the

Gb interface
120 (GPRS) or 100

(EGPRS)
8 Mbit/s
4.2.6 PCU Operation and Maintenance

This describes the operation and maintenance (OM) of the PCU. The OM module of the PCU
provides operation and maintenance functions, such as OM management, data configuration
management, fault management, performance measurement management, and security
management. You can use these functions to remotely monitor the PCU running status, maintain
PCU devices, locate faults, and evaluate the network performance.
The PCU OM uses the Client/Server model. You can maintain the PCU through the Telnet clients
or through the OMC GUI clients. The PCU supports five Telnet clients simultaneously. The
number of supported GUI clients depends on the model and number of OMC servers. If one
Ultra60 acts as the OMC server, the number of supported GUI clients is 10. If one SUN E3500
acts as the OMC server, the number of supported OMC clients is 30. The number of Telnet
clients does not affect the number of GUI clients.
Figure 4-7 shows the OM network of the PCU.
4-12

Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

Figure 4-7 OM network of the PCU
PCU
Local WS
LAN switch
Telnet terminal
WS
TCP/IP
iManager M2000
OMC server
Telnet terminal
Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

WS
WS
4-13

Introduction to the BTS
About This Chapter

This topic describes the BTS. The BTS is an NE in the GSM network. It sends RF signals to the
MS and receives RF signals from the MS to achieve radio coverage. The BTS is connected to
the BSC through the Abis interface.
Huawei has developed multiple types of BTSs to meet different requirements:
l
Distributed BTS, such as DBS3900 GSM
Fourth-generation indoor macro BTS, such as BTS3900 GSM
Fourth-generation outdoor macro BTS, such as BTS3900A GSM
Double-transceiver BTS series include:
Double-transceiver indoor macro BTS, such as BTS3012
Double-transceiver outdoor macro BTS, such as BTS3012AE
Double-transceiver outdoor BTS, such as BTS3006C and BTS3002E
5.1 Introduction to the BTS3012

This introduces the BTS3012. The BTS3012 is an indoor macro BTS that supports the doubletransceiver or multi-transceiver configuration. One BTS3012 cabinet can provide a maximum
of 12 TRXs or 36 TRXs.
5.2 Introduction to the BTS3012AE
This introduces the BTS3012AE. The BTS3012AE is an outdoor macro BTS that supports the
double-transceiver or multi-transceiver configuration. One BTS3012AE cabinet can provide a
maximum of 12 TRXs or 36 TRXs.
5.3 Introduction to the BTS3006C
This introduces the BTS3006C. The BTS3006C is one type of double-transceiver BTS. One
BTS3006C cabinet can provide a maximum of six TRXs.
5.4 Introduction to the BTS3002E
This introduces the BTS3002E. The BTS3002E is an outdoor base station of the Huawei doubletransceiver BTS family.
5.5 Introduction to the DBS3900 GSM
This introduces the DBS3900 GSM. The DBS3900 GSM is a type of multi-transceiver
distributed base station developed by Huawei.
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5-1

5.6 Introduction to the BTS3900 GSM

This introduces the BTS3900 GSM. The BTS3900 GSM is the fourth-generation indoor macro
BTS developed by Huawei.
5.7 Introduction to the BTS3900A GSM
This introduces the BTS3900A GSM. The BTS3900A GSM is the fourth-generation outdoor
macro BTS developed by Huawei.
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Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

5.1 Introduction to the BTS3012

This introduces the BTS3012. The BTS3012 is an indoor macro BTS that supports the doubletransceiver or multi-transceiver configuration. One BTS3012 cabinet can provide a maximum
of 12 TRXs or 36 TRXs.
System Architecture
The BTS3012 system consists of the cabinet, antenna subsystem, OM equipment, and auxiliary
equipment. Figure 5-1 shows the BTS3012 system architecture.
Figure 5-1 BTS3002E system architecture
BTS3012 cabinet
Auxiliary
equipment
Antenna
subsystem
Site maintenance equipment

BTS3012 system
Overview
The BTS3012 can be configured with the QTRU or the DTRU. The common features are as
follows:
l
Supports the TCH/FS static sensitivity of -112.5 dBm (typical value in normal temperature).
Supports the Hub BTS function.
Supports soft synchronization on the Um interface.
Supports Flex Abis networking.
Supports optimized Abis transmission.
Supports rapid switchover of the ring topology.
Supports local switching.
Supports Abis over IP.
Supports clock over IP.
Supports various transmission modes such as E1, FE, T1, STM-1, microwave, and satellite
transmission.
Besides the above features, the BTS3012 with the QTRU has the following features:
Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

5-3


l
Supports a maximum of 36 TRXs in a cabinet.
Supports the 900 MHz frequency band.
Besides the above features, the BTS3012 with the DTRU has the following features:
l
Supports a maximum of 12 TRXs in a cabinet and 72 TRXs in multiple cabinets.
Supports the Power Boost Technology (PBT). The maximum output power of one TRX is
100 W.
Supports transmit diversity and four-way receive diversity.
Supports multiple frequency bands (850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 1900 MHz) to
meet requirements in different regions.
Application Scenario
The BTS3012 supports the double-transceiver or multi-transceiver configuration and the
evolution to the GSM/EDGE radio access network (GERAN). It is widely deployed in areas
with heavy traffic and wide coverage requirements.
Physical Structure
The physical structure of the BTS3012 varies according to the configuration of transceiver units.
The BTS3012 supports the -48 V DC and +24 V DC input power.
l
For details on the physical structure of the BTS3012 (-48 V/+24 V) with the QTRU, refer
to Physical Structure of the BTS3012 (for 36 TRXs).
For details on the physical structure of the BTS3012 (-48 V/+24 V) with the DTRU, refer
to Physical Structure of the BTS3012 (-48 V/+24 V).
Logical Structure
The logical structure of the BTS3012 varies according to the configuration of transceiver units,
especially the transceiver subsystem and the RF front-end subsystem.
l
5-4
Figure 5-2 shows the logical structure of the BTS3012 with the QTRU. The BTS3012
consists of the following logical subsystems: common subsystem, signal protection
subsystem, multi-transceiver subsystem, RF front-end subsystem, antenna

Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

Figure 5-2 Logical structure of the BTS3012 with the QTRU
DATU
Monitoring
signal
External
monitoring Monitoring
equipment
signal
DMLC
DEMU
MS
DSAC
DTMU
E1
E1
DPTU
Optical
transmission
equipment
E1
Signal
Common
protection subsystem
subsystem
TMA
BSC
DDPU
DELC
DTRU
QTRU
DTRU
QTRU
DDPU
Multitransceiver
subsystem
TMA
RF front-end
subsystem
Antenna
subsystem
Power subsystem
l
Figure 5-3 shows the logical structure of the BTS3012 with the DTRU. The BTS3012
consists of the following logical subsystems: common subsystem, signal protection
subsystem, double-transceiver subsystem, RF front-end subsystem, antenna
Figure 5-3 Logical structure of the BTS3012 with the DTRU
DATU
Monitor
signal
External
monitoring
Monitor
equipment
signal
DTMU
DELC
DTRU
DTRU
DTRU
DTRU
Signal
DoubleCommon
protection
transceiver
subsystem
subsystem
subsystem
DCOM
DCOM
DDPU
TMA
Optical
transmission
equipment
(optional)
MS
DSAC
Optical
cable
DEMU
BSC
E1
DMLC
DDPU
RF front-end
subsystem
TMA
Antenna
subsystem
Power subsystem
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5-5


NOTE
The equipment shown in the dotted box in Figure 5-3 is optional. The RF front-end subsystem can be
optionally configured with the DFCU and DFCB.
Typical Hardware Configuration

The typical hardware configuration of the BTS3012 is categorized into the following two types:
l
Typical hardware configuration of a single BTS3012 cabinet
When the transceiver subsystem is configured with the QTRU, refer to Typical
Hardware Configuration of a Single BTS3012 Cabinet with the QTRU for the
typical hardware configuration of the BTS3012.
When the transceiver subsystem is configured with the DTRU, refer to Typical
Hardware Configuration of a Single BTS3012 Cabinet with the DTRU for the
typical hardware configuration of the BTS3012.
Typical hardware configuration of BTS3012 combined cabinets and cabinet groups
Hardware Configuration of BTS3012 Combined Cabinets and Cabinet Groups
with the QTRU for the typical hardware configuration of the BTS3012.
Hardware Configuration of BTS3012 Combined Cabinets and Cabinet Groups
with the DTRU for the typical hardware configuration of the BTS3012.
5.2 Introduction to the BTS3012AE

This introduces the BTS3012AE. The BTS3012AE is an outdoor macro BTS that supports the
double-transceiver or multi-transceiver configuration. One BTS3012AE cabinet can provide a
maximum of 12 TRXs or 36 TRXs.
System Architecture
The BTS3012AE system consists of the cabinet, antenna subsystem, OM equipment, and
auxiliary equipment. Figure 5-4 shows the BTS3012AE system architecture.
Figure 5-4 BTS3012AE system architecture
Auxiliary
equipment
Antenna
subsystem
BTS3012AE cabinet

BTS3012AE system
5-6

Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

Overview
The BTS3012AE can be configured with the QTRU or the DTRU. The common features are as
follows:
l
Supports the Hub BTS function.
Supports soft synchronization on the Um interface.
Supports optimized Abis transmission.
Supports rapid switchover of the ring topology.
Supports local switching.
Supports Abis over IP.
Supports clock over IP.
Supports various transmission modes such as E1, FE, T1, STM-1, microwave, and satellite
transmission.
Besides the above features, the BTS3012AE with the QTRU has the following features:
l
Supports a maximum of 36 TRXs in a cabinet and 72 TRXs in cabinet groups.
Supports the 900 MHz frequency band.
Besides the above features, the BTS3012AE with the DTRU has the following features:
l
Supports the Power Boost Technology (PBT). The maximum output power of one TRX is
100 W.
The BTS3012AE supports the evolution to the GSM/EDGE radio access network (GERAN). It
is deployed in cities, rural areas, and suburbs with heavy traffic and wide coverage requirements
or deployed in areas where site acquisition is difficult or the cost of an equipment room is high.
Physical Structure
The BTS3012AE supports the DC and AC input power. When the QTRU is configured, only
the AC input power is supported. The physical structure of the BTS3012AE varies according to
the external input power and the configuration of transceiver units.
l
When the BTS3012AE uses the DC input power, refer to Physical Structure of the
BTS3012AE (DC) for the physical structure of the BTS3012AE.
When the BTS3012AE uses the AC input power and is configured with the QTRU, refer
to Physical Structure of the BTS3012AE with the QTRU (AC) for the physical structure
of the BTS3012AE.
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5-7

When the BTS3012AE uses the AC input power and is configured with the DTRU, refer
to Physical Structure of the BTS3012AE with the DTRU (AC) for the physical structure
of the BTS3012AE.
Logical Structure
The logical structure of the BTS3012AE varies according to the external input power and the
configuration of transceiver units.
l
Figure 5-5 shows the logical structure of the BTS3012AE that uses the DC input power.
In this case, the BTS3012AE consists of the following logical subsystems: common
subsystem, signal protection subsystem, double-transceiver subsystem, RF front-end
subsystem, power subsystem, environment monitoring subsystem, and antenna
subsystem.
Figure 5-5 Logical structure of the BTS3012AE (DC)
DATU
Monitor
signal
External
monitoring
equipment Combined
group
signal
Other
cabinet
E1
DEMU
MS
DGLU
DTMU
DTRU
DTRU
Optical
transmission
equipment
(optional)
DTRU
DTRU
Signal
protection
subsystem
Monitoring
subsystem
Common
subsystem
Doubletransceiver
subsystem
PSU
DDPU
DCOM
TMA
Optical
cable
DCOM
DELU
BSC
DMLU
DDPU
RF front-end
Subsystem
TMA
Antenna
subsystem
-48 V DC
+24 V DC
Power subsystem
NOTE
l
5-8
Figure 5-6 shows the logical structure of the BTS3012AE that uses the AC input power
and is configured with the QTRU. In this case, the BTS3012AE consists of the following
logical subsystems: common subsystem, signal protection subsystem, multitransceiver subsystem, RF front-end subsystem, power subsystem, environment
monitoring subsystem, and antenna subsystem.

Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

Figure 5-6 Logical structure of the BTS3012AE with the QTRU (AC)
External
monitoring
devices
monitoring
signal
DATU
DMLU
Cabinet
groups
signal
Other
cabinets
E1
DTRU
QTRU
DTMU
DELU
DDPU
TMA
BSC
MS
DGLU
Optical
transmission
devices
DTRU
QTRU
DDPU
TMA
DPTU
E1
Signal
protection Common
subsystem subsystem
Environment
monitoring
subsystem
Multitransceiver
subsystem
RF front-end
subsystem
Antenna
subsystem
Storage
battery
DPMU
110 V AC/220 V AC
PSU
Power subsystem
Figure 5-7 shows the logical structure of the BTS3012AE that uses the AC input power
and is configured with the DTRU. In this case, the BTS3012AE consists of the following
logical subsystems: common subsystem, signal protection subsystem, doubletransceiver subsystem, RF front-end subsystem, power subsystem, environment
monitoring subsystem, and antenna subsystem.
Figure 5-7 Logical structure of the BTS3012AE with the DTRU (AC)
External
monitoring
equipment
Monitor
signal
DMLU
DATU
Combined
Other group signal

cabinet
E1
DTMU
Optical
transmission
equipment
(optional)
DTRU
DTRU
Signal
protection
subsystem
Monitoring
subsystem
Common
subsystem
DPMU
Doubletransceiver
subsystem
DCOM
DDPU
TMA
Optical
cable
DCOM
DELU
DTRU
DTRU
BSC
MS
DGLU
DDPU
RF front-end
Subsystem
TMA
Antenna
subsystem
Storage
battery
PSU
110 V AC/220 V AC
Power supply subsystem
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5-9


NOTE

The typical hardware configuration of the BTS3012AE is categorized into the following two
types:
l
Typical hardware configuration of a single BTS3012AE cabinet
Hardware Configuration of a Single BTS3012AE Cabinet with the QTRU for the
typical hardware configuration of the BTS3012AE.
Hardware Configuration of a Single BTS3012AE Cabinet with the DTRU for the
typical hardware configuration of the BTS3012AE.
Typical hardware configuration of BTS3012AE combined cabinets and cabinet groups
Hardware Configuration of BTS3012AE Combined Cabinets and Cabinet Groups
with the QTRU for the typical hardware configuration of the BTS3012AE.
Hardware Configuration of BTS3012AE Combined Cabinets and Cabinet Groups
with the DTRU for the typical hardware configuration of the BTS3012AE.
5.3 Introduction to the BTS3006C

This introduces the BTS3006C. The BTS3006C is one type of double-transceiver BTS. One
BTS3006C cabinet can provide a maximum of six TRXs.
System Architecture
The BTS3006C system consists of the BTS3006C cabinet, antenna subsystem, OM equipment,
and auxiliary equipment. Figure 5-8 shows the BTS3006C system architecture.
Figure 5-8 BTS3006C system architecture
BTS3006C system
Auxiliary
equipment
BTS3006C cabinet
Antenna
subsystem
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Overview
The BTS3006C has the following features:
l
Supports multiple transmission modes, such as E1, T1, STM-1(built-in), microwave, and
satellite transmission.
The BTS3006C cabinet holds up to six TRXs. The advantages of the BTS3006C are high power,
large capacity, compact size, and easy installation. The BTS3006C reduces the investment on
the equipment room. It can be deployed in areas such as suburbs, rural areas, bus stations,
airports, expressways, and railways.
Physical Structure
The BTS3006C cabinet consists of the DDRM slot, DAFM slots, DPSM/DSEM slot, DMCM
slot, and fan subrack. For details on the physical structure of the BTS3002E, refer to Physical
Structure of the BTS3006C.
Logical Structure
The BTS3006C consists of the common subsystem, double-transceiver subsystem, RF frontend subsystem, power subsystem, and antenna subsystem. Figure 5-9 shows the logical
structure of the BTS3006C.
Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

5-11

Figure 5-9 Logical structure of the BTS3006C

Extension
cabinet
SFP
(optical cable)
DATM
External
monitoring
equipment
BSC
Optical
transmit
equipment
MS
Monitoring
signal
DDRM
DDPM
TMA
DDRM
DDPM
TMA
DDRM
DDPM
TMA
Double-transceiver
subsystem
RF front-end
subsystem
Antenna
subsystem
E1
DMCM
Optical
cable
Common
subsystem
DPSM
DSEM
AC-Power Input
DC-Power Input
Power subsystem
NOTE
The equipment shown in the dotted box in Figure 5-9 is optional.

The typical hardware configuration of the BTS3006C has the following two types:
l
Typical hardware configuration of a single BTS3006C cabinet. For details, refer to Typical
Configuration of One BTS3006C Cabinet.
Typical hardware configuration of BTS3006C combined cabinets and cabinet groups. For
details, refer to Typical Configuration of BTS3006C Combined Cabinets and Cabinet
Groups.
5.4 Introduction to the BTS3002E

This introduces the BTS3002E. The BTS3002E is an outdoor base station of the Huawei doubletransceiver BTS family.
System Architecture
The BTS3002E system consists of the BTS3002E cabinet, antenna subsystem, OM equipment,
and auxiliary equipment. Figure 5-10 shows the BTS3002E system architecture.
5-12

Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

Figure 5-10 BTS3002E system architecture

BTS3002E system
Auxiliary
equipment
BTS3002E cabinet
Antenna
subsystem
Overview
The BTS3002E has the following features:
l
Supports transmit diversity, four-way receive diversity, AMR, and the built-in antenna.
Supports multiple transmission modes, such as E1, T1, STM-1 (built-in), microwave, and
satellite transmission.
The BTS3002E cabinet can hold up to two TRXs. The advantages of the BTS3002E are strong
coverage capability, compact size, and easy installation. The BTS3002E reduces the investment
on the equipment room.
Physical Structure
The BTS3002E cabinet consists of the DDRM slot, DAFM slots, DPSM/DSEM slot, DMCM
slot, and fan subrack. For details on the physical structure of the BTS3002E, refer to Physical
Structure of the BTS3002E.
Logical Structure
The BTS3002E consists of the common subsystem, double-transceiver subsystem, RF frontend subsystem, power subsystem, and antenna subsystem. Figure 5-11 shows the logical
structure of the BTS3002E.
Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

5-13

Figure 5-11 Logical structure of the BTS3002E

Extension
cabinet
SFP
(optical cable
DATM
MS
Monitor
signal
TMA
External
monitoring
BSC
TMA
E1
DMCM
DDRM
DDPM
Common
subsystem
Double-transceiver
subsystem
RF front-end
subsystem
Optical
Optical
cable
transmit
equipment
DPSM
DSEM
Power
subsystem
Antenna
subsystem
AC-power input
DC-power input
NOTE
The equipment shown in the dotted box in Figure 5-11 is optional.

The typical hardware configuration of the BTS3002E is categorized into the following two types:
l
Typical hardware configuration of a single BTS3002E cabinet. For details, refer to Typical
Configuration of One BTS3002E Cabinet.
Typical hardware configuration of BTS3002E combined cabinets and cabinet groups. For
details, refer to Typical Configuration of BTS3002E Combined Cabinets and Cabinet
Groups.
5.5 Introduction to the DBS3900 GSM

This introduces the DBS3900 GSM. The DBS3900 GSM is a type of multi-transceiver
distributed base station developed by Huawei.
5-14

Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

System Architecture
The DBS3900 GSM consists of the BBU3900 GSM, RRU3004, and antenna subsystem. Figure
5-12 shows the DBS3900 GSM system architecture.
Figure 5-12 DBS3900 GSM system architecture
RRU3004
RRU3004
Antenna system
BBU3900
RRU3004
The BBU3900 GSM provides physical interfaces for connections with the BSC and RRU.
It performs centralized management (OM and signaling processing) of the entire base
station system and provides the reference clock to the system.
The RRU3004 is an outdoor remote RF unit. It processes baseband signals and RF signals.
The antenna subsystem receives uplink signals and transmits downlink signals on the Um
interface.
Overview
The DBS3900 GSM has the following features:
l
The maximum remote distance in cascaded mode is 40 km.
Each RRU module carries two TRXs. The two combined RRU modules carry four TRXs.
Each BBU supports a maximum of 36 TRXs. It can support Abis IP through software
upgrade.
Supports the Power Boost Technology (PBT). The maximum output power of the TRX is
40 W at 900 MHz or 30 W at 1800 MHz.
Supports software synchronization
Supports E1 and T1 transmission
Supports multiple network topologies, such as star, tree, chain, ring, and hybrid topologies.
Supports transmission sharing between the GSM system and the UMTS system.
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5-15


l
Supports AMR.
Supports Abis transmission optimization. It supports the detection and recovery of idle
frames on the DBS and the BSC sides. Idle frames are not transmitted on the transmission
link. This saves the transmission bandwidth.
Supports multiple frequency bands (850 MHz and 1800 MHz) to meet requirements in
different regions.
The DBS3900 GSM uses the Remote Radio Head (RRH) technology and features flexible
topology. It can be deployed in indoor coverage scenarios and outdoor coverage scenarios, such
as city street, highway, and railway.
BBU3900 GSM Module

Each BBU3900 GSM consists of five logical units: BTS interface unit, central processing unit,
high-speed interface unit, clock unit, and monitoring unit. Figure 5-13 shows the logical
structure of the BBU3900 GSM.
Figure 5-13 Logical structure of the BBU3900 GSM
Boolean alarm input
BBU
Monitoring unit
Environment
monitoring bus
Site
maintenance
terminal
MMI
Central processing unit
Control path
Maintenance
path
BSC
Abis
BTS interface unit
Timing
External
synchronization clock
Clock unit
Service
data path
High-speed CPRI
interface unit
RRU
Frame
number
and clock
For details on the logical units of the BBU3900 GSM, refer to:
5-16
BTS Interface Unit
Central Processing Unit
High-Speed Interface Unit

Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

l
Clock Unit
Monitoring Unit
RRU3004 Module
Each RRU3004 module consists of five logical units: high-speed interface unit, signal processing
unit, power amplifier (PA), dual duplexer, and low noise amplifier (LNA). Figure 5-14 shows
the logical structure of the RRU3004.
Figure 5-14 Logical structure of the RRU3004
RRU
Signal
processing
BBU/
RRU
processing
unit for TX
signals
Processin
g unit for
RX signals
Carrier detection
DAC
PA
DAC
PA
TX1
RX1
LOAD
ADC
LNA
ADC
LNA
Duplexer
Optical
interface
High-speed interface unit
BBU
Control
module
CMD
Antenna
system
TX2
RX2
RXD_IN
RXM_OUT
For details on the logical units of the RRU3004, refer to:

l
High-Speed Interface Unit
Signal Processing Unit
PA
Dual Duplexer
LNA

For details on the typical configuration of the DBS3900 GSM, refer to Typical Configuration
of the DBS3900.
5.6 Introduction to the BTS3900 GSM

This introduces the BTS3900 GSM. The BTS3900 GSM is the fourth-generation indoor macro
BTS developed by Huawei.
Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

5-17

System Architecture
The BTS3900 GSM system consists of the cabinet, antenna subsystem, OM equipment, and
auxiliary equipment. Figure 5-15 shows the BTS3900 GSM system architecture.
Figure 5-15 BTS3900 GSM system architecture
BTS3900 cabinet
Auxiliary
equipment
Antenna
subsystem
OM equipment
BTS3900 system
Overview
The BTS3900 GSM has the following features:
5-18
Supports smooth evolution from 2G to 3G through the unified BTS platform.
Supports the Abis IP/FE port in hardware and supports Abis over IP through software
upgrade.
Shares the BBU, which is the central processing unit, with the DBS3900 GSM to minimize
the number of spare parts and reduce the cost.
Features small size, flexible installation, easy maintenance, and low OM cost.
Supports multiple frequency bands, such as PGSM900, EGSM900, and DCS1800.
Supports transmit diversity and PBT.
Supports two-way and four-way receive diversities to improve the uplink coverage.
Supports the GPRS and EGPRS.
Supports omnidirectional cells and directional cells.
Supports the hierarchical cell, concentric cell, and micro cell.
Supports the A5/3, A5/2, and A5/1 encryption and decryption algorithms.
Supports the cell broadcast SMS and point-to-point SMS.
Supports synchronization with the BTS3012.
Supports a maximum of 12 TRXs in a cabinet and the maximum configuration of S4/4/4.
Supports a maximum of 72 TRXs in multiple cabinets and the maximum configuration of

S24/24/24.
Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

A single BTS3900 GSM cabinet supports the S4/4/4 configuration. The BTS3900 GSM can
support the S4/4/4 + S4/4/4 configuration through cabinet stack. When the equipment room
space is limited, the large-capacity configuration can be used to realize the coverage of densely
populated urban areas.
Physical Structure
The BTS3900 GSM cabinet is designed in compliance with the IEC297 standard. It has a modular
structure and processes the signals associated with the BTS. Based on the input power, the
BTS3900 GSM cabinet is categorized into the following types:
l
BTS3900 GSM (-48 V DC) cabinet, which supports the -48 V DC input power. For details
on the physical structure, refer to Structure of the BTS3900 -48 V Cabinet.
BTS3900 GSM (+24 V DC) cabinet, which supports the +24 V DC input power. For details
on the physical structure, refer to Structure of the BTS3900 +24 V Cabinet.
BTS3900 GSM (220 V AC) cabinet, which supports the 220 V AC input power. For details
on the physical structure, refer to Structure of the BTS3900 220 V Cabinet.
The BTS3900 GSM (+24 V DC) cabinet and the BTS3900 GSM (220 V AC) cabinet are
configured with the power conversion module.
l
The BTS3900 GSM (+24 V DC) cabinet is configured with the PSU (DC/DC), which
converts +24 V DC into -48 V DC. Then, the power is distributed through the DCDU.
The BTS3900 GSM (220 V AC) cabinet is configured with the PSU (AC/DC), which
converts 220 V AC into -48 V DC. Then, the power is distributed through the DCDU.
Logical Structure
The BTS3900 GSM consists of the BBU and DRFUs. The BTS3900 GSM consists of the
following logical subsystems: RF subsystem, control subsystem, power subsystem, and antenna
subsystem. Figure 5-16 shows the logical structure of the BTS3900 GSM.
Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

5-19

Figure 5-16 Logical structure of the BTS3900 GSM
CPRI
RF
signals
DRFU
Bias-Tee
TMA
MS
BSC
E1
GATM
BBU
CPRI
Optical
transmission
device
DRFU
E1
Control
subsystem
RF
signals
Bias-Tee
Antenna subsystem
RF subsystem
-48 V DC
DCDU-01
-48 V DC
+24 V DC
TMA
-48 V DC
Power subrack
Power subsystem
(DC/DC)
Power subrack
(AC/DC)
220 V AC
NOTE
If the TMA is configured, the GATM and the Bias Tee must be configured.

For details on the typical hardware configuration of the BTS3900 GSM, refer to Typical
Configuration of the BTS3900/BTS3900A.
5.7 Introduction to the BTS3900A GSM

This introduces the BTS3900A GSM. The BTS3900A GSM is the fourth-generation outdoor
macro BTS developed by Huawei.
System Architecture
The BTS3900A GSM system consists of the cabinet, antenna subsystem, OM equipment, and
auxiliary equipment. Figure 5-17 shows the BTS3900A GSM system architecture.
5-20

Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

Figure 5-17 BTS3900A GSM system architecture

BTS3900A
cabinet
Auxiliary
Equipment
Antenna
subsystem
OM Equipment
BTS3900A system
Overview
The features of the BTS3900A GSM are as follows:
l
Supports smooth evolution from 2G to 3G through the unified BTS platform.
Supports the Abis IP/FE port in hardware and supports Abis over IP through software
upgrade.
Shares the BBU, which is the central processing unit, with the DBS3900 GSM to minimize
the number of spare parts and reduce the cost.
Features small size, flexible installation, easy maintenance, and low OM cost.
Supports multiple frequency bands, such as PGSM900, EGSM900, and DCS1800.
Supports transmit diversity and PBT.
Supports two-way and four-way receive diversities to improve the uplink coverage.
Supports the GPRS and EGPRS.
Supports omnidirectional cells and directional cells.
Supports the hierarchical cell, concentric cell, and micro cell.
Supports the A5/3, A5/2, and A5/1 encryption and decryption algorithms.
Supports the cell broadcast SMS and point-to-point SMS.
Supports synchronization with the BTS3012.
Supports a maximum of 12 TRXs in a cabinet and the maximum configuration of S4/4/4.
Supports a maximum of 72 TRXs in multiple cabinets and the maximum configuration of

S24/24/24.
A single BTS3900A GSM cabinet supports the S4/4/4 configuration. The BTS3900 GSM can
support the S4/4/4 + S4/4/4 configuration through cabinet stack. When the equipment room
space is limited, the large-capacity configuration can be used to realize the coverage of densely
populated urban areas.
Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

5-21

Physical Structure
The BTS3900A GSM cabinet is designed in compliance with the IEC297 standard. It has a
modular structure and processes the signals within the BTS. The BTS3900A GSM cabinet
houses the DRFU, BBU, DCDU (four outputs), FMUA, FAN unit, and GATM. The GATM is
an optional module. For details on the physical structure of the BTS3900A GSM, refer to
Structure of the BTS3900A Cabinet.
Logical Structure
The BTS3900A GSM consists of the BBU and DRFU. The BTS3900A GSM consists of the
following logical subsystems: RF subsystem, control subsystem, power subsystem, and antenna
subsystem. Figure 5-18 shows the logical structure of the BTS3900A GSM.
Figure 5-18 Logical structure of the BTS3900A GSM
CPRI
E1
TMA
GATM
BBU
CPRI
Optical
transmission
device
MS
Bias-Tee
BSC
DRFU
RF
signals
E1
Control
subsystem
DCDU-03A
DRFU
RF
signals
RF subsystem
DCDU-02
-48 V DC
Battery
Power
subsystem
TMA
Bias-Tee
Antenna subsystem
220 V AC
PDU
220 V AC
Power subrack
(AC/DC)

For details on the typical hardware configuration of the BTS3900A GSM, refer to Typical
Configuration of the BTS3900/BTS3900A.
5-22

Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

Introduction to the BSS OM Subsystem
About This Chapter

This introduces the BSS OM subsystem. Huawei BSS system provides comprehensive operation
and maintenance tools, such as the M2000, a core operation and maintenance tool for Huawei
mobile networks, and the complete operation and maintenance tools for 2G radio access network.
6.1 Huawei Mobile Network OM System
The core of Huawei mobile network OM system is iManager M2000 Mobile Element
Management System (hereinafter referred to as M2000), a centralized element management
system, which performs the functions of Element Management System (EMS). The M2000
provides powerful centralized management and maintenance functions for mobile
telecommunication equipment.
6.2 OM System of 2G RAN Devices
The 2G OM system consists of BSC6000, BTS3012/BTS3012AE/BTS3006C/BTS3002E,
PCU6000, OMC LocalWS, and PCU command terminal equipment. To ensure that the OM
system runs properly, you need to configure the OM ports, IP addresses, physical ports, TCP/
UDP ports of the previous equipment correctly.
Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

6-1

6.1 Huawei Mobile Network OM System

The core of Huawei mobile network OM system is iManager M2000 Mobile Element
Management System (hereinafter referred to as M2000), a centralized element management
system, which performs the functions of Element Management System (EMS). The M2000
provides powerful centralized management and maintenance functions for mobile
telecommunication equipment.
Module of Huawei Mobile OM System

The M2000 performs integrated management for Huawei mobile telecommunication equipment,
including the central management and maintenance of 2G and 3G equipment. The managed NEs
are classified intovarious subsystems in domains such as UMTS and GSM.
Figure 6-1 shows Huawei mobile network OM system.
Figure 6-1 Huawei mobile network OM system
6-2
FM: Fault Management
SM: Security Management
PM: Performance Management
SWM: Software Management
CM: Configuration Management
SYM: System Management
TM: Topo Management
NBI: NorthBound Interface

Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

NOTE
For detailed function description, refer to the related manuals.
Basic OM Functions
The M2000 provides the following basic EMS functions:
l
FM: Fault Management
PM: Performance Management
CM: Configuration Management
TM: Topology management
SM: Security Management
SWM: Software management
SYM: System management
NBI: Northbound interface
Special OM Function Modules

The M2000 provides the following EMS management functions that are applied in particular
scenarios or for special services:
l
CME
Provides graphical configuration solution for RAN.
iWeb
Provides the performance reports that be customized. It is the integrated performance report
processing software of the M2000.
ISSTAR
Provides enhanced script development in OM field.
Message Trace
Traces messages.
OM Modes
The M2000 provides the following OM modes:
l
Centralized OM
The M2000 centrally manages all or some sub domains to form a centralized OM system.
Domain-Based OM
The M2000 manages a specific sub domain to form an individual OM system.
6.2 OM System of 2G RAN Devices

The 2G OM system consists of BSC6000, BTS3012/BTS3012AE/BTS3006C/BTS3002E,
PCU6000, OMC LocalWS, and PCU command terminal equipment. To ensure that the OM
system runs properly, you need to configure the OM ports, IP addresses, physical ports, TCP/
UDP ports of the previous equipment correctly.
Issue 01 (2008-06-10)

6-3

BSS System Description (V900R008C01 - 01)

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HUAWEI BSC6000 Base Station Subsystem