Wastewater Treatment Formula Sheet
1. Circumference, Area, Volume
a. Circumference
C = 3.1416 x Diamete r
b. Perimeter
P = [ 2 x Length ] + [ 2 x Width ]
c. Area
Rectangle
Area = Length x Width
Circle
Area = 0.785 x Diameter x Diameter
Area =
Triangle
1
x Base x Height
2
d. Volume
Volume = Length x Width x Depth
Rectangle
Volume = 0.785 x Diameter x Diameter x Depth
Cylinder
Cone
Volume = 0.262 x Diameter x Diameter x Height
Sphere
Volume = 0.524 x Diameter x Diameter x Diameter
2. Conversion Factors
a. ft3 to Gallons
Volume, Gallons = Volume, ft 3 x 7.48 Gallons / ft 3
Pounds = Gallons x 8.34 lbs/Gallon
b. Gallons to Pounds
Pounds = Concentration, mg/L x Tank Volume, MG x 8.34 lbs / MG / mg/L
c. mg/L to Pounds
Pounds/Day = Concentration, mg/L x Flow, MGD x 8.34 lbs / MG / mg/L
d. mg/L to Pounds/Day
e. mg/L to Kilograms/Day
Kilograms/Day = Conc. , mg/L x Flow, MGD x 3.785 lbs / MG / mg/L
f. mg/KG to Pounds/Ton
Pounds/Ton = Concentration, mg/KG x 0.002 lbs / ton / mg/KG
g. Pounds to mg/L
h. Pounds/day to mg/L
i. Pounds/day to MGD
3. Flow
a. MGD to GPD
b. MGD to GPM
c. MGD to CFS
Concentration =
Quantity, lbs
(Tank Volume, MG x 8.34 lbs / mg/L / MG)
Concentration =
Flow, MGD =
Quantity, lbs
(Flow, MGD x 8.34 lbs / mg/L / MG)
Quantity, lbs / day
( Concentration, mg/L x 8.34 lbs / mg/L / MG )
Flow, GPD = Flow, MGD x 1,000,000 gallons / MG
Flow, GPM =
Flow, MGD x 1,000,000 gallons / MG
1,440 minute / Day
Flow, cfs = Flow, MGD x 1.55 cfs / MGD
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4. Chemical Weight
Using Specific Gravity
Weight, lbs / Gallon = Specific Gravity x 8.34 lbs / Gallon
5. Population Equivalent
P.E., People =
BOD 5 , mg/L x Flow, MGD x 8.34 lbs / mg/L /MG
0.17 lbs BOD5 / Person / Day
6. Percent to Decimal Percent
Percent ( Decimal ) =
Percent
100
7. Percent Removal
[ Influent Concentration Effluent Concentration ] x 100
Influent Concentration
a. Based on Concentration
% Removal =
b. Based on Quantity (lbs,
lbs/day, KG or KG/day)
% Removal =
[ Influent Quantity Effluent Quantity ] x 100
Influent Quantity
HDT, Minutes =
Tank Volume, ft 3 x 7.48 gal / ft 3 x 1,440 Minutes / Day
Flow, Gallons / Day
8. Hydraulic Detention Time
a. HDT, Minutes
HDT, Hours =
b. HDT, Hours
Tank Volume, ft 3 x 7.48 gal / ft 3 x 24 Hours / Day
Flow, Gallons / Day
HDT, Days =
c. HDT, Days
Tank Volume, ft 3 x 7.48 gal / ft 3
Flow, Gallons / Day
9. Flow Measurement
a. Flow, (Fill and Draw), GPM
b. Flow (Velocity), cfs
Flow Rate, GPM =
Volume Added or Removed, Gallons
Time, Minutes
Flow ( Q ), cfs = Channel Width, ft x Water Depth, ft x Velocity, fps
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10. Grit Removal
a. Velocity (float method)
b. Velocity
Velocity, fps =
Velocity, fps =
c. Settling Time*
Distance Traveled, ft
Time Required, Seconds
Flow, MGD x 1.55 cfs / MGD
Channels in Service x Channel Width, ft x Water Depth, ft
Settling Time, Seconds =
d. Required Channel Length*
Channel Length, ft =
Water Depth, Feet
Settling Velocity, fps
Water Depth, Ft x Water Velocity, fps
Settling Velocity, fps
* The settling velocity must be given or determined experimentally.
11. Settling
a. Weir Overflow Rate
b. Surface Loading Rate
c. Solids Loading Rate
12. Ponds
a. Area in Acres
b. Volume in Acre-Feet
c. Flow in Acre-Feet/Day
d. Flow, Acre-Inches/Day
e. Hydraulic Detention
Time, Days
f. Hydraulic Loading
g. Organic Loading
h. Population Loading
Flow, Gallon / Day
Weir Length, ft
Weir Overflow Rate, GPD / ft =
Surface Loading Rate, GPD / ft 2 =
SLR, lbs / day / ft 2 =
Flow, Gallons / Day
Settling Tank Area, ft 2
Influent TSS, mg/L x Flow, MGD x 8.34 lbs / mg/L /MG
Settling Tank Area, ft 2
Area, acres =
Pond Volume, Acre Feet =
Area, ft 2
43,560 ft 2 / acre
Length, ft x Width, ft x Depth, ft
43,560 ft 3 / Acre Foot
Flow, Acre Ffeet / Day = Flow, MGD x 3.069 Acre Feet / MG
Flow, Acre Inches / Day = Flow, MGD x 36.8 Acre Inches / MG
Hydraulic Detention Time, Days =
Hydraulic Loading, Inches / Day =
O. L. , lbs BOD 5 / Acre / Day =
Pond Volume, Acre Feet
Influent Flow, Acre Feet / Day
Influent Flow, Acre Inches / Day
Pond Area, Acres
BOD5 , mg/L x Flow in , MGD x 8.34 lbs /mg/L /MG
Pond Area, Acres
P.L. , People / Acre / Day =
Population Served by System, People
Pond Area, Acres
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13. Trickling Filter
a. Total Flow (given flows)
b. Total Flow (given ratio)
Total Flow, MGD = Influent Flow, MGD + Recirculat ion Flow, MGD
Total Flow, MGD = Influent Flow, MGD x (1.0 + Recirculation Rate)
Hydraulic Loading, GPD / ft 2 =
c. Hydraulic Loading
Total Flow To Filter, GPD
Filter Area, ft 2
Total flow always includes recirculated flow.
O L, lbs BOD 5 / day / 1,000 ft 3 =
d. Organic Loading
BOD 5 IN, mg/L x Flow in , MGD x 8.34 x 1,000
Filter Volume, ft 3
Organic loading does not include recirculated flows
14. Rotating Biological Contactors
SBOD, mg / L = Total BOD5 , mg/L ( K Factor x Influent TSS mg/L)
a. Soluble BOD
Total Media / Train, ft 2 = ( Stage1 , ft 2 + Stage 2 , ft 2 + K + Stage n , ft 2 )
b. Total Media
Total Media, ft 2 = ( MediaTrain , ft 2 + Media Train , ft 2 + K + Media Train , ft 2 )
1
2
n
c. Hydraulic Loading
Hydraulic Loading, GPD / ft 2 =
d. Soluble Organic Loading
e. Total Organic Loading
SOL, lbs / 1,000 ft 2 / Day =
TOL, lbs / 1,000 ft 2 / Day =
Influent Flow MGD x 1,000,000 gal / MG
Total Media Area, ft 2
SBOD in , mg/L x Flow, MGD x 8.34 x 1,000
Total Media Area, ft 2
Total BOD in , mg/L x Flow, MGD x 8.34 x 1,000
Total Media Area, ft 2
15. Activated Sludge
a. Settled Sludge Volume
SSV, mL/L =
Settled Sludge Volume (SSV), mL x 1,000 mL/L
Sample Volume, mL
Settled Sludge Volume (SSV), mL x 100
Sample Volume, mL
b. Settled Sludge Volume
% SSV =
c. Return Rate (By SSV)
Return, MGD =
d. Return Rate (By SVI)
RASSS, mg/L =
% Return =
e. Return Rate
(Clarifier Mass Balance)
SSV 30
x Flow in , MGD
1000 SSV 30
1,000,000
SVI
Flow in x MLSS, mg/L
RASSS, mg/L MLSS, mg/L
[ MLSS, mg / L x ( FLowIn , MGD + RAS Flow , MGD ) ] + ( WAS Flow , MGD x WASSS, mg/L )
RASSS,mg/L + MLSS, mg / L
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15 . Activated Sludge (continued)
f. Clarifier Solids
(Core Sample)
SolidsC , lbs = Core Sample TSS , mg/L x VolumeC MG x 8.34 lbs / mg/L / MG
g. Clarifier Solids
(MLSS)
SolidsC = MLSS , mg/L x VolumeC , MG x 8.34 lbs / mg/L / MG
h. Clarifier Solids
(MLSS and RASSS)
MLSS, mg/L + RASSS, mg/L
x VolumeC , MG x 8.34 lbs / mg/L / MG
SolidsC , lbs =
2
C = Clarifier or Settling Tank
MLSS = Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids in milligrams / Liter
RASSS = Return Activated Sludge Suspended Solids in milligrams / Liter
i. Sludge Volume Index
j. F:M Ratio
k. Desired MLVSS, (lbs)
l. Desired MLVSS (mg/L)
m. Waste Volatile Solids
(Based on F:M)
n. Waste Rate, MGD
(Based on F:M)
o. MCRT, Days
p. Waste Solids, lbs/day
(Based on MCRT)
q. Waste Rate, MGD
(Based on MCRT)
r. Waste Rate, GPM
SVI =
Settled Sludge Volume, ( SSV )30 minutes x 1,000
MLSS, mg/L
Aeration Influent COD or BOD 5 , mg/L x Aeration Influent Flow, MGD x 8.34
MLVSS, mg/L x Aeration Volume, MG x 8.34
MLVSS, lbs =
Primary Effluent BOD5 or COD, mg/L x Flow, MGD x 8.34
Desired F : M Ratio
MLVSS, mg/L =
Desired MLVSS , lbs
(Aeration Volume, MG x 8.34)
Waste, lbs = Actual MLVSS, lbs Required MLVSS, lbs
Waste, MGD =
Waste Volatile Solids, lbs / day
(Waste Volatile Concentration, mg/L x 8.34)
[ MLSS, mg/L x ( Aeration , MG + Settling, MG ) x 8.34 ]
( WASSS, mg/L x WAS, MGD x 8.34 ) + ( TSS out , mg/L x Flow out , MGD x 8.34 )
( MLSS, mg/L x ( Aeration Vol., MG + Settling Vol., MG ) x 8.34 )
( TSS out , mg/L x Flow out , MGD x 8.34 )
Desired MCRT, days
Waste, MGD =
Waste Solids, lbs / day
Waste Activated Sludge Concentration, mg/L x 8.34
Waste Rate, gpm =
Waste Rate, MGD x 1,000,000 gal / MG
1,440 minutes / day
16. Chemical Addition
a. Demand
b. Dose, mg/L
c. Required Chemical
(Feed Rate, lbs/day)
Demand, mg/L = Dose, mg/L Residual, mg/L
Dose, mg/L =
Feed Rate, lbs / day
Daily Flow, MGD x 8.34 lbs / mg/L/ MG
Required Chemical industrial , lbs / Day =
Dose, mg/L x Daily Flow, MGD x 8.34 lbs / mg/L / MG
% ( decimal ) Active Ingredient in Industrial Chemical
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16.
Chemical Addition (Continued)
d. Feed Rate, gpd
Feed, gpd =
e. Feed Rate, gpm
Feed, gpm =
Required Chemical Industrial , lbs/day
Weight / Gallon of Chemical Industrial , lbs / gal
Required Chemical Industrial , lbs/day
Weight / Gallon of Chemical Industrial , lbs / gal x 1,440 minutes / day
Required Chemical industrial , lbs / day x 3,785 mL / gal
Weight / Gallon of Chemical Industrial , lbs / gal x 1,440 min / day
f. Feed Rate, mL/minute
Feed, mL / minute =
g. Supply Required
Required Supply, containers =
h. Supply on Hand
Supply on Hand, days =
i. Increases,
(price, usage, or for safety)
j. Chemical Cost
k. Chemical Makeup
(dry chemical)
l. Chemical Makeup
(solution)
17.
# Full Containers x Weight of Chemical in a Full Container, lbs / container
Chemical Feed Rate, lbs / day
Increase = Current Amount x [ 1.0 + % ( decimal ) Increase]
Required, lbs =
%Active Chemical working x Volume, gallons x 8.34 lbs / gallon
%Active Chemical supply
Volume Makeup =
m. Active Ingredient
Feed Rate, lbs / day x Days Supply Required, days
Weight of Chemical in a Full Container, lbs / container
Concentration Working x Volume Working
Concentration Makeup
Chemical Used Active Ingredient = Chemical Used, lbs x % Active Ingredient
Solids Pumping
a. Estimated Pump Rate
(gallons/minute)
b. Gallon pumped
GPD
c. Solids Pumped lbs/day
Rate, gpm =
GPD = Pump Rate, gpm x Cycles, Cycles / day x Cycle Time, minutes / cycle
Solids , lbs / day = Solids Volume , gpd x 8.34 lbs / gal % ( decimal ) Solids
d. Volatile Solids Pumped,
lbs/day
18. Thickening
a. Solids Loading Rate
(SLR) lbs/day/ft2
b. Solids Loading Rate
(SLR) lbs/hour/ft2
( TSS in - TSSout ) x Flow, MGD
% Solids x Pump Time, minutes / day
Volatile Solids , lbs / day = Solids Volume, gpd x 8.34 lbs / gal x % Solids x % Volatile Matter
All % values must be in decimal form.
SLR, lbs / day / ft 2 =
TSS in , mg / L x Flow in , MGD x 8.34 lbs / gallon
Thickener Area, ft 2
Solids Loading, lbs / hr / ft 2 =
Solids Applied, lbs / hour
Thickener Area, ft 2
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18. Thickening (continued)
c. Solids Volume
Ratio (SVR)
d. Hydraulic Loading
SVR =
Hydraulic
e. Air : Solids Ratio
Loading, gpd / ft 2 =
Air : Solids Ratio =
f. Concentration
Factor
Total Thickener
Thickener
Digestion
Digestion
e. Volatile Matter
Reduction
Volatile Solids Added, lbs / day
Digester Volume, ft 3
Time, days =
Digester Volume, gallons
Influent Flow, gpd
Time, days =
Digester Solids, pounds
Influent Solids, lbs / day
Chemical Used lab , mg x Digester Volume, MG x 8.34 lbs / mg / L /MG
Sludge Volume lab , Liters
% V. M. Reduction =
20. Anaerobic Digestion
a. Seed Volume
b. Volatile Solids Loading
Flow, gpd
Area, ft 2
% Solids Thickener Sludge out
% Solids Thickener Sludge in
Volatile Solids Loading, lbs /day / ft 3 =
Chemical Re q' d =
Influent
Air Flow Rate, ft 3 / minute x 0.075lbs / ft 3
Sludge Flow, gpm x % Solids x 8.34 lbs / gallon
Concentrat ion Factor =
19. Aerobic Digestion
a. Volatile Solids Loading
lbs/day/ft3
b. Digestion Time
(based on flow)
c. Digestion Time
(based on solids)
d. Chemical Requirement
( % V.M .in % V.M .out ) x 100
[ % V.M .in ( % V.M .in x % V.M .out ) ]
Seed, gallons = Digester Volume, gallons x Desired % Seed Volume
Volatile Solids Loading, lbs /day / ft 3 =
c. Volatile Acids/ Alkalinity
Ratio
d. Chemical Requirement
e. Volatile Matter
Reduction
f. Gas Production ft3/Day
Solids Blanket Volume, gallons
Thickener Influent Flow, gallons / day
V. A. : Alkalini ty Ratio =
Chemical Re q' d =
Volatile Solids Added, lbs / day
Digester Volume, ft 3
Volatile Acids, mg / L
Alkalinity , mg / L
Chemical Used lab , mg x Digester Volume, MG x 8.34 lbs / mg / L /MG
Sludge Volume lab , Liters
% V. M. Reduction =
( % V.M . in % V.M . out ) x 100
[ % V.M . in ( % V.M . in x % V.M .out ) ]
Gas , ft 3 = Volatile Solids in , lbs / day x % V. M. Reduction x Rate, ft 3 / lb V.M. Destroyed
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21. Biosolids Disposal
a. Solids Production
(dry tons/year)
b. Solids Production
(wet tons/year)
c. Plant Available Nitrogen
(PAN)
(lbs/dry ton)
Solids , dt / year =
Solids , wt / year =
Solids Produced, lbs / MG x Average Daily Flow, MGD x 365 days / year
2,000 pounds / ton
Solids Produced, lbs / MG x Average Daily Flow, MGD x 365 days / year
% ( decimal ) Solids x 2,000 pounds / ton
[ ( Organic - N, mg / kg x f 1 ) + ( Ammonia - N, mg / kg x V 1 ) ] x 0.002
f 1 = Mineralization Rate (assume 0.20)
V 1 = Volatilization Rate
Injected Sludge = 1.0
Incorporated Within 24 hrs = 0.85
Incorporat ed within 7 days = 0.70
d. Application Rate
(nitrogen basis)
e. Metals Loading
lbs/acre
f. Allowable Applications
(Metals Basis)
g. Site Life (metal basis)
22.
Applicatio n Rate, Dry Tons / Acre =
Plant Required Nitrogen, lbs / acre
Plant Available Nitrogen, lbs / dry ton
Loading, lbs / Acre = Concentrat ion, mg / kg x Applicatio n Rate, D. T. / acre x 0.002 mg / kg / dry ton
Maximum Ap plications =
Maximum Al lowable Metals Loading, lbs / acre
Metal Loading / Applicati on, lbs / acre / applicatio n
Site Life =
Allowable Applicati ons
Frequency, applicatio ns / year
Pumping
a. Head to Pressure
Pressure , psi = Head, ft 0.433 psi / ft
b. Pressure to Head
c. Work
d. Power
Head, ft = Pressure , psi 2.31 ft / psi
e. Static Head, ft
f. Total Dynamic Head
g. Horsepower
h. Water Horsepower
Work , ft lbs = Weight , lbs Height , ft
Power , ft lbs / min ute =
Work, ft lbs
Time, min utes
Static Head, ft = Disch arg e Tank Elevation,
ft Supply Tank Elevation, ft
TDH, ft. = Static Head, ft. + Friction Head, ft. + Velocity Head, ft.
TDH = Total Dynamic Head
Horsepower =
Water Horsepower , whp =
Power , ft lbs / min
33,000 ft lbs / min ute / HP
Pump Rate, gpm x Total Head, ft x 8.34 lbs / gal.
33,000 ft lbs / minute / hp
i. Brake Horsepower
Brake Horsepower , bhp =
j. Motor Horsepower
Motor Horsepower , mhp =
Water Horsepower , HP
% Efficiency pump
Brake Horsepower , HP
% Efficiency motor
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k. Centrifugal Pump
Affinity Law
Capacity
Flow2 , cfs =
Head
Pump Speed2
Head1
Head2 =
Pump Speed1
3
Brake Horsepower
23. Electrical Energy
a. Hp to kilowatts (kW)
b. kW to kilowatt hrs
c. Power Cost
24. Sampling
a. Composite Sample
Volume, mL
Pump Speed2
Flow1, cfs
Pump Speed1
Pump Speed2
Bhp1
Bhp2 =
Pump Speed1
Kilowatts = Horsepower x 0.746 Kw / hp
Kilowatt
Hour = Kilowatts Used x Hours Operated
Cost = Kilowatt hours used x Cost / Kilowatt
Sample Volume
Plant FlowT , MGD x Total Sample Required, mL
# Samples To Be Collected x Average Daily Flow, MGD
T = Sample Collection Time
b. Proportioning Factor
(PF)
c. Sample Volume
(Using PF)
25. Alkalinity
a. Conventional
Proportion ing Factor =
Total Sample Required, mL
# of Samples Collected x Average Daily Flow, MGD
Sample Volume
, mL = Flow T x PF
T = Time sample
is collected.
Alkalinity
as CaCO
, mg/L =
A x N x 50,000
Sample Volume,
mL
A = Volume of Standard
Acid Used
N = Normality
of Standard
Acid
b. Low Level
Alkalinity
asCaCO
, mg/L =
( 2B - C ) x N x 50,000
Sample Volume, mL
B = Volume of Standard Acid Used to reach pH 4.3 - 4.5
C = Total volume of Standard Acid for titration
N = Normality of Standard Acid
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26. Hardness
a. EDTA Standardization
EDTA, CaCO 3 Equivalenc e ( B ) =
b. Hardness, mg/L Calcium
Carbonate
Volume of CaCO 3 Solution Titrated, mL
EDTA Titrant Used, mL
Hardness ( EDTA ) as CaCO3 =
A x B x 1,000
Sample Volume, mL
A = EDTA Used in Titration, mL
B = EDTA CaCO3 Equivalenc e, mL / mL
27. Ammonia Nitrogen
NH 3 N, mg / L =
a. Nesslerization
A
B
x
Sample Volume, mL
C
A = Micrograms of N from calibratio n curve
B = Volume of distillate collected
C = Volume of distillate used for nessleriza tion
Sample Volume = Original sample volume placed in distillati on flask
NH 3 N, mg / L =
b. Titration
A = Volume of titrant used for sample
B = Volume of titrant used for blank
Sample Volume = Volume of sample used for titration
28. Biochemical Oxygen Demand
a. Unseeded Samples
b. Seed Correction
Factor
c. Seeded Samples
( A B ) x 280
Sample Volume, mL
BOD5 , mg / L =
( D. O .Start , mg / L D. O .Final , mg / L ) x 300 mL
Sample Volume, mL
Seed Correction , mg / L =
BOD5 , mg / L =
29. Chemical Oxygen Demand
a. FAS Standardization (Open
Reflux)
b. FAS Standardization
(Closed Reflux)
BODseed
x mL Seed in the Sample Dilution
300 mL
[ ( D. O.Start , mg / L D. O . Final , mg / L ) Seed Correction ] x 300 mL
Sample Volume, mL
FAS, Molarity =
Volume of 0.0417M K 2Cr2O 7 , mL x 0.25
FAS Titrant Added, mL
FAS, Molarity =
Volume 0.0167 M K 2Cr2O7 , mL x 0.10
FAS Titrant Added, mL
COD as mg O 2 / L =
c. COD
( A B ) x C x 8000
Sample Volume, mL
A = FAS Used For Blank, mL
B = FAS Used For Sample, mL
C = FAS Molarity
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30.
Total Residual Chlorine
a. Iodometric Direct Titration
b. Iodometric Back Titration
(No Iodine correction)
c. Iodine Correction
d. Iodometric Back Titration
(With Iodine correction)
e. Iodometric Back Titration
Iodate Titrant
31.
TRC, mg/L =
( Titrant, mL Blank, mL ) x Titrant Normality, N x 35,450
Sample, mL
TRC, mg/L =
PAO Added, mL ( 5 x Iodine Used, mL ) x 200
Sample Volume, mL
Iodine Correction Factor =
TRC, mg/L =
Iodine Normality
0.0282 N
actual
PAO Added, mL ( 5 x Iodine Used, mL x CF ) x 200
Sample Volume, mL
TRC, mg / L =
( Iodate Used blank Iodate Used sample ) x 200
Sample Volume, mL
Dissolved Oxygen
a. Winkler Titration
D. O. , mg / L =
Titrant, mL x Normality x 8,000
Equivalent Sample Volume, mL
If N = 0.0250 & Sample Volume = 200 mL
then : Titrant Used = D.O. , mg / L
32. Fecal Coliform
a. Multiple Tube
b. Membrane Filtration
MPN / 100 mL = MPN chart x
Colonies / 100 mL =
Sample Volume In First Dilution chart
Sample Volume in First Dilution sample
Colonies Counted
x 100 mL
Sample Volume , mL
33. Nitrate Nitrogen
a. Brucine Sulfate
b. Cadmium Reduction
34.
NO 3 N, mg / L =
NO 3 N Concentrat ion, micrograms
Sample Volume In Reaction Tube, mL
NO 3 N, mg / L = Nitrate / Nitrite, mg / L Nitrite , mg / L
Nitrite Nitrogen
a. Diazotization
Diluted sample
NO 2 N = C x
V
S
C = NO 2 - N Concentrat ion, mg / L
V = Total volume after dilution, mL
S = Sample volume in dilution, mL
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35. Phosphorus
Phosphorus , mg P / L =
a. Phosphorus
Phosphorus From Standard Curve, mg x 1,000
Sample Volume, mL
36. Total Suspended Solids
Total Suspended Solids, mg / L =
a. TSS, mg/L
( A B ) x 1,000 mg / gram x 1,000 mL / L
Sample Volume, milliliter s
A = Weight of Dried Solids, Filter & planchet or dish in grams
B = Tare Weight ( Dried Filter & planchet or dish ) in grams
37. Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen
TKN N, mg / L =
a. Nesslerization
A
B
x
Sample Volume, mL
C
A = Micrograms of N from calibratio n curve
B = Volume of distillate collected
C = Volume of distillate used for nessleriza tion
Sample Volume = Original sample volume placed in distillati on flask
TKN N, mg / L =
b. Titration
( A B ) x 280
Sample Volume, mL
A = Volume of titrant used for sample
B = Volume of titrant used for blank
Sample Volume = Volume of sample used for titration
38. Total Volatile Suspended Solids
Volatile Solids, mg / L =
a. TVSS, mg/L
( A C ) x 1,000 mg / gram x 1,000 mL / L
Sample Volume, milliliters
A = Weight of Dried Solids & Support
C = Weight of Ash & Support
39. Residual (Sludge) Solids Tests
a. % Solids
b. % Volatile Matter
% Solids =
% Volatile Matter =
% Moisture =
c. % Moisture
Dry Solids , grams
x 100
Residual ( Solids & Water ) , grams
( Dry Solids , grams - Ash , grams )
x 100
Dry Solids , grams
Residual ( Solids & Water ), grams - Dry Solids, grams)
x 100
Residual ( Solids & Water ), grams
or
% Moisture = 100 - % Solids
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40. VPDES Reporting
a. Average Monthly
Concentration
b. Average Weekly
Concentration
c. Average Daily
Concentration
d. Average Hourly
Concentration
e. Daily Quantity
AMC, mg / L =
( Test 1 + Test 2 + Test 3 + ... + Test n )
N ( Tests during month )
AWC, mg / L =
( Test 1 + Test 2 + Test 3 + ... + Test n )
N ( tests during calendar week )
ADC, mg / L =
( Test 1 + Test 2 + Test 3 + ... + Test n )
N ( Tests during day )
AHC, mg / L =
( Test 1 + Test 2 + Test 3 + ... + Test n )
N ( tests during 60 minute period )
DailyQuant ity, KG / Day = Conc. , mg / L x Flow, MGD x 3.785 lbs/MG/mg/L
Conc. = Individual Test Result in mg / L
Flow = Flow on day sample was collected in MGD.
f. Average Monthly
Quantity
g. Average Weekly
*Quantity
h. Geometric Mean
(Xy)
i. Geometric Mean
(log)
41. Nutrient General
Permit Reporting
a. Daily Loading,
lbs/day
b. Average Monthly
Load
c. Monthly Load
d. Annual Load,
Year to Date
e. Annual Load
f. Monthly
Concentration
g. Average Annual
Concentration
Year to Date
h. Average Annual
Concentration
AMQ, KG / day =
AWQ, KG / day =
( DQ 1 + DQ 2 + DQ 3 + ... + DQ n )
N ( Tests during month )
( DQ 1 + DQ 2 + DQ 3 + ... + DQ n )
N ( tests during calendar week )
Geometric Mean = n Test 1 x Test 2 x Test 3 x K x Test n
( log X 1 + log X 2 + log X 3 + K + log X n )
Geometric Mean = Antilog
N, Number of Tests
Daily Loading, lbs / day = Concentration, mg / L Flow , MGD 8.3438
Average Monthly Load =
Daily Loading, lbs / day
Number of Days samples were collected
Monthly Load = Average Monthly Load Number of Days in Month
+ K + Monthly Load
MonthlyLoad
Annual Load, lbs = Monthly Load
+ K + Monthly Load
Daily Concentration
Monthly Concentration =
Annual Load, Year to Date =
January
current month
Dec
Jan
Number of days samples were collected
Annual Concentration, YTD =
Annual Concentration =
Average Conc.
January
+ K + Average Conc.Current Month
Number of Months
Average Conc.
January
+ K + Average Conc.December
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Provided by Virginia Department of Environmental Quality
13
42. Conversion Factor Table
To Change From:
To:
Multiply
by:
Feet (ft)
Inches (in)
12
Yards (yd)
Feet (ft)
Yards (yd)
Inches (in)
36
Miles (mi)
Yards (yd)
1,760
Miles (mi)
Feet (ft)
5,280
Gallons (gal)
7.48
Cubic Feet (ft )
Pounds-Wastewater
(lbs)
62.4
Cubic Feet (ft 3)
Pounds-Air (lbs)
0.075
Gallons (gal)
Pounds (lbs)
8.34
Gallons (gal)
Liters (L)
3.785
Gallons
Kilograms
3.785
Million Gallons/Day
(MGD)
Gallons/Day (gpd)
1,000,000
Million Gallons/Day
(MGD)
Gallons/Minute (gpm)
694
Million Gallons/Day
(MGD)
Cubic Feet/Second
(cfs)
1.55
Million Gallons/Day
(MGD)
Acre-feet/day
3.069
Liters/Second (L/s)
Gallons/Minute (gpm)
15.85
Million Gallons/Day
(MGD)
Liters/second
43.8
Gallons/day
Cubic Meters/Day
0.003785
Acres (Ac)
Square Feet (ft 2)
43,560
Acre Feet (Ac-ft)
Gallons (gal)
325,829
Acre Inches (Ac-in)
Gallons (gal)
27,152
Liters (L)
Milliliters (mL)
1,000
Kilograms (Kg)
Pounds (lbs)
2.2
Meters (m)
Feet (ft)
3.3
Cubic Meters (m 3)
Gallons (gal)
269
Pounds (lbs)
Grams (g)
454
Ton (t)
Pounds (lbs)
2,000
Cubic Feet (ft )
Virginia Department of Environmental Quality
All Rights Reserved
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