Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PROCESS
1
OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
CHARACTERISTICS AND
PRETREATMENT OF WASTEWATER
PRINCIPLES OF BIOLOGICAL
OXIDATION
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INTRODUCTION
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TARGET PENGOLAHAN
Change in target
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ACTIVATED FINAL
EQUALIZATION PRETREATMENT SLUDGE AERATION CLARIFIER
Flow equalization
Solids flux
Load equalization
Effluent suspended
Toxics control solids control
Neutralization (pH
adjustment)
Suspended solids removal
Oil and Grease removal Sludge bulking control
Heavy metals BOD, COD removal
Organic toxics Nutrient requirement
Sludge production
Oxygen requirement
Temperature consideration
Off-gas emission
Nitrification & Denitrification
Toxic removal
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EQUALIZATION
Influent quality must be defined through
load and flow equalization
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PRETREATMENT
Must be designed to able to handle a range wastewater
characteristics that are not compatible with optimal
performance of the activated sludge process
pH control by neutralization
Oil and grease removal
Heavy metal removal
Toxic organic
Suspended solid removal
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The Reasons of Pretreatment
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EFFLUENT QUALITY
atau
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SLUDGE PRODUCTION &
OXYGEN REQUIREMENT
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SLUDGE PRODUCTION &
OXYGEN REQUIREMENT
COD : N : P ratio
Organotroph / heterotroph : 100 : 5 : 1
Process Modification
Plug-flow
Selector
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OTHER CONSIDERATION
pH extreme
Organic toxics
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CHARACTERISTICS AND
PRETREATMENT OF WASTEWATER
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BIODEGRADABILITY &
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Nontoxic aliphatic compounds:
R-COOH Mudah didegradasi
R-COO-R
Dicarboxylic membutuhkan
R-OH aklimatisasi lebih lama daripada
HCOOC-R-COOH single carboxyl
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PRINCIPLES OF
BIOLOGICAL OXIDATION
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Bulking sludge
Disebabkan oleh pertumbuhan
“filamentous organisms “
Microthrix Parvicella
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Bulking sludge
Kapasitas aerator
Ukuran clarifier
Kapasitas pompa return sludge
Short circuting
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Pembentukan filamentous
Rasio F/M
Soluble BOD5
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Beggiatoa
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Rising Sludge
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Nocardia Foam
Foaming berwarna coklat di permukaan aeration pit &
sedimentation pit oleh Nocardia genus.
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Nocardia Foam
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Nocardia Foam
• Lisis-autooksidasi
sel : sel terurai
Oksigen kembali
menghasilkan
soluble microbial
products
Proses Activated Sludge
Parameter Operasi
• Biochemical Oxygen Demand – BOD : jumlah oksigen yang dipakai oleh
mikroba untuk mendegradasi polutan organik terlarut dalam air limbah.
• BOD dapat digunakan sebagai ukuran seberapa banyak polutan organik
terlarut yang bersifat biodegradable ada didalam air limbah.
• Polutan organik terlarut ada yang mudah terdegradasi dan ada yang sulit
terdegradasi. Senyawa organik alami lebih mudah terdegradasi daripada
yang sintetik.
• BOD yang diukur dengan waktu standar inkubasi 5 hari disebut dengan
BOD5
• BOD yang diukur dengan waktu inkubasi yang sangat lama – 30 hari
disebut BOD ultimat = BODu. BODu penting diketahui untuk mengetahui
seberapa banyak senyawa kimia yang bersifat semi biodegradable.
• Satuan BOD : ppm ( part per million) atau mg/L
lanjutan
SEDIMENTATION OIB
WW AERATION PIT PIT
WAS
lanjutan
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