A CORRELATIVE STUDY OF BIOMETHANE EXTRACTION BY

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF CORN LEAVES, MUNICIPAL SOLID

WASTE AND BLACK EYED BEAN

Presented by

ARPUTHARAJ P
SATHISH KUMAR P
SELVA SUBRAMANIAN S
SIRAJUDEEN K

Under the guidance of

Dr. S. Jayanthi, M.E.,Ph.D.,
Principal,
Department Of Civil Engineering,
Government College Of Engineering,
Bodinayakkanur - 625582
 CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• NEED FOR THE PROJECT
• OBJECTIVE
• BIOMETHANE
• METHODOLOGY
• ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
• FACTOR AFFECTING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
• RESULT AND DISCUSION
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE
 INTRODUCTION
 This presentation will answer what, why, how, the
applications, the significance and the need for bio fuels with
experimentally verified results on the feedstock and its
characteristics.
 It also discusses about India’s biofuel project, which will
explain the scope for this study.
 It gives a limpid explanation about the chemical, biological
processes, and the methodical approaches involved which will
give you the perspicacity of the effect on the parameters of
the feedstock on the yield.
 It finally concludes with the results obtained and its discussion
to suggest the qualities that makes an efficient feedstock.
 Need for the project
 Dependency on fossil fuel is not prudent.
 Conventional solution – internal resources (all
renewable resources)
 Bio energy and its edge over oil.
 Further scope.
 National Policy on Biofuels (2018)
 Objective
 Comparative study of corn leaves, municipal
solid waste and black-eyed bean relative to its
yield on gas.
 Characteristics parameters of feedstock and
inoculum.
 To serve as a preliminary report for upgradation
to biodiesel production.
 Biomethane
• Biogas is a gas produced due to decomposition
of organic matter and biomethane is purified
form of biogas with 98% methane content.
• It can be done by water scrubbing or
membrane separation.
• To understand biomethane a good command
over biogas and its composition is prerequisite.
Have a look at the chart on the next slide.
 H2O
H2O2
H2S 1- 5%
N2 00--01%
- 2%
3%
0 - 5%

CO2
35-45% CH4
50 - 70%

Methane Carbon dioxide Nitrogen Hydrogen Sulphide

Hydrogen Oxygen Moisture
PATHWAYS OF METHANE FORMATION

The anaerobic digestion of organic matter is a three

stages microbial process, which ultimately results in
production of methane. The three stages are

I. Hydrolytic
II. Acetogenic
III. Methanogenic stage
STAGE 1
HYDROLYTIC STATE
o In this stage hydrolysis and
fermentation of organic matter
is brought about by different
kinds of anaerobic bacteria
and some facultative
anaerobes.
o The decomposition of organic
matters results in formation of
organic acids, such as volatile
fatty acids succinic acid,
lactic acid, alcohols such as
ethanol and gasses such as
H2, CO2 and NH3.
STAGE 2
ACETOGENIC STATE
o The acetogen use the end products such as lactate,
succinate and volatile fatty acids (VFA), and also the
end products like propionate butyrate etc., as the
growth substrates.
o Acetogen degrade the compounds into simpler
compounds such as acetic acid, H2 and CO2.
STAGE 3
METHANOGENIC STATE
o Acetate, H2 and CO2
produced by the
Acetogenic stage are
used by terminal
group of bacteria of
anaerobic digestion
known as
Methanogenesis.
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE CORN LEAVES

Black-eyed
bean
Physical characteristics of the feedstocks
SI. NO. DESCRIPTION WEIGHT OF % OF % OF
WASTE BIOMASS COWDUNG
CONTENT
MUNCIPAL
1. SOLID WASTE 10 kg 75%
25%

2. CORN LEAVES 10 kg 75%

25%

3. BEB 10 kg 75%
25%
 Experimental set-up
It consist of three tanks one is filled with Black-
eyed bean and another is filled with Municipal solid
waste and corn waste with fruits respectively. The
capacity of the tank is 20lit. The displacement tank
is placed to measure the emission of biogas which
is passed through a cylinder with water to scrub the
carbon dioxide
FEEDSTOCK AND INOCULUM :

• It has three digester tank consisting of legumes (black-

eyed bean), corn leaves and municipal solid waste (yard
waste).

• In municipal solid waste (yard waste), it consists of

fruit waste, vegetable waste, food waste, organic waste
and 0.1% of plastics and finally the plastic is removed.

• The initial seeding of the reactor was done using red

wine. Cow dung is used as the inoculums in the
anaerobic digester.
SUBSTRATE CHARACTERISTICS OF INOCULUM

SI NO DESCRIPTION VALUES

1. VOLITILE SOLIDS 96% to 98%

2. MOISTURE CONTENT 97% to 99%

OF COWDUNG

3. TOTAL 670ppm
SOLIDS
3 to 7%

4. pH 6.7 to 6.9

5.
CHEMICAL OXYGEN 360ppm
DEMAND [ 3 to 7% TS]
 Values in %

COD
7%
TS
6%

Volatile solids
43%

Moisture content
44%

Volatile solids Moisture content

TS COD
FACTOR AFFECTING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

• pH
• Temperature
• Substrate
• Retention time
• Organic loading
• Mixing condition
• Moisture content
• Volatile fatty acid(VFAs)
 RESULT AND DISCUSION
PROPERTIES OF SLUDGE IN CORN LEAVES

PARAMETERS VALUES OR RANGE

pH 6.9
BOD 5 (20⁰c) 480 ppm
Alkalinity 320 ppm
TSS 730 ppm
COD 520 ppm
PROPERTIES OF SLUDGE IN MSW

PARAMETERS VALUES OR RANGE

pH 6.5
BOD 5 (20⁰c) 440 ppm
Alkalinity 310 ppm
TSS 712 ppm
COD 505 ppm
PROPERTIES OF SLUDGE IN BEB
PARAMETERS VALUES OR RANGE
pH 6.5
BOD 5 (20⁰c) 432 ppm
Alkalinity 304 ppm
TSS 702 ppm
COD 510 ppm
 Sludge properties of corn leaves in ppm
COD 520

TSS 730

Alkalinity 320

BOD 5 (20⁰c) 480

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Sludge properties of MSW in ppm

COD 505

TSS 712

Alkalinity 310

BOD 5 (20⁰c) 440

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Sludge properties of BEB in ppm

COD 510

TSS 702

Alkalinity 304

BOD 5 (20⁰c) 304

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
SI.NO FACTORS BEB MSW CORN LEAVES
ANALYSED

1.
TS mg/litres 44800 62600 60520
(4.5%) (6.15%) (6.05%)

2. 230 – 540
COD Ppm 270 – 520 270 – 600
Influent mg/l 46548 69856 77580
Effluent mg/l 12930 7552 44824

3. BOD ppm 250 – 480 250 - 400 300 -460

4. pH 6.5 - 6.9 6.79 - 6.9 6.5 – 6.9

5. % of Methane 12 – 15 67 - 69 74 – 76
content
6. Environmental Sunny days operated Sunny days operated Sunny days operated
factor between 27⁰c to between 27⁰c to between 27⁰c to
34⁰c 34⁰c 34⁰c
 Biogas yield of BEB in ml over six weeks
600
Water table reading

500
168

143

400 120
101

300

18
0
200 373
348
325
306

223
205
100

0
1 2 3 4 5 6
Weeks
 Biogas yield of MSW in ml over six weeks

600
Water table reading

500
178

145

400 118
106
95

300

0
200 378
345
306 318
295

200
100

0
1 2 3 4 5 6

Weeks
 Biogas yield of corn leaves in ml over six weeks

600

500 190
174
Water table reading

150

400 122
98

300

0 393
200 377
353
325
301

203
100

0
1 2 3 4 5 6

WEEKS
 CONCLUSION
 Volatile solids contributes to the yield of gas positively.

 Inoculum at 1: 4 ratio with the feedstock is recommended.

 Initial feeding using red wine has contributed to

acceleration of microbial actions.

 COD/BOD decreases as on the production of gas.

 Corn leaves has high yield to its substantial starch content

and black eyed bean has low yield as it is a lignocellulosic
biomass.
THANK YOU