Life Cycle Cost

Analysis of Emerging
Technologies
in
Sewerage Treatment
Plants
SAMEERA SIMHA T.P
SPA/BEM/598
INTRODUTION
 Current demand for water in developing countries is mainly
from agriculture.
 India accounts for 2.45% of land area and 4% of water
resources of the world but represents 16% of the world
population.
 Total wastewater generation from Class I cities (498) and
Class II (410) towns in the country is around 35,558 and 2,696
MLD respectively
 Installed sewage treatment capacity is just 11,553 and 233
MLD, for Class I & II respectively thereby leading to a gap of
26,468 MLD
 Water & Waste Water Treatment market in India expected to
reach around INR 22,000 Crs by FY 2018
 Around 25 to 30 organised companies operating across India
offering wide range of products & solutions.
Probable Water Demand in the World.

Source: Ernst & Young Report 2012

 Literature Review
PUBLISHED WORK

 Recommendations and Guidelines for Sewage Treatment in Class I

Towns
 Status Of Sewerage And Sewage Treatment Plants In Delhi By CPCB
2004
 Standard Practice for Measuring Life-Cycle Costs of Buildings and
Building Systems
 IS 13174 (Part 1): 1992 Indian Standard Life Cycle Costing
 IS 13174 (Part 2): 1994 Indian Standard Life Cycle Costing
 Guidelines for Life Cycle Cost Analysis Stanford University Land and
Buildings October 2005
 Manual On Sewerage And Sewage Treatment Part A: Engineering
 The STP Guide – Design, Operation and Maintenance, First Edition
KSPCB
 Recent Trends in Technologies in Sewerage System Ministry of Urban
Development Government Of India
 Technical Instructions On Sewage Treatment Plant Works Directorate
Engineer-In-Chief Branch Military Engineer Services
 Water Sector In India Emerging Investment Opportunities September
2011 Ernst & Young.
Books , Journal & Conference Proceedings

 Wastewater Production, Treatment and Use in India

 Authors : R Kaur1 SP Wani, AK Singh and K Lal
Journal : Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India
 Performance Evaluation Of Sewage Treatment Plant Based On Advanced
Aerobic Biological Filtration And Oxygenated Reactor (BIOFOR) Technology-
A Case Study Of Capital City -Delhi, India
Authors: Charu Sharma , S.K Singh
Journal: International Journal of Engineering Science and Innovative
Technology (IJESIT)
 UASB Technology for Sewage Treatment in India: Experience, Economic
Evaluation And Its Potential In Other Developing Countries
 Authors: Nadeem Khalil, Rajiv Sinha, A K Raghav, A K Mittal
Journal: Twelfth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC12 2008,
Alexandria, Egypt
 Innovative Technologies for Urban Waste Water Treatment
 Authors: Mukesh Grover
 Fundamentals of Biological Wastewater Treatment.
 Authors: Udo Wiesmann, In Su Choi, Eva-Maria Dombrowski
 Publisher: WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.
 Sewage Treatment and Air Pollution Engineering
Authors: S.K.Garg
Publisher: Khanna Publishers New Delhi
 Waste Water Engineering
Authors: Dr B.C. Punmia , Arun Kumar Jain, Ashok Kumar Jain
 Publisher: Khanna Publishers New Delhi

Unpublished Works .

 Energy and Cost implication of water recycling in Buildings

 Authours : Sanskriti Tiwary ,Seminar Report 2013 Building Engineering and
Management ,School of Planning and Architecture New Delhi .

 Energy Efficiency and Performance Based Selection of Treatment Systems for

Reuse of Grey Water .
 Authours : Yogendra Pal Singh Yadav ,Thesis 2014 Building Engineering and
Management ,School of Planning and Architecture New Delhi
 Sewage Treatment Process
TREATMENT
TERTIARY
 Prelimanary Treatment

Expected effluent quality

No Floating Materials and Disposal of screening and
after Prelimanary
Polythene Bags Grit
treatment

Primary &Secondary Treatment

Expected effluent
quality after primary and BOD < 30 mg/L SS < 20 mg/L Nitrified effluent
secondary treatment:

Tertiary treatment

Expected effluent MPN of fecal

BOD < 10 SS < 5 Phosphate <
quality after tertiary coliforms < 10/
mg/L mg/L 0.5 mg/L
treatment: 100 mL
Effluent Standards of MoEF , GOI
Inland Public Land Marine
Parameter sewer for
Surface Irrigatio coastal
water n area
1 SS 100 600 200 100
2 TDS 2100 2100 2100
3 pH 5.5 to 9.0
4 Temperature, °C (A)* (A)*
5 Oil & Grease 10 20 10 20
6 Total Residual chlorine 1 1
7 Ammonia. Nitrogen as 50 50 50
N
8 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 100 100
as N
9 Free Ammonia 5 5
10 BOD 30 350 100 100
11 COD 250 250
12 Dissolved phosphorous 5
as P
13 Nitrate Nitrogen as N 10 20
 Contd ….

NRCD Guideline for Faecal Coliform

Discharge onto land Discharge onto
water
Max Max
Desirable permissible Desirable permissibl
e
Faecal Coliform 1000 10000 1000 10000
Effluent Standards of CPCB Standards for
Disposal & Reuse of Treated Water

Disposal to Reuse of Treated

Water Bodies water
Ph 5.5-9 6.5-8.5
TSS <50 mg/l <10 mg/lit
BOD <30 mg/l <10 mg/lit
COD <250 mg/l <150 mg/lit
Residual Chlorine <1.0 mg/l <1 mg/lit
Coliform <10³ counts/100 <100 counts/100 ml
ml (desired nil)
EVOLUTION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS.

1860 – Septic Tank

1868 – Trickling Sand Filter

1914 - ASP

BIOFOR (TM )
TECHNOLOGIES IN SEWAGE TREATMENT.
 Activated Sludge Process (ASP)
 Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR)
 Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR)
 Rotating Biological Contractors(RBCs)
 Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR)
 Biological Filtration and Oxygenated Reactor (BIOFOR)
 Submerged Aeration Fixed Film Technology (SAFF)
 Fixed Bed Biofilm Activated Sludge Process (FBAS)
 9 Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor (UASBR)
 Waste Stabilisation Pond
 Constructed Wetlands
Emerging Technologies
 Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)
 Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR)
 Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR)
 BIOFOR Technology
 Submerged Aeration Fixed Film (SAFF) Technology

 Fixed Bed Biofilm Activated Sludge Process (FBAS)

 Waste Stabilization Ponds

Source : Ministry of Urban Development & CPHEEO.

Comparison of Sewage Treatment Technologies