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GIO TRNH
A CH A NG C IN
HNG NG B
(TI LIU LU HNH NI B)
TUYN B BN QUYN
-Ti liu ny thuc loi sch gio trnh, cho nn cc ngun thng tin c
th c php dng nguyn bn hoc trch dng cho cc mc ch v o to v
tham kho.
- Mi mc ch khc c lch lc hoc s dng vi mc ch kinh
doanh thiu lnh mnh s b nghim cm.
a ch lin h :
Trng Cao ng ngh C in H Ni 160 Mai Dch
Cu Giy H Ni.
LI NI U
Hin nay trn t nc ta ang h tr v m rng dy ngh v o to
ngh cho cc khu vc nng thn, vic p dng cc tin b khoa hc k thut vo
qu trnh sn xut ang c nh nc v cc ban nghnh ch trng thc hin.
ngi hc c c kin thc k nng v qun l v sa cha bm in lnh
vc t ng ho trong sn xut nng nghip v cng nghip th vic tip cn l
thuyt c bn, k nng thc hnh i vi ngi hc l iu cn thit.
Chnh v vy Gio trnh
c vit vi mc ch phc v cho o to k thut vin ngh sa cha bm
in, cng nh lm ti liu cho sinh vin chuyn ngnh tham kho.
rn c s chng trnh khung c a ng ghip v
, nhm tc
gi t chc bin son chng trnh ny mt cch khoa hc, h thng v cp
nht nhng kin thc thc ti n vi i tng hc sinh. io trnh c vit g m
cc bi:
1:
.
2: V
dy q
3: T o lp
4: dy v
5: S
tp
6: S
ba pha.
Ti liu ny c thit k theo tng m un thuc h thng m un c a
mt chng trnh, o to hon chnh.
c dng lm gio trnh cho ngi hc cc kha o to ngn hn
hoc cho cc cng nhn k thut, cc nh qun l v ngi s dng nhn lc
tham kho.
io trnh c vit n gin, d hiu ph hp vi i tng o to.
rong qu trnh vit gio trnh, mc d c nhiu c gng nhng trnh khi
nhng thiu st. Chng ti rt mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp c a bn
c gio trnh ti bn ln sau tt hn.
Mi kin xin gi v Khoa in trng Cao ng ngh C in H ni,
s 160 Mai dch, Cu iy, H i.
Xin chn thnh cm n.
CC TC GI
Mc Lc
MC
TRANG
,v
tr
.............................................................................. 7
M UN: S A CH
1:
1.1.
I N
N N
....................... 8
............................................................................ 8
............................................... 8
1.2. to
p ....................................................... 8
1.2.1. Cu to..................................................................................................... 8
1.3. N
y l l
. ............................ 9
1.4. M y
p . ................................................... 11
1.4.1. Qu trnh m my ng c in khng ng b: ................................. 11
1.4.2. Cc phng php m my .................................................................... 11
1.4.2.2. M my gin tip ng c rotor l ng sc: .................................... 12
1.5.
t p ................................................................ 14
1.5.1. i cng ............................................................................................. 14
1.5.2.Nguyn l lm vic ................................................................................ 14
1.5.3. Phng php m my v cc loi ng c in mt pha ..................... 16
1.5.3.1. Cc phng php m my: ............................................................ 16
1.5.3.2. hn loi: ....................................................................................... 17
1.5.3.3. S dng ng c in 3 pha vo li in 1 pha: ......................... 17
1.6.S
dy q
. .................................................... 18
1.6.1. S dy qun ng c khng ng b ba pha. .................................. 18
1.6.2. S dy qun ng c khng ng b mt pha. ................................ 20
B
1.
2: V
dy q
..................................................................... 21
v dy q . ...................................................................... 21
1.1. Nhim v. ................................................................................................. 21
1.2. Cc yu cu k thut. .............................................................................. 21
1.3. Phn loi dy qun .................................................................................. 21
2. N
v
dy q ............................................................... 21
2.1. Bi dy. .................................................................................................... 21
............................................................................. 40
t t o
.................................................................................... 40
ng c ........................................................................................... 43
tr t q t t tr
;........................................................ 43
3.1. Xem xt v my ....................................................................................... 43
3.2. Kim tra rto ............................................................................................ 43
3.3. Kim tra vng bi (bc ) ........................................................................ 44
3.4. Kim tra stato ........................................................................................... 44
4. Lp
5. tr
.................................................................................................... 45
o tt. ........................................................................................... 45
4: dy v
1.
. ............................................................ 46
tr
y. .......................................................... 46
2.
tr dy r tr
p . ....................................................... 48
2.1. Quy c k hiu u Cui. ................................................................. 48
2.2. Quy cch b tr cc mi dy ra trn hp ni. ........................................... 51
3. dy v
............................................................................ 52
3.1. Kim tra ng c trc khi vn hnh ...................................................... 52
3.2. Vn hnh ng c .................................................................................... 53
4.
tr d
t . ....................................................................... 54
5: S
tp
1. Q dy
tp
(My
m n ,
........................................... 55
y
) ........................... 55
1.1. T o v v
.............................................................................. 55
1.2. S tri b dy qun.............................................................................. 55
1.3. Thu thp cc s liu cn thit. .................................................................. 55
1.4. Thi cng qun dy. ................................................................................... 56
1.4.1 Lt cch in rnh stato ng c....................................................... 56
1.4.2. Qun (hay nh) cc bi dy cho mt pha dy qun. ...................... 59
1.4.3. L ng dy vo rnh stato. ................................................................... 61
1.4.4. Lt cch in u ni, hn dy ra v ai gi u ni ...................... 66
1.5. Th nghim. ............................................................................................. 69
2. Cc pan h
p p
6: S
1. T o v v
2.
p .................................................... 69
p ............................................. 72
................................................................................. 72
o t v v l
dy q . ................................................................. 73
2.1. Xc nh cc s liu ban u .................................................................... 73
2.2. Tnh ton s liu ..................................................................................... 73
3. Thi
q dy. ......................................................................................... 78
3.1. Lt cch in rnh stato ng c. ............................................................ 78
3.2. Qun (hay nh) cc bi dy cho mt pha dy qun. ............................. 81
3.3. Lng dy vo rnh stato. ......................................................................... 83
3.4. Lt cch in u ni, hn dy ra v ai gi u ni .............................. 89
4. Lp rp v v
5. Cc pan h
t
v
................................................................................ 92
p p p .................................................... 93
M UN
A CH A NG C IN
HNG NG B
Bi 1: ng c khng ng b
hi nim chung v ng c khng ng b.
My in khng ng b l my in xoay chiu, lm vic theo nguyn l
cm ng in t, c tc quay rotor n (tc quay ca my) khc vi tc
quay ca t trng n1 .
My in khng ng b c hai dy qun stator (s cp) ni vi li in
tn s f = const, dy qun rotor (th cp) c ni tt li hoc khp kn qua in
tr. Dng in trong dy qun rto c sinh ra nh sc in ng cm ng c
tn s f2 ph thuc vo tc rto ngha l ph thuc vo ti trn trc ca my.
My in khng ng b c tnh thun nghch, ngha l lm vic 2 ch
ng c v my pht.
1.1.
Nh vy th: n = n1 s = 0; n = 0 s = 1
n > n1 s < 0; n < 0 s > 1 (rotor quay ngc chiu t trng quay)
. Tr
p rotor q y t v t tr q y
< 1 (0 < s < 1
Hnh 1.3 Ch ng c in ca
my in khng ng b
c. Tr
p rotor q
y ( <0
y <1)
s
+
1
n
V my lm vic cc tc n khc n1 c a t trng quay nn ta gi l my
in khng ng b.
d
dt
Trong :
M, Mc, Mj: moment in t ca ng c, moment cn, moment
qun tnh.
J
G.D2
49
M Mc
U1pha
R1 R2 2 xn2
d
0
dt
( 4 7)Im
a. hng php h in p m
my: Ch p dng vi cc thit b yu
cu moment m my nh.
Dng in m my ln, ch dng cho
cc my c cng sut nh. Nu my c
cng sut ln th dng trong li in
c cng sut ln. Phng php ny m
my nhanh, n gin.
L1
L2
L3
N
PE
F1
K1
2
F2
3~
1.4.2.2. M y t p
rotor l
b. Dng cun khng bo h a trong
mch stator
Khi m my ng D1, D2 m:
M my xong ng D2
- Lc m my trc tip:
D1
Um
U
m
Zn
2 x2
Rn
n
2 r/
m1lmm
2
Mmm
1
Imm
D2
- Lc m my c cun khng
(in khng xk):
Immk
Um
2 x x 2
Rn
n
k
2
m1l
r/
mmk
2
Mmmk
1
T , ta c:
I mmk
I mm
Rn2 xn2
Rn2 xn xk
k 1
2 x2
Mmmk
Rn
n
k2
2
2
Mmm
Rn xn xk
Theo phng php ny Imm gim k ln th Mmm gim k2 ln. Phng php ch
c dng trong cc trng hp m vn tr s Mmm khng c ngha quan
trng.
c. Dng bin p t ngu h U m my
Khi m my ng D1 v D3, khi n = nm ng D2, ngt D3.
Gi:
- U1, I1: l in p v dng in ca li.
/ , I/ : in p trn cc ng c v dng in stator ng c.
- Umm
mm
- KT: l t s bin p (KT < 1)
- Zn: l tng tr mt pha.
/
Umm
K T .U1
U/
U
/
Imm
mm 1 k T
Zn
Zn
/
I1 I mm
kT
U/
U1 2
kT kT2 I mm
Zn
v k T mm
U1 I/
mm
/
Umm
U1k T ,
l
/
/
Imm
1 ; Mmm
k 2 Mmm
T
kT
D1
D2
D3
B2
p(n1 n) pn1(n1 n)
sf1
60
60n1
th tn s y l:
(2 s)f1
60
60
n1
Uc U
I
CLV 4800 f F
U
Nu ng in pha nh mc ca
- S hnh 1.11 b
+ in p ngun bng in p pha ca ng c U = Uf
+ in dung lm vic ca t in
I
CLV 1600 f F
U
+ in p lm vic ca t in:
Cch u dy theo s hnh 1.11b c u im hn s hnh 1.11a:
Mmen m my ln hn, li dng cng sut kh, in dung ca t nh hn,
nhng in p trn t ln hn.
b. Khi in p ngu n in 1 pha bng in p dy c a ng c 3 pha.
C th u dy theo s sau:
L1
L1
V1
C1
V1
N
V2
W2
U2
V2
C1
W2
U2
U1
W1
U1
M
b)
W1
M
a)
b)
b)
a
Hnh 1.11- ng
c
in
mt
pha
kiu
in
dung
)
- S hnh 1.11a
+ U = Ud
- S hnh 1.11b
+U = Ud
I
CLV 2800 f F
U
If
+ CLV 2740 U F
+ Uc
+ Uc
1,15U
.S
2.
tr
dy q St to
, dy q
lp (Xp p):
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 18
13
4
A
B
U1~
Y
C
Bi 2 V s dy qun ng c
1.
1.1. N
v.
Cm ng ra sc in ng cn thit cho my lm vic. ng thi tham gia
vo qu trnh bin i trong my.
y t t.
- To ra khe h mt t trng phn b hnh sin (i vi dy qun phn
cm) v m bo c mt sc in ng v mt dng in tng ng vi cng
sut in t ca my (i vi dy qun phn ng)
- Sc bn ca cc pha phi bng nhau v tr s v lch pha nhau 1 gc
nht nh (ba pha gc lch gc 2/3, hai pha gc lch /2)
- Tr v khng cc pha phi bng nhau.
- Bn v c, v nhit, v in.
- Tit kim c kim li mu, nht l phn u ni ca dy qun.
- Ch to, lp rp, sa cha v bo dng c d dng.
1.2.
1.3. Ph lo dy q
Theo chc nng:
+ dy qun lm vic
+ dy qun m my
+ Dy qun cn
Theo s rnh ca 1 pha di 1 cc q: nguyn v phn s.
Theo s pha: 3 pha, 2 pha, 1 pha.
Theo cch thc hin dy qun:
+ 1 lp: dy qun ng khun, dy qun ng tm, v dy qun zizac
+ 2 lp: dy qun xp v dy qun sng..
2. Nhng c s v s dy qun
2.1. dy.
Mi dy trn s tri (hnh 2.1) c to bi hai cnh nm trong hai
rnh cch nhau mt bc qun dy y; Phn ca bi dy nm trong cc rnh c
gi l cc Cnh tc dng, phn cn li ca bi dy-ni lin hai cnh tc dng
c gi l phn u ni. Dy qun mt lp th c hai cnh ca bi dy v phn
u ni c biu din bng nt lin; Vi cun dy qun hai lp th cnh tc
dng v phn u ni nm lp trn cng c biu din bng nt lin, cnh tc
dng th hai ca bi dy s nm lp di ca rnh khc nn che khut Ta
biu din bng ng nt t. Phn u ni b cc bi dy khc che khut cng
c biu din bng nt t.
Hnh 2.1. Bi dy v t bi dy
2.2. t d .
Cc phn dy c t trong cc rnh ca li thp v qut t trng ca
cc cc t khe h gi l cc cnh tc dng.
2.3.
dy.
Hinh2.3. u khc tn
Qua hai v d trn ta thy rng: Cng vi hai bi dy nhng vi hai cch ni
cng tn v khc tn ta s c s cc khc nhau. Quy lut v mi quan h gia
s bi dy v s cc cc cch ni s c s dng rt nhiu trong qu trnh
thc hnh v s tri, u ni cc b dy qun Stato sau ny.
Ngoi cch u ni tip, cc Bi dy, T bi dy cn c thc hin cch ni
song song; Trong trng hp ny, ty theo cch ni song song cc bi dy m ta
c quan h gia s cc v s bi dy khc nhau:
Khi ni song song cc u cng tn:
cc = 2 x bi dy
dy
tp
B dy qun ca ng c in xoay chiu ba pha c chia thnh ba cun
dy t lch nhau 1200 in
- Mi b cun dy c gi l mt pha
t lp.
Trong : z l s rnh
2p l s cc
- c tnh q: (c tnh dy qun)
L s cnh tc dng c b tr di mt cc t ca mt pha dy qun.
z
1200
- Tnh q:
Tnh
- Vy
2
36
9
2p 2
z
36
3
2. p.m 4.3
p.3600 2.3600
200
0
0Z
36
120 120
yp
200
Hnh 2.6. S ng tm 1 lp bc
V d 2 Lp s tri b dy my in xoay chiu 3 pha theo kiu ng khun
mt lp bc vi cc s liu:
Z = 36 rnh, 2p = 4, m =3, a = 1
Gii:
* Tnh ton cc thng s:
ytb
2
36
9
2p 2
Tnh v y = nn
Tnh q:
Tnh
Vy
z
36
3
2. p.m 4.3
p.3600 2.3600
200
Z
36
0
120 1200
yp
200
Tnh q:
Tnh
2
36
9
2p 2
z
36
3
2. p.m 4.3
p.3600 2.3600
200
Z
36
Vy
yp
1200
1200
6
200
lp.
* Dy q 2 lp xp
+ Kiu qun hai cnh tc dng trong mt rnh c q l s nguyn
L kiu qun trong mt rnh cha hai cnh tc dng (hai cnh ca hai bi
dy) ca hai bi dy thuc cng mt pha ton t q nu y = v c mt s cnh
cha hai cnh tc dng ca hai bi dy khc nhau nu y < hoc y > trong
ton b s rnh ca my in (kiu qun hai lp).
c p dng c trong kiu qun ng tm, ng khun v sng kp nhng
my in hoc ng c in yu cu Mmen khe v n nh.
Kiu qun hai cnh tc dng trong mt rnh q l s nguyn.
* Tnh ton cc thng s:
Phn tnh ton cc thng s c bn nh phn b dy mt lp ch khc l
s t bi dy s tng ln gp i v s bi dy ca b dy bng s rnh song s
vng dy trong mt bi t hn kiu mt lp.
* V d 1: Lp s tri b dy my in xoay chiu theo kiu ng
khun hai lp bc vi cc s liu:
Z = 36, 2p = 4, m = 3, a = 1
+ Tnh ton cc thng s:
Z 36
9
2p 4
Z
36
q
3
2 pm 4.3
Tnh yp
Nn
p3600 2.360
200
Z
36
1200 120
yp
20
Z 36
9
2p 4
p3600 2.360
200
Z
36
1200
120
6
20
Z
36
q
3
2 pm 4.3
yp
1 : nh ton cc thng s :
Bc cc : =
Z
2P
Z
( cng c bc ngn , bc hoc bc di )
2P
Zlv
c tnh dy qun : qlv =
( m = 1 v mt pha )
2 P.m
Zkd
qk =
2P
o
P.360 o
90
Bc pha : yp =
( trong =
)
Z
Bc qun : y =
90 0
90
360
p
Z
p. hh p
360
Z
6
2p
4
a-
Bc cc:
b-
S phn t di mt cc: q
Z
24
6
2 p.m 4.1
Bc qun dy: yc y p 6(1 7)
Z
24
6
2p
4
b. hc hin v s :
V s kiu ng khun n gin (kiu hoa sen hay dc lng tm):
c 1: K 24 on thng song song cch u nhau v nh s t 1 24 (hnh
2.10).
c 2: Chia 24 rnh lm bn bc cc , ni bc chim 6 rnh (hnh 2.10).
c 3: Trong vng mi cc t , cun dy chnh chim 4 rnh, tip theo cun
dy ph chim 2 rnh: ta thc hin ln lt theo quy tc: q c - qp qc - qp qc qp qc - qp qc - qp (hnh 2.10).
Z
2p
qB
qA
10
qB
qA
qB
qA
20
qB
qA
10
20
10
20
2
2
Z nn Zlv = .24 = 16 rnh , v Zk = 24 16 = 8 rnh
3
3
Gii
Bc 1. Tnh ton : Tnh bc cc : =
z
24
=
=6
2P
4
c tnh dy qun :
Zlv
16
=
=4
2P
4
Zkd
8
qk =
= =2
4
2P
qlv =
Bc pha yp :
P.360
2.360
=
= 30o
Z
24
o
o
90
90
yp =
= o = 3 ( khong )
30
10
20
20
23
10
20
2
Z , lv = 0,66, k = 0,88. Qun ng tm mt lp ( bc ngn )
3
Gii
* Tnh ton cc thng s :
2
2
Z nn Zlv = .18 = 12 rnh v Zk = 6 rnh
3
3
Z
18
=
=
=9
2P
2
v Zlv =
qlv =
Bi th 3:
{3 (y + 1 + 1 + 1) = (y + 3)}
..
Bi th n:
{n (y+ n)}
T th 2:
Bi th 1:
{(1 + ) (1 + + y)}
Bi th 2:
{(1 + ) + 1 {(1 + + y) + 1}}
Bi th 3:
{(1 + ) + 1 + 1 = ((1 + ) + 2) {(1 + + y) + 2}}
..
Bi th n:
{(1 + ) + (n 1) {(1 + + y) + (n 1)}}
T th 3:
Bi th 1:
{(1 + + ) = (1 + 2) (1 + 2 + y)}
Bi th 2:
{(1 + 2) + 1 {(1 + 2 + y) +1}}
Bi th 3:
{(1 + 2) + 2 {(1 + 2 + y) +2}}
..
Bi th n:
{(1 + 2) + (n 1) {(1 + 2 + y) + (n - 1)}}
T th n, bi th n: {1 + (n 1) + (n 1) {1 + (n 1) + y + (n - 1)}}
Cun dy ph:
u cun ph tnh theo rnh gia tm ca t bi dy u tin cun dy chnh
vi tm ca t bi dy u tin cun dy ph (Z/4p). Cch t cc bi dy cng
tng t cun dy chnh.
Ch , y ch s c du phy trn biu th cnh ca bi dy nm
lp di rnh, cn ch s khng c du phy trn biu th cnh ca bi dy
nm lp trn ca rnh.
V d: V s b dy qun hai lp ca ng c in xoay chiu khng
ng b mt pha, dng t in m my, c Z = 24, 2p = 2, bi dy bc ngn
vi h s bc ngn = 9/12.
Gii:
i. Tnh ton cc thng s:
a. Bc cc:
Z
24
12
2p
2
Zc
16
8 (rnh)
2 p.m 2.1
9
.12 9 (rnh)
12
Zp
2 p.m
8
4 (rnh)
2.1
Z1
24
6 (rnh)
4 p 4.1
ii. V s :
Thc hin cc bc 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 v 6 tng t nh cc bc v s dy
qun mt lp, nhng y, ch l mi rnh c hai cnh tc dng.
Ch , bc 4 ta nh du chiu mi tn i vi nhng cnh bi dy nm
lp trn, cn nhng cnh bi dy nm lp di sau khi v xong cc bi
dy, v vi nhng b dy qun hai lp bc ngn th c th s c mt s rnh c
hai cnh bi dy lp trn v lp di khng cng chiu dng in.
S t bi dy ca cun dy chnh v cun dy ph l n = 2p = 2 t.
S bi dy ca cun dy chnh trong mt t l 8 bi (bng qc).
S bi dy ca cun dy ph trong mt t l 4 bi (bng qp).
Ta lp c bng nh sau:
Cun dy chnh:
T th nht:
Bi th 1: (1 y + 1 = 10')
Bi th 2: (2 y + 2 = 11')
Bi th 3: (3 12')
Bi th 4: (4 13')
Bi th 5: (5 14')
Bi th 6: (6 15')
Bi th 7: (7 16')
Bi th 8: (8 17')
T th hai:
Bi th 1: (1 + = 13 1 + + y = 22')
Bi th 2: (1 + + 1 = 14 1 + + y + 1 = 23')
Bi th 3: (1 + + 2 = 15 1 + + y + 2 = 24')
Bi th 4: (16 1')
Bi th 5: (17 2')
Bi th 6: (18 3')
Bi th 7: (19 4')
Bi th 8: (20 5')
Cun dy ph:
Cn c vo gc lc xc nh rnh khi u ca cun dy ph. Ta nhn
thy, tm ca t bi dy th nht ca cun dy chnh nm rnh s 9 v theo
cch t cc bi dy th tm ca t bi dy th nht ca cun dy ph s l rnh
th 15 (6 rnh). Tc l, rnh khi u ca cun dy ph s l rnh s 9 (hnh
2.14)
9 10
9 20
17
21
Bi 3 Tho lp ng c in.
1. Trnh t tho ng c
5: Tho np che cnh qut gi ngoi (b phn che cnh qut), cnh qut
ra khi trc ng c. Sau tho cnh qut, nu l then gi gia cnh qut v
trc ng c th s dng vam tho hoc s dng hai bulng ph hp sit vo
ren to sn y cnh qut ra, trng hp ch bt vt ta s dng tucnvit
tho.
6: Tho np m (b phn che bi ngoi vi loi v ng bi cu) ca mt
trc ng c.
Ch : nh du v tr bulng np m trc, sau, trong, ngoi trnh trng hp
sai lch v tr c a np m trc, sau, trong v ngoi.
7: Tho bulng ca np trc, np sau ca ng c.
Dng tucnvt hoc cl, mlt ph hp vi vt hoc bulng, cu tho np
trc, np sau. Khi tho phi ni u, i xng cc bulng, cu. Sau dng
ba cao su hoc ming g, tng (ng, nhm) vi ba ngui hoc dng ba
ngui vi c mng c vo khe h lp ghp gia np v thn, lm np sau
ca ng c bung ra khi thn v trc ng c. nh ba va phi, u u, t
t v cy dn bn gc ti cc v tr i xng v vo cc g ca np, thn.
Trnh lm lch mo, nt, v np.
Ch : nh du v tr np trc, np sau trnh trng hp sau khi lp
lm sai lch, nhm ln v tr c a hai np my.
8: Rt Rto v np sau ra khi Stato.
Lt giy cch in hoc ba ln phn u ca b by. Dng Palng, cu
trca Rto v np sau ra khi Stato. Trnh lm xy st (hng cch in) b
dy qun.
3.1. Xe xt v y
V my thng c cc b phn lp ghp d h hng nh v l bt Bu lng,
chn ren, cong vnh cnh qut, quay st c kh, bin dng ai khp ni... Nhn
chung cc chi tit d nh ca thn my c h hng hoc bin dng u phi
c sa cha hoc thay th kp thi, trng hp phi hn p, ch cng ngh
hn thch hp, khng gy cong vnh hoc bin dng do nhit
3.2. tr r to
- Quan st b mt li thp rto, nu thy b st, khng nhn th phi sa.
- Trc v thn rto khng c lp lng, trc phi thng, v tr lp rp phi
nhn.
- Vi rto dy qun cn ch : u dy qun c b xc sat khng, nu bi
bn do du m phi ra sch bng xng khng pha ch v sy kh, kim tra s
chc chn ca ai hm u dy qun.
- i vi rto kiu lng sc, kim tra cc thanh dn trong rnh b lng, t,
nt khng. B mt li thp phi sch nhn.
- Cnh qut trn thn trc phi chc chn, khng b bin dng hoc gy v,
ton b phi c ra sch bi bn hoc du m.
- Kim tra vnh trt, vnh gp : B mt vnh trt phi nhn sch, khng b
vt lm, vnh gp phi trn u, khng b xm chy do nhit, cc l gp phi
cch in vi nhau v cch in vi v. Quan st cc l gp phi sch, khng c
bi than, khng c vt dn in bc cu, dng dao ca chuyn dng, ca rnh v
dng giy rp nh sch u. C gp vnh trt phi c c nh cht ch trn
trc, khng c hin tng nt v phn thn cch in.
tr v
( )
Kim tra vng bi, bc: vng bi sau khi ra sch phi quay trn, khng bi
d, khng c vin bi v, nu phi thay bi th dng vam tho ra khi trc v chn
vng bi mi ng chng loi v p vo trc. Vic tra m vo bi phi ch
iu kin lm vic v tc quay ca my chn loi m ph hp, c cc loi
sau khi s dng cn bit c:
+ M tc cao: c mu nu sm hoc en, m gc Natri, b mt m
nhm, chu c nhit cao nhng s nc, d b phn ha. Dng thch hpcj
cho cc bi vn hnh vi tc cao, mang ti ln, khng b ngm nc (dng
cho ng c c tc t 1500 vng/pht tr ln).
+ M tc thp: l loi m gc Canxi, mu vng khng s nc,
dng cho cc bi chu ti nh, tc thp (dng cho my c tc t 1500
vng/pht tr xung).
+ M hn hp: Cn gi l m gc hn hp Natri v Canxi, do hai loi
m nu trn pha ch vi nhau hp thnh, n c mu vng hoc nu sm ty theo
t l pha trn, loi m ny dng thch hp cho my vn hnh cao tc, chu ti
ln, c th chng thm nc mc nht nh.
Vi my chy bc, khi kim tra bc cn ch : Bc v trc quay trn, hu
nh khng c d, b mt tip xc bc v trc nhn v c du bi trn, khi
thay bc mi phi r bc bng bt r v du, khi p bc v gi ch khng
b lch gy bin dng
3.3.
3.4. tr t to
Trn stato c li thp t, dy qun, v v thn my.
Cng vic kim tra sa cha c tin hnh bng cch:
- Quan st mt trong stato nu thy c vt xc hoc l thp b x, bin dng
phi sa, c th dng nm g v ba g nn, ni cn da th dng da sa nhng
phi c tm ba cch in k m trnh xy xc st men dy v cng l
khng cho mt thp lt vo dy qun.
- Nu li thp b r c th dng giy rp nh sch sau khi qut ln b mt lp
sn cch in long v sy kh.
- Kim tra cc u b dy c b xc st hoc vt l xm nhp v khng, khi
u b dy c biu hin lo ha, cch in gin mn th nn sy kh v qut ln
mt lp sn cch in (sn ph) ri tip tc sy kh sn.
- Li thp stato phi c ghp cht ch vi v my.
- V my, cc v tr lp rp phi nhn.
4. Lp ng c
Trnh t lp ngc li vi khi tho (chi tit tho sau th lp trc).
1: Lp Rto v np vo Stato.
2: Lp bulng ca np trc, np sau ca ng c.
3: Lp np m
4: Cnh qut vo trc ng c, Lp np che cnh qut gi ngoi (b phn
che cnh qut),
5: Lp buli vo trc ng c
Mt s ch sau khi lp:
- Kim tra s quay trn
- Xc nh chiu quay ng
- Kim tra li y v an ton cc chi tit
- Vn hnh th kim tra tnh trng lm vic sau khi lp
- Loi tr, sa cha ngay h hng khi vn hnh th pht hin thy
5. im tra hon tt.
+ Kim tra li cc c xem sit cht cha
+ o cc thng s
o in tr thun ca b dy.
o in tr cch in gia cc pha.
o in tr cch in gia cc pha vi v.
Bi 4 u dy vn hnh ng c in.
1. ngha cc s liu ghi trn bin my.
- Trn v ng c gn nhn ghi k hiu v loi ng c, kch thc lp
t, s i cc, cc s liu nh mc, mc bo n, s xut xng, nm
sn xut, khi lng,...
1) iu 3PN160 4
- K t 3PN: ng c khng ng b 3 pha ro to lng sc phng n
- S 160: Ch chiu cao t chn ng c n tm trc quay (mm)
- K hiu bng ch S, M, L ch kch thc lp t theo chiu di thn
+ S: Chiu di thn, kch thc lp t thn ngn
+ M: Chiu di thn, kch thc lp t thn trung bnh
+ L: Chiu di thn, kch thc lp t thn di
- i vi ng c c chiu cao tm trc quay di 90mm. K hiu
bng cc ch ci A, B, C ( V d: 80A, 80 B) kch thc lp t ng
c ging nhau
S cui cng ch s i cc ng c
+ S 2: ng c c s i cc 2p = 2 tng ng vi tc 3000
vng/pht
+ S 4: ng c c s i cc 2p = 4 tng ng vi tc 1500
vng/pht
+ S 6: ng c c s i cc 2p = 6 tng ng vi tc 1000
vng/pht
+ S 8: ng c c s i cc 2p = 8 tng ng vi tc 750
vng/pht
2) 3 pha
ng c s dng li in xoay chiu 3 pha
3) Cp F
p p
Uth
Uth
X
A
X
V
Y
V
Y
1'
2'
3'
3. u dy vn hnh ng c
3.1. tr
tr
v
- Qun l vn hnh ng c in, trc ht ta phi nm chc tnh trng ca ng
c trng thi tnh cng nh trong lc vn hnh; V gi cho ng c khng b
h hng trong trng hp c s c xy ra. kim tra, theo tnh trng vn hnh
ca ng c in cn trang b.
- Ampe k - o dng in ph ti ( dng Stato ) ca ng c - thng thng ch
t ng h o dng in mt trong ba pha.
- Vn k o in p dy v in p pha ti u ng c.
- n tn hiu bo ( ngng ) hoc ( ang vn hnh ) t my.
- bo v ng c khi b h hng khi c s c xy ra hoc bo trc cc hin
tng khng bnh thng ngn nga s c, ng c c cc bo v sau y :
Bo v ngn mch.
Bo v qu ti, kt hp bo v mt ng b ( i vi ng c ng b ).
Bo v nhit pht nng ti cc gi trc ng c.
Bo v mt nc k thut ( bng r le dng nc ).
Cc tn hiu bo trc bng nh sng, m thanh hoc c bo.
Cc ng c in ko my bm, cn c trang b bo v cnh bm trong
trng hp vt l lt vo bung bnh xe cng tc, v vy nu ch c bo v qu
ti i vi ng c ko my bm th khng m bo c yu cu ny, m
ngi ta thng dng thm R le dng in bo v trong trng hp ni trn.
Cc tiu chun cho php ng c vn hnh
+ in tr cch in
in tr cch in gia cc cun dy, v gia cun dy vi v ca Stato l
tiu chun quan trng nht nh gi kh nng ng c c php vn hnh
hay khng.
Tiu chun cch in ca cc thit b in h th o bng M m mt 500V
quy nh.
ng c in : Rc 0,5 M nhit 700 C.
Khi ng t, p t mt , cu dao hp st : R c 10 M ( o gia cc b phn
mang in vi nhau v vi t ).
Cp in Rc 10 M .
Mch in nh th Rc 1 M.
+ in p nh mc
in p t vo ng c nh th no, l vn cn phi quan tm quyt nh
cho ng c c c vn hnh hay khng. V nguyn tc , ng c ch c
php vn hnh khi in p t vo ng c khng sai khc vi in p nh mc
trong khong 5%.
Tuy nhin, cc trm bm in nht l cc trm bm tiu , c ct nc bm
thng thp hn nhiu so vi thit k, hoc trong iu kin hoc trong iu kin
sng sut in li ti mt thi im no khng p ng nhu cu ph ti,
do trang b cha y ( b cng sut phn khng ) v php lnh s dng thit
1500
0,1
1000
0,13
750 v thp hn
0,16
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 18
13
4
A
Y
C
U1~
1.
3. T
t p l
t t.
Ly mu dy qun : Nu my in c thng s k thut ca nh ch to, th
vic ly mu l khng cn thit, tuy nhin vn phi kim tra li xem thc t c
q dy.
r
t to
2
1
b)
a)
Lp
giy
cch
in
rnh
Lp
mica
cch
in
rnh
1.4.2. Q (
dy
tp
dy q .
Hnh 5.5: Phng php nh kch thc cho chu vi dy qun Stato.
Hnh 5.10: Dng giy cch in lt cnh dy ch, cha lng v rnh.
Hnh 5.12: Cng cnh tc dng gi song song cc vng dy khi lng dy.
Hnh 5.14: Thao tc xp song song cc cnh dy trong rnh dng cy mit
Sau khi lng dy xong cc vng dy vo rnh, chng ta cn lt giy nm
ming rnh gi cho cc vng dy qun lng vo rnh khng thot ra khi
rnh.
3
4
Hnh 5.21: Dy ai u ni
T
dy q :
v Stato b nng
C kh nng in p ca ng c bng cch lm v
nhng ng c li cao hn in p nh sinh, thng thong ng
khng b qu ti
mc ca ng c
thng gi.
Kim tra in p li, nu
khng sai khc in p nh
mc th phi thay ng c
m
3.Li thp Stato b
Khi quay r to chm vo
Lm mt ch xc, qut
nng tng mng Stato hoc do cch in cc sn cch in ln cc l tn
ngay c khi chy tm tn Silic khng tt.
Silc b chp. Cn chnh li
khng ti. in p
Bu lng p cht b st
v tr tng i gia R to
nh mc.
chm vi l thp.
v Stato hoc thay i li
Dy qun Stato b ngn
gi b mn
mch, hoc cch in vi v
Dng M mt kim tra,
b nh thng lm ti b
xc nh im h hng sa
chy hng
cha li im b ngn mch
hoc cun li cun dy Stato
4. Ton b dy
ng c b qu ti, hay Kim tra dng in Stato
qun Stato b nng thit b thng gi b h hng. gim ph ti h thng thng
qu mc bnh
in p t vo ng c gi.
thng.
qu thp so vi in p nh Tng lng in th ngun
mc ca ng c .
hoc gim ti .
u nhm cun dy Stato
u li cun dy Stato.
5. Cun dy Stato
Dy qun Stato b chp Qun li bi dy hoc thay
pht nng cc b gia cc vng dy ca mt bi dy mi.
qu mc bnh pha.
Kim tra li xem chnh xc
thng cng
Cun dy Stato c 1 hoc bi dy no b ngc u
dng in ca cc s bi u ngc u dy.
li cc t bi dy cho ng.
pha khng ging
Cun khi ng hoc Dng M mt hay n tm
nhau ng c c cun lm vic c in b im b chm v sau sa
hin tng quay chm v.
li ( cun li cch in, sn
chm li, c ting
tm...) hoc thay c bi dy
ku, p t mt ct.
c im b s c.
Kim tra bng M nu
nh th sa cha cch in
im s c, nu cn thit th
qun li cc pha b s c.
6. Lc vn hnh r
Do gi trc b mn iu chnh khe h gia c
to b ko lch v hoc t b ca gi trc v ct xi n hoc thay
mt pha gy st trc khng ng Stato v R ct xi n mi, iu chnh
ct
to b bin dng trc b cong khe h gia r to v Stato,
lm cho khe h khng kh nu khe Stato b bin dng t
khng u .
dng da st sa li, ch
Cn bng R to cha tt.
khng gy xc dy. Nu
2.
ho st v v li s dy qun.
2.1. X
l
u ni mt pha
gi li ly s liu
Hnh 6.4. Dng tucnvt, que st hoc Hnh 6.5. Li thp phi c v sinh
mc by cho phn cn li ca cc bi
sch s
dy tt sang pha cha b ct
i vi nhng ng c ln, c th dng ba hoc t, t cho sn cch in
bong ra ri tho dn cc vng dy ra khi rnh. Ring nhng ng c c rnh
hnh ch nht th khng nn ct u cc bi dy, nn dng ba v t g, g cho
c bi dy tt dn qua pha khe ming rnh. Khi ly s liu, nn g nh ln cc
mnh u ni ct trn cho sn cch in bong ra, da vo mu men v c
dy, ta m c s vng dy qun cho tng bi ca cc cun dy. trnh
nhm ln, nn ly s liu ba mnh u ni khc nhau. S liu chnh thc s
c ly mnh c s liu trung bnh. Vi nhng ng c dng lm qut bn
thng c cc cun dy s lng chung vi cun khi ng nn hi kh phn
bit. Mun ly s liu c chnh xc th nn t chy ng dy ri d dn cc
vng dy qua pha khe ming rnh ch khng ct u cc bi dy nh cch lm
trn. Trng hp khng phn bit c bao nhiu vng thuc v dy khi
ng, bao nhiu vng thuc v dy s th tm thi ly s vng ca mt cun s
bng t 1/4 n 1/3 s vng ca cun lm vic, s vng dy cn li s thuc v
cun khi ng. Sau , qun th ri iu chnh dn cho hp l hn.
Sau khi tho d xong v ly c s liu th tin hnh v sinh li thp. Dng
que st hoc g y sch cc ming ba cn dnh trn li thp, sau dng kh
nn thi sch.
2.1 S dy qun
V d :
dy q Xp p,
Z1
24
=
=2
2P.m
4.3
2:
Phn vng cc cc v nh du chiu dng in trong cc rnh:
3:
Cn c vo bc qun dy, v cc bi dy, t bi dy ca pha th nht theo
nguyn tc:
Mi bi dy c mt cnh nm lp trn ca rnh ny, cnh kia nm lp
di ca rnh khc, cch nhau bng bc qun y. Khi biu din cc Bi dy,
T bi dy ta v hai na ca mi bi dy theo k hiu cc rnh tng ng
Mt na bi dy nm pha trn ca rnh c v bng nt lin, na kia
c v bng nt t thuc v cnh nm lp di.
4:
Ni tip cc T bi dy ca pha th nht theo chiu dng in chn
trong cc rnh hoc theo quan h gia s cc v s T bi dy.
t to
2
1
a)
b)
Lp
giy
cch
in
rnh
Lp
mica
cch
in
rnh
dy
tp
dy q .
Hnh 6.10: Phng php nh kch thc cho chu vi dy qun Stato.
Hnh 6.15: Dng giy cch in lt cnh dy ch, cha lng v rnh.
Hnh 6.17: Cng cnh tc dng gi song song cc vng dy khi lng dy.
Hnh 6.19 Thao tc xp song song cc cnh dy trong rnh dng cy mit
Sau khi lng dy xong cc vng dy vo rnh, chng ta cn lt giy nm
ming rnh gi cho cc vng dy qun lng vo rnh khng thot ra khi
rnh.
3
4
Hnh 6.23: Dy ai u ni
T
dy q :
mc th phi thay ng c
m
Lm mt ch xc, qut
sn cch in ln cc l tn
Silc b chp. Cn chnh li
v tr tng i gia R to
v Stato hoc thay i li
gi b mn
Dng M mt kim tra,
xc nh im h hng sa
cha li im b ngn mch
hoc cun li cun dy Stato
Kim tra dng in Stato
gim ph ti h thng thng
gi.
Tng lng in th ngun
hoc gim ti .
u li cun dy Stato.
Qun li bi dy hoc thay
bi dy mi.
Kim tra li xem chnh xc
bi dy no b ngc u
li cc t bi dy cho ng.
Dng M mt hay n tm
im b chm v sau sa
li ( cun li cch in, sn
tm...) hoc thay c bi dy
c im b s c.
Kim tra bng M nu
nh th sa cha cch in
im s c, nu cn thit th
qun li cc pha b s c.
Dng phng php xc
nh cc tnh ca cc pha
sau u li cho ng
6. Khi khi ng
Cun dy ca 1 pha hay
ng c c ting hai pha b u ngc, cc
ku to ( gm r ) u ra ca ng c b u ln
dng in 3 pha do mt cc k hiu u dy
khc nhau, p t
mt tc ng
7. Trong ng c
u sai b dy Stato
Kim tra li cc tnh cc
c
ting
ku
u u dy v u li cho
khng
bnh
ng.
thng dng in
3 pha khng ging
nhau, b dy Stato