EXPERIMENT 1 :

PHYSICAL
QUANTITIES
AND
MEASUREMENT

EXPERIMENT 1 : PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND

MEASUREMENT
EXPERIMENT 1a
APPARATUS
1. Wooden block.

2. Ruler

3. Vernier Caliper

4. Beam Balance /Electronic Balance

PROCUDERES
1. Measure the dimension of the wooden
block by using Rules and Vernier
Caliper.
2. Weight the mass of the wooden block by
using Beam Balance / Electronic
Balance.
3. Record all the data in the Table 1a.
4. Calculate density by using formula :

DATA
DIMENSION

READING
RULER

VERNIER CALIPER

ZERO ERROR

Height, h

Width ,w

Length, l

4.6 mm

47.46 mm

0.046 m

0.04746 m

4.7 mm

47.66 mm

0.046 m

0.04766 m

4.6 mm

47.46 mm

0.046 m

0.04746 m

Mass, m

6051 g
6.051 kg

Volume, V

Density , p

=Mass
volume

97.336 mm3

106.90 mm3

9.7336 m3

1.069 x10-4 m3

0.0622 kg

5.660 x10-4 kg

m3

m3

CALCULATION
RULES
HEIGHT , h

= 4.6 mm
= 4.6 mm
1000 m
= 0.046 m

WIDTH , w

= 4.7 mm
= 4.7 mm
1000 m
= 0.047 m

LENGTH , /

= 4.6 mm
= 4.6 mm
1000 m
= 0.046 m

MASS , m

= 6051 g x 1 kg
1000 g
= 6051 x 1 kg
1000
= 6.051 kg

VOLUME , V

= 0.046 x 0.046 x 0.046 mm3

= 97.336 m3

DENSITY , p mass
volume

= 6.051 kg
97.336 m3
= 0.0622 kg
m3

VERNIER CALIPER

HEIGHT , h

= 47.46 mm
1000 m
= 0.04746 m

WIDTH, w

=47.66 mm
1000 m
= 0.047.66 m

LENGTH, l

=47.46 mm
1000 m
= 0.047.46 m

MASS , m

=6051 g x 1 kg
1000
=6.051 kg

VOLUME,v

= 0.047.46 x 0.047.46 x 0.047.46 mm3

=1.069 x10-4 mm3

DENSITY, p mass

= 6.051 kg

volume

1.069 x10-4 m3
=5.660 x10-4

MICROMETER SCREW GAUGE

ZERRO ERROR: 0.02 mm

READING

AVERAGE

Actual value
=
average zero
error

Diameter,
d

22.5+0.09

22.5+0.07

22.5+0.03

=22.59

=22.57

=22.53

22.59+22.57+22.53
3
= 22.25

Thickness,
l

1.5

1.5

0.5

1.5+1.5+0.5
3
=1.17

Volume,

601.142

600.128

199.334

601.142+600.128+
199.334
3
= 466.88

ANALYSIS

Experiment 1a.
From experiment 1a, we learn how to measure the physical quantities
using specific measuring instrument.Firstly, list all the apparatus that we
need to use for experiment.The apparatus are ruler, vernier caliper, beam
balance and wooden block.When using the ruler, we didnt need to fine
zero error because ruler doesnt have zero error.But for vernier caliper,
sometimes it have zero error and no zero error.To fine the volume of
wooden block, we have too fine the length, width and height.For both
apparatus ruler and vernier caliper they have the same way to fine the
volume of the wooden block.Then we should calculate it with it mass.To
fine the mass we would use beam balance.

Experiment 1b.
From experiment 1b, we also learn how to measure
physical quantities by using their specific instrument.the
apparatus that we have to use are 20 cent coin ang
micrometer screw gauge.Before start the experiment we
have to fine the zero error whether it have zero error or
no zero error.To fine the volume of 20 cent coin we have
to fine it diameter and thickness.But for more cautious
repeat the reading for several times then take the average
for all the readings.

EXPERIMENT 1b

APPARATUS
1. Coin 20 cent

2. Micrometer Screw
Gauge

PROCEDURES
1. Measure the dimension of the coin 20
cent by using Micrometer Screw Gauge.
2. Record all the data in Table 1b.
*Note : Use the formula below to get the
volume of the glass rod.

v= d2
4

QUESTION
1. State the precautionary steps to avoid errors in the
experiment.

To avoid zero error

Make sure the ruler is not broken

2. From the experiment 1(a), is there any difference between

using ruler and Vernier caliper? Give your reason.
Yes, there are different between Ruler and Vernier
Caliper because the least count of vernier caliper is
0.005cm and the least count and the least count of ruler is
0.1cm, so we measure small things 5 times more than
ruler.
3. What do you understand with consistency and accuracy
from experiment 1(b).
The Consistency, is the ability of the experimenter and
their equipment to produce a consistence result.
The accuracy of a measurement is the degree to which it
approaches the true value.

CONCLUSION

Hypothesis is accepted. Measuring

small thing using physical quantities
is precisely. Then we can
differentrated between base and
derived quantities.