TANIMLAR

DEFINITIONS

ELEKTRK TESSLER:
Elektrik enerjisinin; retimi, transformasyonu(ykselme ve
indirme), iletimi, datm ve kullanmn salayan yaplar,
binalar, makineler, aygtlar, hatlar, trafolar ve
aksesuarlarn tmdr.

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION:
Civil engineering works, buildings machines, apparatus,
lines, transformers and associated equipment together
forming an integrated unit for the generation, conversion,
transformation, transmission, distribution, and utilisation of
electrical energy.

KURULU G:
Santrallarda mevcut btn gruplara ait generatrlerin
nominal gleri toplamdr.

INSTALLED CAPACITY:
A sum up nominal capacity of the generator of all existing
groups in power plants.

TERMK SANTRAL:
Kat, sv ya da gaz halindeki fosil yaktlarn kimyasal
enerjisinin elektrik enerjisine dntrld elektrik
santraldr.

THERMAL POWER PLANT:

A power plant in which the chemical energy contained in
solid, liquid and gaseous fuels of fossil origin is converted
into electrical energy.

HDROELEKTRK SANTRAL:
Suyun yerekimine bal potansiyel enerjinin elektrik
enerjisine dntrld elektrik santraldr.

HYDRO-ELECTRC POWER PLANT:

A power plant designed to convert the gravitational energy
of waters into electrical energy.

BARAJLI SANTRAL:
Trbiler iin gerekli suyun baraj glnden verilerek regle
edilebildii hidroelektrik santral trdr.

POWER PLANT WITH RESERVOIR:

A hydro-electric power station associated with storage
capacity to regulate the water supply to the turbines.

AKARSU SANTRALI:
Reglasyon yaplan bir rezarvuar olmayan hidroelektrik
santral trdr.

RUN OF RIVER POWER PLANT:

A hydro- electric power plant which has no significant
regulating reservoir.

GAZ TRBN:
Yksek scaklk ve basntaki yanma gazlarnn hareket
salad ve bu gazlarn yanmay gerekletiren havay
salayan bir kompresrn de almasna imkan verdii
trbin trdr.

GAS TURBNE:
A turbine engine in which hot combustion gases under
pressure operate a turbine, which in turn drives a
compressor to increase a pressure of the combustion air.

JEOTERMAL SANTRAL:
Jeotermal enerjiyi elektrik enerjisine dntren tesistir.

GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANT:

A power plant converts geothermal energy into electrical
energy.

KOMBNE EVRM SANTRALI:

Bir gaz trbini jeneratr ile bu trbinin eksoz gazlaryla
alan(ek brlr olan ya da olmayan) bir kazanla, bunun
salad buharla alarak ek elektrik enerjisi reten bir
buhar trbini jeneratrden oluan santraldr.

COMBINED CYCLE PLANT:

Electricity generating plant comprising a gas turbine
generator unit whose exhaust gases are fed to a wasteheat boiler, which may or may not have a supplementary
burner, and the steam raised by the boiler is used to drive
a steam-turbine generator.

KOJENERASYON SANTRALI:

CO-GENERATION POWER PLANTS

Elektrik ve s reten santraller gruba ayrlr;

Electricity and heat- generating plants are examined into

three groups;

Sadece elektrik retimi yapan santraller,

Hem s hem de elektrik retimi yapan birleik s ve
elektrik (Kojenerasyon) santralleri,
Sadece s retimi yapan santraller,

Electricity-only plants which generate electricity only,

Combined heat and power plants (CHP) which
generate heat and electricity simultaneously,
Heat-only plants which generate heat only.

Birleik s ve elektrik santrali (CHP) olarak da bilinen

Combined heat and power (CHP) also known as co-

kojenerasyon santrali birleik s ve elektrik reten birimi

kapsayan santraldir. Bu santraller, retim ekipmanlarnn
bir veya birka parasndan s ve elektriin e zamanl
arzn salamaktadr. Kojenerasyon santraller, s retimi
yapmad
dnemde
elektrik
santrali
olarak
deerlendirilmektedir. Ayn anda hem s hem de elektrik
retimi yapan kojenerasyon santrallerinde (CHP) retilen
s ve elektrik arasndaki yakt kullanmn ayrmak iin
UNIPEDE (Uluslararas Elektrik reticileri ve Datclar
Birliinin) nin gelitirmi olduu yntem kullanlmaktadr.
Bu tanm ve kavramlar, Uluslararas Enerji Ajans (IEA),
Enerji statistikleri Blm (ESD) tarafndan Avrupa Birlii
statistik Ofisi (EUROSTAT) ile ibirlii ierisinde
hazrlanm olan Enerji statistikleri El Kitab ndan
alnmtr.
BRNCL(Primer)ENERJ:
Enerjinin herhangi bir deiim
uygulanmam olan biimidir.

ya

da

dnm

BRNCL ENERJ GRDS:

Birincil enerjinin(rnein; kmr, petrol, doal gaz v.b.) bir
proseste tketimidir.
TAKMR:
Siyah renkte, organik fosil halinde, tortul birikimli kat
yakttr. 30C scaklk %96 hava nisbi nemlilik orannda ve
klsz madde esasna gre sl deeri 24 MJ/kg (yaklak
5700 kCal/kg ya da 10260 Btu/1b) dzeyi zerindedir.
ASFALTT:
Koyu renkli, sert, zor eriyen bitml organik maddeler
karmnndan oluan kmr.120-135 C. arasnda erime
gsteren masif hidrokarbonun sert bir cinsi. Bu kmrler,
daha yal tabakalarda teekkl etmi petroln, tektonik
olaylar sonucu st rt tabakalarnda meydana gelen
atlaklarn doldurulmas, uucu ve akc maddelerin
atla terk etmesi sonunda, atlakta kalan petrol at
maddelerden ibarettir.
LNYT:
Kahverengi-siyah renkte, organik fosil halinde, tortul
birikimli kat yakttr. 30 C scaklk, %96 hava nisbi nemlilik
orannda ve klsz madde esasna gre sl deeri 24
MJ/kg dzeyi altndadr.
FUEL OL:
Yakma tesislerinde s retimi iin kullanlan akkan hidro
karbon karmlardr. Viskoziteleri kullanm alanlarna
gre deiir. Bileimi ve zellikleri ulusal standartlara
baldr.
MOTORN(Dizel Yakt):
Dizel tipi iten yanmal motorlarda kullanlan sv hidro
karbon karmdr. Bileimi ve zellikleri ulusal
standartlara baldr.

DOAL GAZLAR:

generation plant is one that contains a combined heat ve

power generating unit. These plants provide simultaneous
supplies of electricity and heat from one or sometimes
several items of generating equipment. When cogenerariton power plants do not produce heat, it is
considered as a electricity power plant.The method is
based on a UNIPEDE is used for allocating fuel used at
CHP plants between the electricity and heat produced.
These definitions and concepts quoted from Energy
Statistics Manuel were prepared by the Energy Statistics
Division (ESD) of the International Energy Agency (IEA) in
co-operation with the Statistical Office of the European
Communities (EUROSTAT).
PRIMARY ENERGY:
Energy that has not been subjected to any conversion or
transformation process.
PRIMARY ENERGY INPUTS:
Consumption, in a process, of energy from primary
sources, such as coal, petroleum, natural gas, etc.
HARD COAL:
Combustible,
solid,
black,fossil
carbonaceous
sedimentary deposit. Its calorific value, with air at 30 C
and 96 % relative humidity, is blow 24 MJ/kg on the moist
ash-free basis.
ASPHALTTE:
Asphaltite is a kind of coal which consists of dark colored,
hard and difficult soluble organic substances. It is a hard
kind of solid hydrocarbon and it dissolves between 120135 C. The oil in the older layers fill the cracks in the
upper layers which occured in the result of the tectonic
events, and volatile and fluid substances leave the cracks,
the oil waste material in the cracks compose this coals.

LIGNITE:
Combastible, solid black to brown, fossil carbonaceous
sedimentary deposit. Its calorific value, with air at 30 C
and 96 % relative humidity, is blow 24 MJ/kg on the moist
ash- free basis.
FUEL OIL:
Hydrocarbon mixtures (liquid or liquefable petroleum
products) normally without light boiling fractions, for use in
burners. Composition and properties depend on national
specifications.
DIESEL OIL (Diesel Fuel):
A liquid hydrocarbon mixture in the gas oil range for use in
compression-ignition
internal combastion
engines.
Composition and properties depends on national
specifications.

Yeralt rezervuarlarndan elde edilen, metan oran yksek

doal kkenli yanc gazlardr.
JEOTERMAL ENERJ:
Yerkabuu
iindeki
mama,
pluton,
radyoaktif
elementlerin doal paralanmasndan ileri gelen s
akmnn, yerkabuu derinliklerindeki yksek scaklklarn
etkisiyle yeryzne kmasdr.
RAFNER GAZLARI:
Ham petrol ve rnlerinin rafineri ilemleri srasnda
oluan gaz rnleridir. (eitli oranlarda; serbest hidrojen,
azot, bazen kkrtl hidrojen, C3den C4e kadar
hidrokarbonlar)
KOK GAZI:
Koklatrma frnlarnda oluan yanc gazlardr.
YKSEK FIRIN GAZLARI:
Yksek frnda ham demir retimi srasnda oluan yanc
gazlardr.
LKD PETROL GAZI (LPG):
Alak scaklklarda ve basn altnda sv, oda scakl ve
atmosfer basncnda gaz halinde bulunan hafif
hidrokarbonlardr. Esas olarak propan ve butandan oluur.
LPG genellikle bu iki gazn karmdr.
KATRAN (Bitum):
Kolloidal yapda, kahverengiden siyaha kadar renklerde
kat, yar kat ya da amur kvamnda bir hidrokarbondur.
Katran, ham petroln atmosferik damtma artklarnn
vakum altnda damtlmas yoluyla elde edilir. Karbon
slfrde znr, uucu deildir.
YENLENEBLR+ATIK:
Yenilenebilir enerji dzenli olarak yenilenen doal
ilemlerden tretilen enerjidir. Yenilenebilir enerjinin
yerkrenin derinliklerinde retilen sdan, direkt veya
dolayl olarak gneten tretilen birok deiik ekli
vardr. Bunlar gne, rzgar, biyoktle, jeotermal, hidrolik
ve okyanus kaynaklar, kat biyoktle, biyogaz ve sv
biyoyaktlardan retilen enerjiyi iermektedir.
Atk, kauuk, plastik, atk fosil petrolleri ve benzer rnler
gibi yanc madde sanayi ile kurumsal, hastane ve hane
atklarndan gelen birok malzemeyi ieren bir yakttr.
Bunlar kat veya sv halde, yenilenebilir veya
yenilenemez,
biyolojik
olarak
ayrabilen
veya
ayramayan olabilir.
Tablolarda rzgar, jeotermal ve hidrolik kaynaklar bu
balk
altnda
deerlendirilmemi
olup
ayr
gsterilmektedir.
RETLEN BRT ENERJ:
Jeneratr knda llen elektrik enerjisidir.

NATURAL GASES:
Gases, consisting mainly of methane, occurring naturally
in underground deposits.
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY:
The flow of heat travelling from the interior of the earth to
the surface of the earth, in consequence of the higher
temperatures prevailing in the interior arising from the
natural decay of the radioactive elements in the earths
formation.
RAFINERY GASES:
Gases produced during the refining and processing of
petroleum and petroleum products; they consist mainly of
C1 to C4 hydrocarbons with variable amounts of free
hydrogen, nitrogen and possibly hydrogen sulphide.
COKE OVEN GASES:
Gases produced in coke ovens.
BLAST FURNACE GASES:
Gaseous fuels produced in the production of iron in the
blast furnace.
LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG):
Light hydrocarbons, gaseous under conditions of normal
temperature and pressure or lowering of temperature. The
principal ones are propane and butane. Propane occur in
mixtures of LPGs.
BITUMEN:
Solid, semi-solid or viscous hydrocarbon with a collaidal
sturucture, being brown to black in colour, obtained as a
residue in the distillation of oil residues from atmospheric
distillation. It is soluble in carbon bisulphite, non-volatile.
RENEWABLE +WASTE:
Renewable energy is energy that is derived from natural
processes that are replenished constantly. There are
various forms of renewable energy, deriving directly or
indirectly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within
the earth. They include energy generated from solar, wind,
biomass, geotermal, hydropower and ocean resources,
solid biomass, biogas and liquid biofuels.
Waste is a fuel consisting of many materials coming from
combustible industrial, institutional, hospital and
household wastes such as rubber, plastics, waste fossil
oils and other similar commodities. It is either solid or
liquid in form, renewable or non-renewable, biodegradable
or non-biodegradable.
In the tables, wind, geothermal and hydropower resources
have not been evaluated under this title, they are shown
separately.

SANTRAL TKETM:
Santral yardmc ve ek tesislerinin, ana tesislerin devre
d kalma sresi ve balca transformatr kayplar dahil,
elektrik enerjisi tketimidir.

GROSS GENERATION:
The electricity measured at the generator terminals.

NET RETM:
Santral knda llen elektrik enerjisidir.

POWER PLANT INTERNAL CONSUMPTION:

The electricity consumed by a power station or power
station set in its auxiliary plant, including electricity
consumed when out of service, together with the losses in
its generator transformers.

ENERJ DI ALIMI:
lke dnda alm yaplan enerji miktardr.

NET GENERATION:
The useful electricity measured at the outlet of the power
plant.

ENERJ DI SATIMI:
lke dna satm yaplan enerji miktardr.

ENERGY IMPORT:
Quantities of energy bought by a country inside its
national borders.

EBEKE KAYIPLARI:
Elektrik enerjisinin iletimi ve datm srecinde ebekede
oluan elektrik enerjisi kayplardr. Transformatrlerdeki
kayplar iletim ve datm kayplar kapsamnda
deerlendirilir.
EBEKEYE VERLEN ENERJ:
ebekeye verilen elektrik enerjisinin tmdr, dier bir
ifade ile ebekenin kendi santrallarnda retilen ve dier
orjinli enerjilerin toplamdr.
ELEKTRK HATTI:
Elektrik enerjisinin tanmas, iletimi ve datmn
salayan tm direk, iletken, izolatr ve aksesuarlar ieren
genel kavramdr.
HAT GZERGAHI UZUNLUU:
Bir hava hatt ya da yeralt kablosunun iki ucu arasndaki
gzergah boyunca llen deniz yzeyine paralel
uzunluktur.
TRAFO (TRANSFORMATR):
Belirli seviyedeki gerilimi baka seviyediki bir gerilime
eviren techizattr.
TRAFO(TRANSFORMATR) MERKEZ:
Deiik gerilim kademelerinde iletme salayacak ynde
sisteme elektrik enerjisi transfer eden, transformatrler ve
yardmc donanmdan oluan merkez tesisidir.
ENTERKONNEKSYON:
ki ya da daha ok ebekenin bir ya da daha ok hat
tarafndan
balant
ekipmanlar
ile
birbirine
balanmasdr.
ENTERKONNEKTE SSTEM:
Tamada karllk ve gvenilirliin artrlmas amacyla,
zellikle nemli miktarlardaki enerji alverii iin iki ya da

ENERGY EXPORT:
Quantities of energy sold by a country outside its national
borders.
NETWORK/SYSTEM LOSSES:
The energy losses occurring in transmission and
distribution in a specific network/system. Transformer
losses are accounted for under transmission and
distribution losses.
INPUT TO NETWORK:
The sum of the electricity supplied by the electricity
generators of the network and supplies from other
sources.
ELECTRIC LINE:
A general term for a set of conductors, with insulation and
accessories, used for the transmission and distribution of
electrical energy.
TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ROUTE LENGTH:
The distance between the end points of an overhead line
or underground line, horizontally projected and measured
along the route axis.
TRANSFORMER:
The equipment transforming the voltage at any level to
another level.
TRANSFORMING STATION:
A substation which includes transformers and associated
equipments for transferring electricity between systems
operating at different voltage levels.
INTERCONNECTION:
The connection, by one or more lines, between two or
more systems or parts of systems, and the equipment for
such connection.

daha fazla sistem ya da ebeke arasnda blgeler aras

ya da uluslararas balant olanan salayan sistemdir.
ZOLE SSTEM:
Komu bir ebekeye balants olmayan bamsz enerji
sistemidir.
OTOPRODKTR:
Otoprodktr, herhangi bir hizmet veya sanayi i kolunda
faaliyet gsterirken kendi hizmet ve ya da maml retimi
iin gerekli sy-buhar veya bir baka enerjiyi retmek
zorunda olan ve bu enerjisini kendi prosesinde
kullandktan sonra atk s-buhar v.b. enerjisini elektrik
enerjisine dntrebilecek yap ile donatlm tesislerdir.
TEK YAKITLI SANTRAL:
Devaml olarak tek eit yakt kullanarak elektrik reten
birimlerdir.
OK YAKITLI SANTRAL:
Ardarda veya kombinasyon halinde devaml olarak birden
fazla eit yakt kullanarak elektrik reten birimlerdir.
ISIL DEER:
Kat ve sv yaktlarn 1 kgnn, gaz yaktlarn ise 1 m^3
nn, 0 C da ve 760 Torrluk basn altnda yanmas ile
kcal olarak kan s miktardr. (kcal/kg ya da kcal/m^3)
ISI SARFYATI (ORANI):
Santralda tketilen yaktn s edeerinin, retilen elektrik
enerjisine orandr.
REFERANS SRES:
Deerlendirmede esas alnan toplam sredir; emre
amadelik sresi ile iletme d kalma sresinin
toplamdr.
ALIMA SRES:
Bir enerji tesisinin ya da bir blmnn yararl enerji
salad sredir.
KULLANIM SRES:
Santralda bir ylda retilen enerjinin, ayn ylda santraln
ulat en yksek gce blmdr.
KULLANMA FAKTR:
alma sresinin referans sresine orandr.
YK FAKTR:
Belirli bir periyottaki (yl,ay,gn) tketiminin, ayn
peryottaki srekli kullanmn karl maksimumu yanstan
tketime ya da dier uygun bir talbe orandr.
AN PUANT:
Yl iinde maksimum gcn anlk (ksa sreli) kaydedilen

ENTERCONNECTED SYSTEM:
The interconnecting network makes it possible to connect
two or more systems or networks in particuler for
interregional or international exchanges of large amounts
of energy in order to improve the profitability and the
reliability of supply.
ISOLATED SYSTEM:
Autonomous supply system
neighbouring network.

not

connected

to

AUTOPRODUCER:
Autoproducers are the utlities which should generate the
required heat-steam or another sort of energy for its
service or product manufacturing when acting in any
service or industrial work branch and which is equipped by
the installation to convert its waste heat-steam or another
sort of energy into electrical energy after utilization of its
generated energy for self processes.
SINGLE-FIRED POWER PLANT:
Refers to units equipped to burn only one fuel type on a
continuous basis.
MULTI-FIRED POWER PLANT:
Refers to units capable of generating electricity using
more than one nominated type of fuel successively and/or
in combination on a continuous basis.
HEAT CONTENT:
The amount of heat released during the combustion of 1
kg of solid fuel and 1 m^3 of gaseous fuel at 0 C and
under the pressure of 760 Torr.(kcal/kg or kcal/m^3)
HEAT RATE:
The ratio of the energy content of the fuel used to the
electrical energy produced over a given period.
REFERENCE PERIOD:
The period of time to which data related, it is the sum of
the availability time and the unavailability time.
OPERATING TIME:
The period of time during which a plant or part of a plant
supplies useable energy.
UTILIZATION PERIOD:
The quotient of the energy produced within a year and the
maximum capacity of the plant occuring within the same
year.
UTILIZATION FACTOR:
The ratio of the operating time to the reference period.
LOAD FACTOR:
The ratio of consumption within a specified period
(year,month,day,etc.) to consumption that would result
from continuous use reflecting maximum or other
specified demand occurring within the same period.

deeridir.
SAATLK PUANT:
Yl iinde maksimum gcn bir saat sre ile kaydedilen
deeridir.

INSTANTANEOUS PEAK LOAD:

Peak load, recorded instantaneously(very short time) in a
year.
HOURLY PEAK LOAD:
Peak load recorded for one hour in a year.

ELEKTRK RETMNDE KULLANILAN SU:

Yl ierisinde trbinlerden geen suyun toplamdr.
WATER USED IN ELECTRICITY GENERATION:
The total amount of water turbined in a year.

TANIMLAR N KAYNAKA

REFERENCE FOR DEFINITION

ENERJ TERMONOLOJS
TEKNK SZLK
FEBEL 1991
ENERGY TERMONOLOGY
TECHNICAL DICTIONARY
FEBEL 1991
BUHAR SANTRALLARI
TEORS VE UYGULAMASI
Yaver HEPER 1993
http://www.migem.gov.tr/links/kaynakca/sozluk/sozluk-a.htm

ENERJ STATTKLER
EL KTABI
OECD/IEA,2005

BUHAR SANTRALLARI
TEORS VE UYGULAMASI
Yaver HEPER 1993
http://www.migem.gov.tr/links/kaynakca/sozluk/sozluk-a.htm

ENERGY STATISTICS
MANUAL
OECD/IEA,2005