Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Brunswick Southern
0.50
0.20
5.75
4.59
0.48
0.63
6.23
5.22
1.10
1.20
1.02
1.06
1.04
1.59
9.50%
17.00% (Assumed)
7.50%
Ke
Kd
Tax
21.44%
11.25%
48.00% (Ideally, we should take marginal tax rate but that data is not available)
WACC
16.0%
Year
t
1979
0
Opening PPE
Capex
Depr
Closing PPE
NWC
Delta NWC
1980
1
10,600
485
1,060
10,025
1,400
Cash Flows
Op profit (after tax)
Add: Depr
Less: Capex
Less: Delta NWC
FCF
PV of FCF
9,251
Terminal value
NWC released
Tax benefit on PPE scrap
Total TV
2,072
1,569
3,641
t
PVf
PV of TV
10
0.2270
826
Total PV
Acquisition Cost
NPV
10,077
12,000
(1,923)
1981
2
1982
3
1983
4
1984
5
10,025
524
1,109
9,440
9,440
561
1,161
8,840
8,840
607
1,217
8,230
8,230
608
1,278
7,560
1,196
(204)
1,512
316
1,778
266
1,922
144
2,072
150
433
1,060
(485)
204
1,153
1,109
(524)
(316)
1,578
1,161
(561)
(266)
1,630
1,217
(607)
(144)
1,574
1,278
(608)
(150)
1,212
1,422
1,912
2,096
2,094
1985
6
1986
7
1987
8
1988
9
1989
10
7,560
600
1,338
6,822
6,822
600
1,398
6,023
6,023
600
1,458
5,165
5,165
600
1,518
4,246
4,246
600
1,578
3,268
2,072
-
2,072
-
2,072
-
2,072
-
2,072
-
1,574
1,338
(600)
-
1,574
1,398
(600)
-
1,574
1,458
(600)
-
1,574
1,518
(600)
-
1,574
1,578
(600)
-
2,312
2,372
2,432
2,492
2,552
Power Savings %
Graphite Savings %
Year
t
17.50%
100%
1979
0
Investment
Power Savings
Graphite Savings
1980
1
1982
3
1983
4
1984
5
1985
6
(2,250)
1981
2
(2,250)
4,255
1,354
791
1,643
875
1,842
940
2,062
992
2,062
1,042
1,115
108
1,309
108
1,447
108
1,588
108
1,614
108
1,223
1,417
1,555
1,696
1,722
1986
7
1987
8
1988
9
1989
10
2,062
1,042
2,062
1,042
2,062
1,042
2,062
1,042
1,614
108
1,614
108
1,614
108
1,614
108
108
1,722
1,722
1,722
1,830
Q3
The NPV without the laminate technology is negative. But adding the laminate technology NPV makes it positive. However, ther
Dixon can propose a 2-tiered arrangement: Pay $10m initially and then pay up to $2m later depending on the benefits received
Remember that project NPV can be increased by either increasing the cash inflows or by reducing the cash outflows. Re-negot
Q4 and Q5
Strategic issues:
# Since the product is a commodity, being a low-cost producer is very important
# Since the metal electrodes technology is more cost-effective, the Collinsville plant has a disadvantage compared to new plan
# As the case says, getting into Sodium Chlorate manufacturing makes strategic sense for Dixon. So, can it build a new plant w
# Building a new plant from scratch is more challenging. Also, by acquiring Collinsville, Dixon gets ready access to customers a
# Per Exhibit-4, Collinsville capacity of 40k tons is 13% of the Southeastern US total. So scale-wise, Dixon is getting a decent s
# If any of Dixon's competitors takes over Collinsville, it'll make life more difficult for Dixon
The best option for Dixon (given the uncertainty of the laminate technology) is to propose a 2-tiered arrangement as mention
V makes it positive. However, there is some uncertainty regarding how the laminate technology will pan out.
pending on the benefits received from using the laminate technology.
cing the cash outflows. Re-negotiating the purchase price might be the smart thing to do
advantage compared to new plants (as new plants will use metal electrodes)
xon. So, can it build a new plant with the new technology?
gets ready access to customers and market share which it can't get otherwise
e-wise, Dixon is getting a decent sized plant and not a very small and inconsequential player.
Exhibit 8
1980
Revenues
Sales (tons)
Average price/ton
Sales ($000)
32,000
$415
$13,280
35,000
$480
$16,800
38,000
$520
$19,760
38,000
$562
$21,356
38,000
$606
$23,028
Manufacturing Costs
Variable: Power
Graphite
Salt and other
Total variable
Fixed: Labor
Maintenance
Other
Total fixed
Total Manufacturing Costs
$6,304
645
1,285
$8,234
$1,180
256
1,154
$2,590
$10,824
$7,735
791
1,621
$10,147
$1,297
277
1,148
$2,722
$12,869
$9,386
875
1,753
$12,014
$1,427
299
1,179
$2,905
$14,919
$10,526
940
1,836
$13,302
$1,580
322
1,113
$3,015
$16,317
$11,780
992
1,956
$14,728
$1,738
354
1,153
$3,245
$17,973
$112
451
$1,060
$1,623
$833
$125
478
$1,110
$1,713
$2,218
$138
508
$1,160
$1,806
$3,035
$152
543
$1,210
$1,905
$3,134
$168
591
$1,270
$2,029
$3,026
Other Charges
Selling
R&D
Depreciation
Total
Operating Profit
ASSETS
Accounts receivable
Inventories
Net PP&E
Total
$1,622
651
10,600
$12,873
$1,328
598
10,025
$11,951
$1,680
756
9,440
$11,876
$1,976
889
8,840
$11,705
$2,136
961
8,230
$11,327
$2,303
1,036
7,560
$10,899
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable
Net Assets
873
$12,000
730
$11,221
924
$10,952
1,087
$10,618
1,175
$10,152
1,267
$9,632
47.5%
62.0
19.5
81.5
6.3
10.0
4.5
5.5
84.5%
7.4%
46.0%
60.4
16.2
76.6
13.2
10.0
4.5
5.5
65.2%
20.3%
47.5%
60.8
14.7
75.5
15.4
10.0
4.5
5.5
53.7%
28.6%
49.3%
62.3
14.1
76.4
14.7
10.0
4.5
5.5
47.5%
30.9%
51.2%
64.0
14.1
78.0
13.1
10.0
4.5
5.5
41.8%
31.4%
These pro forma financial statements were based on the following assumptions: (1) Continued use of unlaminated graphite electrodes;
(2) Though excess industry capacity would hold price increases to less than 8% annual rate in 1980, by 1984 the average annual price
increase over the period 19791984 was assumed to equal 8%; (3) Power costs per KWH would increase 12% per year; (4) Depreciation
would increase because Dixon would have written up the value of the Collinsville plant to $10.6 million.
a
Exhibit 1
Financial Statements for American Chemical and Other Selected Large Chemical Companies
1974
Sales ($ millions)
Net income ($ millions)
Earnings per share
Dividends per share
Dividend yield
1974
ALLIED CHEMICAL
1975
1976
1977
1978
1974
4,671
198
$4.66
$1.25
5.7%
4,805
212
$4.98
$1.50
4.3%
5,235
251
$5.91
$1.65
5.0%
5,490
349
$8.20
$1.80
4.1%
2,216
151
$5.43
$1.53
6.3%
2,333
116
$4.17
$1.80
5.4%
2,630
117
$4.52
$1.80
4.5%
2,923
135
$4.93
$1.85
4.5%
3,268
120
$4.25
$2.00
7.1%
4,938
558
$3.18
$0.60
2.5%
$23
10
19
2.5
$30
17
22
4.7
$36
21
35
$46
30
33
$48
32
44
$54
23
28
$42
27
33
$45
33
40
$51
39
44
$45
28
28
$35
25
28
5.6
5.4
5.2
7.9
8.8
8.9
6.6
DOW CHEMICAL
1975
1976
1977
4,888
616
$3.33
$0.75
1.7%
8.8
$48
27
46
13.8
1978
5,652
613
$3.30
$0.95
2.3%
6,234
566
$3.01
$1.15
4.5%
6,888
575
$3.16
$1.30
5.6%
$57
38
43
$44
25
27
$31
22
25
13
7.9
2,014
2,109
2,198
2,465
2,527
1,550
1,839
1,959
2,279
2,467
3,498
4,316
5,118
5,889
6,793
44
37
37
29
39
28
34
33
36
38
37
36
37
40
43
20
56
63
63
71
41
72
66
67
64
62
63
64
63
60
57
1.20
1.43
1.25
6.3
3.9
4.1
4.3
6.7
9.2
5.7
5.2
5.4
4.9
10.6
8.2
6.5
4.9
4.4
BBB/A A/A A/Aa
Sales ($ millions)
Net income ($ millions)
Earnings per share
Dividends per share
Dividend yield
1974
6,910
404
$2.74
$1.83
6.0%
1975
7,221
272
$1.81
$1.42
3.2%
$60
28
31
11.3
$45
29
42
23.2
Total capitalization
% Debt
% Preferred stock
% Common stock
Beta
Interest coveragea
Bond ratingb
1978
4,828
323
$7.60
$1.00
5.3%
AMERICAN CHEMICAL
1975
1976
1977
DU PONT
1976
1977
8,361
9,435
459
545
$3.10
$3.69
$1.75
$1.92
3.7%
4.8%
$54
39
45
14.5
$45
35
40
10.8
1978
10,584
787
$5.39
$2.42
5.8%
1974
3,498
323
$9.35
$2.30
5.9%
$46
33
42
7.8
$70
39
41
4.4
MONSANTO
1975
1976
1977
3,625
4,270
4,595
306
366
276
$8.63
$10.05
$7.46
$2.55
$2.75
$3.03
3.4%
3.2%
5.4%
$81
41
76
8.8
$100
76
88
8.8
$89
52
58
7.8
1978
5,019
303
$8.29
$3.18
6.8%
1974
5,320
530
$8.69
$2.18
5.3%
$60
44
47
5.7
$46
32
41
4.7
UNION CARBIDE
1975
1976
1977
5,665
6,346
7,036
382
441
385
$6.23
$7.15
$6.05
$2.40
$2.50
$2.80
3.9%
4.0%
6.8%
$67
40
61
9.8
$77
56
62
8.7
$62
40
41
6.8
1978
7,870
394
$6.09
$2.80
8.2%
$43
34
34
5.6
4,874
5,085
5,772
6,127
6,394
2,396
2,942
3,349
3,668
4,115
3,752
4,485
5,212
5,750
5,997
16
17
22
21
17
25
29
27
28
30
26
30
32
30
28
5
5
4
4
4
79
78
74
75
79
75
71
73
72
70
74
70
68
70
72
1.20
1.43
1.25
9.5
4.1
6.0
6.1
9.5
AAA/Aaa
11.4
9.1
8.4
7.0
6.5
AA/Aa
14.0
8.4
7.0
5.0
4.9
A/Aa
Exhibit 2
Financial Statements for Universal Paper and Other Selected Large Chemical Companies
1974
1,867
149
$3.60
$0.75
6.3%
Sales ($ millions)
Net income ($ millions)
Earnings per share
Dividends per share
Dividend yield
Common stock prices
High
Low
Close
Closing P/E
Total capitalization
% Debt
% Preferred stock
% Common stock
Beta
Interest coveragea
Bond ratingb
$17
10
12
3.4
$21
12
19
7.1
$34
18
30
8.1
$36
24
30
7.4
1978
2,525
191
$4.61
$1.00
3.6%
1974
1,172
125
$5.06
$1.75
7.5%
$38
26
28
6.0
$40
20
24
4.7
CROWN ZELLERBACH
1975
1976
1977
1,767
2,136
2,318
75
98
109
$3.01
$3.88
$4.34
$1.80
$1.80
$1.83
5.1%
4.0%
5.6%
$41
24
36
12.0
$49
36
43
11.6
$45
32
34
7.8
1978
2,467
112
$4.39
$1.90
6.2%
1974
3,042
263
$5.95
$1.75
5.6%
$38
29
31
7.1
$56
32
36
6.1
INTERNATIONAL PAPER
1975
1976
1977
3,081
3,541
3,669
218
254
234
$4.93
$5.60
$4.98
$2.00
$2.00
$2.00
3.5%
2.9%
4.6%
$62
35
58
11.8
$80
58
69
12.3
$70
39
44
8.8
1978
4,150
234
$4.94
$2.00
5.5%
$49
35
37
7.5
1,349
1,620
1,787
1,938
2,018
1,220
1,290
1,345
1,446
1,647
2,207
2,801
3,093
3,303
3,407
30
29
32
32
33
33
33
31
30
34
33
41
34
32
28
-----1
1
1
1
1
70
71
68
68
67
66
66
68
69
65
67
59
66
68
72
1.52
1.03
1.43
6.8
5.0
6.8
7.4
9.2
8.1
4.5
5.3
5.7
4.7
11.1
5.4
5.1
4.7
5.3
A/Aa
A/A
AA/Aa
1974
1,526
82
$3.27
$0.60
9.2%
Sales ($ millions)
Net income ($ millions)
Earnings per share
Dividends per share
Dividend yield
Common stock prices
High
Low
Close
Closing P/E
Total capitalization
% Debt
% Preferred stock
% Common stock
Beta
Interest coveragea
Bond ratingb
UNIVERSAL PAPER
1975
1976
1977
1,902
2,136
2,248
109
154
168
$2.63
$3.72
$4.06
$0.75
$0.75
$0.85
3.9%
2.5%
2.8%
$13
8
9
2.8
MEAD CORPORATION
1975
1976
1977
1,245
1,599
1,822
53
89
98
$2.05
$3.61
$4.10
$0.80
$0.89
$0.98
6.6%
4.4%
4.7%
$13
9
12
5.9
$23
12
21
5.8
$24
18
22
5.4
1978
2,322
121
$5.12
$1.21
6.8%
1974
1,439
95
$4.10
$1.48
6.5%
$34
17
23
4.5
$35
19
25
6.1
KIMBERLY-CLARK
1975
1976
1977
1,484
1,585
1,726
103
121
131
$4.41
$5.21
$5.60
$1.60
$1.80
$2.20
4.4%
4.1%
5.1%
$37
24
37
8.4
$47
36
44
8.4
$48
37
43
7.7
1978
1,911
149
$6.36
$2.60
6.4%
1974
1,471
105
$4.76
$1.25
7.3%
$50
39
41
6.4
$37
18
19
$35
20
34
4
$31
34
39
10.2
$39
29
31
1978
2,300
127
$3.94
$1.74
6.4%
$35
26
28
9.2
7.1
826
880
965
1,071
1,171
1,030
1,086
1,196
1,347
1,435
1,127
1,189
1,296
1,694
1,791
34
35
33
38
36
24
21
20
20
19
33
29
26
31
30
6
6
5
4
1
--------60
59
62
58
63
76
79
80
80
81
67
71
74
69
70
2.16
99
1.14
4.6
2.9
4.5
4.7
5.3
9.1
8.3
10.0
10.1
10.
7.6
7.2
6.1
5.6
5.9
A/A
AA/Aa
NR/NR
Exhibit 3
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Expected.
Domestic
Capacity
270,000 tons
300,000
300,000
320,000
335,000
355,000
370,000
385,000
420,000
455,000
Average Price
$129/ton
136
144
152
188
243
295
367
392
413a
Exhibit 4
Producer
Hooker Chemical Corporation
Pennwalt Corporation
Capacity
Plants
Capacity
65,000 tons
###
9,000
###
###
9,000
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
###
6,000
4,000
5,000
455,000 tons
311,000 tons
Exhibit 5
Sales ($ millions)
Net income ($ millions)
Earnings per share
Dividends per share
Dividend yield
1974
641
27
$2.81
$1.24
7.4%
1975
714
33
$3.25
$1.36
4.6%
PENNWALT
1976
777
35
$3.56
$1.54
4.9%
1977
835
42
$4.23
$2.25
5.2%
1978
921
45
$4.54
$2.05
6.7%
$26
15
17
6
371
$30
17
28
$38
27
33
$39
32
39
$43
32
33
441
469
500
524
28
-72
34
-66
33
-67
34
-66
31
-69
Total capitalization
% Debt
% Preferred stock
% Common stock
Beta
Interest coveragea
Bond ratingb
9.3
Sales ($ millions)
Net income ($ millions)
Earnings per share
Dividends per share
Dividend yield
Common stock prices
High
Low
Close
Closing P/E
$27
13
15
8.6
GEORGIA-PACIFIC
1975
1976
1977
2,359
3,038
3,675
148
215
262
$1.54
$2.12
$2.54
$0.49
$0.70
$0.83
1.9%
2.1%
3.5%
$30
16
26
16.9
$37
26
37
17.4
Equal to earnings before interest and taxes divided by interest expenses. raded.
7.3
19
-81
$95
60
70
13.6
1,091
20
-80
$83
61
68
13.1
1,325
24
-76
$75
45
47
10.2
1,433
21
-79
$53
40
48
10.5
1,533
17
-83
$41
21
39
10.9
577
42
10
48
$49
31
38
$42
33
41
3.8
781
38
4
58
$44
35
41
5.3
990
37
2
61
$44
34
35
6.7
1,083
5.3
1,161
36
1
63
32
1
67
$37
25
28
11.0
1978
4,403
302
$2.93
$1.03
4.5%
$33
24
24
8.2
BRUNSWICK CHEMICAL
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1974
1.9
2.1
3.0
4.0
4.3
1.7
0.20
0.15
0.37
0.71
0.79
0.10
$0.40
$0.30
$0.74
$1.42
$1.58
$0.61
$0.10
$0.10
$0.15
$0.35
$0.40
-c
c
c
2.9%
3.5%
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
13
7
12
8.5
14
9
11.50
7.3
SOUTHERN CHEMICALS
1975
1976
1977
1978
2.0
2.7
3.6
3.9
(0.05)
0.28
0.74
0.73
($0.24)
$1.38
$3.69
$3.66
--$0.30
$0.30
c
c
1.2%
1.3%
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
28
11
25
6.7
31
20
23
6.4
1,935
2,150
2,045
2,541
2,878
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.6
3.2
1.6
1.5
1.8
2.4
3.0
45
42
22
29
29
33
30
25
19
15
50
50
41
28
21
---------------55
58
78
71
71
67
70
75
81
85
50
50
59
72
79
1.50
1.10
1.2
c
c
c
c
c
c
4.3
4.4
8.1
9.9
9.3
6.7
5.0
12.3
47
53
3.5
0.4
9.0
22
24
AA/Aa
Not Rated
Not Rated
9.2
$93
47
72
15.5
851
1.33
1.06
0.81
2.9
3.3
3.8
4.1
4.2
19.4
17.1
10.8
8.4
6.4
5.5
11.6
8.4
5.5
6.3
A/A
AA/Aa
NR/A
1974
2,432
164
$1.74
$0.47
3.1%
Total capitalization
% Debt
% Preferred stock
% Common stock
Beta
Interest coveragea
Bond ratingb
8.6
KERR-MCGEE
INTERNATIONAL MINERALS AND CHEMICALS
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1,550
1,799
1,955
2,165
2,072
859
1,303
1,260
1,280
1,364
116
131
134
119
118
70
166
135
108
120
$4.64
$5.15
$5.19
$4.61
$4.57
$3.59
$9.91
$7.73
$6.09
$6.61
$0.85
$1.00
$1.19
$1.25
$1.25
$0.57
$1.38
$2.10
$2.45
$2.60
1.4%
1.4%
1.8%
2.7%
2.6%
1.9%
5.3%
5.9%
6.4%
7.4%
Exhibit 6
1974
1979a
Revenues
Sales (tons)
Average price/ton
Sales ($000)
36,899
$188
$6,937
Manufacturing Costs
Variable: Power
Graphite
Salt and other
Total variable
Fixed: Labor
Maintenance
Other
Total fixed
Total Manufacturing Costs
$2,935
$3,395
$4,631
$5,530
$6,173
$6,759
354
369
545
653
689
714
693
800
1,047
1,274
1,307
1,385
$3,982
$4,564
$6,223
$7,457
$8,169
$8,858
$590
$608
$646
$739
$924
$1,072
143
201
220
272
235
237
474
659
902
1,063
509
1,107
$1,207
$1,468
$1,768
$2,074
$1,668
$2,416
$5,189
$6,032
$7,991
$9,531
$9,837
###
Other Charges
Depreciation
Selling
R&D
Total
Operating Profit
$433
114
105
$652
$1,096
$394
92
154
$640
$817
$402
126
207
$735
$2,326
$391
155
274
$820
$4,357
$384
181
351
$916
$4,845
$399
204
429
$1,032
$3,597
ASSETS
Accounts receivable
Inventories
Net PP&E
Total
$701
254
4,066
$5,021
$779
544
3,978
$5,301
$1,128
681
4,003
$5,812
$1,456
647
3,853
$5,956
$1,575
639
3,964
$6,178
$1,622
651
4,014
$6,287
$402
###
$472
###
$619
###
$780
###
$795
###
$873
###
42.3%
57.4
17.4
74.8
15.8
10.1
3.7
5.8
66.6
23.7
45.3%
60.9
19.6
80.5
10.9
10.4
7.3
6.3
64.5
16.9
41.9%
56.3
16.0
72.3
21.0
10.2
6.2
5.6
47.0
44.8
37.6%
50.7
14.1
64.8
29.6
9.9
4.4
5.3
35.2
84.2
39.6%
52.4
10.7
63.1
31.1
10.1
4.1
5.1
34.5
90.0
42.5%
55.7
15.2
70.9
22.6
10.2
4.1
5.5
34.0
66.4
LIABILITIES
Accounts payable
Net Assets
Percent of Sales Ratios
Power costs
Variable costs
Fixed costs
Manufacturing costs
Operating profit
Accounts receivable
Inventories
Accounts payable
Net assets
Operating Profit/Net Assets
30,819
$243
$7,489
37,464
$295
###
40,076
$367
###
39,790
$392
###
38,507
$413
###
Expected.
Exhibit 7
1975
Sales
Cost of goods sold
Selling and administrative
Research
Interest
Taxes
1979
$19,128
14,085
1,952
325
400
1,125
$23,830
16,889
2,308
388
320
1,878
$28,348
19,950
2,824
593
240
2,285
$34,770
24,467
3,291
682
160
2,932
$42,259
29,185
4,436
716
80
3,818
$1,241
$1.13
$0.20
$2,047
$1.86
$0.30
$2,456
$2.23
$0.40
$3,238
$2.94
$0.40
$4,024
$3.66
$0.50
$385
4,208
7,436
$12,029
$357
5,016
7,895
$13,268
$556
5,939
8,354
$14,849
$1,273
7,267
8,842
$17,382
$2,996
8,917
8,918
$20,831
Current liabilities
Debt (incl. cur. mat.)
Stockholders equity
Total liabilities
$2,314
5,000
4,715
$12,029
$2,836
4,000
6,432
$13,268
$3,402
3,000
8,447
$14,849
$4,138
2,000
11,244
$17,382
$5,113
1,000
14,718
$20,831
$714
$9
------
$822
$20
------
$1930
$27
1.06
Not rated
Expected.
$2540
$3545
$38 $40 (10/30)
-----------
Tax rate
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
47.55%
47.85%
48.20%
47.52% 48.69%
Consider -->
Average
47.96%
48%