HISTORY OF RUNNING

It is thought that human running evolved at least four and a

half million years ago out of the ability of the apelike Australopithecus, an early ancestor of humans, to walk
upright on two legs.[7]
The theory proposed considered to be the most likely evolution
of running is of early humans' developing as endurance runners
from the practice of persistence hunting of animals, the activity
of following and chasing until a prey is too exhausted to flee,
succumbing to "chase myopathy" (Sears 2001), and that
human features such as the nuchal ligament, abundant sweat
glands, the Achilles tendons, big knee joints and
muscular glutei maximi, were changes caused by this type of
activity (Bramble & Lieberman 2004, et al.).[8][9][10] The theory as
first proposed used comparitative physiological evidence and
the natural habits of animals when running, indicating the
likelihood of this activity as a successful hunting method.
Further evidence from observation of modern day hunting
practice also indicated this likelihood (Carrier et al. 1984). [10]
[11]
According to Sears (p. 12) scientific investigation (Walker &
Leakey 1993) of the Nariokotome Skeleton provided further
evidence for the Carrier theory.[12]
Competitive running grew out of religious festivals in various
areas such as Greece, Egypt, Asia, and the East African Rift in
Africa. The Tailteann Games, an Irish sporting festival in honour
of the goddess Tailtiu, dates back to 1829 BCE, and is one of
the earliest records of competitive running. [13] The origins of the
Olympics and Marathon running are shrouded by myth and
legend, though the first recorded games took place in 776 BCE.
[14]
Running in Ancient Greece can be traced back to these
games of 776 BCE.
RUNNING EQUIPMENTS
STOPWATCH
The timing functions are traditionally controlled by two buttons
on the case. Pressing the top button starts the timer running,
and pressing the button a second time stops it, leaving the

elapsed time displayed. A press of the second button then

resets the stopwatch to zero. The second button is also used to
record split times or lap times. When the split time button is
pressed while the watch is running, the display freezes,
allowing the elapsed time to that point to be read, but the
watch mechanism continues running to record total elapsed
time. Pressing the split button a second time allows the watch
to resume display of total time.
HURDLES
Hurdling is the act of running and jumping over an obstacle at
speed. In the sport of athletics, hurdling forms the basis of a
number track and field events which are a highly specialized
form of obstacle racing. In these events, a series of barriers
known as hurdles are set at precisely measured heights and
distances which each athlete must pass by running over. [1][2]
[3]
Failure to pass over, by passing under, or intentionally
knocking over hurdles will result in disqualification. Accidental
knocking over of hurdles is not cause for disqualification, [4] but
the hurdles are weighted to make doing so disadvantageous.
HISTORY OF CAGAYAN
Archaeology indicates that the Cagayan museum has been
inhabited for half a million years, though no human remains of
any such antiquity have yet appeared. The earliest inhabitants
are the Agta, or Atta, food-gatherers who roam the
forests without fixed abodes. A large tract of land has lately
been returned to them. The bulk of the population are
of Malay origin. For centuries before the coming of the Spanish,
the inhabitants traded with Indians, Malays, Chinese, and
Japanese. In the nineteenth century the prosperity found in
tobacco cultivation caused many Ilokano to settle here. Tobacco
is still a major factor in the economy of Cagayan, though a
special economic zone and free port has been created to
strengthen and diversify the provincial economy.
During Spanish times Cagayan Valley had a larger territory than
what it has today. It included the territories of the abovementioned provinces and the eastern parts of
theCordillera provinces of Apayao, Kalinga, Ifugao and Benguet.

As the historian and missionary Jose Burgues, said, "The old

Cagayan Valley comprises the province
of Cagayan,Isabela and Nueva Vizcaya as well as the
military Districts of Apayao, Itaves, Quiangan, Cayapa and
Bintangan, plus the area of the Sierra Madre to the Pacific
Ocean in the said trajectory."[3]
At Balete Pass in Nueva Vizcaya the retreating Japanese under
General Tomoyuki Yamashita dug in and held on for three
months against the American and Filipino forces who eventually
drove them out; the pass is now called Dalton Pass in honor of
General Dalton, USA, who was killed in the fighting.

FESTIVALS
Festival

Place

Date

Pattaradday Festival

Santiago City

May 15

Pav-vurulun Festival

Tuguegarao City,
Cagayan

August 1016

Gawagaway-yan
Festival

Cauayan City, Isabela

March 30-April
13

Kankanen Festival

Cabatuan, Isabela

November 5

Mangi Festival

Tumauini, Isabela

February 2324

Pansi Festival

Cabagan, Isabela

January 1925

Pinilisa Festival

Jones, Isabela

Tinupig Festival

Lasam, Cagayan

Sinabalu Fiestival

Rizal, Cagayan

April 29

Binnadangan Festival Roxas, Isabela

July 4

Mammangui festival

Ilagan City, Isabela

May 30

Binallay festival

Ilagan City, Isabela

Bambanti Festival

Isabela

Munggo Festival

San Mateo, Isabela

Pato Festival

San Mateo, Isabela

February

Panagsangal Festival Baggao, Cagayan

May 1

Aramang Festival

Aparri, Cagayan

May 112

Sambali Festival

Piat, Cagayan

July 2

Sarakat Festival

Santa Praxedes,
Cagayan

May 1416

Pagay Festival

Alicia, Isabela

September 28

Cabibi Festival

Lal-lo, Cagayan

August 14

Ammungan Festival

Bayombong, Nueva
Vizcaya

May 19-24

FOLK ARTS OF CAGAYAN

Ibanag folk literature, like any other literature, is the expression
of Cagayano's joys and sorrows, hopes and fears, love and
hatred, the very ingredients that whipped up all the literary
genre handed down to us.
The Ibanags, like any other groups of people, meet life in all its
naked conflicts: man versus man; man versus environment or
society; man versus himself; man versus his conscience, nay,
man versus his God.
All these conflicts, since the glorious days of Ibanag legendary
heroes, Biuag and Malana, and since the heroic times of
Magalad and Dayag, have brought enmity, disunity,
divisiveness, lust for wealth and self, and to use the words of a
sociologist, ethnic violence and suicide.
This in the span of some five hundred years, Ibanag folk
literary, and Ibanag balladeer, verzista, the Ibanag minstrel,
rural folk and countryside mystics composed and handed down
volumes of folk literature advocating love, peace, justice,
honesty, unity, morality, reconciliation and betterment of life
style.
Ibanag folk literature is didactic, moralistic, predominantly
sentimental, romantic, socialistic, comic and spiritual--all aimed
at uniting the Cagayanos, brave like the kasi or wild cock that
challenges them to greatness at sunrise; mission-oriented like
the Bannag on whose banks their forebears were rooted;
graceful as the bamboo that bends in the winds of challenges;
sturdy as the Manga in the typhoons of controversies.
Rio Ggrande de Cagayan - The Cagayan River, also known
as the Rio Grande de Cagayan, is the longest and largest
river in the Philippine Archipelago.[1] It is located in the Cagayan
Valley region in northeastern part of Luzon Island and traverses
the provinces of Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino,Isabela and Cagayan.

Callao Cave - is one of the limestone caves located in the

Municipality of Peablanca, Cagayan province, in
the Philippines. The seven-chamber show cave is one of 300
caves that dot the area and the best known natural tourist
attractions of the province. The town is named as Peablanca
(Spanish for white rocks) for the presence of white limestone
rocks in the area.[2] Callao Cave is located in the Barangays of
Magdalo and Quibal in Peablanca about 24 km (15 mi)
northeast of Tuguegarao City, the capital of the Province of
Cagayan.
Callao and the other caves are situated in the western foothills
of the Northern Sierra Madre Mountains of the Philippines. They
are situated within the Peablanca Protected Landscape
and Seascape, which stretches from the caves to the eastern
shores of Peablanca town in the Pacific Ocean.[3]
St. Peter Cathedral - located in Tuguegarao City, is the
biggest Spanish church in Cagayan Valley and is the seat of
the Archdiocese of Tuguegarao. The structure is considered one
of the most beautiful works of art in the Philippines as its
picture appears at a basilica in Rome.
Calayan - (Ibanag language, meaning "where laya (ginger)
abounded") is a municipality in
the province of Cagayan, Philippines. According to the 2010
census, it has a population of 16,200 people in an area of
49,453 hectares (122,200 acres).[2][3]
It is located in the South China Sea, in Luzon Strait north
of Luzon Island. The town is composed of four of the five major
islands of the Babuyan Islands namely: Calayan, Camiguin,
Dalupiri and Babuyan Island. Calayan Island is the largest of the
Babuyan Islands. Fuga Island, the fifth island within the
Babuyan Islands, is part of Aparri municipality.[4] Calayan is
home to the Calayan Rail, a flightless bird identified as a
separate species in 2004 and endemic to Calayan Island.
Citrus Capital - Since we're already in the process of digging
out those albums from the baul, here is another trip from the
archives. The thing I like about conferences is that many of
them are out of town and the last day is usually reserved for a

tour of the locality. This one was a conference on history held

in Nueva Vizcaya, a province most known for its citrus fruits.
The Center for Kapampangan Studies sent me and Prof. Lino
Dizon to attend in the Center's behalf.
Dalton Pass - also called Balete Pass, is a zigzag road and
mountain pass that joins the provinces of Nueva Ecija and
Nueva Vizcaya, in central Luzon island of the Philippines.
Pagsanjan Falls - is one of the most famous waterfalls in the
Philippines. Located in the province of Laguna, the falls is one
of the major tourist attractions of the region.