Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Contents
1. Introduction to AAA Framework:......................................................................................................3
2. Aggregation in Healthcare: Outsourcing Radiology services to India by US:....................................4
3. Adaption by Coco-Cola in Spain:......................................................................................................4
4. Flat packaging by IKEA:...................................................................................................................5
5. Philips adapting to the smaller Japanese Kitchens:............................................................................5
6. Starbucks closing in Israel:................................................................................................................5
7. Tata Nano and its policy of aggregation:...........................................................................................6
8. Cognizants AA Strategy:..................................................................................................................6
9. Shift from Adaption to Aggregation for Philips Medical Systems:....................................................6
10. IBM follows into the Aggregation model:.......................................................................................7
11. Lufthansa adapts to local cuisines:...................................................................................................7
12. Conclusions:....................................................................................................................................7
References:............................................................................................................................................8
When it comes to worldwide procedure, most business pioneers and scholastics make two
suppositions: first and foremost, that the focal test is to strike the privilege adjust between
economies of scale and responsiveness to nearby conditions, and second, that the more
attention organizations put on scale economies in their overall operations, the more global
their methods will be. (Ghemawat, 2007)
The AAA Framework is an acronym for Adaption Aggregation Arbitrage. Adaption may refer
to getting in sync with a foreign countrys culture and legislations. (Ghemawat, 2007)
Aggregation refers to a companys decision to differentiate different markets, (Ghemawat,
2007) for example, a UK based company wants to exploit the huge market in a Developing
economy such as China will concentrate more in China and less focus on a Developed
economy like USA, or even its home country UK.
Arbitrage is somewhat the opposite of Adaption, it refers to exploiting foreign markets rather
than adapting to it. (Ghemawat, 2007)For example, a lot of US based companies outsource a
lot of activities to low cost destinations such as India.
Let us compare some Multi-national corporations from various industries who have
employed the AAA Framework.
Owing to cheaper costs (as less as 1/8th) a lot of radiology services are outsourced to India by
the US. This has been made possible due to the advent of technology and an increase in the
labour force in India who are skilled and qualified to perform such services. (Levy & Hu,
2006)
The process of this outsourcing is not done due to cost cutting alone; the quality of the
workforce operating in India, when it comes to radiology is extremely efficient and effective.
It adds to the quality. Moreover, due to the time difference, these services are ready in the US
by the following morning.
This is an excellent example in adaptability by a huge MNC like Coco-Cola. They quickly
realized that the two litre bottles would not sell as much as in Spain as in other countries. Two
litre bottles generally are not consumed immediately. It is stored for continuous usage.
Refrigerators are the machines that store these bottles. Hence Coco-Cola showed an example
of adaptability in this case.
operations in Israel due to a mismatch of corporate cultures with its Joint Venture Partner
Delek Israel Fuel Company (DIFC) in Israel. (Kalnins & Stroock, 2011)
8. Cognizants AA Strategy:
Cognizant, started with its operations in India, but soon expanded to USA. Their change in
markets is not a routine one. They have successfully implemented a dual model in either
country. Each model is specific to either country (one for India, one for USA). (Ghemawat,
2007)
Cognizant is an example of Adaptation as well as Arbitrage. While it may be uncommon for a
company to practise both, as they are contradictory in nature, Cognizant has managed to
achieve this feat. While they hire more non Indians than Indians in their organization, the
employees are sent to India for cultural assimilation. (Ghemawat, 2007)Moreover, all
proposals are jointly carried out in India as well as USA. (Ghemawat, 2007)
12. Conclusions:
For a large portion of the previous 25 years, the talk of globalization has been focused on
business sectors. Just as of late has the spotlight turned to generation, as firms have ended up
mindful of the arbitrage opportunities accessible through off shoring. This wonder seems to
have outpaced key considering it. Numerous scholastic compositions stay concentrated on the
globalization (or non globalization) of business sectors. Furthermore just a modest division of
the numerous organizations that participate in off shoring seem to contemplate it deliberately:
Only 1% of the respondents to a late review led by Arie Lewin at Duke University say that
their organization has a corporate wide methodology in this respect. The AAA system gives a
premise to considering worldwide methodologies that envelops every one of the three
compelling reactions to the substantial contrasts that emerge at national fringes. Clearer
considering the full scope of technique choices ought to expand the apparent open doors,
hone key decisions, and upgrade worldwide execution.
References:
Ghemawat, P. (2007) Differences: The Central Challenge of Global Strategy, March, [Online],
Available: https://hbr.org/2007/03/managing-differences-the-central-challenge-of-global-strategy [15
January 2015].
Govindarajan & Ramamurti (2011) 'REVERSE INNOVATION, EMERGING MARKETS,AND
GLOBAL STRATEGY', Global Strategy Journal, pp. 191-205.
Gustaffson et al (n.d) 'An IKEA Case Study', Lund University.
Kalnins & Stroock (2011) 'Pouring Israel into a Starbucks Cup', Cornell University School of Hotel
Administration.
Kotler, P. (1986) 'Global Standardization - Courting Danger.', The Journal of Consumer Marketing,
vol. 3, no. 2.
Levy & Hu (2006) 'Offshoring Radiology Services to India', Massachusets Institute of Technology
Working Paper, September.
Lufthansa (2015) Food and beverages, [Online], Available: http://www.lufthansa.com/in/en/Foodand-beverages_1 [15 January 2015].