Sistem Selcoperm

Electrochlorination
Electrochlorination
Overview
Electrochlorination
Why electrochlorination?
Chlorine as disinfectant is often used

Depot effect
Effectivity
Regulations and standards
Low-cost disinfection agent
Risks of chlorine gas

Chlorine discharge by wrong handling or technical failure
Safety thinking especially in dense populated regions
Local regulations for transportation
Electrochlorination
Why electrochlorination?
No handling with dangerous chemicals

Common salt is harmless and can be stored without problems
Always fresh hypochlorite available

no decomposition compared to commercial hypochlorite solution
few generation of by-products (chlorate)
Cost saving production

Chemicals and energy less than 1 per kg chlorine with common salt electrolysis
Electrochlorination
Method of electrolytic chlorine production

Anode (+)
Chlorine
Salt + Water
Sodium
hydroxide +
Hydrogen
Cathode (-)
Sodium hypochlorite + Hydrogen + Salt

+ Water
Anode (+)
Cl2
2 NaCl
2 H2O
NaClO + H2 + NaCl + H2O

2NaOH + H2
Cathode (-)
Electrochlorination
Disinfection effect of electrolytic chlorine

Electrolytical chlorine production
e2 NaCl + 2 H20 2 NaOH + Cl2 + H2
2 NaOH + Cl2 NaCl + NaClO + H20
Reaction with water
NaClO + H20 NaOH + HClO
HClO + H20 H30+ + ClOHClO is the disinfectant,
not Cl2 or ClO- !
High pH dependancy
Electrochlorination
pH effect on hypochlorite effectiveness
pH range with 90% HClO content
Electrochlorination
Disinfection effect with hypochlorite

Microbicidal effect
irreversible oxidation (plus chlorination) of cell components,
structure proteins, enzymes, DNA
Characteristics
extensive application spectrum at pH 5 to 7
sensitive against organic load
corrosive at application temperatures > 40C and pH < 7
strong product influence taste / smell
AOX (adsorbent organic halogens) contribution
Electrochlorination
Types of electrolytic chlorine production

Chlorine
Electrolysis
Membrane divided
Undivided cell
cell
Diluted
brine
Natural brine
(ocean water)
Chloride
containing water
Saturated
brine
Diluted
hydrochloric
acid
Electrochlorination
Undivided cells with NaCl
H2
NaCl +
H2O
Cathode
NaClO
NaClO
NaOH
H+
Na+
Cl2
H2O
OH-
NaCl
Cl-
solution
+
Anode
Electrochlorination
Function principle undivided cell electrolysis

5
NaClO
NaCl + H2O, saturated
H2O, softened
H2O, supply
H2
Air
1
7
2
1 Water softener
2 Brine tank
3 Undivided cell
4 Degassing tank H2
5 Ventilation
6 Storage tank
7 Dosing pump
Electrochlorination
Membrane cells with NaCl

NaClO + NaCl + H2O
NaOH
H2
Cathode
NaCl+
H2O
Cl2
Na+ + OH= NaOH
Anode
Na+
H2O
NaCl+
H2 O
Electrochlorination
Function principle, membrane standard method

Cl2
NaClO
Saturated Brine
Rest brine
Rest brine + Chlorine gas
H2O, softened
H2O, supply
9
H2
8
10
NaOH
7
NaOH +H2
Air
1
2
1 Softener
2 Brine tank
3 Membrane cell
4 Degassing tank Cl2
5 Reaction tower
6 Degassing tank H2
7 Dosing pump
8 Mixing tank
9 pH measurement
10 Dosing pump
Electrochlorination
Function principle, hydrochloric acid electrolysis

H2 to the air
ca. 0,3 g/l Chlorine solution
Flow meter with

min. monitoring
Anode (+)
(2 Cl- Cl2+2 e-)
Operation water
80 - 100 l/h
Cathode (-)
(2 H+ +2e- => H2)
Acid drain
ca. 1% HCl
pH 1-2
Electrochlorination
Comparison of electrolytic methods

Undivided cell
Raw material
Membrane divided cells
Diluted brine
Saturated brine
Diluted hydrochloric acid
Undivided flow-through cell
Membrane divided cell
Membrane divided cell
Salt consumption per kg Cl2
3,0 3,5 kg
1,7 2,0 kg
Acid consupmtion per kg Cl2
1,2 kg at 100 % conc.
4,0 4,5 kWh
4,5 5,0 kWh
4,0 4,5 kWh
Hypochlorite solution 6-8 g/l
Hypochlorite solution 25 g/l
Chlorine solution 0,5 - 1 g/l
0,80 1,00
0,60 0,80
6,00 8,00
Simple
Robust
Reliable
No salt carry-over
High product concentration
Low operation costs *)
Simple
Robust
Reliable
High salt consumption

Salt carry-over in product
Only high purity salt suitable

Complex, susceptible to
malfunction
High spare parts costs
High operation costs

Low product concentration
Drinking water applications

Very suitable for export
business
Public baths
Also drinking water
Not suitable for export business
Small, private swimming pools

No drinking water plants
Cell construction
Power consumption per kg Cl2

Product
Operation costs per kg Cl2
Advantages
Disadvantages
Preferred application
*) without maintanance (high spare parts costs)
Electrochlorination
Cost calculation, comparison of methods

Chemical cost comparison for an average swimming pool
(1000 kg chlorine per year)
Method
Qty. chemicals
per year
Chemical
costs
Power costs per

kg Chlorine *)
Operation
costs / year
Liquid chlorine
1.000 kg
1,30 / kg
1.300
Hypochlorite solution
6.667 kg
0,58 / kg
3.866
Chlorine granulate /
tablets
1.540 kg
4,00 / kg
6.160
Membrane elektrolysis
1.700 kg
0,18 / kg
= 306
0,55
= 550
856
Undivided electrochlorination
3.200 kg
0,12 / kg
= 384
0,50
= 500
884
*) without dosing equipment

Invest costs must be calculated separately dependant on the system dimensioning.
All dosing systems for chemicals must follow certain local legal regulations concerning installation place
and maintenance. So a total cost comparison can only be done individually.
Electrochlorination
Grundfos Alldos Electrochlorination Systems

Product family name: Selcoperm
Capacities:
125 / 250 / 500 / 1000 / 2000 g/h
System:
Complete plug-and-play systems:

electrochlorination system +
storage tanks for brine and product solutions
Typical disinfection tasks:

Drinking water treatment
Municipal waste water treatment
Swimming pool water treatment
Industrial waste water treatment
Electrochlorination
Electrochlorination System Selcoperm

Installation scheme:
Ventilation
system
Electrolysis
system
Brine tank
Dosing
pumps
Product
tank
Electrochlorination

Example for installation in drinking water plant
Ventilation
system
Electrolysis
system
Chlorine
measurement
Brine tank
Product
tank
Dosing
pump
Electrochlorination

Components:
Front view
Control
unit
Main
switch
Power and signal

supply lines
Display for air

flow rate
Ventilation
motor
Electrochlorination

Components:
Left side view

Water flow
meter and
switch
Dosing pump
for brine
In- and Outlet for water

and brine
Water cooling
for electronics
Sample valves for water,

brine and product
Water softener
Electrochlorination

Components:
Right side view

Hydrogen outlet
Control
unit
Connection to
product storage tank
Degassing column
Electrochlorination cell
Ventilation
system
Electrochlorination

Details electrolysis cell
Electrodes in transparent PVC tube with five years warranty

Voltage between electrodes 26 to 28 V
Dual containment between electrolyser chamber and vent pipework
Brine concentration entering the electrolyser is between 20 and 30 g/l
Concentration sodium hypochlorite leaving the electrolyser< 8 g/l
Product temperature is kept below 35 C which is monitored
The product is kept at a consistent composition via the control panel
monitoring and adjusting :
Water flow
Amperage
Voltage
Temperature
Electrochlorination

Dimensioning of the systems
Water flow
(log)
Selection sheet for electrolyser system
Tm/d
240
m3/h
10000
120
5000
60
48
2500
2000
30
24
15
1250
1000
Selcoperm 2000
Corresponding
chlorine gas qty.
48kg/d
2000g/h
12
625
500
Selcoperm 1000
1000g/h
24kg/d
6,0
250
Selcoperm 500
500g/h
12kg/d
3,0
2,4
125
100
Selcoperm 250
250g/h
6kg/d
1,5
63
Selcoperm 125
125g/h
3kg/d
Larger capacities
available on request
Smaller capacities
available on request
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2

Dosing quantity mg/l
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
Electrochlorination

System requirements
Inlet water:
- Good quality filtered water (particles < 100 m)
- Low fluoride (< 2 mg/l), iron (< 200 mg/m) and manganese content
(< 20 mg/m)
- Between 125 and 140 litres of water is required to produce 1 kg chlorine.
Salt:
- Food quality grade salt is recommended
- 3 to 3,5 kg salt is required to produce 1 kg chlorine
Power supply:
-4,5 to 5 kW is required to produce 1 kg chlorine
Electrochlorination

End product sodium hypochlorite solution
Typical specifications:
Total chlorine content
0,8 % ( 8 g per litre)
pH
8 - 8,5
Specific density
~ 1,014 g/cm
Product storage time
nearly unlimited at 25 C
Freezing point
-1,1 C
Product concentration and pH value are lower than in commercial
sodium hypochlorite solutions (concentration ~ 15 %, pH ~ 10)
Higher long-term stability, no pH correction with sulphur acid
necessary
Electrochlorination

Hydrogen as By-product
Potential hazards minimized through engineering:
Vertical electrolyser in difference to some competitors, therefore no
hydrogen accumulation in the electrolyser
Hydrogen separation in clear degassing column before outlet to
product tank
Dual contained electrolyser, degassing column and vent pipework
Quantifiable air flow through the dual containment
No source of ignition
Never more than one litre hydrogen (0,09 g) in the system at a time
Electrochlorination

Safety in use of the process
Selcoperm will fail safe in the event of following conditions:
Incorrect water flow
High / low amperage
Over temperature in electronics, electrolyser cell or product outlet
Ventilation failure
Extra high or extra low product tank level
Leakage in hydraulic / electrolyser chamber or in product tank
System inhibit via any site alarm
The system is designed so that no electrical equipment is sited in a
potentially explosive environment.
Electrochlorination

User advantages
Low operator involvement

Low maintenance (inspection once a year)
Safe handling and simple storage of salt as raw material
No separate plant room as for chlorine gas necessary
Low operation costs
Efficient production of disinfectant
Long term stable product storage
Low investment costs
No hazardous products
Electrochlorination

Applications
Treatment of swimming pool water
Electrochlorination

Applications
Example: Installation of
Selcoperm 500 in Sllingen
(Germany) as replacement of
hypochlorite dosing
Electrochlorination

Applications
Example: Installation of Selcoperm

1000 in Heidelsheim (Germany) as
replacement of chlorine gas dosing
Electrochlorination

Applications
A
Drinking water treatment:
A) Raw water treatment
B) Final disinfection
Electrochlorination

Applications
Drinking water treatment
Example: Installation of
Selcoperm 250 in water plant
Alconbury (UK) as alternative to
chlorine gas system
Electrochlorination

Applications
Waste water treatment
Example: Installation of a Selcoperm

with 10.5 kg/h for waste water
treatment in Larnaca (Cyprus)
Electrochlorination

Remote Installations
Electrochlorination

Salt saturator tank - 10 tons
Electrochlorination

Delivery program Selcoperm
Selcoperm electrochlorinators
Type
Capacity g Cl2 / h
Capacity kg Cl2 / day
SES-125
125
SES-250
250
SES-500
500
12
SES-1000
1000
24
SES-2000
2000
48
Dimensions (W x D x H) / mm: 700 x 900 x 1800

Weight: ca. 100 kg
Variants: voltage/frequency and connections on unit (metric/imperial)
Electrochlorination

Delivery program Selcoperm accessories
Brine tanks
Type
Capacity / kg
Diameter (mm)
Height (mm)
SET-150-S
150
550
644
SET-300-S
300
556
930
SET-500-S
500
790
1035
SET-1250-S
1250
1019
1157
Product storage tanks

Type
Capacity / L
Width (mm)
Depth (mm)
Height (mm)
SET-350-P
350
1024
724
1200
SET-501-P
500
1184
864
1250
SET-700-P
700 (2x350)
1804
784
1250
SET-991-P
1000
1474
1074
1500
SET-1001-P
1000 (2x500)
2084
924
1300
SET-2000-P
2000
1350
1800
SET-3000-P
3000
1535
2000
SET-5000-P
5000
1950
2400
SET-10000-P
10000
2000
3800
PWS T1000 test kit for measuring salinity and product concentration
Electrochlorination

Market situation electrochlorination
Most important competitors
Competitor
Prominent
W&T
Severn Trent
System
a) Dulco Zon MCEa

b) CHLORINSITU II
OSEC-B
MCT 12/24/36
Disadvantage
a) membrane system:
higher maintenance
costs, minor lifetime
b) non-divided cell:
only 3-phase power
supply, 3.8kg salt/kg
Cl2, >7kWh/kg Cl2
ca. 15 % less yield

less secure H2
Elimination
higher investment
costs
horizontal
electrolyser cell
no dual containment
H2 dilution fan only
as option
In addition many local manufacturers with simple systems in low price segment are
existing, for example Ekran (RU), Titanor (Ind.), Water Eng. (AUS), Salchlor (AUS).

Sistem Selcoperm

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Electrochlorination

Chlorine as disinfectant is often used

Risks of chlorine gas

No handling with dangerous chemicals

Always fresh hypochlorite available

Cost saving production

Method of electrolytic chlorine production

Sodium hypochlorite + Hydrogen + Salt

NaClO + H2 + NaCl + H2O

Disinfection effect of electrolytic chlorine

pH effect on hypochlorite effectiveness

pH range with 90% HClO content

Disinfection effect with hypochlorite

Types of electrolytic chlorine production

Undivided cells with NaCl

Function principle undivided cell electrolysis

Membrane cells with NaCl

Na+ + OH= NaOH

Function principle, membrane standard method

Function principle, hydrochloric acid electrolysis

ca. 0,3 g/l Chlorine solution

Flow meter with

Comparison of electrolytic methods

Membrane divided cells

Diluted hydrochloric acid

Undivided flow-through cell

Membrane divided cell

Membrane divided cell

Salt consumption per kg Cl2

Acid consupmtion per kg Cl2

1,2 kg at 100 % conc.

4,0 4,5 kWh

4,5 5,0 kWh

4,0 4,5 kWh

Hypochlorite solution 6-8 g/l

Hypochlorite solution 25 g/l

Chlorine solution 0,5 - 1 g/l

High salt consumption

Only high purity salt suitable

High operation costs

Drinking water applications

Small, private swimming pools

Power consumption per kg Cl2

*) without maintanance (high spare parts costs)

Cost calculation, comparison of methods

Power costs per

*) without dosing equipment

Grundfos Alldos Electrochlorination Systems

125 / 250 / 500 / 1000 / 2000 g/h

Complete plug-and-play systems:

Typical disinfection tasks:

Electrochlorination System Selcoperm

Electrochlorination System Selcoperm

Electrochlorination System Selcoperm

Power and signal

Display for air

Electrochlorination System Selcoperm

Left side view

In- and Outlet for water

Sample valves for water,

Electrochlorination System Selcoperm

Right side view

Electrochlorination System Selcoperm

Electrodes in transparent PVC tube with five years warranty