Testing Validity

1. Standardized Test
Leadership Skills:
When we talk about leadership skills, what exactly do we mean? Leadership skills are the tools,
behaviors and capabilities that a person needs in order to be successful at motivating and
directing others. Yet true leadership skills involve something more, the ability to help people
grow in their own abilities. It can be said that the most successful leaders are those that drive
others to achieve their own success.
Leadership skills are important in guiding the development and success of any organization. The
best leaders will allow others to determine how they are going to contribute to the final product.
Such leaders are not afraid of taking the risk of allowing others to add some of their own
thoughts on how they should perform their jobs. The most effective leaders are those who can
successfully influence the way other people influence themselves.

The Instrument used and its Administration:

The test measures the leadership skills of the test taker. It contains about 30 questions. The
respondent checks each of the statement indicating the extent to which each of the questions
truly holds true for him/her or not on a 5 point Likert scale. This instrument can be selfadministered.

Scoring of the test:

The responses given by the all the respondents will be calculated on a 5 Point Likert Scale which
consists of the rating pattern: Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree and Strongly Disagree.
All the ratings for each item would be transferred accordingly.
Scoring is unidirectional
Add the ratings for each respondents.

The Instrument Used:

Personality Test - Leadership Skills Assessment
There are 30 questions in this questionnaire, based on the normal everyday situations that you
might encounter in your personal and professional life. Your task is to indicate the strength of
your agreement with each statement, utilizing a scale in which 5 denotes strong agreement, and
4, 3, and 2 represents intermediate judgments and 1 denotes strong disagreement. In the boxes,
after each statement, click a number from 5 to 1 from the following scale:
5. Strongly agree
5. Agree
3. Neutral
2. Disagree
1. Strongly disagree
There are no right and wrong answers. In order to obtain the most relevant results, please answer
the questions as spontaneously and sincerely as possible.
* Required
Name *
Gender *
People always try to play me around my weaknesses *
o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Improving upon my weaknesses is definitely on my list of my New Year's

resolution *
o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

People often tell me that is approach problems from an angle they could not even
imagine *
o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

A co-worker in trouble is a liability on the whole team *

o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

A person can define the qualities of a person better than himself/herself *

o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

I am open to explain my point of view several times if required *

o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

You hate depending on someone when you know you can do it better *
o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Hard-work can never compensate for smart work *

o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Too much planning leads to decision paralysis *

o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

I am generally the one speaking a lot at daily review meetings *

o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Sometimes failure is the only way to prevent reoccurrance *

o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

I am reasonably good at adhering to schedules and am able to plan sufficient time

buffers in my project*
o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Finer details attract me the more than some of the other members of my team *
o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

A number of solutions can exist for the same problem depending on who is solving
it *
o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

I enjoy finding new ways of resolving project issues *

o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

I am able to discover the discomfort of team members without their explicitly

mentioning it *
o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

I have a tendency to start solving the problem sometimes even before completely
understanding it *
o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

We cannot keep all people happy at all times *

o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

I always try to take the not-so-obvious route to problem solving *

o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Meetings and emails are a utter waste of time *

o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Short term focus is sometimes more relevant than long term *

o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Negotiation is not my cup of tea *

o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

I am flexible enough to change my pre-decided plans during the course of the

project *
o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

It is better to tell the team members the truth even if it is going to demotivate them *
o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Established solutions are always the best way to solve problems *

o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

Unless I have tried it myself I find it difficult to trust on the accuracy of solutions *
o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

I prefer to plan things on the go *

o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

I like to solve problems in groups *

o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

I prefer to be in my own private zone during get-togethers *

o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

In dicy situations I prefer the opponent to take the first shot at the problem *
o

Strongly agree

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Strongly disagree

2. Psychometric Test Self Made Test

Leadership Assessment Skills

Defining the Parameter

Leadership Skills:
Leadership skills are the tools, behaviors and capabilities that a person needs in order to be
successful at motivating and directing others. Yet true leadership skills involve something
more, the ability to help people grow in their own abilities. It can be said that the most
successful leaders are those that drive others to achieve their own success.
Leadership skills are important in guiding the development and success of any organization.
The best leaders will allow others to determine how they are going to contribute to the final
product. Such leaders are not afraid of taking the risk of allowing others to add some of their
own thoughts on how they should perform their jobs. The most effective leaders are those
who can successfully influence the way other people influence themselves.

The Instrument used and its Administration:

The test measures the leadership skills of the test taker. It contains about 30 questions. The
respondent checks each of the statement indicating the extent to which each of the questions
truly holds true for him/her or not on a 5 point Likert scale. This instrument can be selfadministered.

Scoring of the test:

The responses given by the all the respondents will be calculated on a 5 Point Likert Scale which
consists of the rating pattern: Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree and Strongly Disagree.
All the ratings for each item would be transferred accordingly.
Scoring is unidirectional
Add the ratings for each respondents.

The Instrument Used:

The instrument used for checking the reliability was a standardized test on Leadership Skills
Assessment. After confirming the reliability of the standardized test, on a similar ground, we
designed another questionnaire of Leadership Skills Assessment to check the validity of the test
on a different group of subjects. The following is the sample of the questionnaire designed to
check the validity of the test.

Personality Test - Leadership Skills Assessment

There are 30 questions in this questionnaire, based on the normal everyday situations that you
might encounter in your personal and professional life. Your task is to indicate the strength of
your agreement with each statement, utilizing a scale in which 5 denotes strong agreement, and
4, 3, and 2 represents intermediate judgments and 1 denotes strong disagreement. In the boxes,
after each statement, click a number from 5 to 1 from the following scale:
1. Strongly agree
2. Agree
3. Neutral
4. Disagree
5. Strongly disagree
There are no right and wrong answers. In order to obtain the most relevant results, please answer
the questions as spontaneously and sincerely as possible:

I am energized when people count on me for ideas *

1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

I take delight in complementing people I work with when progress is made *

1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

When involved in group projects, it is important to me to help the team to stick

together *
1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

Resolving interpersonal conflicts is an activity that I enjoy *

1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

When involved in group projects, I am inclined to let my ideas be known *

1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

I enjoy planning for the future *

1
Strongly Agree

5
Strongly Disagree

I am effective at overcoming stressful or challenging situations *

1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

I tend to seek out situations that allow me to increase my knowledge *

1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

I typically remain engaged when others are speaking to me, and try to make
comments when appropriate *
1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

I am firm and fair-minded when dealing with coworkers *

1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

I encourage initiatives, involvement and innovation from my coworkers *

1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

I accept ownership for team decisions *

1
Strongly Agree

5
Strongly Disagree

I usually do not allow my personal beliefs to bias my decisions *

1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

Time spent worrying about team morale is time that's wasted *

1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

I make exceptions to my rules and expectations - it's easier than being the enforcer
all the time *
1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

I'm optimistic in life, and I can see beyond temporary setbacks and problems *
1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

I feel threatened when someone criticizes me *

1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

I take calculated risks, and develop contingency plans for major decisions *
1
Strongly Agree

5
Strongly Disagree

People think of me as a pragmatic project leader *

1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

A leader should hold back decisions unless each member of the team agrees with
him *
1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

I tend to use high standard in order to explain why certain actions are better than
the others*
1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

I always generate in employees a certain sense of ownership of their work *

1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

People think that I am negative *

1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

When things go wrong, I immediately blame myself *

1
Strongly Agree

5
Strongly Disagree

If I don't work hard, other people will think they don't have to either *
1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

I feel confident when others accept my ideas and decisions *

1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

As a manager, I would hesitate to ask help from my subordinates *

1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

If forced to choose, I would do the right thing (legal or ethical standards), rather
than what is more easier or profitable *
1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

I can effectively argue my case to unsure colleagues and higher-ups *

1

Strongly Agree

Strongly Disagree

I get bogged down in the details and lose sight of the real purpose of what I am
trying to accomplish *
1
Strongly Agree

5
Strongly Disagree

VALIDITY: CORRELATION
Standardiz
ed
Test
X
12
0
11
6
10
9
11
5
10
9
11
8
85

SelfMade
Test
Y
12
6
12
0
10
0
12
0
12
3
11
2
74

80
90
11
5
11
3
10
0
11
2
11
0
96
11
8
96
10
7
11
5
93

70
72
10
7
86
93
10
5
10
7
10
0
13
9
10
2
10
2
11
7
72

10
7
12
1
85

10
3
13
0
76

X-M1
14.4
10.4
3.4
9.4
3.4
12.4
-20.6
-25.6
-15.6
9.4
7.4
-5.6
6.4
4.4
-9.6
12.4
-9.6
1.4
9.4
-12.6
1.4
15.4
-20.6
-5.6
4.4

Y-M2 (X-M1)(Y23.3 M2)335.8

17.3
180.1
-2.7
9.1
17.3
162.8
20.3
69.
1
9.3
115.6
-28.7
590.8
-32.7
836.6
-30.7
478.6
4.3
40.
6
-16.7
-123.4
-9.7
54.
2
2.3
14.
8
4.3
19.
0
-2.7
25.
7
36.3
450.4
-0.7
6.5
-0.7
1.0
14.3
134.6
-30.7
386.6
0.3
0.4
27.3
420.7
-26.7
549.6
-0.7
3.8
6.3
27.
8
4770.8

10
10
0
2
11
10
0
9
105.6
102.7
M1
M2
Validity = (X-M1) (Y-M2) / [(X-M1)2*(Y-M2)2]

(X-M1)(XM1)207.4
108.2
11.
6
88.
4
11.
6
153.8
424.4
655.4
243.4
88.
4
54.
8
31.
4
41.
0
19.
4
92.
2
153.8
92.
2
2.0
88.
4
158.8
2.0
237.2
424.4
31.
4
19.
4
344
0

(Y-M2)(YM2)543.8
300.0
7.2
300.0
412.9
86.
9
822.5
1068.0
941.3
18.
7
278.2
93.
7
5.4
18.
7
7.2
1319.1
0.5
0.5
205.1
941.3
0.1
746.4
711.8
0.5
39.
9
8869.44

= 4770.8 / (3440*8869.44)
= 4770.8 / 5523.67
= 0.8637
The validity co-efficient for this test after administering the new construct was found to be 0.86
Therefore, we can say that the Validity for the test is HIGH