CONFIDENTIAL

FORMULA SHEET

TRIGONOMETRY IDENTITIES
FUNDAMENTAL IDENTITIES
1
sin
1
sec
cos
csc

cot

FORMULAS FOR NEGATIVES

sin sin
cos cos

1
cos

tan
sin

tan tan

sin
cos

csc csc

tan

sin 2 cos 2 1
1 tan 2 sec 2

sec sec
cot cot

1 cot 2 csc 2

ADDITION FORMULAS

SUBTRACTION FORMULAS

sin A B sin A cos B cos A sin B

sin A B sin A cos B cos A sin B

cos A B cos A cos B sin A sin B

cos A B cos A cos B sin A sin B

tan A B

tan A tan B
1 tan A tan B

HALF-ANGLE FORMULAS
sin

1 cos

2
2

cos

tan

1 cos

2
2

1 cos
sin

2
sin
1 cos

CLB19203 MATHEMATICS 1

tan A B

tan A tan B
1 tan A tan B

DOUBLE-ANGLE FORMULAS

sin 2 2 sin cos

cos 2 cos 2 sin 2
.......... 1 2 sin 2
.......... 2 cos 2 1

tan 2

2 tan
1 tan 2

CONFIDENTIAL

PRODUCT-TO-SUM FORMULAS
1
sin sin
2
1
cos sin sin sin
2
1
cos cos cos cos
2
1
sin sin cos cos
2
sin cos

SUM-TO-PRODUCT FORMULAS

cos
2
2

sin sin 2 cos
sin
2
2

cos cos 2 cos
cos
2
2

cos cos 2 sin
sin
2
2
sin sin 2 sin

DIFFERENTIATION
GENERAL FORM

STANDARD FORM
d
sin x cos x
dx
d
cos x sin x
dx
d
tan x sec 2 x
dx

d
sin f ( x ) f ' ( x ) cos f ( x )
dx
d
cos f ( x ) f ' ( x ) sin f ( x )
dx
d
tan f ( x ) f ' ( x ) sec 2 f ( x )
dx

d
csc x csc x cot x
dx
d
sec x sec x tan x
dx
d
cot x csc 2 x
dx

d
csc f ( x ) f ' ( x ) csc f ( x ) cot f ( x )
dx
d
sec f ( x ) f ' ( x ) sec f ( x ) tan f ( x )
dx
d
cot f ( x ) f ' ( x ) csc 2 f ( x )
dx

EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION
STANDARD FORM

GENERAL FORM

d x
e ex
dx

d f (x)
e
f ' ( x ) ef ( x )
dx

LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION
STANDARD FORM

GENERAL FORM

d
1
ln x
dx
x

d
f '(x)
ln f x
dx
f (x)

CLB19203 MATHEMATICS 1

CONFIDENTIAL

INTEGRATION
STANDARD FORM

GENERAL FORM
Where : f x ax b

cos x dx sin x c
sin x dx cos x c

sec

csc x cot x dx csc x c

csc

x dx tan x c

sec x tan x dx sec x c

x dx cot x c

sin f x
c
f ' x
cos f x
sin f x dx
c
f ' x
tan f x
sec 2 f x dx
c
f ' x
sec f x
sec f x tan f x dx
c
f ' x
csc f x
csc f x cot f x dx
c
f ' x
cot f x
csc 2 f x dx
c
f ' x

cos f x dx

EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION
STANDARD FORM

GENERAL FORM
Where : f x ax b

dx e x c

e f x dx

ef x
c
f ' x

LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION
STANDARD FORM
1

x dx ln x c

CLB19203 MATHEMATICS 1

GENERAL FORM
Where : f x ax b
1

f x dx

ln f x
f ' x