RECOUNT TEXT

A recount is a type of spoken or written text that deals with past

experiences. The function is to retell some events that happened in the
past for certain purposes; to inform and or to entertain the listeners or
readers.
Recounts are principally not the same as Narratives although both
talk about past events. Narratives deal with problematic events which lead
to a crisis or turning point which in turn finds a resolution while recounts
do not have to come to a serious crisis or complication.
Generic Structure of Recount Text
1. Orientation

an

introduction

that

provides

the

setting

and

introduces participant
2. Events : account that tells what happened, in a sequence
Event 1
Event 2
Event 3
Etc.
3. Reorientation (optional) : Closing of events
Generic Features of Recount text

1. The recount focuses on a sequence of events all of which relate to a

2.
3.
4.
5.

particular occasion
It introduces specific participants
frequent uses of Simple Past Tense
Past continuous tense is sometimes used
Temporal sequencers are also used in the sentences to show the
events. They are listed below :
Before
After
When
While
During
1

As
At that time
At that moment
After that
After then
Firstly
Secondly
Finally

The example of recount text

How could I Hide my face?
Orientation:One afternoon a month ago, I was very hungry. As I didnt
cook anything to eat lunch, I decided to go to a caf about a hundred
meters from my boarding house.
Events: I changed my trousers and shirt then left for the caf by myself
because my roommate hadnt come yet from the school. As soon as I got
to the caf, I ordered the meal with fresh vegetable soup that seemed
very delicious in the hot day, and also a glass of tea. When they were
served, I ate up eagerly the meal and soup and drank the tea. I was
satisfied and it was the time to pay. I grabbed my trousers pocket and I
was shocked. My hands didnt feel there was any wallet there. I felt so
embarrassed that I didnt dare to see the faces of the customers. My body
stayed still on the chair and began sweating.
I tried to control myself in front of the people. I collected my courage to
come to the cashier to say something. Feeling uneasy, I told her that I left
my wallet in the other trousers at the boarding house and promised to
take it and come back soon. Some customers looked at me. I thought I
must hide my face. She nodded and said it was not a matter.
Reorientation: Finally, I ran to the house and got back with the money. I
gave it to her and came out of the caf. What a relief! It should not
happen again to me.

NARRATIVE TEXT
Social function :
To amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or various experience in
different ways; Narratives deal with problematic events which lead to a
crisis or turning point of some kind, which in turn finds 2 resolution.
Generic Structure Narrative Text

1. Orientation
Pada bagian Orientation atau pengenalan berisi tentang pengenalan
tokoh dalam cerita serta waktu dan tempat kejadiannya.
2. Complication
Pada bagian Complication berisi tentang gambaran munculnya krisis atau
masalah yang di alami oleh tokoh pada cerita tersebut yang harus
dipecahkan.
3. Resolution
Pada bagian Resolution berisi tentang bagaimana tokoh dari cerita
tersebut memecahkan masalah yang ada pada bagian Complication.
Biasanya terdapat lebih dari satu Resolution untuk satu Complication.

Language features :

Mengunakan Action Verb dalam bentuk Past Tense. Misalnya :

Climbed, Turned, Brought, dsb.
Menggunakan Nouns tertentu sebagai kata ganti orang, hewan dan
benda tertentu dalam cerita. Misalnya : the king, the queen, dsb.
3

Menggunakan Adjectives yang membentuk noun phrase. Misalnya :

long black hair, two red apples, dsb.
Menggunakan
Time
Connectives

dan

Conjunctions

untuk

mengurutkan kejadian-kejadian. Misalnya : then, before, after, soon,

dsb.
Menggunakan Adverbs dan Adverbial Phrase untuk menunjukkan
lokasi kejadian atau peristiwa. Misalnya : here, in the mountain,
happily ever after, dsb.
The example of narrative text :
Three fishes
Orientation
Once, three fishes lived in a pond. One evening, some fishermen passed
by the pond and saw the fishes. 'This pond is full of fish', they told each
other excitedly. 'We have never fished here before. We must come back
tomorrow morning with our nets and catch these fish!' Then the fishermen
left.
Complication
When the eldest of the three fishes heard this, he was troubled. He called
the other fishes together and said, 'Did you hear what the fishermen said?
We must leave this pond at once. The fishermen will return tomorrow and
kill us all!' The second of the three fishes agreed. 'You are right',he said.
'We must leave the pond.
But the youngest fish laughed. 'You are worrying without reason', he said.
'We have lived in this pond all our lives, and no fisherman has ever come
here. Why should these men return? I am not going any where my luck
will keep me safe.
Resolution
The eldest of the fishes left the pond that very evening with his entire
family. The second fish saw the fishermen coming in the distance early

next morning and left the pond at once with all his family. The third fish
refused to leave even then.
The fishermen arrived and caught all the fish left in the pond. The third
fish's luck did not help him.He too was caught and killed.
The fish who saw trouble ahead and acted before it arrived as well as the
fish who acted as soon as it came both survived. But the fish who relied
only on luck and did nothing at all died. So also in life.

PROCEDURE TEXT
Procedure is the set of steps which should be completed in the
right sequence to get the goal. In our daily life, we often have to perform
some steps to make or get something done.
Social Function :
To describe how something is accomplished through a sequence of actions
or steps

Generic Structure of procedure

1. Goal : Title of the text (especially for a recipe)
2. Materials : Optional, not for all procedural texts
3. Steps : a series steps oriented to achieving the Goal
Generic Features

1. The use of Simple Present Tense, often in an imperative form e.g.

Add some sugar, prepare it,
2. The use mainly of temporal conjunction (or numbering to indicate
sequence especially in written text)

As the sentence introducers (sequencers) especially in spoken text:

First
Firstly
Second

Secondly

Then

Thirdly

After that
Finally

Lastly

Afterwards

As time introducers, especially in written text

before
until
After

During

When
While
The example of procedure Text :
Goal : How to activate a Handphone
Nowadays, we need a handphone to connect to our colleagues. We can
get it easily in the shop. When we buy it we shall get a handphone, a SIM
card, a battery and a charger.
Steps:
This is the way to activate the handphone:

First, open the cover of the handphone

Second, insert the SIM card after being installed
Third, insert the battery inside
Fourth, close the battery with a cover of handphone
Fifth, connect the lead from the charger to the bottom of the phone.
Sixth, connect the charger to an AC wall outlet. Charging the battery

supplied with the phone may take four up to six hours.

Seventh, when the battery is fully charged, the bar stops scrolling.
Disconnect the charger from the AC outlet and the phone. Then, we
are ready to make a phone call.
6

Example 2
Goal : How to boil an egg
Do you know how to boil an egg? Well, this is the way!
Steps :

First, heat a saucepan of water on the stove.

Then put the egg in the boiling water.
After that, heat it until it boils.
Next, cook it for three minutes.
Dont leave the eggs until it gets burnt.
Now, the egg is ready to serve.
Finally, serve it with pepper powder and salt

Descriptive Text
Social function
To describe a particular person, place or thing.
Generic Stucture:
a. Identification: identifies the phenomenon to be described
b. Description: describes parts, qualities, characteristics

Significant lexicogrammatical features:

Focus on specific participants

Use of Attributive and Identifying Processes
Frequent use of Ephrtets and Classifiers in nominal groups
use simple present tense

The example of Descriptive Text :

Natural Bridge National Park
7

Identification
Natural Bridge National Park is luscious tropical rainforest. It is located
110 kilometers south of Brisbane and is reached by following the Pacific
Highway to Nerang and then by travelling through the Numimbah Valley.
This scenic roadway lies in the shadow of the Lamington National Park.
Description
The phenomenon of the rock formed into a natural arch and the cave
through which a waterfall cascades is a short one-kilometer walk below a
dense rainforest canopy from the main picnic area. Swimming is permitted
in the rock pools. Night-time visitors to the cave will discover the unique
feature of the glow worms.
Picnic areas offer toilets, barbeque, shelter sheds, water and fireplaces;
however, overnight camping is not permitted.

NEWS ITEM
Social Function :
To inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are
considered newsworthy or important
Text Organization :
1. Newsworthy event (tells the event in a summary form)
2. Background events (elaborate what happened, tell what caused the
incident)
3. Sources (comments by participants, witnesses, authorities and
experts involved in the event)
Language Features:
1. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
2. Using action verbs (hit, attack, curb)
3. Using saying verbs (said, added, claimed)
8

4. Using adverbs : time, place and manner.

5. Using passive sentences (Aceh was hit by a Tsunami in 2004)
The example of News Item :
Seven Killed in Accident on Jalan Sultan
Newsworthy event
Seven people were killed in a collision between a bus, a car and a
truck at 10:35 p.m. on Jalan Sultan last night. The dead were all
passengers in the car. Police believe the car may have been trying to
overtake the bus when it was struck by a truck coming from the opposite
direction. The driver of the car may not have been using his lights, as the
truck driver said he did not see the car approaching.

Background events
The police said the car should not have been trying to pass the bus,
since overtaking is not allowed on Jalan Sultan. In addition, the police
reported that the cara small Japanese carshould not have been carrying
more than five people. The names of the victims are not yet known.

Report Text
Social Function :
To describe the way things are, with reference to a range of natural, manmade and social phenomena in our environment. A report usually talks
about

something

concrete

or

which

can

be

observed

such

as

animals,plants, planets, and natural disasters.

Generic Structure :
1. General classification ; tells what the phenomenon under discussion
is.
2. Description ; tells what the phenomenon under discussion is like in
terms of (1) parts, (2) qualities, (3) habits or behaviors, if living;
uses, if non-natural.
Dominant Language Feature :
1. Introducing group or general aspect
10

2. Using conditional logical connection

3. Using Simple Present Tense

The common grammatical patterns of an information report

include:
use of general nouns, eg hunting dogs, rather than particular nouns, eg
our dog;
use of relating verbs to describe features, eg Molecules are tiny
particles;
some use of action verbs when describing behaviour, eg Emus cannot f
y;
use of timeless present tense to indicate usualness, eg Tropical cyclones
always begin over the sea;
use of technical terms, eg Isobars are lines drawn on a weather map;
use of paragraphs with topic sentences to organise bundles of
information; repeated naming of the topic as the beginning focus of the
clause.
The examples of Report Text :
General classification
A kangaroo is an animal found only in Australia,although it has a smaller
relative, called a wallaby,which lives on the Australian island of Tasmania
and also in New Guinea.
Description
Kangaroos eat grass and plants. They have shortfront legs, but very long,
and very strong back legs anda tail. These are used for sitting up and for
11

jumping. Kangaroos have been known to make forward jumps of over

eight metres, and leap across fences more than three metres high. They
can also run at speeds of over 45 kilometres per hour.

The largest kangaroos are the Great Grey Kangaroo and the Red
Kangaroo. Adult grow to a length of 1.60 metres and weight over 90 kilos.

Kangaroos are marsupials. This means that thefemale kangaroo has an

external pouch on the front of her body. A baby kangaroo is very tiny when
it is born, and it crawls at once into this pouch where it spends its first five
months of life.
Example 2
What Is Thunder and Lightning?
General classification
Lightning is a sudden, violent fash of electricity between a cloud andthe
ground, or from cloud to cloud. Alightning f ash, or bolt, can be several
miles long. It is so hot, with an average temperature of 34,000
Centigrade, that the air around it suddenly expands with a loud blast. This
is the thunder we hear.Lightning occurs in hot, wet storms. Moist air is
driven up to a great height.
Description
It forms a type of cloud called cumulonimbus. When the cloud rises high
enough, the moisture freezes and ice crystals and snowf akes are formed.
These begin to fall, turning to rain on the way down. This rain meets more
moist air rising, and it is the friction between them which produces static
electricity. When a cloud is fully charged with this electricity, it discharges
it as a lightning f ash.
12

Analytical Exposition

Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose)

Memaparkan dan mempengaruhi audience (pendengar/pembaca) bahwa
ada masalah yang tentunya perlu mendapat perhatian.

Struktur Teks (Text Structure)

Pernyataan

memperkenalkan topik)
ARGUMENTS terdiri dari point yang dikemukakan dan elaborasi
Penguatan pernyataan/REITERATION.

pendapat/

THESIS

statement

(tujuan:

Ciri kebahasaan menggunakan:

General nouns, misalnya car, pollution, leaded petrol car, dsb.
Abstrac nouns, misalnya policy, government , dsb.
Relating verbs, misalnya It is important, dsb.
Action verbs misalnya, She must save, dsb.
Thinking verbs, misalnya Many people believe, dsb.
Modal verbs, misalnya We must preserve, dsb.
Modal adverbs, misalnya certainly, dsb.
Connectives, misalnya firstly, secondly, dsb.
Bahas evaluatif, misalnya important, valuable, dsb.
Kalimat pasif (passive voice)

13

Contoh Teks Analytical Exposition :

IS SMOKING GOOD FOR US ?

Before we are going to smoke, it is better to look at the fact. About 50
thousands people die every year in Britain as direct result of smoking.
This is seven times as many as die in road accidents. Nearly a quarter of
smokers die because ofdiseases caused by smoking.
Ninety percent of lung cancers are caused by smoking. If we smoke
five cigarettes a day, we are six times more likely to die of lung cancer
than a non smoker. If we smoke twenty cigarettes a day, the risk is
nineteen greater. Ninety five percent of people who suffer of bronchitis
are people who are smoking. Smokers are two and half times more likely
to die of heart disease than non smokers.
Additionally, children of smoker are more likely to develop bronchitis
and pneumonia. In one hour in smoky room, non smoker breathes as
much as substance causing cancer as if he had smoked fifteen
cigarettes.
14

Hortatory Exposition
Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose)
Memaparkan dan mempengaruhi audience (pendengar/pembaca) bahwa
seharusnya demikian atau tidak demikian.
Struktur Teks (Text Structure)

THESIS (Pernyataan isu yang dipersoalkan)

ARGUMENTS (terdiri atas point (main idea) dan elaborasi

(supporting idea)
RECOMMENDATION (Rekomendasi/saran)

15

Ciri kebahasaan menggunakan:

Abstrac nouns,misalnya policy,government dsb.

Technical verbs, misalnya species of animals,dsb.
Relating verbs, misalnya should be, doesnt seem to have been,

dsb.
Action verbs, misalnya, we must save, dsb.
Thinking verbs, misalnya I believe , dsb.
Modal verbs, misalnya We must preserve, dsb.
Modal adverbs, misalnya certainly,we, dsb.
Connectives, misalnya firstly, secondly, dsb.
Simple present tense
Bahas evaluatif, misalnya important, valuable, dsb.
Kalimat pasif (passive voice)

The example of hortatory exposition

"Removing Lead from Petrol"

In all the discussion over the removal of lead from petrol (and the
atmosphere) there doesn't seem to have been any mention of the
difference between driving in the city and the country.
While I realize my leaded petrol car is polluting the air wherever I
drive, I feel that when you travel through the country, where you only
see the another car every five to ten minutes, the problem is not as
severe

as

when

traffic

is

concentrated

on

city

roads.

Those who want to penalize older, leaded petrol vehicles and their
owners don't seem to appreciate that, in the country, there is no public
transport to fall back upon and one's own vehicle is the only way to
get about.
I feel that the country people, who often have to travel huge distances
to the nearest town and who already spend a great deal of money on 16

EXPLANATION TEXT

17

Tujuan Komunikatif Explanation Text

Tujuan komunikatif dari Explanation text adalah untuk menerangkan
proses-proses yang terjadi dalam pembentukan atau kegiatan yang terkait
dengan fenomena-fenomena alam, sosial, ilmu pengetahuan, budaya, dan
lainnya yang bertujuan menjelaskan.
Generic Structur Explanation Text
Terdapat tiga bagian dalam struktur kalimat Explanation Text, yaitu:
1. General statement
Dalam general statement berisi tentang penjelasan umum tentang
fenomena yang akan dibahas, bisa berupa pengenalan fenomena
tersebut atau penjelasannya.
2. Squenced of explanation
A squenced of explanation berisi tentang penjelasan proses
mengapa fenomena tersebut bisa terjadi atau tercipta. A squenced
of explanation berupa jawaban dari pertanyaan why dan how
penulis ketika membuat sebuah Explanation text. Dalam squenced
of explanation bisa terdiri lebih dari satu paragrap.
3. Closing
Sebenarnya closing itu tidak tercantum dalam generic structure dari
Explanation text, tetapi kebanyakan orang beranggapan bahwa
paragrap terakhir dari sebuah Explanation text adalah closing,
padahal itu merupakan bagian dari squenced of explantaion yang
berisi tentang langkah akhir yang dijelaskan pada bagian squenced
of explanation.

Language features Explanation Text

Dalam sebuah explanation text, terdapat ciri-ciri kebahasaan seperti di
bawah ini, yaitu:
Menggunakan simpel present tense
Menggunakan abstract noun (kata benda yang nampak)
18

 Menggunakan Passive voice

Menggunakan Action verbs
The Example of Explanation Text
How Earthquakes Happen
General statement
Earthquake is one of the most destroying natural disasters. Unluckily
it often happens in several regions. Recently a horrible earthquake has
shaken West Sumatra. It has brought great damages. Why did it occur? Do
you know how an earthquake happens?
Squenced of explanation
Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly
breaks along a fault. This sudden release of energy causes the seismic
waves. It make the ground shake. When two blocks of rock or two plates
are rubbing against each other, they stick a little. They don't just slide
smoothly. The rocks are still pushing against each other, but not moving.
After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure that's built up.
When the rocks break, the earthquake occurs.
During the earthquake and afterward, the plates or blocks of rock
start moving, and they continue to move until they get stuck again. The
spot underground where the rock breaks is called the focus of the
earthquake. The place right above the focus is called the epicenter of the
earthquake.
Example 2
Tsunami
The term of tsunami comes from the Japanese which means harbour
("tsu") and wave ("nami"). A tsunami is a series of waves generated when
water in a lake or a sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale.
19

A tsunami can be generated when the sea foor abruptly deforms and
vertically displaces the overlying water. Such large vertical movements of
the

earth's

crust

can

occur

at

plate

boundaries.

Subduction of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating

tsunami, and occur where denser oceanic plates slip under continental
plates.
As the displaced water mass moves under the infuence of gravity to
regain its equilibrium, it radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond.
Tsunami always bring great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the
huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea
keeps rising fast and foods powerfully into the coastal area.

Discussion Text
20

Discussion text adalah sebuah teks baik terucap atau tertulis yang
memberikan informasi, ide, pendapat, tentang suatu hal.
1. Tujuan Komunikatif Discussion Text
Tujuan

komunikatif

dari

Discussion

Text

itu

sendiri

adalah

untuk

mengetengahkan suatu masalah atau isu yang ditinjau paling tidak dari
dua sudut pandang, sebelum sampai pada suatu kesimpulan atau
rekomendasi.
2. Generic Structure of Discusssion Text (struktur teks)

a. Issue (masalah)
b.

Arguments (Pendapat)

Supporting Points (Pendapat Yang Mendukung)

Contrasting Points (Pendapat Yang Bertentangan)
c.

Conclusion / Recommendation (Kesimpulan / Saran)

3. Ciri Kebahasaan Discussion Text

Simpel present tense

Modalites, seperti must, should, would, may, etc.

Additive, contrastive, dan casual connection untuk menghubungkan

argumen seperti similiary, however, furthemore, on the other hand,
etc.

Thinking verb untuk mengungkapkan pandangan pribadi penulis,

misalnya feel, believe, hope, dsb.

Adverbials of maner misalnya deliberately, hopefully ,dsb

21

The example of Discussion Text

The Advantage and Disadvantage of Nuclear Power
Issue
Nuclear power is generated by using uranium which is a metal mined in
various part of the world. The first large scale of nuclear power station
was opened at Calder Hall in Cumbria, England in 1956.
(Tenaga

nuklir

dibangkitkan

dengan

menggunakan

uranium

yang

merupakan sejenis logam yang bisa ditemukan di berbagai tempat di

dunia. Pembangkit tenaga nuklir sekala besar yang pertama dibuka di
Caler Hall di Bumbria, Inggris pada tahun 1956.)
Supporting Point
Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power plant for engine.
Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's energy needed, and
produces huge amounts of energy. It cause no pollution as we would get
when burning fossil fuels. The advantages of nuclear plant are as follow:
(Beberapa kapal dan kapal selam militer mempunyai tenaga nuklir yang
ditanamkan pada mesin. Tenaga nuklir memproduksi sekitar 11% tenaga
yang dibutuhkan dunia dan menghasilkan total energi yang besar yang
tidak menyebabkan polusi seperti yang akan kita dapatkan ketika
membakar bahan bakar fosil. Keuntungan dari nuklir adalah sebagai
berikut:)

It costs about the same coal, so it is not expansive to make.

(Biayanya hampir seperti batu bara, jadi tidak terlalu mahal untuk
digunakan.)
22

It does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not

contribute to the greenhouse effect. (Tidak menghasilkan asap atau
karbon dioksida, jadi tidak menyumbang efek rumah kaca.)

It produces huge amounts of energy from small amount of uranium.

(Menghasilkan energi yang banyak dari sedikit uranium.)

It produces small amount of waste. (Menghasilkan sedikit

pembuangan.)

It is reliable. (Bisa diwujudkan.)

Contrasting Point
On the other hand, nuclear power is very, very dangerous. It must be
sealed up and buried for many years to allow the radioactivity to die away.
Furthermore, although it is reliable, a lot of money has to be spent on
safety because if it does go wrong, a nuclear accident ca be a major
accident.(Di sisi lain, tenaga nuklir sangat berbahaya. Nuklir harus di
kunci dan di kubur untuk beberapa tahun untuk mematikan radioactivnya. Selanjutnya, walaupun tenaga nuklir bisa diwujudkan, banyak uang
harus digunakan untuk keamanannya karena jika terjadi kesalahan,
sebuah kecelakaan nuklir bisa menyebabkan kecelakaan yang besar.)
Conclusion or Recomendation
People are increasingly concerned about this matter. In the 1990's nuclear
power was the fastest growing source of power in many parts of the world.
(Manusia sangat memperhatikan masalah ini. Pada tahun 1990-an tenaga
nuklir merupakan sumber tenaga yang cepat berkembang di banyak
penjuru dunia.)

23

REVIEW TEXT
Social function

: To criticize an art work or event for a public audience.

Generic Structure Review Text :

Introduction
Seperti jenis teks bahasa Inggris (genre) yang lainnya, pada
paragraph

pertama

dari

sebuah Review

Text berisi

tentang

gambaran umum tentang sebuah karya atau benda yang akan

ditinjau. Gambaran umum tentang karya atau benda tersebut bisa
berupa nama, kegunaan, dan sebagainya.

Evaluation
Pada Generic

Structure yang

kedua, Evaluation,

memberikan

gambaran tentang detail suatu karya atau benda yang direview,

bisa berupa bagian-bagian dari karya atau benda tersebut, keunikan
dan kualitasnya.

Interpretation
Pada bagian ketiga ini, penulis memberikan pandangannya sendiri
mengenai karaya atau benda yang direviewnya. Tentunya phase ini
24

dilakukan setelah melakukan evaluasi yang cukup terhadap karya

atau barang tersebut.

Summmary
Pada bagian ini, penulis memberikan kesimpulan kepada pembaca
terhadap karya atau benda yang telah direviewnya. Setelah
memberikan penjelasan di evaluasi dan pandangan penlis sendiri di
interpretation, tibalah penulis memberikan komentar apakah karya
atau benda yang direviewnya berharga atau tidak untuk calon
pembeli.

Ciri Kebahasaan (Language Features)

Pada Review Text terdapat beberapa ciri kebahasaan seperti berikut ini :
1. Menggunakan present tense.
2. Banyak menggunakan adjective (kata sipat) seperti, bad, good,
valuable, etc.
3. Sering menggunakan long clause (klausa panjang) dan kompleks.

The example of Review Text

Harry Potter: Order of the Phoenix

Orientation
I absolutely love the Harry Potter series, and all of the books will always
hold a special place in my heart.
Evaluasi

I have to say that of all of the books, however, this was not my favorite.

25

Evaluasi

When the series began it was as much of a "feel good" experience as a

huge mug of hot cocoa. The stories were bright, fast-paced, intriguing,
and ultimately satisfying.
Interpretation
Order of the Phoenix is a different kind of book. In some instances this
works...you feel a whole new level of intensity and excitement by the time
you get to the end. I was truly moved by the last page. Other times the
book just has a slightly dreary, depressing feel. The galloping pace of the
other books has slowed to a trot here, and parts of it do seem long, as if
we're reading all about Harry "just hanging out" instead of having his
usual adventures. Reading in detail about Harry cleaning up an old house,
for example house keeping is still housekeeping, magical or no, and I'm
not very interested in doing it or reading about other people doing it.

A few other changes in this book - the "real" world comes much more in to
play rather than the fantasy universe of the previous books, and Harry has
apparently been taken off his meds. I know that he had a lot to be grumpy
in this book, especially with being a teenager and all, but the sudden
change in his character seemed too drastic. He goes from being a warmhearted, considerate person to someone who will bite his best friend's
heads off over nothing. It just seemed like it didn't fit with his character,
like he turned into a walking clich of the "angry teen" overnight.
Summary
The "real" story seemed to happen in the last 1/3 of the book, and this
part I loved. I actually liked the ending (and yes, I cried!) as sad as it was.
It packed a punch and it made me care about the story even more. Still a
really good book, with some editing it would have been great.

26

Spoof Text
Spoof is a text which has an unexpected and funny ending. In other
word , spoof is a text which tells what happened in the past unpredictable
and funny ending.
A. Tujuan Komunikatif Teks (Communicative Purpose)
To tell an amusing story about someone or something
To retell an event with a humorous twist.
B. Struktur Teks (Text Structure)
Orientation : Orientation adalah bagian di mana penulis memulai
memperkenalkan cerita.

Events : Sedangkan pada bagian Events yaitu bagian di mana

penulis menceritakan kejadian-kejadian dalam cerita tersebut tetapi
kejadian yang diceritakan masih kejadian yang wajar.

Twist :

Dan

bagian

dari Spoof

adalah Twist. Twist merupakan

menceritakan

kebalikan

bagian

dari

Text yang
teks

terakhir

yang

kejadian-kejadian

mana

wajar

di

bagian Events. Twist merupakan bagian akhir dari Spoof Text yang
menceritakan

kejadian

akhir

lucu

dan

tidak

disangka-sangka

sebelumnya.

C. Ciri kebahasaan menggunakan:

Menggunakan Past Tense; was, were, did, etc.
Menggunakan kata kerja aksi (action verb); did, went, walked,

etc.
Menggunakan kata keterangan waktu dan kata keterangan

tempat.
Diceritakan secara kronologis.

27

D. Contoh Teks Spoof Text

Penguin in the Park

Once, a man was walking in a park when he came across a penguin. He took
him to a policeman and said, I have just found this penguin. What should I
do? The policeman replied, take him to the zoo The next day the policeman
saw the same in the same park, and the man was still carrying the penguin
with him.
The policeman was rather surprised and walked up to the man and asked.
Why are you still carrying that penguin about? Didnt you take t to the zoo?
I certainly did, replied the man. And it was a great idea because he really
enjoyed it, so today Im taking him to the movies, and the next day I'll take it

Orientation : Once a man was walking in a park when he come across a

penguin.
Event : He took him to a policeman and said, "I have just found this penguin.
What should I do?" The policeman replied, "take him to the zoo" The next day
the policeman saw the same man in the same park and the man still carrying
the penguin with him. The policeman was rather supriseed and walked up to
the man and asked "why are you still carrying that penguin about? Didn't you
take it to the zoo?"
Twist : "I certainly did" replied the man"And it was a great idea because he28

Anecdote Text
Social Function
To share with others an account of an unusual or amusing incident

Generic Structure Anecdote Text

1.Abstract
Pada bagian Abstract, biasanya penulis mulai mengenalkan kejadian ganjil
atau tidak biasa apa yang akan diceritakanya.
2.Orientation
Orientation di Anecdote Text juga menceritakan siapa, kapan, dan di mana
kejadian ganjil atau kejadian tidak biasa tersebut terjadi.
3. Crisis
Pada bagian ini menceritakan kejadian ganjil atau kejadian tidak biasa
tersebut terjadi. Penulis menceritakan kejadian tersebut dengan detail.
4. Reaction/ Incident

5.Coda
Struktur kebahasaan yang terakhir dari Anecdote Text yaitu Coda. Pada
bagian Coda, penulis menceritakan bagaimana subjek cerita (pelaku)
memecahkan masalahnya dan akhir dari kejadian ganjil atau tidak biasa
tersebut.
D. Ciri kebahasaan Anecdote Text

29

1. Menggunakan past tense (Waktu lampau), seperti: I found it last night.

2. Menggunakan rhetoric question (pertanyaan retorika), seperti: Do you
know what?
3. Menggunakan conjuction of time (kata sambung waktu), seperti: then,
afterward, etc.
4. Menggunakan action verb (kata kerja aksi), seperti: went, writed, etc.
5. Menggunakan imperative sentece (kalimat perintah), seperti: listen to
this.
6. Menggunakan exclamation sentence (kalimat seru), seperti: its awful,
its wonderful, etc.

E. Contoh Anecdote Text

Snake in the Bath

Abstract : How would you like to find a snake in your bath? A nasty one too!
Orientation : We had just moved into a new house, which had been empty
for so long that everything was in a terrible mess. Anna and I decided we
would clean the bath first, so we set to, and turned on the tap.
Crisis : Suddenly to my horror, a snakes head appeared in the plug-hole.
Then out slithered the rest of his long thin body. He twisted and turned on the
slippery bottom of the bath, spitting and hissing at us.
Reaction/Incident : For an instant I stood there quite paralysed. Then I
yelled for my husband, who luckily came running and killed the snake with the
handle of a broom. Anna, who was only three at the time, was quite interested
in the whole business. Indeed I had to pull her out of the way or shed
probably have leant over the bath to get a better look!

30