Project

Job ref

Exercise 10)
Part of structure

Sheet no

Small perimeter column

Drawing ref.

Calc by

see Ref

1/5
Date

KW

Checked

06/12/2010

Calculations

Ref

Date

Output

Exercise see Tutorial 7b):

The column (see Figure below) is subject to an axial load of 700 kN
the horizontal load due to wind actions on the overall structure is 3.0kN
The column is 350 mm square, 4000 mm long, measured from top of foundation
to centre of slab. It is supporting storage loads, in an external environment
(but not subject to de-icing salts) and is subject to a 1 hour fire resistance
requirement on three exposed sides. Assume the base spring and top is unbraced.

Exp. (4.1)

4.4.1.2(3)

1. Cover

cnom = cmin + cdev

where

cmin = max[cmin,b, cmin,dur]

where
cmin,b =

diameter of bar. Assume 32 mm main bars and 8 mm links

cmin,dur =

minimum cover due to environmental conditions. Assuming

primarily XC3 / XC4, secondarily XF1, cmin,dur = 25 mm

cdev = allowance in design for deviation

try cnom

= 10 mm

= 32 + 10 = 42 mm to main bars
or = 25 + 10 = 35 mm to 8 mm links (35+8 = 43mm to main bars)

Therefoere use Nominal cover, c nom

= 35 mm to 8 mm links

2. Fire resistance
IStructE
Table 5.15

and use conservative value of fi = 0.7

Fire resistance R 60

Therefore Min dim = 350 and a= 40mm

check on c nom:

43mm + 32mm/2 = 59 mm > 40 mm

OK

Effective depth d
d = 350mm - 59mm =

291 mm

say d =

290 mm

Project

Job ref

Exercise 10)
Part of structure

Sheet no

Small perimeter column

Drawing ref.

see Ref
Ref
BSEN 1992-1-1
6.4.5

Checked

Calculations
3. Design yield strength of reinforcement
fywd,ef = 250 + 0,25 d fywd
= 1.05 x 500 / 1.15 =

Table C.1

k = (ft/fy)k

for bars Steel grade A

1,05

Output

250 + 0.25 x 290 =

fywd = k x f yk / s

322.5 N/mm

therfore fywd,ef =

457 N/mm^2

4. Design value of concrete compressive strength

fck = 30N /mm2

Date

06/12/2010

KW

ANNEX C

2.4.2.4 (1)

2/5
Date

Calc by

322.5 N/mm2

C30/37

fcd = cc fck / c = 1 x 30/1.5 =

20

N/mm2

5. Imperfections of columns
Imperfections may be represented by an inclination, i, given by:
(5.1)

= 0hm

i = 0.005 x 1 x 1 = 0.005

where
0 is the basic value:

0 = 1/200 = 0.005

h is the reduction factor for length or height:

h = 2/ l

1/2

= 2 / 4m

1/2

=1

and

2/3 h 1

therefore

h = 1

l is the length or height [m]

m is the reduction factor for number of members:
m = (0,5(1+1/m))1/2 = (0,5(1+1/1)) 1/2 = 1
m = number of vertical members contributing to the total effect
Therefore flexebility of rotation restraint
minimum value of 0,1 is recommended for k

k = ( i / M) (E / l)

where:
Mz = Horizontal force x l = 3kN x 4m = 12kNm = 12 x 10^6Nmm
2

E = Ecm =

33000N/mm
3

I = 350mm x 350mm /12 = 125 x10^7 mm

k1 = (0.005 / 12 x 10^6) x (33000 x 125 x 10^7 /4000) =

therefore k1 = 4.3

k2 =

4.30 > 0.1

(no restrains)

Effective length for unbraced members (see Figure 5.7 (g)):

lo = l x max { (1+10 x 1)
5.2 (7)

1/2

= 11

1/2

= 3.32 ; (1 + 4.3/5.3) x (2) = 3.6}

lo = 4 x 3.6 = 14.4 m = 14400mm

e i = eccentricity due to imperfections
0.036m
ei

min

= h/30 but not less than 20 mm

e i = i l 0 /2 = 0.005 x 14.4 /2 =
350/30=12mm ei

min

= 20mm < 36mm

First order Moment

M02 = Mz + ei x Ned = 3 x 4 + 0.036 x 700 = 12 + 25.2 = 37.2

kNm

OK

Project

Job ref

Exercise 10)
Part of structure

Sheet no

Small perimeter column

Drawing ref.

Calc by

see Ref

KW

Checked

Output

Slenderness
Slenderness = lo/i where i = ( I/A)
i = Radius of gyration
= 14400mm / (125x 10^7/(350x350)) =
142.3
Slenderness limit , lim

5.8.3.1(1)
Exp. (5.13N)

0.5 = 20
lim

= 142

ABC /

where
(if ef

A = 1 / (1+ 0.2ef)

Here:

is not known A may be taken as 0.7)

ef = effective creep coefficient

where:

h0 = 2 x 350^2/(350x4) =
t0 = 28 days

therefore =
ef = x M0Ek/M0Ed

3.1.2 (6)
5.8.4(2)

Date

06/12/2010

Calculations

Ref
5.8.3.2

3/5
Date

A = 1 / (1+ 0.2ef) =

175

CEM 32,5 N = cement class S

2.4
2.4 x 1/1.5 =
1.6

1/(1+ 0.2 x 1.6) =

B = (1 + 2)^0.5 = 1.1

(if is not known B may be taken as 1.1)

Here: = (As/Ac)(fyd /fcd) =

(2945/(350^2) x (322.5/20) =

asume: 4No H16

As =
2945 mm
(1 + 2 x 0.39)^0.5 =

B = (1 + 2)^0.5 =

C = 1.7 rm

0.76

0.39

C = 1.7 0 = 1.7

where:
rm = M01 / M02 = 0 / M02

1.33

rm = 0

n = relative normal force = N Ed / Acfcd

1.70

n = 700 10 3 / (350 2 20) =

Therefore lim =
lim =

20 0.76 1.33 1.7 / 0.29 ^ 0.5) =

> lim

Therefore column is slender about z axis.

64

< 142
0.29

Second order moment

M2 = nominal 2nd order moment = Ned x e2
2

e 2 = 0.1x l 0 x [ Kr x K x ( fyd / (Es 0.45d))]

where:
5.8.8.2(3)
5.8.8. 3

See next page:

Kr = (nu n) / (nu n bal) 1.0
where

nu = 1 + =
n
nbal

(1.39 - 0.29) / (0.29 - 0.4)

1 + 0.39 =

0.4

Kr =

1.39

= NEd/Ac fcd = 700 x 10^3/ (350^2 x 20) =

=

1.11 > 1

0.29
1.0

Project

Job ref

Exercise 10)
Part of structure

Sheet no

Small perimeter column

Drawing ref.

Calc by

see Ref

4/5
Date

KW

Checked

06/12/2010

Calculations

Ref

Date

Output

K = 1 + ef 1

5.8.8.3

where

= 0.35 + (f ck/200) (/150)

K =

= 0.35 + (30/200) (142.3/150) =

1 +(-0.45) x 1.6 = 0.28 < 1.0

e2 =

0.1 x (14.4 x 10^3)^2 [1 x 1 x (322.5 / (205000 0.45 x 290))] =

M2 =

250 x 10^-3 x 700 =

-0.45
therefore use =

1.0
250 mm

175 kNm

Design Moment
Med = M02 + M2 =

K =

Design Axial force

37.2+ 175

212.2 kNm

Ned = 700 kN

Calculate As required by using Column charts

d/h = 290 mm / 350 mm =
2

Chart ItructE
Manual P.139

0.83

use chart for 0.80

M/bh fck =

212.2kNm x10^6 / (350mm x 350^2mm x 30N/mm2) =

0.16

N/ b h fck =

700kN x 10^3 / (350mm x 350mm x 30N/mm2) =

0.19

Therefore:

chart value = 0.4

2

As = 0.4 x b x h x fck / fyk = 0.1 x 350 x 350 x 30 / 500 =

2940 mm

Check minimum reinforcement!

Rules for detailing
Longitudinal reinforcement
As,min

maximum of (0.1NEd/fyd

; 0.002Ac)

As,min = 0.1 x 700x 10^3 / 323 = 216mm

Therefore As,req = 2940 mm2

0.002 x 350 = 245mm

Use: 6No H25

2
2945 mm

As prov. =

OK

Note: Do not use main reinforcement less than 16mm.

As,max

< 0.04 Ac < 0.04 x 350 = 4900 mm

> 2945 mm

Transversal reinforcement

OK

smax =

20 x 25 = 500mm

a) 20 times the diameter of the longitudinal bar or

smax =

< 350mm

b) the lesser dimension of the column or

smax =

400mm

c) 400 mm.

therfore smax = 350mm

6 H 25 (in each
direction) H8 links @
350 c/c
35mm cover to
link
No laps in column section

Note: As design moment is dominated by second order effects therefore bending around
both axes should be considered therefore use 6H25 in y and z direction.

Project

Job ref

Exercise 10)
Part of structure

Sheet no

Small perimeter column

Drawing ref.

see Ref

KW
Calculations

Ref

1
5

5/5
Date

Calc by

Checked

Date

06/12/2010
Output