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قياس الابعاد
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אKאאאא
א،١٨٠oאא
אאKאאאאאא
15-Fאאאאא
KE2
.אאא:(14-2)
.אא:(15-2)
- ٤٣ -
אא ١١٣
אא
E16-2Fאאאאא
אא אאאאא
.אאאא،אאא
Kאאא:(16-2)
אא 3-٤-٢
K1? אאא
K
אאא
אא אאא،א
אאK
אאא ،
א
אאא א א، אא אא
E17-2FK אא
Kאאאאא
- ٤٤ -
אא ١١٣
אא
אא4-4-2
א
אאאאאאאא
KE18-2Fא،
אא
אאא אאא
אאאאא،אא
Kאא
אאאWE18-2F
אאא אאאאא
Kאאאא אאא
א א א ،א א א א
،א א א א K
Kאאאאאאא
- ٤٥ -
אא ١١٣
אא
KEFEFאאאאאאאאא (1)
()ا
()ب
()د ()ج
אאאאאK
אא אא (2)
אאאאא
אאא א،37.25
Wאא
K 100EF
K 200EF
،5 = אאא א،(13-2)אא(3)
אא، 350 =אאאE α Fאאא
2
KאאאאאאKא120،180 =א
K10 = אאאאאא(3)א (4)
- ٤٦ -
אאא
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
אאאא
אאא
אאא
٣
אא ١١٣
אאא
אא
אאא
אא
אאאאאאאא
אא
Wאאא
אISOאא •
ISO, DINאאא •
אאאא •
אאאאא• א
אאא
K٪100אאא
אא
4
אא
אאאא
- ٤٧ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
1-3
، א א א א א א
א א אא Kא א א ،
Eא אFאEאאFאא
אאאא Kא
אא א אאא
אא KEאאאאאאF
אא אאא אאא
Kאאאאאאאא
א אא א אא א
אא א א א אא א א Kאא
אאאאאא
אאא אKא
א אא א א
،אאאאאK
אאאאEאFא
א א א K א
אאאאאאאא
Kא
(Tolerances) א2-3
1-2-3
אאאא
אא
.אE1-3Fא،
אא،(Hole)
א א W(Shaft)א
W
Kאא
KאאאאW( N )אא
- ٤٨ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
KאאאאאWE AoFאא
KאאאאאW( Au )אא
KאאאאאאWא
Kאאא،W( G )אא
G = N + A0
Kאא،WEK )אא
K = N + Au
KאאאWאאא
،
א א
،אאאW( I )אא
W
K ≤ I ≤G
אא
אאא
אאאW ( T ) אא
K
T =G− K
T = A0 − Au W
Wאאאאא
اﻟﺘﻔﺎوت اﻷﻋﻠﻰ
φ 25 +−00..009
004
G = N + A0
G = 25 + 0.009 = 25.009mm
K = N + Au
K = 25 + (−0.004) = 24.996mm
WEIFאא
24.996mm ≤ I ≤ 25.009mm
WETFאא
- ٤٩ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
T =G − K
T = 25.009 − 24.996 = 0.013mm
T = 0.009 − ( −0.004) = 0.013mm
אאאאא 2-2-3
א א
אאאא
אאאא
אאאאאKEµmFאאKE2-3F
א
אאא،אא אא
אK אאא
אאKKE2-3Fאאא
W
אאאא،אא J
Kאא
אא، אא J
Kאאאאאא
Kאאא،אאE
אא، אאE
Kאאאאאא
אאאא،אאE
Kאא
אאאא K, G, T, Au, AoאאW
K60ZENFאא،א(o)(a )
- ٥٠ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
WאEaFאא
G = N + A0
G = 60 + 0.024 = 60.024mm
K = N + Au
G = 60 + (−.005) = 59.995mm
T = G − K
T = 60.024 − 59.995 = 0.029mm
= 29µm
T = A0 − Au
T = 0.024 − (−0.005) = 0.029mm
= 29µm
אאאאאאאא
אאEFאא
،א
Kאאאא
אאאא א3-2-3
אאאאאאאא
אEFאאK א
EFKא אא
،אאK אאא
KE3-3Fאאא א
אא(w,q,o,l,I,W,Q,O,L,IFאא
K(za, zb, zc, ZA, ZB,ZCFאא
אאא
- ٥١ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
א
אא،ISOא
אא،10א(js, fg, ef, cd, JS, FG, EF, CD)
Kא28א
KאאאאאW(3-3)
אא
אאאא،אא
אא،0181אא،ISOא
אKאאאאא
١ אE אאF
אאKאאאאא٥٠٠
W
31
63
106
Kא1810
אאאאאE1-3)
אאאאKISOא180١
Kאאאאא אאאאא
،13אא ،h620Zא
א
KEh6Fא150Z25אא
- ٥٢ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
ISOאאאE2-3Fאאאא
K400٣א
- ٥٣ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
KISO :(1-3)
EFאא
ﻣﻦ 3 6 10 18 30 40 50 65 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 225 250 280 315 355
ﺣﺘﻰ 6 10 18 30 40 50 65 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 225 250 280 315 355 400
EFא
-20 - -25 - -32 - -40 - -50 -60 -72 -85 -100 -110 -125
e13
200 245 302 370 -440 -520 -612 -715 -820 -920 -1015
-10 -13 -16 -20 -25 -30 -36 -43 -50 -56 -62
f6
-18 -22 -27 -33 -41 -49 -58 -68 -79 -88 -98
-10 -13 -16 -20 -25 -30 -36 -43 -50 -56 -62
f7
-22 -28 -34 -41 -50 -60 -71 -83 -96 -108 -119
-4 -5 -6 -7 -9 -10 -12 -14 -15 -17 -18
g5
-9 -11 -14 -16 -20 -23 -27 -32 -35 -40 -43
-4 -5 -6 -7 -9 -10 -12 -14 -15 -17 -18
g6
-12 -14 -17 -20 -25 -29 -34 -39 -44 -49 -54
-4 -5 -6 -7 -9 -10 -12 -14 -15 -17 -18
g7
-16 -20 -24 -28 -34 -40 -47 -54 -61 -69 -75
-0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0
h5
-5 -6 -8 -9 -11 -13 -15 -18 -20 -23 -25
-0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0
h6
-8 -9 -11 -13 -16 -19 -22 -25 -29 -32 -36
-0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0
h7
-12 -15 -18 -21 -25 -30 -35 -40 -46 -52 -57
-0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0
h8
-18 -22 -27 -33 -39 -46 -54 -63 -72 -81 -89
-0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0
h10
-48 -58 -70 -84 -100 -120 -140 -160 -185 -210 -230
-0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0
h11
-75 -90 -110 -130 -160 -190 -220 -250 -290 -320 -360
+6 +7 +8 +9 +11 +12 +13 +14 +16 +16 +18
j6
-2 -2 -3 -4 -5 -7 -9 -11 -13 -16 -18
+4 +4.5 +5.5 +6.5 +8 +9.5 +11 +12.5 +14.5 +16 +18
js6
-4 -4.5 -5.5 -6.5 -8 -9.5 -11 -12.5 -14.5 -16 -18
+6 +7 +9 +11 +13 +15 +18 +21 +24 +27 +29
k5
+1 +1 +1 +2 +2 +2 +3 +3 +4 +4 +4
+16 +21 +25 +29 +34 +41 +48 +55 +63 +72 +78
m7
+4 +6 +7 +8 +9 +11 +13 +15 +17 +20 +21
+13 +16 +20 +24 +28 +33 +38 +45 +51 +57 +62
n5
+8 +10 +12 +15 +17 +20 +23 +27 +31 +34 +37
+20 +24 +29 +35 +42 +51 +59 +68 +79 +88 +98
p6
+12 +15 +18 +22 +26 +32 +37 +43 +50 +56 +62
+23 +28 +34 +41 +50 +60 +62 +73 +76 +88 +90 +93 +106 +109 +113 +126 +130 +144 +150
r6
+15 +19 +23 +28 +34 +41 +43 +51 +54 +63 +65 +68 +77 +80 +84 +94 +98 +108 +114
אאאא אאאא
אאאאאא א
א(g6, h6, f7) EF(4-3)K א
א،EF (4-3) אאאKאא
(F7, H13, H7)אא
.אאאאאא
KISO :(2-3)
- ٥٤ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
EFאא
3 6 10 18 30 40 50 65 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 225 250 280 315 355
6 10 18 30 40 50 65 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 225 250 280 315 355 400
EFא
+200 +245 +302 +370 +440 +520 +612 +715 +820 +920 +1 015
E13
+20 +25 +32 +40 +50 + 60 +72 +85 +100 +110 +125
+18 +22 +27 +33 +41 +49 +58 +68 +79 +88 +98
F6
+10 +13 +16 +20 +2 + 30 +36 43 +50 +56 +62
+22 +28 +34 +41 +50 +60 +71 +83 +96 +108 +119
F7
+10 +13 +16 +20 +25 + 30 +36 43 +50 +56 +62
+28 +35 +43 +53 +64 +76 +90 +106 +122 +137 +151
F8
+10 +13 +16 +20 +25 + 30 +36 43 +50 +56 +62
+16 +20 +24 +28 +34 +40 +47 +54 +61 +69 +75
G7
+4 +5 +6 +7 +9 +10 + 12 +14 +15 +17 +18
+22 +27 +33 +40 +48 +56 +66 +77 +87 +98 +107
G8
+4 +5 +6 +7 +9 +10 + 12 +14 +15 +17 +18
+8 +9 +11 +13 +16 +19 +22 +25 +29 +32 +36
H6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+12 +15 +18 +21 +25 +30 +35 +40 +46 +52 +57
H7
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+18 +22 +27 +33 +39 +46 +54 +63 +72 +81 +89
H8
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+30 +36 +43 +52 +62 +74 +87 +100 +115 +130 +140
H9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+48 +58 +70 +84 +100 +120 +140 +160 +185 +210 +230
H10
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+75 +90 +110 +130 +160 +190 +220 +250 +290 +320 +360
H11
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+5 +5 +6 +8 +10 +13 +16 +18 +22 +25 +29
J6
-3 -4 -5 -5 -6 -6 -6 -7 -7 -7 -7
+6 +7.5 +9 +10.5 +12.5 +15 +17.5 +20 +23 +26 +28.5
JS7
-6 -7.5 -9 -10.5 -12.5 -15 -17.5 -20 -23 -26 -28.5
+3 +5 +6 +6 +7 +9 +10 +12 +13 +16 +17
K7
-9 -10 -12 -15 -18 -21 -25 -28 -33 -36 -40
+2 +1 +2 +4 +5 +5 +6 +8 +9 +9 +11
M8
-16 -21 -25 -29 -34 -41 -48 -55 -63 -72 -78
-4 -4 -5 -7 -8 -9 -10 -12 -14 -14 -16
N7
-16 -19 -23 -28 -33 -39 -45 -52 -60 -66 -73
-12 -15 -18 -22 -26 -32 -37 -43 -50 -56 -62
P8
-30 -37 -45 -55 -65 -78 -91 -106 -122 -137 -151
-
-12 -16 -20 -24 -29 -35 -37 -44 -47 -56 -58 -61 -68 -71 -75 -85 -89 -97 103
R6
-20 -25 -31 -37 -45 -54 -56 -66 -69 -81 -83 -86 -97 -100 -104 -117 -121 -133 -
139
- ٥٥ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
(Fits) אא3-3
אא אאא
א א א א א אא Kאא
א K א א א
אFאאאא EF
א אאKEאא
א א א אא אא Kא א
،אאK(Hole)א(Shaft)אאא
אKאאאאא،אאאאא
א א א א אא אא
א אא אא ،א
אEאFאאאא Kא
30 =אאא φ 30 H9/f5Kא
אאאWא אאKf5א H9א
K،אאאאאאא
א א EKHF א א א א WECk) א א
KEGsFא
C k = K H − G S
WאETfFאאאא
T f = Gg − C K
Kאאא:(5-3)
- ٥٧ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
אאאEKsFאאאאWEUk)אאא
KEGH)
U k = K S − GH
KאאאאW(6-3)
Kאאא:(7-3)
W
KאאאאCk Cg אφ30H7/g5אא
א
W(2-3)(1-3)
A0 = 24 µm , Au = 0 W
- ٥٨ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
א ،א אא א אא א
،א א Kא א א אא
Wאאאא
G = N + A0
GH = 50 + 0.025 = 50.025mm
K = N + Au
K H = 50 + 0 = 50.0mm
GS = 50 + (−0.009) = 49.991mm
K S = 50 + (−0.025) = 49.975mm
C g = GH − K S
= 50.025 − 49.975 = 0.050mm
C K = GS − K H
= 50 − 49.991 = 0.009mm
WאETfFאאאא
T f = Gg − C K
= 0.05 − 0.009 = 0.041mm
אKאאא אאאא
אאאאא אאאא
אאאאא
אאאKאא
Kאאאא
א 1-3-3
אא א hאאאא
אא Eא א F א אא א
WE8-3FKאאאא
א HAhא
אא NJhא
אא ZCPhא
- ٥٩ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
Kא W(8-3)
אא א א א א א
א א א א E9-3F א Kא א
אא
Kא
Kא : (9-3)
א 2-3-3
، (10-3)، H אאא
Wאאאאאאא
א haHא
אא njHא
אא zcpHא
- ٦٠ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
Kא W(10-3)
א אא א א א א אא
אאא E11-3FאKאא
אא אאא ،אא
Kאא
. اﻟﺜﻘﺐ W(11-3)
א אא ،א א א א
E3-3FKאאאא،א
Kאאאאאאא
- ٦١ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
KאאאאאWE3-3F
אאאא אISOאE4-3F
KאאאאאאאKאא
EאFאISOאWE٤J ٣F
- ٦٢ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
א
א
א
א
EFא EFא
EFא EF EFא EF
ﻣﻦ إﻟﻰ H7 k6 H7 n6 Over To H7 k6 H7 n6
+10 +6 +10 +10 +40 +28 +40 +52
0 3 140 160
+0 +0 +0 +4 +0 +3 +0 +27
+12 +9 +12 +16 +40 +28 +40 +52
3 6 160 180
+0 +1 +0 +8 +0 +3 +0 +27
+15 +10 +15 +19 +46 +33 +46 +60
6 10 180 200
+0 +1 +0 +10 +0 +4 +0 +31
+18 +12 +18 +23 +46 +33 +46 +60
10 18 200 225
+0 +1 +0 +12 +0 +4 +0 +31
+21 +15 +21 +28 +46 +33 +46 +60
18 30 225 250
+0 +2 +0 +15 +0 +4 +0 +31
+25 +18 +25 +33 +52 +36 +52 +66
30 40 250 280
+0 +2 +0 +17 +0 +4 +0 +34
+25 +18 +25 +33 +52 +36 +52 +66
40 50 280 315
+0 +2 +0 +17 +0 +4 +0 +34
+30 +21 +30 +39 +57 +40 +57 +73
50 65 315 355
+0 +2 +0 +20 +0 +4 +0 +37
+30 +21 +30 +39 +57 +40 +57 +73
65 80 355 400
+0 +2 +0 +20 +0 +4 +0 +37
+35 +25 +35 +45 +63 +45 +63 +80
80 100 400 450
+0 +3 +0 +23 +0 +5 +0 +40
+35 +25 +35 +45 +63 +45 +63 +80
100 120 450 500
+0 +3 +0 +23 +0 +5 +0 +40
،אאא אא
K אא א،א
א
אאDIN ISO 2768אאאK
KE5-3Fא
- ٦٣ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
א
א
א
א
אאאא W(12-3)
- ٦٤ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
אאאאאא
א א Kא א ،E13-3F א ،א
Kאא
אא אא
א،אאאא
F (Single End) א،EEFE15-3FF(Double End)אאא
אEEFE15-3FFEAdjustableFאא،EEFE15-3F
،אאא
אאK
אא אאא،א
KאEE16-3FF
- ٦٥ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
K אWE16-3F
אאאא،אאא
K א،אE17-3F
Kאאאא،א
Kאאא WE17 -3F
- ٦٦ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
א
אא אא אאאאF
EKאא
- ٦٧ -
אא ١١٣
אאא
Kאא אאE٥F
- ٦٨ -
אאא
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
אאאא
א
א
٤
אאא ١١٣
א
אאא
א
אא
אאאא
אא
Wאאא
א •
אא• א
אאאא •
אא• א
אאא
K٪100אאא
אא
4
אא
אאאא
- ٦٩ -
אאא ١١٣
א
1-4
א
،אאא אא
אאאאא
אאא אאK א
אאKא
אאאאאאאK אא
Kאאא،אאאאא
א אא
אא K אאאא
،(1-4F،אא
،
K אאאא א
א אאאאאאא
Kא
KאאW(1- 4)
אאא 2-4
אאאא אאא
אאאאאאא
W(2-4)אאאאאאא
אאאאאא
אאWא EF
אאKEF(2-4)،אאא
א، אאאאא
- ٧٠ -
אאא ١١٣
א
א،אאא
Kאא
EF אאJ אאEF
EF EF
EFEFאאEF
KאאאאאWE2-4F
אאא אאא אEF(2-4)WאEF
K א، אאאאא، א
K0.05،0.02א25،1אא
،אאאאאWאEF
EF(2-4)K אאא
Kא
א،EF(2-4)אאW אEF
Kאאאאאא
- ٧١ -
אאא ١١٣
א
אאאאאאאאא
،אאא
KEEF2-4F
،אא(Surface Roughness)א
K0.012،0.000025א0.25،0.005א،א
א،אאE אאFאאא
Kאא
א 3-4
א،א
אא אאאK א
WאKאאאא
(Ra)א א1-3-4
אK
אאאאאא
א
א
אK אE(3-4)Fא
אא
W،(N) (rn)אא
1 N
Ra = ∑ rn
N n=1
KRaאאW(3- 4)
- ٧٢ -
אאא ١١٣
א
(Rt)א2-3-4
אא Kא
אאאאא
אאאא،אא
KאאאK
(Rp)EאאFא3-3-4
אאאאK
אאאאאאא
،אאאאK אאא
א אאאאאאאאא
K
(Rv)אא4-3-4
(4-4)אK
אאאאאאא
Wאאא Rt, Rp, Rvא
Rt = R p + Rv
KRpאRtאW(4- 4)
(Rz)אא5-3-4
( p1 , p 2 , p3 , p 4 , p 5 ) ((5- 4)Fאא
א
(5-4) ISOאK אא (v1 , v 2 , v3 , v 4 , v5 )אא
W
( p1 + p 2 + p 3 + p 4 + p 5 ) − (v1 + v 2 + v 3 + v 4 + v 5 )
Rz =
5
- ٧٣ -
אאא ١١٣
א
KRzאאW(5- 4)
(Rq)אאאא6-3-4
אאK
אאאא
: RqאאKאאא
1 N
Rq =
N
∑r
n =1
n
2
Kא : N
Kאאא :rn
،אאאאא
א
אK א
Kאאאא
W
Wא١٨אאאאא
١٨ ١٧ ١٦ ١٥ ١٤ ١٣ ١٢ ١١ ١٠ ٩ ٨ ٧ ٦ ٥ ٤ ٣ ٢ ١
א
١١ ١ ٣ ٨ ١٣ ٢٢ ١١ ١٩ ١٥ ١٣ ٣ ٩ ١٥ ١٧ ١٩ ٢٧ ١٩ ٧ אא
(µm)
.Rt, Rz, Ra, Rqאא
- ٧٤ -
אאא ١١٣
א
Wא
W Rtא(4- 4)
Rt = p1 − v1
= 27 − 1 = 26 µm
Wאא،Rq, Ra, Rz
א
( p1 + p 2 + p 3 + p 4 + p 5 ) − (v1 + v 2 + v 3 + v 4 + v 5 )
Rz =
5
(27 + 22 + 19 + 19 + 19) − (1 + 3 + 3 + 7 + 8)
Rz = = 16.8 µm
5
1 N
R a =
N
∑
n =1
rn
(7 + 19 + 27 + 19 + 17 + 15 + 9 + 3 + 13 + 15 + 19 + 11 + 22 + 13 + 8 + 3 + 1 + 11)
Ra = = 12.89 µm
5
1 N
Rq =
N
∑r
n =1
n
2
(7 2 + 19 2 + 27 2 + .......... + 3 2 + 12 + 112
Rq = = 14.58 µm
....
18
א4-4
אא א
K אאא אא،א
،Fא
Kאא א
EKKKK، ،
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אאאW
1- Technology Of Machine Tools, Steve F. Krar & J. William Oswald, McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company , Fourth Edition , 1991.
2- Machine Tool Practices, Jon E. Neely & Roland O. Meyer & Warren T. White , John
Wiley & Sons ,Inc., 2nd Edition , 1982
3- Experimental Methods for Engineers, J.P. Holman, Sixth Edition, 1994
4- Quality Control, Dale H. Besterfield, Prentice Hall, Fourth Edition, 1996
5- Catalogue, Starrett Company,U.S.A. ,1998
6- Catalog, Measuring Instruments, Mitutoyo Company, Japan ,1998
7- Catalog, Dimensional Metrology , Mahr Company, Germany.
8- Catalogue, Measuring Instruments, Mauser Company, Germany.
9- Catalogue, The Innovative Measurement Experts, Time Technology Europe, 2001
10- Catalogue, TESA, geräte und Systeme für Quälitatssicherung, Sweden, 1990
11- Including Geometric Feature Variations in Tolerance Analysis of Mechanical
Assemblies, Kenneth W. Chase, Jinsong Gao, Spencer P. Magleby, Carl D.Sorensen
12- Catalogue, Fowler, Tool-A- Thon, internet Site, 2002
13- Surface Metrology guide Home, Internet Site, www.predev.com
14- ISO Hole and Shaft limits, Internet Site
15- Machining & Metrology Unit – Handout, Internet Site
- ١٢١ -
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א ١١٣
٨٤ ----------------------------------------------- אאWאא
٨٥ ------------------------------------------------------------------ 1-5
٨٦ ---------------------------------------------- אאא 2-5
٨٨ -------------------------------------- אא 3-5
٩١ --------------------------------------------------- א 4-5
٩٤ ---------------------------------------------------------- אWאא
٩٥ ---------------------------------------------------------------1-6
٩٦ ---------------------------------------------------- 2-6
٩٨ ------------------------------------- אא 3-6
١٠٠ ------------------------------------------------- אא 4-6
١٠٩ ------------------------------------------------- אWאא
١١٠ ---------------------------------------------------------------- 1-7
١١٠ ----------------------------------------------------- 2-7
١١٢ ----------------------------------------------------- א 3-7
١١٧ ---------------------------------------------------- אא 4-7
١١٨ -----------------------------------------------------אא 5-7
١٢١ ----------------------------------------------------------- אא
אאאאאא
אEאFאא