Pseudospherical Surfaces and Evolution Equations in Higher Dimensions

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology
Volume No.4 Issue No.3, pp: 165-171
(ISSN : 2277-1581)
01 March. 2015
Pseudospherical Surfaces and Evolution Equations in Higher Dimensions

M.F. El-Sabbagh , K.R. Abdo*
Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Egypt.
*Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science ,fayoum University.
Corresponding Email :* khadegareda2011@yahoo.com
Abstract : In this paper, the study of evolution equations with
two independent variables which are related to pseudospherical
surfaces in R3, is extended to evolution equations with more
than two independent variables. Equations of the type

= (, , . . ,
, , ,
)

are studied and characterized. Some features and results on
properties of these equations are given via this study.
Keywords-Evolutionequations,Pseudospherical
surfaces,Riemannian manifold andSolitons.
I. Introduction
The studyof non-linear evolution equations has been closely
related to the study of soliton phenomena. In particular, many
non-linear evolution equations of one spatial variable plus the
time variable,which admit.soliton solutions, have been
extensively studied in the last two decades or so [v,ii]. Many
interesting Features of solitons, accordingly to evolution
equations which admit, these soliton solutions, have been
disclosed, [xi-vi,x,ii].On the contrary, for the higher dimensional
case, the studies of solitons arc less developed and remain one of
the interesting, and challenging, present and future research
subjects, [vi,i]. This is also, the case for non-linear evolution
equations with two or more spatial variables plus the time
variable, [iv,xiii,xiv].However, one of main geometrical
techniques, motivated in part, by Sasaki [x],EISabbagh[vi],Chern and Tenenblat[xii],is the notion of a
differential equation which describes a pseudo spherical
surface(P.S.S).With this concept,a systematic procedure has
begun to obtain linear systems associated to the non-linear
differential equations as well. These linear systems are essential
in order to apply the inverse scattering method to obtain
solutions of the non-linear differential equation, [viii,ix].
In this paper, we shall extend the notion of P.S.P to higher
dimensions i.e. 3-dim plane of constant sectional curvature-1
imbedded in R5. Conditions for equations of the type
k u
k u
uxt = (u, ux , uxx , . . , k , uy , uyy , , k )
x
y
To describe a two-parameter 3-dim P.S.P, will .be given in
section III. While, in section II, we give basic notations and
definitions as well as necessary preliminaries.
II. Basic notations and Preliminaries
Let M be an n-dimensional Riemannian manifold with
constant curvature, isometric cally immersed in M 2n1 with
constant curvature ,withK<. Let e1 , e2 , . . . , e2n1 be a moving
orthonormal frame on an open set of M,so that at points
IJSET@2015
ofM,e1 , e2 , . . . , en are tangents to M.Let A be the dual

orthonormal coframe and consider AB defined by
AB eB
deA =
B
The structure equations of Mare

B BA , AB + BA = 0
dA =
2.1
AC CB KA B with1 A, B, C
dAB =
C
2n 1
2.2
Restricting these forms to M we have = 0 ,so (2.1) gives
with n + 1 , , 2n 1 and 1 I , J, L n,
I I
d =
I
=0
2.3
J JI
dI =
2.4
from (2.2) we obtain, Gauss equation

IL LJ +
dIJ =
I J KI J
2.5
and Codazzi equation

IA A
dI =
2.6
Mhas constant sectional curvature K if and only if

IJ = dIJ
IL LJ = I J
2.7
I J = K K I J
2.8
Also, equation (2.2) implies that

+
d =
I I
With =
I
The forms give the normal curvature of M and I =

2
I (I ) is its first fundamental form.
For our purpose in this paper, we write these equations when
M is taken to be R5 and M is a 3-dimensional submanifold with
constant sectional curvature K = 1(i.e. pseudo spherical 3plane in R5 ).
The equations take the forms
d1 = 4 2 + 5 3
d2 = 4 1 + 6 3
d3 = 5 1 6 2
2.9
d4 = 1 2
d5 = 1 3
d6 = 2 3
where we have written
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(ISSN : 2277-1581)
01 March. 2015
4 = 12 5 = 13, and
6 = 23 with
ij = ji , i, j = 1,2,3 , ii = 0
We shall recall here the definition of a differential equation
to describe a pseudospherical surface, introduced in [xii] and
modify it in order to suit our purposes here.
Definition 1.A differential equation E-for a real function
u x , y, t describes a 3-dimensional pseudospherical plane in
R5 (simply p.s.p.) if it is the necessary and sufficient condition
for the existence of differentiable functions i , 1
6and1 i 3, depending on u and its derivatives, such that the
1-forms
= 1 + 2 + 3 2.10
satisfy the structure equations of a 3-plane of constant sectional
curvature 1 in R5 i.e. equations (2.9).
Definition 2.We shall define such 3-dimensional P.S.P to be
a two-parameters 3-dimensional P.S.P f31 = f41 = and f22 =
f42 = , with and constant parameters. In Fact, one can see
that when u(x, y, t) is a generic solution of E, it provides a metric
defined on an open subset of R3, whose sectional curvature is -1
2
and the lengths of the vector fields
and
satisfy
2 ,
, , =( , , , 0 , , , 1 , , , ,
, , , 1 , , , , , , )
(3.4)
defines an integral manifold of Conversely, any 3-dimensional
integral manifold of given by
, ,
= , , , , , , , , , 0 , , , , , ,
with , and are linearly independent, determines a. local
solution of equation (3.1).
Proof:
It is easy to show that is a closed differential ideal, where
= +1
, = +1
= 0
,
= and also
= 0 0 1 1 . .
1 1

From equation (3.3) we have
= 0 0 1 1
1 1
then
x
y
x
Also, suppose (, , ) is a solution of (1.1) we need to
2
2
.
show that for defined by (3.4), we have = 0, where is
y
the pullback map of . From the definition of one can easily
k u
k u
III. Equations of type uxt = (u, ux , , k , uy , , k )
see that
x
y
k = 0 , = 0
To study equation (1.1).we first write
i = 0 , i = 0 then I = 0
k u
z0 = u, z1 = ux , z2 = uxx , , zk = k and
Conversely,sectioning these forms in ,onecan show that the
x
k u
map
z1 = uy , z2 = uyy , . . , zk = k thus
equation(1.1)
y
: , ,
becomes
((, , ), (, , ), (, , ), 0 (, , ), , (, , ))
1,
is a solution of equation (3.1). i.e. if this map is an integral
= 0 , 1 , . , , 1 , ,
(3.1) manifold of such that 0, then we locally have
We shall consider equation (3.1) with the following
(, , ) = (, , ).
assumptions
Taking as = we get = = 0
, = , = 0
, = = 0
, = , = 0
(3.2) Similarly = 0 = 0 so we can write
0, = 0 2 , 1
+1 = 0,
0 1
where the comma denotes partial differentiation with
+1 = 0
1 1
respect to the shown variable. Now consider the following ideal
and 1, + (, , , 0 , 1 , , , 1 , , )
of forms on the space of variables
= 0
, , , 0 , 1 , . . , , 1 , 2 , , :
= +1 ,
0 1
= +1 ,
0 1
(3.3)
= + k
=
Note that assumptions (3.2) mean that has no () terms.
Now, if we apply Cartan-Kahler theory, [xii] for equation (3.1)
and using the notation above we can obtain the following result
which relates solutions of the differential equation (1.1) with
integral manifolds of the ideal formed by the forms in (3.3).
Proposition 3.1
The ideal I is a closed differential ideal. Moreover, if
(, , ) is a solution of equation (1.1), then with the given
notations, the map
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So,with
0 = , 1 = , , =
, 1 = , , , =
the function ( , , ) is a solution of equation (1.1).

Now to characterize equation (1.1), we first give the following
result:
LEMMA 3.1
Let 1, = (0 , 1 , , , 1 , , ),be a differential
equation which describe an (, ) 3-dirnensional P.S.P with the
associated 1-forms = 1 + 2 + 3 , = 1,2, . . . ,6
where and are real differentiable (C) functions defined on
an open connected subset ++1 with no explicit
dependence on , and .Then
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11, = 12, = 21, = 22, = 51,
= 52, = 61, = 62, = 0 1
11, = 13, = 21, = 23, = 33, = 43,
33,
= 22 21 + 51 + 52
11,1 +
=0
61,1 +
= 23 43 22 + 52 33 53
(3.8)
+1 22,
=0
= 11 12 + 61
62
(3.9)
21,1 +
+1 23, = 11 43 13 + 61 33
=0
63
(3.10)
1
22,1 +
+1 23, = 12 43 13 + 62 33
=0
63
11 52 12 51 = 22 61 21 62
(3.11)
(3.12)
=0
=0
(3.13)
11, +
=0
(3.14)
(3.15)
+1 43,
12, +
=0
= 12 23 13 22
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21, +
=0
(3.17)
13,
=0
(3.8) by simple calculations and by using equations (3.24)

In similarway by using assumptions (3.2) and (3.5) we have the
1-forms satisfy the structure equations (2.9) then
(3.16)
+1 43,
13, +
=0
= 22 21 + 51 52
+ 23 43 21 + 51 33 53
+ 23 43 22 + 52 33 53 ()
From the above equation we can obtain equation(3.6),(3.7) and
=0
= 11 23 13 21
=0
=0
12,
=0
+1 33, = 12 53 13 52 + 22 63
(3.22)
+1 63,
11, +
+1 33, = 11 53 13 51 + 21 63
23 61
= 21 33 23
= 22 33 23
(3.23)
with the assumptions (3.2).
Proof:
In the space of variables , , , 0 , 1 , , , 1 , ,
we consider the ideal generated by , , , and defined
by equations (3.3) with given by equation(3.1) It follows from
proposition (3.1) that = = = = 0,when restricted to
each integral manifold of .
Hence, for 0 , 1 , . , , 1 , , satisfying (3.1), we
have
= +1 ,
= 0,1, . . , 1
= +1 ,
= 0,1, . . , 1 (3.24)
= 0
At the beginning by using assumptions (3.2) and (3.5) we have
The 1-forms satisfy the structure equations (2.9) therefore,
23 62
11 22 12 21
= 0
(3.21)
+1 63,
=0
+1 21, +
= 21 32 22 31
62,1 +
+1 13,
=0
+1 62,
(3.7)
=0
(3.20)
=0
= 23 43 21 + 51 33 53
+1 61, +
+1 13,
1
+1 53,
=0
(3.6)
(3.19)
=0
12,1 +
= 11 33 13
= 12 33 13
=0
1
+1 53,
+1 12,
(3.18)
=0
=0
= 11 12
52,1 +
In U, and
=0
=0
2
2
2
+52,
+ 61,
+ 62,
0
1
1
1
+1 11, +
+1 52,
51,1 +
(3.5)
2
2
2
2
2
11,
+ 12,
+ 21,
+ 22,
+ 51,
1
1
1
1
1
+1 51, +
1
12, = 13, = 22, = 23, = 33, = 43, =

52, = 53, = 62, = 63, = 0
33, 1 = 43, 1 = 0
=0
= 51, = 53, = 61, = 63, = 0

= 43, = 0
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01 March. 2015
21, +
=0
22, +
=0
22,
=0
23, +
=0
23,
=0
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= 12 + 11 + 61 62
+ 13 + 43 11 + 61 33 63
+ 13 + 43 12 + 62 33 63
()
From the above equation we can obtain equation(3.9),(3.10)
and (3.11) by simple calculations and by using equations (3.24)
In similarway by using assumptions (3.2) and (3.5) we have the
31, +
=0
31, +
=0
32, +
=0
32,
=0
33, +
33,
=0
=0
= 51 12 + 52 11 61 22 + 62 21
+ 52 13 + 53 12 62 23 + 22 63

+ 51 13 + 53 11 61 23 63 21 ()
From
the
above
equation we
can
obtain
equation(3.12),(3.13) and (3.14) by simple calculations and by
using equations (3.24)
Similarly by using assumptions (3.2) and (3.5) we have the
1-forms satisfy the structure equations (2.9)then
41, +
=0
41, +
=0
42, +
=0
42,
=0
43, +
=0
43,
=0
= 11 22 12 21 + 12 23 13 22
+ 11 23 13 21 ()
Similarly by using assumptions (3.2) and (3.5) we have the
1-forms satisfy the structure equations (2.9)then
51, +
=0
=0
52, +
52,
=0
=0
53, +
=0
53,
=0
= 11 32 12 31 + 12 33 13 32
+ 11 33 13 31
()
From the above equation()we can obtain equation(3.18),(3.19)
Finally by using assumptions (3.2) and (3.5) we have the
61, +
=0
61, +
62, +
=0
=0
=0
63,
=0
1 1
1 1
1 1
2
2
2 = 61,z
21,z
1
1
1 =
+1 33, ,
=0
+1 43,
(3.26)
=0
Also, we consider the following

1 = 12 52,z 1 52 12,z 1 , 2 = 22 62,z 1 62 22,z 1
1 = 12 12,z 1 52 52,z 1 , 2 = 22 22,z 1 62 62,z 1
1 = 12,z 52,z
1
1 z1
52,z 12,z
1
1 z1
, 2 = 22,z 62,z
2
2
1 = 52,z
12,z
1
1
1 z1
62,z 22,z
1
(3.27)
1 z1
2
2
2 = 62,z
22,z
1
1
And
2
1 =
+1 33,
=0
2
+1 43,
(3.28)
=0
Moreover whenever 1 0 , 2 0 , 1 0and 2 0 , we

define and respectively as follows: 1 = 0
1
+1
+1
+ 33, +1 1 + 2 + 43, +1 1 + 2
=0
+1
2 1,1 + 1
+1
2 2,1 + 2
2
1 2 1
1 1 +1
1
+
2 2 2
2 2 +1
Where 1 2 and 1 = 0
+
63, +
1 1
and
62,
= 21 32 22 31 + 22 33 23 32
+ 21 33 23 31
()
Now by taking the derivative of equations (3.13) and
(3.16), and the derivative of equations (3.14) and (3.17), we
IJSET@2015
2
2
1 = 51,z
11,z
1
1
=0
obtain
by
using
equations
(3.5),33, 1 43, 1 0; 33, 1 43, 1 = 0
Hence we have obtained the relations (3.5) and relations
from
(3.6)(3.23).Finally,
we
observe
that
if51,1 , 52,1 , 61,1 and62,1
vanish simultaneously, then the equation(3.1)cannot be the
necessary and sufficient condition forto satisfy the structure
equations (2.9)
for a 3-dimensional P.S.P.This completes the proof of the
lemma.
Now, based on the above lemma, we will try to formulate the
following in a simple form. So, we introduce these notations
1 = 11 51,z 1 51 11,z 1 ,
2 = 21 61,z 1 61 21,z 1
1 = 11 11,z 1 51 51,z 1
,
2 = 21 21,z 1 61 61,z 1
1 = 11,z 51,z z 51,z 11,z z , 2 = 21,z 61,z z 61,z 21,z z (3.25)
51, +
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01 March. 2015
3.29
+1
+1
=0
+ 33,
+ 43,
+
+1
1 + 2
1 + 2
+1
+1
2 1,
1
+1
+
2 2, + 2
1
2
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1
1 2 1
1 1 +1
1
+ 2 2 2 2
3.30
+1
2
Where 1 2 .Thus we have this theorem
Theorem 3.1
Let 1 , 2 and 3 ,1 6 be differentiable functions of
0 , 1 , 1 , , , such that the relations (3.5) hold and
31 = 41 = , 32 = 42 = two non zero parameters. Suppose
1 1 0 , 2 2 0 , 1 1 0 and 2 2 0.Then the equation
1, = (0 , 1 , 1 , . , , )describes a two-parameters 3dimensional P.S.P with associated 1-forms
= 1 + 2 + 3 ,
1 6
If and only if the function is given by
+
1
1
=( + )+
1 2
+1 1
=0
1
+1 1
1
1
2
2
2 + 51
11
1 1
11 33
1
11
13 =
+
+1
=0
=0
(3.35)
Remark :It is noted that by similar construction, one may obtain

12 33
1
12
13 =
+
+1 + 52,1 1
=0
1 52,1 12
43 22 23 + 23 62 52,1
1
53 =
2
+1
=0
=0
+1 + 51,1 1
(3.32)
+1 + 11,1 1
=0
+1 + 61,1 1
=0
(3.33)
(3.37)
+1 + 62,1 1
=0
1 62,1 f22
13 12 43 + 13 52 62,1
2
12 53 62,1
62 33
1
62
63 =
+
(3.38)
+1 + 22,1 1
=0
1 62,1 62
13 12 43 + 13 52 22,1
2
12 53 22,1
+1 + 12,1 1
1 52,1 52
43 22 23 + 23 62 12,1
1
22 33
1
22
23 =
+
=0
21 63 11,1
52 33
1
52
+
(3.36)
22 63 12,1
1 51,1 51
+
43 21 23 + 23 61 11,1
1
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+1 + 21,1 1
11 53 21,1
+1
21 63 51,1
21 33
1
21
23 =
+
22 63 52,1
1 51,1 11
+
43 21 23 + 23 61 51,1
1
51 33
1
51
+
(3.34)
1 61,1 61
+
13 11 43 + 13 51 21,1
2
1
2
2
2
+ 2
+ 62
22
+1
2 2
=0
1
1
+
+ 1 +
+ 2
1 1 2 1
2 2 2 2
1
+ 2 1 + 1
1 1
1
33
33
+ 2 2 + 2 + 22
+ 22
( 3.31)
2 2
Moreover
53 =
61 33
1
61
63 =
+
1
2
2
2
+
2 + 61
21
2 2
1
1
2
2
+ 2
+ 52
12
1 1
1 61,1 21
13 11 43 + 51 61,1
2
11 53 61,1
=0
1
1
+( + )
1 2
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01 March. 2015
(3.39)
Thus we have the following result:

Corollary 3.2
If are as in theorem(3.1)then following equations hold: R.H.S
of eqn(3.32)=R.H.S of(3.36),R.H.S of eqn(3.33)=R.H.S of
(3.37),R.H.S of eqn (3.34) = R.H.S of(3.38), R.H.S of eqn(3.35)
=R.H.S of (3.39).
Proof of Theorem (3.1)
Suppose that equation(3.1)describes as(, )3-dimensional
P.S.P
in5 then
it
follows
from
lemma(3.1)that
equations(3.5)andequations(3.6)-(3.23)are
satisfied
2
2
2
2
where11,
+
0
therefore
21, 1
51, 1
61,1
1
equations(3.6)-(3.23) are equivalent to the following
=0
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1
+1 13, 51,1 53, 11,1 + 53 51,1 13 11,1
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01 March. 2015
13, 52 53, 12 + 1
1
1
=0
+ 33 1 + 51,1 43 21 23
=0
(3.40)
13, 1 =
+1 23, 61,1 63, f21,1 + 63 61,1 23 21,1

=0
+ 33 2 + 61,1 13 11 43
=0
(3.41)
+1 13, 52,1 53, 12,1 + 53 52,1 13 12,1
+ 33 1 + 52,1 43 22 23
=0
(3.42)
+1 23, 62,1 63, 22,1 + 63 62,1 23 22,1
=0
33 2
+
=0
+ 62,1 13 12 43
3.43
1 11 53 + 13 51 21 63 + 23 61
=0
2 11 23 + 13 21 = 0
1 12 53 + 13 52 22 63 + 23 62
=0
2 12 23 + 13 22 = 0
3.44
(3.45)
(3.46)
(3.47)
1 +
+1 13, 51 53, 11 + 53 51 13 11
=0
2
2
33 51
11
+ 51 43 21 23 = 0
2 +
2
2
33 61
21
+ 61 13 11 43 = 0 3.49
1 +
+1 13, 52 53, 12 + 53 52 13 12
=0
1
3.48
+1 23, 61 63, 21 + 63 61 23 21
=0
2
2
33 52
12
+ 52 43 22 23 = 0
(3.50)
+1 23, 62 63, 22 + 63 62 23 22
=0
2
2
33 62
22
+ 62 13 12 43 = 0
(3.51)
Now, taking the derivative of equations (3.40),(3.41) and
take the , derivative of equations (3.42), (3.43) and also
taking the 1 derivative of equation (3.44)and 1 derivative
of equations (3.45)then by using equations (3.5) we can obtain
13, 1 51,1 53, 1 11,1 = 1
= 0
(3.52)
23, 1 61,1 63, 1 21,1 = 1
= 0
3.53
13, 52,1 53, 12,1 = 1

1
1
=0
3.54
23, 62,1 63, 22,1 = 1

1
1
= 0
(3.55)
13, 1 51 53, 1 11 + (1 ) 1 + 23, 1 61 63, 1 21
=0
(3.56)
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+ 23,
62 63,
22
(3.57)
Therefore
=0
=0
11,1
1
+ 23, 1 61
63, 1 21
53, 1
51,1
=
1
(3.58)
63, 1 21
+ 23, 1 61
23, 1
21,1
=
1 1 + 13, 1 51
2
53, 1 11
61,1
63, 1 =
1 1 + 13, 1 51
2
53, 1 11
12,1
13, =
1 + 23, 62
1
1
1
1
63, 22
(3.59)
(3.60)
(3.61)
(3.62)
52,1
1 + 23, 62 63, 22 3.63
1
1
1
1
22,1
23, =
1 + 13, 52 53, 12 3.64
1
1
1
1
2
62,
63, = 1 1 + 13, 52 53, 12 3.65
1
1
1
1
2
Taking the +1 derivative of equations(3.40),(3.41) and take the +1 ,
derivative of equations(3.42),(3.43)moreover taking the derivative of
equation(3.44)and derivative of equations(3.46)with 1
And 1 we can obtain
1
13, =
11,1 1 23, f61 11,1 + 63, 21 11,1
1 11
1
53, =
51,1 1
1 51
+ 63, 21 51,1 23, 61 51,1
53,
1
2
1
63, =
2
1
13, =
1
1
53, =
1
23, =
21 21,1 1
13, 51 21, 1
+ 53, 11 21,1
61 61,1 1
13, 51 61, 1
+ 53, 11 61,1
12 12,1 1
52 52,1 1
23, 62 12, 1
+ 63, 22 12,1
23, 62 52,1
+ 63, 22 52,1
f23,z = f22 Rj f22,z 1 B1 z f13,z f52 f22,z 1 + f53,z f12 f22,z 1

j
j
j
j
L2
1
63, = 62 62,1 1 13, 52 62,1 + 53, 12 62,1
2
Also, taking the2 derivative of (3.40), 3.41 and we getthe2
derivative of (3.42), (3.43)
13,1 51,1 53,1 11,1
= 1
(3.66)
23,1 61,1 63,1 21,1
= 1
(3.67)
Page 170

13, 52,1 53, 12,1
1
=
23, 62,1 63, 22,1
1
(3.68)
= 1
(3.69)
From equations(3.40)-(3.43) we can get by using equations
(3.52- 3.55)and(3.66- 3.69)the following equations
1
53 51,1 13 11,1
+1 +
=0
51 , 1
23
43 21 23 = 0
1
33
+1 +
2
=0
61,1
+
13 11 43 = 0
(3.70)
63 61,1 23 21,1
53 52,1 13 12,1
+1 +
=0
63 62,1 23 22,1
+1 +
=0
In this paper, we extended the notion of P.S.P to higher

dimensions i.e. 3-dim plane of constant sectional curvature-1
imbedded in R5and we studied the change in the results and
properties.
Acknowledgement
All gratitude is to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Mostafa ElSabbagh, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences,
University of Minia, Egypt for his valuable guidance and
encouragement.
(3.71)
[i] A.Nakamura, Progr. theor. phys. suppl. No.94 (1988) 195209.

[ii] A.Sym, Lett, IL Nouvo Cirnento, vol 36 No. 10 (1993) 307312.
(3.72)
33
62,1
+
13 12 43 = 0
(3.73)
Now from equations(3.44)and(3.45)andequations(3.70)(3.73)one can obtain the functions 13 , 23 , 53 and 63 as given

in theorem (3.1)
Moreover, from equations 3.81 3.84 , 3.47 (3.54)it
follows that is given by (3.34)Conversely, if 13 , 23 , 53 and
63 are given by (3.35 3.38), it follows by straight forward
computation that the 1 forms 1 = 1 + 2 +
3 ,1 satisfy the structure equations of an (, ) 3-dim.
P.S.P if 1, = 0 , 1 , 1 , . , , .
This completes proof of theorem.It is worth mentioning that
other types of evolution equations in higher dimensions shall be
considered in other papers as well as the associated Backlund
IJSET@2015
transformation equations, conservation laws and the associated

linear systems.
IV.Conclusion
REFERENCES
33
52,1
+
43 22 23 = 0
(ISSN : 2277-1581)
01 March. 2015
[iii] H.Hassan and M.El-Sabbagh, J.Appl. Math.phys. ZAMP,

42 (1991) 960-965.
[iv] K.Tenenblat and C.Treng. Annu.Math.112 (1980).
[v]M.F.EI-Sabbagh, Differential Geometric Prolongations of
soliton equations
Ph.D. thesis.Durham University, England, Jan. (1981).
[vi] M.F.El-Sabbagh, J. Math. Phys. Sci. vol. 18, No.4
(1984).127-138.
[vii]M.FEl-Sabbagh and A.Khater, 1L Nouvo Cimento, B,104
No.2 (1989)123-129.
[viii]R.Beals, and K.Tenenblat, Stud. Appl. Math. 78 (1988)
227-256.
[ix]R.Beals, M.Raheio and K. Tenenblat, Stud. Appl. Math. 81
(1989) 125-151.
[x]R.Sasaki, Nu. phys. B 154 (1979) 343-357.
[xi]S.Chern and C.Treng, Rocky Mount. J. Math. vol. 10 (1980)
105-124.
[xii]S.Chern and K.Tenenblat, Stud. Appl. Math. 74 (1985) 5583.
[xiii] S.Chern and K.Tenenblat, J.Results in Math. vol 60.
(2011) 53- 101.
[xiv] V.P Gomes Neto, J.Differential equations.249 (2010)
2822- 2865.
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International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology

Volume No.4 Issue No.3, pp: 165-171