Economy and Commerce

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Bhilwara is known as the City of Textiles. The major industry of Bhilwara is textiles, with more than 600
manufacturing units in the City. The main textile product is synthetic fabric used in trousers. The spinning
and knitting unit started in 1938. After then the first unit for synthetic textile established in 1961. Bhilwara is
the only center, in the country producing insulation bricks. There are about 33 units in city. In the mining
sector there is large scale mining of sandstone, soap stone and other minerals like feldspar, quartz, China
clay, etc.
The recent and most important development in Bhilwara is the recognition of the town as major Iron Ore
producing hub. The district has huge deposits of low grade iron ore which developed a huge iron ore
mining and beneficiation plant in the district. Now the district has become a magnet for all major steel
companies of the country. It has put the state of Rajasthan on the map of steel industries of the country.

Economic Sectors in Bhilwara

Primary Sector
The primary sector in Bhilwara consists of agriculture, livestock and poultry and mining & minerals.
Agriculture and livestock & poultry are the major primary sectors till 2015 but it is speculated that there will
be rise in the mines and mining sector of Bhilwara. Stone crushing and quarrying is also one of the
important sector on which many stone cutting and crushing industries are dependent but lies mostly
outside Bhilwara Planning Area.

Secondary Sector
Bhilwara, also known as Textile City of India, is a famous industrial town in Rajasthan. It encompasses
around 50 percent of the total polyester fabrics and suitings manufactured in India. Bhilwara district has
made an important place for itself in the industrial map of the state. Textile industries add value and
generate considerable amount of revenue to a countrys economy.
Various industrial units in Bhilwara consists mainly Spinning, Weaving, Dyeing, Processing units. Majority
of these industries are affianced in the process of manufacturing synthetic blended yarn which accounts to
40 percent of the total yarn manufactured all over India.

Tertiary Sector
The major urban activities regarding trade and commerce of bhilwara city is mainly concentrated in
the whole sale Textile Market stretch located in the core of the city, which deals in trading of clothes to
various parts of country and across the globe. However other areas under the notified urban area have
various trade and commercial areas but none is of similar momentum and hierarchy. Household related
commercial entities are found dominantly in the commercial areas.

1.2 Economic base and Occupational Structure

The economic structure of Bhilwara is primarily based on the Textile industry which was started in the year
of 1938 due to the availability of cotton as raw material in a very large quantity. Another important sector is
mining and minerals .Sector wise classification of employment is as given in the table:

Sectors
Primary Sector
Secondary Sector
Tertiary Sector
Total

1991

2001

9135(15.88%)
6950(7.58%)
19079(33.22%)
37381(34.70%)
29205(50.90%)
47898(57.71%)
57419
91650
Table: Economic Base of Bhilwara

Trend
-23.9%
95.9%
64.0%
60.04%

(Source: General Economic Tables, Census of India 1991,2001 Bhilwara)

The employment in primary sector is declining. In 2001 only 7.5% of total employment is of primary
sector.The contribution of secondry sector is increased just by 1%,and tertiary sector employment is
increased by 7% in 2001.The occupational distribution pattern of Bhilwara shows maximum percentage of
workforce is involved in tertiary sector activities. Both the secondary and tertiary sector has shown a
continuous growth and in other hand primary sector is continuously declining.
The total no. of workers which constitute tertiary sector is comparatively very high than workers in other
sectors.

DISTRIBUTION OF WORKERS AS PER CENSUS 2001

Total Workers in all Sectors
Sub sector

91650
Total workers

100%

Primary Sector

Agricultural workers
Forestry, Plantations And
Allied Activities
Mining & Quarrying
Secondary Sector

Cultivators Main
Cultivators Marginal
Agricultural Laborer Main
Agricultural Laborer Marginal
Main workers

2910
1243
599
376
1058

Marginal workers
Main workers
Marginal workers

116
624
24

5128

5.60

1174

1.28

648

0.71

Non HH Industry
HH Industry
Tertiary sector
Construction
Transport, Storage and
communication
Hotels and Restaurants
Wholesale and retail trade
Real estate
Public administration,
defense, health, education,
social work

Main workers
Marginal workers
Main workers
Marginal workers

26540
1366
3324
578

Main workers
Marginal workers
Main workers

6990
1350
5952

Marginal workers
Main workers
Marginal workers
Main workers
Marginal workers
Main workers
Marginal workers

246
1306
40
17358
902
4660
402

Main workers

13134

Marginal workers

552

27906

30.45

3902

4.26

8340

9.10

6198

6.76

1346

1.47

18260

19.92

5062

5.52

13686

14.93

(Source: General Economic Tables - Census of India 2001,

Bhilwara.)

The number of workers in household industry is lesser in the workforce distribution. This sector
needs to be strengthen, which lead to more employment generation in rural areas.Whereas the
mining and quarrying sector have least employment uphold but the trend is going to change due
to the starting of the iron-ore mining.

OCCUPATIONAL PATTERN FROM PRIMARY SURVEY

Figure: Work Force Participation

Seasonal; 1% Marginal; 5%
Main; 29%
Non-Workers; 65%

(Source: Primary Survey.)

Figure : Occupational Structure

No work; 8% Agriculture; 1% Factory Workers; 5%

No work (below 5 year); Business;
5%
12%

Private Employee; 10%

No work(students); 25%
Government employees; 5%
Professionals; 3%
Retired; 3%

Housewife; 23%

(Source: Primary Survey.)

Figure: Occupational Structure

Professionals; 8% Agriculture; 2%

Factory
workers; 13%
Government Employees;
14%

Private; 30%

Business; 34%

(Source: Primary Survey.)

WORKFORCE PARTICIPATION
According to this definition, the entire population can be divided into two categories, i.e. Working
Population and Non-Working population. 'Work' has been defined as participation in any
economically productive activity. Such participation was physical or mental in nature. Work
involved not only actual work but also effective supervision and direction of work.
The Working Population includes the population from working age group i.e. from 16 years to 65
years. It can be further divided into three categories, i.e. Main workers, Marginal workers and
Non- workers, depending upon employment time period. Hence, Workforce of a country normally
consists of everyone of working age, typically above a certain age retirement (around who are
actively employed (either part-time or full-time) or people actively seeking employment. The NonWorking population includes the population from non-working age group i.e. below 16 years and
above 65 years. The people under this category are not counted in workforce and include people
who are not employed and not seeking employment including students, retired people, stay-athome parents, and people in prisons or similar institutions.

WORKFORCE DISTRIBUTION
Work

force distribution is usually done into three categoriesMain

Marginal workers
Non-workers
Table: Workforce Distribution

Year
2001
2011

Total Population
280128
359483

Total Working
Population
91650
126575

Workforce
Participation
32.71%
35.21%

Total Main
Workers
84455
115095

(Source: Census.)

Total Marginal
Workers
7195
11480

Total NonWorkers
187268
232908

Figure: Comparison of Workforce Distribution

Rajasthan

56.4

Bhilwara district

52.32

Bhilwara city

64.78

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Non Workers
Marginal Workers
Main Workers

100%

(Source: Census.)

Figure: Year wise Comparison of Working and nonworking Population

2011

35.21

64.78

2001

32.71

67.28

1991

31.21

68.78

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

Working Population

50%

60%

70%

80%

Non Working Population

(Source: Census.)

90% 100%

Table: Workforce Distribution ward wise

Ward no.
0001
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
0010
0011
0012
0013
0014
0015
0016
0017
0018
0019
0020
0021
0022
0023
0024
0025
0026
0027
0028
0029
0030
0031
0032
0033
0034
0035

Total
Population
6473
5483
4918
5447
11403
8960
8669
7738
6486
8649
7939
4001
8536
12342
7856
8107
5779
5336
5304
5078
4031
3985
4792
4553
5649
5541
6616
5647
4168
5774
7995
8715
11400
5247
4903

Total Working
Population
2520
2229
2041
2211
3890
3248
3230
2905
2412
3000
2865
1285
3017
4117
2764
3036
2235
1760
1745
1766
1360
1441
1657
1625
1747
1851
2219
1981
1357
1891
2694
2942
3906
1743
1784

Workforce
Participation
38.93
40.65
41.50
40.59
34.11
36.25
37.26
37.54
37.19
34.69
36.09
32.12
35.34
33.36
35.18
37.45
38.67
32.98
32.90
34.78
33.74
36.16
34.58
35.69
30.93
33.41
33.54
35.08
32.56
32.75
33.70
33.76
34.26
33.22
36.39

Total Main
Workers
2276
1696
1478
1396
3367
2900
2873
2771
2231
2657
2666
1159
2485
3761
2437
2694
1853
1691
1576
1612
1263
1212
1497
1372
1680
1755
2139
1881
1282
1750
2503
2853
3615
1602
1540

Total Marginal
Workers
244
533
563
815
523
348
357
134
181
343
199
126
532
356
327
342
382
69
169
154
97
229
160
253
67
96
80
100
75
141
191
89
291
141
244

Total Nonworkers
3953
3254
2877
3236
7513
5712
5439
4833
4074
5649
5074
2716
5519
8225
5092
5071
3544
3576
3559
3312
2671
2544
3135
2928
3902
3690
4397
3666
2811
3883
5301
5773
7494
3504
3119

0036
0037
0038
0039
0040
0041
0042
0043
0044
0045
0046
0047
0048
0049
0050
Ward
Total
Planning
Area

Total

5476
6529
7177
8835
11885
8121
5083
10927
7616
7010
9142
12186
13613
5557
6806

2103
2118
2510
3061
4086
3219
2237
3911
2627
2329
3335
4254
4155
1844
2312

38.40
32.44
34.97
34.65
34.38
39.64
44.01
35.79
34.49
33.22
36.48
34.91
30.52
33.18
33.97

1991
1948
2350
2948
3823
3004
2018
3736
2590
2254
3019
4057
3918
1825
2091

112
170
160
113
263
215
219
175
37
75
316
197
237
19
221

3373
4411
4667
5774
7799
4902
2846
7016
4989
4681
5807
7932
9458
3713
4494

359483

126575

35.21

115095

11480

232908

93168
452651

42678
169253

45.81
37.39

34154
149249

8524
20004

50490
283398
(Source: Census.)

INCOME AND EXPENDITURE PATTERN

The income expenditure pattern is important to work out the economic conditions of households.
The standard of living of a region can be gauged from income measures such as gross and net
domestic products as well as from the levels and patterns of consumer expenditures.

Figure: Percentage Distribution of Household based on Household monthly income- Wardwise

(Source: Household Survey.)

Table: Expenditure Pattern Income wise

Income (In Rs.)
Food
Transport
Education
Health
Telecom
Recreation
Household Bills
Fuel
Loan Repay
Others
Disposable
money
Total
Expenditure

<8500
2120
550
325
250
120
100
420
350
30
685

8500 - 20000
3972
964
1109
565
465
381
1063
598
241
1853

439

3145

4950

20000 -37500 37500-50000

6947
10853
1385
1974
2384
2465
960
1133
817
932
720
1088
1515
1990
886
1335
1174
1609
3364
4699
8043

16148

11205
20116
(Source: Household Survey.)

28044

50000>
13111
3560
3480
2362
2002
1480
2864
1497
2922
5023
55924
38302

Figure: Expenditure Pattern Income wise

100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%

Expenditure Percentage

40%
30%
20%
10%
0%

Monthly Income (In Rupees)

Food

Transport

Education

Health

Telecom

Recreation

Household Bills

Fuel

Loan Repay

Others

disposable money

1.2 Primary Sector

1.2.1 Agriculture
There are two crop seasons, Rabi(Nov-Apr) and Kharif (Apr-Oct). The principal crops of the two seasons
are as under:
Rabi
Wheat
Barley
Gram
Mustard

Kharif
Maize
Jowar
Moong
Urad
Chilies
Til
The area under crops and the production depend upon the monsoon following graph shows the decadal
trends in the area under crops:

60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0

1994-95

1998-99

2005-06

2010-11

4787

174
7
631

431
7
500

3
3

10
5

0
63

198
3
589

25
14

584
345

181
316

21
0

6
32

Total

29
230

Red chilli

Cotton

Soybean

Groundnut

Mustard

Sesame

Other rabi dal

Other kharif dal

Gram (chana)

Jow (oats)

Maize
647
1230

Tobacco

0
9

1265
4

Sugarcane

1998-99
2005-06

Wheat

Year

Jowar (sorghum)

Table: Area under Agriculture (Ha.) (Source:District Statistics handbook)

22207
14229

2010-11

164

1031
6

2462
4

128
8

130
5

230
8

13

242
8

6
330
5

1
611

3530

Table: Crop wise Production (Metric Ton.)

1123

11

51048

(Source:District Statistic

handbook)

1.2.2 Agro Based Industries

The area doesnt have major irrigation facilities; still it is a major producer of Wheat, Maize, Gawar,
Gram, Rape/Mustard Seed, Zeera, Opium, Tomato etc. and offers following opportunities in Agro Based
Industries.
Floor/Maida Mill
Daal Mill
Oil Extraction Plants
Solvent Extraction Plant
Hydrogenated Oil
Starch Plant
Zeera Cutting Plants
Food Processing and Packing Plants
1.2.3LIVESTOCK RESOURCES
Bhilwara is rich in livestock resources.
90000
80000
70000
60000
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
Cow and Ox(Hybrid)

Buffalo

Goat

Camel

Poultry

1.2.4 Dairy Production :

In the State, Bhilwara district stands second in Milk Procurement and have wide network of co-operative
dairies and out of 960 co-operative societies, Bhilwara Municipal area have 284 co-operative
societies.There are 21 milk parlours and 561 milk booth.In the current financial year 113 KL milk is sold
out. With such a large surplus of Milk, it offers potentials of Milk based Industries like Skimmed Milk
Powder, Table Butter, Dairy Ghee, Butter Milk and other like products. With large cattle population, it also
offers potentials in Cattle Feed industry.

1.2.5 Forestry:
There are 15 identified forest area in Bhilwara, the total area under forest is 750 hectares. Bhilwara is
lagging behind in forest resource, only 4.75% land fall under the forest. The forest is categorized under
subsidiary and dry tropical. The principal species of wood found in the district are Dhokra, Babool, and
Khair etc.
The main use of the timber is as a raw material for insulation bricks as water-content of timber is
comparatively very low and fit for the insulation bricks.

1.2.7 Mines and Minerals:

China Clay, Feldspar, Quartz, Mica Minerals are classified into major minerals and minor minerals,
Bhilwara district occupies an important place in the mineral map of Rajasthan. The main minerals are
Lead Zinc, Soap Stone, Asbestos and Garnet, the The details of various major minerals are given here
under:

Sr
.N
o
1
2
3
4
5
9
10
11
13

Name of
Mineral

Productio
n(ton)

1994-95
Sale
price(Rs)

Emplo
yment

Mica
Feldspar
Quartz
Chinaclay
Soapstone
Lead and
Zinc
Abresive
Garnet
Silica
sand
Iron ore

485
19590
5180
51950
71800

94500
1371300
310800
4675500
8474500

103
125
239
278
1721

1294460

537072000

690

Product
ion(ton)
103800
0
84177
23981
39401
182836
349600
0

2005-06

84.14

1429700

10

400

32000

14

2013-14

Sale price

Emplo
yment

Producti
on(ton)

1058000
16835400
3997100
5883000
36312000

40
297
200
53
500

4900
772361
72180
308467
397366

991850100

985

Sale price

Emplo
yment
50
2858
560
208
588

5918245

4900000
270326350
25263000
107963450
397366000
1479561250
0

750

750000

10

0
2834360

0
2692642000

0
602

2853

(Source-Mining department,Bhilwara)

Table: Production, Sale price and Employment generation of major mines.

Soap Stone and China Clay

There are deposits of good quality soapstone and china clay in the district. They are located mainly in
tehsil Kotri and Jahajpur, The soapstone produced in Chainpura and Ghevaria is of good talc quality.
397366 M.T. of soapstone produced during 2013-14.

Mica
District Bhilwara has always been in the forefront for production and export of mica, but for the last 18
years there has been a continuous fall in its production for which the main reason is recession in mica
trade and degradation of quality of mine. However many alternative sources for mica have been
discovered. Moreover the mines have become quite deep on account of which the cost of production has
gone up very high. This mineral is found primarily in Mandal, Asind and Bhilwara tehsil.

Granite
Sometime back deposit of granite was discovered in Asind, Raipur and Mandal Tehsil 4 lease pattas have
been issued for its exploitation. 18 granite tile plants have been established in the district at Bhilwara,
Gangapur and Badnor. More plants are likely to come up.

Lime Stone
There is good reserve of lime stones around Mandalgarh area in Bhilwara district. They are estimated to
be approx 6600 M. Tones.

Marble
Marble is mostly found in jahajpur and Kotri tehsil of the district. The reserves are estimated to be around
13000 M.Tones.

Asbestos
Asbestos occurs in basic ultra-rocks near Banas, It is used mainly for manufacture of Asbestos Cement
Sheet, Tiles, Pipes and other product where heat insulation is required. Raw material for Insulation Bricks.

Iron ore
Iron ore is new emerging mining sector, in which will employment is increasing.

Lead and Zinc

Lead and zinc generates maximum employment in mining sector, and also has highest sales price.

Table: Production, Sale price and Employment generation of minor mines.

Sr.

Name of

1994-95

1998-99

2005-06

minor
mine

Product
ion
(Ton)

Sale Price

Emplo
yment

Productio
n (Ton)

Sand Stone

106450

2129000

16312

1282761

38480000

10262

1396512

977558400

17740

Bajri
Masaonry
Stone
Soil for
brick
Lime stone
(Burning)
Marble
(Block)
Granite
(Block)

74150

379030

65

4245

42000

26

3110175

311017500

1401

57290

853510

252

129615

3886000

458

1977480

197748000

1107

13570

274840

40

78313

1566000

125

225750

9030000

600

400

14000

8230

818000

23

7510

751000

16

5450

1943360

283

2085

674000

220

6048

6048000

138

520

274570

73

196

643000

54

210

105000

No

3
4
6
7
9

Sale Price

Employ
ment

Producti
on (Ton)

Sale Price

Emplo
yment

(Source-Mining department, Bhilwara)

Revenue generated from mining:

S. No
1
2
3
4
5

Year
1993-94
1998-99
2003-04
2008-09
2013-14

Revenue
Generated
(Lakh Rs.)
2279.87
4421.39
8839.54
31238.3
81119.63