‫ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﳋﻔﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺃﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ ﲟﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﺴﺮﻃﻨﺔ‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺰﺍﻡ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ ﺳﺨﻴﻄﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻭ ﺍﳋﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﲟﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﺒﲑ ﺣﺴﻦ ﺳﺤﺘﻮﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺳﺨﻴﻄﺔ‬
‫‪Dr. M. A. Sekheta‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻠﺪﺍﺋﻦ( ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻵﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﺜﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺧﻄﺎﺭ ﺗﻠﻮﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻳﻌﺰﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻱ ﺍﳌﻌﻘﺪ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻘﺼﺪ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺻﻔﺎﺗﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻫﻴﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﲣﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳊﻤﻮﺿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺗﺴﺮﺏ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺒﺄﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ ‪,‬ﻭﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻼ ﺷﻚ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﲢﻀﲑ ﻋﺒﻮﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﻳﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﲣﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻧﻔﻮﺫﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻛﺎﻷﻭﻛﺴﺠﲔ ﻭ ﲞﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﺣﺎﲰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﺮﺍﻉ ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺰﻧﺦ ﻭ ﻓﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺒﺄﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‪:‬‬

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‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺑﺄﻧﺔ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﲢﺎﺩ ﺟﺰﻱﺀ‬
‫)ﻣﻮﻧﻮﻣﺮ( ﲢﺖ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﻕ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻲ )ﺑﻮﻟﻴﻤﲑ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻭﺯﻥ‬
‫ﺟﺰﻳﺌﻲ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺮﻭﻛﻴﻤﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﳏﺴﻨﺔ ﻹﻛﺴﺎﻬﺑﺎ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﳌﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻴﻮﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻜﺴﺮ ﻭﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻀﻮﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻼﻬﺗﺎﻡ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭ ﺑﺼﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺜﻬﺎ ﻟﻸﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻐﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﲬﺴﲔ ﻧﻮﻋﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺘﲔ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﺘﲔ ﳘﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ )‪ (TP‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺪﺓ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﻳﹰﺎ )‪.(TS‬‬

‫ﺗﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻠﺪﺍﺋﻦ( ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﺒﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﺇﻣﺎ ﻟﻮﺣﺪﻫﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻊ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﳘﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫)‪ (Additives‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﺘﱪﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺛﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻮﻳﺚ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﺻﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺒﻮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺷﺎﻉ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻬﺑﺪﻑ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻟﺘﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗﻪ ﻟﻸﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﻭﺳﻮﺍﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ‪ F.D.A‬ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ‪ ,‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺘﺎﺕ ‪ Lubricants‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺳﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺰﻧﻚ ‪ Zinc stearate‬ﻭﻣﺜﺒﺘﺎﺕ ‪ Stabilizetrs‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ‪ Organometallic‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻣﻼﺡ ﺃﲪﺎﺽ ﺩﻫﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺎﺳﻴﺪ ﻻﻋﻀﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫‪ Inorganic oxides‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻹﻋﺎﻗﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﲢﻠﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﲣﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻟﻌﻠﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻫﻮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﳜﻠﻮ ﻣﻦ‬

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‫ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻷﻥ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻳﺬﻭﺏ ﻭ ﻟﻮ ﺑﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺋﻞ ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻑ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻠﻮﻳﺚ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺍﳌﻠﺪﻧﺎﺕ ‪Plasticizers‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻓﻴﻨﺎﻳﻠﺰ ‪ Vinyls‬ﻭ ﺳﻠﻴﻠﻮﺯﻳﻜﺲ‬
‫‪ Cellulosics‬ﳉﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺮﻧﹰﺎ ﻭﻟﻴﻨﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻗﺪ ﻬﺗﺎﺟﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻣﻀﺎﺩﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻛﺴﺪﺓ ‪ Antioxidants‬ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺇﻋﺎﻗﺔ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﺍﻷﻛﺴﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻠﻮﺙ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺒﺄﺓ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﻀﺎﻑ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺮﻏﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻮﻥ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺟﻬﺎ ﲢﺖ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﶈﺴﻨﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﻀﺎﺩ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﻠﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﺰﻻﻕ ‪ Slip agents‬ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻠﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻋﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﻠﲔ ‪ Polyethylene‬ﻭﻋﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺑﻠﲔ ﻬﺑﺪﻑ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺴﺮﻩ‪ Coefficient of friction ،‬ﻭ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻀﺎﻑ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺻﺒﺎﻍ‬
‫ﻹﻛﺴﺎﻬﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﺴﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺬﻭﺏ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﻭﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﺣﺪﻭﺙ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪، ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻠﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺭﺑﺎﻋﻲ ﻛﻠﻮﺭﻭ ﺍﺛﻴﻠﲔ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻮﺭﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺜﻴﻠﲔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻮﺭﻓﻮﺭﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﰲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺮﻃﻨﺔ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻔﺜﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺮﻃﻨﺔ ﻭ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺇﻳﺜﻴﻞ ﻫﻜﺴﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺜﺎﻻﺕ ‪ DEHP‬ﻭﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻳﺰﻭﺩﻳﻜﻴﻞ ﻓﺜﺎﻻﺕ ‪ DIDP‬ﻭﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻳﺰﻭﻧﻮﻧﻴﻞ ﻓﺜﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫‪ . DINP‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﻁ ﰲ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺃﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﺑﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺒﺄﺓ ﺑﻠﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺜﺎﻻﺕ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﻓﺸﻞ ﻛﻠﻮﻱ‪ .‬ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺜﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﻜﻤﻦ ﰲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻬﻧﺎ ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺤﺪ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﹰﺎ ﻣﻊ ‪ PVC‬ﻭﺑﺪ ﹰﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﻈﻞ ﺟﻨﺒﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻨﺐ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻟﻴﻤﺮ ‪PVC‬‬
‫ﳑﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻬﻧﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺘﺴﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﺪ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻀﺎﺿﺎﺕ ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻭﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﳕﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃﺟﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭ‬

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‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻟﻠﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻮﺑﻨﻬﺎﻏﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺃﻗﺮﻭﺍ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺴﺮﺑﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺟﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻄﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﻴﻊ ﻭ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ ﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ ﺻﺤﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻟﻸﺳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻛﺜﲑﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺜﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﻭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺄﻥ ﺃﻃﻔﺎﻟﻨﺎ ﻟﻴﺴﻮﺍ ﺳﻮﻯ ﳎﺮﺩ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻭﻑ ﺗﻜﻤﻦ ﰲ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺜﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﺴﻠﻚ ﰲ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ‬
‫ﻟﻸﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺒﺄﺓ ﺑﻠﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺜﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺳﻠﻮﻛﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻬﺑﺎ ﻟﻠﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺜﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﳍﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﻭﺟﻴﲏ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﳍﺎ ﲤﺎﻣﺎ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﻴﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﳍﺮﻣﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﻭﺟﲔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻫﻢ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺀ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .١‬ﺑﻮﱄ ﺇﻳﺜﻠﲔ ﻓﺜﺎﻻﺕ‪ :‬ﻭ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺯﺟﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﻧﺔ‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺑﻮﱄ ﺇﻳﺜﻠﲔ ﻋﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‪ HDPE :‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻬﺮﺍﺕ )ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻔﺎﺕ( ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﺐ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﲑ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫‪ .٣‬البولي إيثلين المنخفض الكثافة‪ LDPE :‬ﻭ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺮﺑﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺃﻛﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻏﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﻜﻤﺎﺵ‪.‬‬
‫‪) .٤‬الفينيل( أو ‪ :PVC‬ﻭ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻭﺗﺸﻜﻴﻼﺕ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻝ ﻭﺃﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ ﻭ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺋﻂ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬بولي بروبيلين ‪ :PP‬ﻭ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﻌﺎﺏ‪  .‬‬
‫‪ .٦‬بولي ستيرين ‪ :PS‬ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﲰﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﺘﲑﻭﻓﻮﻡ ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﹰﺎ‬
‫ﰲ ﺣﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻭ ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻄﺎﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻓﻨﺎﺟﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻬﻮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ )ﺍﻟﻔﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ(‬
‫‪ .٧‬البولي ايثيلين والبولي بروبيلين‪ :‬ﳘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺍﻷﺑﺴﻂ‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﻥ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻌﺘﱪﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻣﺎﻧﹰﺎ‬
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 ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻌﺾ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﳐﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﺪﺍﺋﻦ ‪ PVC‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ‪ PVC‬ﻣﻀﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﲔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ )ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻮﺭﺍﻳﻦ( ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟـ‪ PVC..‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻠﻮﺭﺍﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻳﺜﻴﻠﲔ ﻭﻛﻠﻮﺭﺍﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻴﻞ ﻭﳘﺎ‬
‫ﺿﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺬﺍﻬﺗﻤﺎ ﻓﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻠﻮﺭﺍﻳﺪ ﺍﻻﻳﺜﻴﻠﲔ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺮﻃﻦ ﳏﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺃﻣﺎ ﻛﻠﻮﺭﺍﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻨﻴﻞ ﻓﻤﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻛﻤﺴﺒﺐ ﻟﻠﺴﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻳﻮﻛﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟـ‪ PVC‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﰲ ﺃﺟﺴﺎﻣﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﺰﺍﻧﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻫﻮﻥ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺣﺪّ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﻛﺴﲔ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺮﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻲ( ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﳑﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﰲ ﺑﻄﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺣﺸﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﳍﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟـ ‪ PVC‬ﰲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺶ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﻜﺴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﺗﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺜﺒﺘﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳌﺜﺒﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﻬﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ‪ PVC‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٩٦‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ ﻳﺘﺴﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟـ‬
‫‪ PVC‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
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 ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﱯ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻠﻔﹰﺎ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺦ‪ ،‬ﳓﻦ ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ ﺿﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ‬
‫ﻧﺪﻉ ﺃﻭﻻﺩﻧﺎ ﻳﺄﻛﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺻﺒﺎﻍ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻤﺎﺫﺍ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﳒﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﳝﺘﻠﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻟﻌﺎﺑﹰﺎ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ؟ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﻄﺖ‬
‫ﲟﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻓﺌﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻳﻮﻛﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻠﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳍﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ ١٩٩٧‬ﻗﺪﻣﺖ ﲨﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ Green Peace‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﻣﻦ ‪ ١٣١‬ﻟﻌﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻨﺘﺠﹰﺎ ﻟﻸﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺪﺍﺋﻦ‪ ،‬ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺐ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺛﻘﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺎﺩﻣﻴﻮﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺟﺪ ﺃﻥ ‪ % ٢٠‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ١٠٠‬ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ ﻭﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﻌﺎﺏ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻼﺳﻞ ﳏﻼﺕ ﺗﻮﻳﺰ ﺁﺭﻳﻮﺱ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻟﻌﺎﺑﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺩﻳﺰﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﰊ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩﻧﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﳐﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﻠﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟـ ﺑﻴﺴﻔﻴﻨﻮﻝ‪-‬ﺃﻳﻪ ‪BPA‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗﺘﻌﺎﱃ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻵﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﳏﺬﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺴﻔﻨﻮﻝ – ﺃﻳﻪ‬

‫‪ BPA‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﺍﳌﻘﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺟﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﻋﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﺍﺑﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﲑﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺜﲑ ﻟﻠﻬﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺄﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳋﻄﲑﺓ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺯﺟﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﻠﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺿّﻊ ﻭ ﺍﳋﺪّﺝ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﱄ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﻮﻧﻴﺖ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺒﻮﺍﺕ ﺗﱪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺃﻃﺒﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﺎﻳﻜﺮﻭﻭﻳﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺒﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻼﺝ ﺃﺳﻨﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻋﺒّﺮ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻋﺮ ﻗﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺴﻔﻨﻮﻝ‪-‬ﺃﻳﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﺿﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﳕﻮ ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺳﺘﺎﺗﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﺦ ﻭ ﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﻊ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳉﺪﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻭﺭﺑﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺆﻳﺪ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺮﺭﺕ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺀ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ‪ FDA‬ﺃﻬﻧﺎ ﺑﺼﺪﺩ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﲝﺎﺙ‬
‫ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺃﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺴﻔﻨﻮﻝ‪-‬ﺃﻳﻪ ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟـ ‪ FDA‬ﱂ ﺗﺸﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻂ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺮﺿﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬

‫ﳐﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻛﻴﺎﺱ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺀ‪:‬‬

‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ ٥٠٠‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺠﺎﻡ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻳﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺑﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻛﻴﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﺔ ﺻﺤﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﻼﻣﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻞ ﻭﺣﻴﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﳍﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻪ ﻭﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ‪ .‬ﺗﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﲨﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺄﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻮﺕ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻃﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫ﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺌﺔ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﲞﻼﻑ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻬﻠﻚ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺳﻮﺀ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻝ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺃﺳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭ‬

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‫ﺍﳌﺪﺍﻓﻌﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻛﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﻮﻛﺐ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺣﺮﻕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻛﻴﺎﺱ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﳚﺪ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻘﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻨﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺣﻒ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭﳍﺎ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳋﻄﺄ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻃﻌﺎﻣﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻛﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺳﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﺤﺎﺑﺔ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﻣﻠﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻳﻮﻛﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﳍﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﻛﺴﲔ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺍ ﰲ ﺃﻟﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺿﻌﺎﺕ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﺛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺼﺪﺭ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎ ﻋﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻛﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻒ ﺍﻷﻃﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﻛﺎﳋﺒﺰ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻒ ﺍﻷﻃﻌﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻋﻢ ﰲ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺰﺑﺎﺋﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﻏﲑﻩ‪ .‬ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻵﺳﻴﻮﻳﺔ )ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻃﺒﻌﺎ(‪ ،‬ﺍﲣﺬﺕ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﳌﺎ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍﺕ ﺿﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‪ .‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻛﻴﺎﺱ ﻭ ﻟﻸﺳﻒ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺑﻼﺩﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﲝﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺇﺳﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻠﻔﺖ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺮ‪ .‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻛﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﳊﻔﻆ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻃﻌﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﺃﻳﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺴﺮﺏ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺧﻄﲑﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺜﻞ ﺧﻄﺮﹰﺍ ﻛﺒﲑﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻷﻬﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻏﻠﺐ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻟﺪﺍﺋﻦ ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﺩ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﺼﻨﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻤﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺷﺄﻬﻧﺎ ﺷﺄﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺻﺎﺭﻣﺔ ﳌﻨﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻛﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﻭ‬

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‫ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻧﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻐﻠﻴﻒ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺇﳕﺎ ﲣﺼﺺ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻷﻛﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺘﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﺮﺻﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﳐﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻹﺻﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻭﺭﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻓﺮﺿﺖ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻛﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺟﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻛﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﳍﺎ ﺑﺄﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺮﺗﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻧﻈﻴﻔﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺆﻭﺱ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺍﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻘﻬﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﻬﺗﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻔﻌﻞ ﺭﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻭﺭﺓ "ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻴﻨﺔ" ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﳌﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﻭﻣﺜﻠﻬﻢ ﻛﺜﲑﻭﻥ ﳑﻦ ﺭﲟﺎ ﳚﻬﻠﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺮﺭ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻻ ﺑﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ ﻛﺆﻭﺱ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺍﺭﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﺧﺮﻯ ﺯﺟﺎﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﻬﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﺛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻃﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﲰﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺪﻣﺮﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺪﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺭﲟﺎ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﳍﺎ ﺻﺪﻯ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻝ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﻭﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﲟﺎ‬

‫ﻳﻨﺎﺩﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻞ ﺣﻠﺖ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺒﺬﻝ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺇﻗﻨﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﲔ‬
‫ﲞﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺣﱴ ﲤﺘﻨﻊ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﱃ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻀﻄﻠﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﰲ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻬﺑﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ ﰲ ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻭ‬
‫ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺎﻬﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ‪.‬‬
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 ‫ﻧﺼﺎﺋﺢ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻭ ﺗﺴﺨﲔ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺀ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﻴﺪ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﺕ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﺤﻬﻢ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻳﺎﻬﺗﻢ ﻭ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﱄ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻋﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﺎﺩﻕ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﺪﺍﺋﻦ‪:‬‬

‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻋﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻳﺜﻠﲔ ﺑﻨﻮﻋﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺩﻫﻮﻥ ﻛﺎﻟﻠﺤﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺟﻦ ﺍﳌﱪﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﺠﻤﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﲡﻨﺐ ﲣﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺃﻭﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺨﺼﺺ ﳍﺎ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺧﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻃﺒﺎﻕ ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﳌﻴﻼﻣﲔ‪ ،‬ﲡﻨﺒﺎ ﳊﺪﻭﺙ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ‪,‬ﻭﺃﻓﻀﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﺦ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺰﻑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ‪.‬‬
‫ﲡﻨﺐ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻧﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻷﲪﺎﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﻟﻒ ﺍﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻼﺻﻖ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﻥ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﳌﺎﻳﻜﺮﻭﻭﻳﻒ ‪.‬‬
‫ﲡﻨﺐ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺃﻱ ﺃﻃﻌﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﻳﻜﺮﻭﻭﻳﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﲡﻨﺐ ﲡﻤﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﺳﻮﺍﺋﻞ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﰲ ﻗﻨﻴﻨﺔ ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺰﺭ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﲡﻨﺐ ﺗﺴﺨﲔ ﺍﻷﻃﻌﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻐﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﻳﻜﺮﻭﻭﻳﻒ‪.‬‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻻ ﺗﻀﻊ ﺃﻱ ﺣﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻭﺍﱐ ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﻳﻜﺮﻭﻭﻳﻒ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻻ ﺗﻀﻊ ﺃﻱ ﻗﻨﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺎﺀ ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺰﺭ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻻ ﺗﻀﻊ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺄﻛﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﻠﻔﻮﻓﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺎﻳﻜﺮﻭﻭﻳﻒ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﻛﺴﲔ ‪ Dioxin‬ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻣﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺳﺮﻃﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺪﻱ‪.‬‬

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‫ﲡﻨﺐ ﺷﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﶈﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺒﻮﺍﺕ ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻄﺎﻉ ﻭ ﻻ ﺑﺪﻳﻞ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﻋﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺒﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭ ﺑﺄﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﻛﺴﲔ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺴﻤﻢ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﺍﳉﺴﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﻄﲑ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﲡﻤﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺎﱐ‬ ‫•‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﺳﻮﺍﺋﻞ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻷﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﳛﺮﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﻛﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﲣﺘﻠﻂ ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺜﻠﺞ ﻭﻣﻦ ﰒ ﻧﺸﺮﻬﺑﺎ ﻭﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎﻥ‪.‬‬

‫ﺟﺰﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻟﻺﻋﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‬

‫ﺑﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺪﺓ ﺳﻨﺎﺀ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﲟﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﻟﻔﲔ‪.‬‬

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