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Overview of RNA and DNA Viruses

This document provides information on various RNA and DNA viruses, including their structure, transmission routes, and symptoms. RNA viruses can be enveloped or nonenveloped, with positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), or negative-sense single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) genomes. DNA viruses include those with linear or circular double-stranded DNA as well as those with linear or circular single-stranded DNA. Transmission of viruses like influenza, measles, and hepatitis C is through respiratory droplets or bodily fluids like blood, while rotaviruses and noroviruses spread through contaminated food or water. Many viruses cause mild flu-like symptoms but

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378 views1 page

Overview of RNA and DNA Viruses

This document provides information on various RNA and DNA viruses, including their structure, transmission routes, and symptoms. RNA viruses can be enveloped or nonenveloped, with positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA), double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), or negative-sense single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) genomes. DNA viruses include those with linear or circular double-stranded DNA as well as those with linear or circular single-stranded DNA. Transmission of viruses like influenza, measles, and hepatitis C is through respiratory droplets or bodily fluids like blood, while rotaviruses and noroviruses spread through contaminated food or water. Many viruses cause mild flu-like symptoms but

Uploaded by

MatthiasX12
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

RNA VIRUSES

Enveloped

Nonenveloped
(+) ssRNA

(+) ssRNA

dsRNA segmented

Toga Arbo

Reo

Astro (enteric)

contaminated food/water

Calici

Rotavirus V

Norwalk

viremia for 1-4weeks

Linear
Rhabdo

HIV

Paramyxo
RSV V

HCV

person-person

Measles

Yellow Fever
WNV

ECHO

respiratory aerosols

Mumps

viremia for 1-2weeks


<1% get meningitis or encephalitis

Filo person-person
close personal contact with body fluids

Adults over 40
major cause of arbo virus encephalitis

St. Louis

Coxsackie

Ebola

Corona

Polio

direct inoculation of
infected nasal secretions into
conjunctivae or nasopharynx

Parainfluenza V

Dengue (VHF)

Entero

infected secretions,
(saliva via animal bite),
inhalation of aerosolized
virus, inoculation of intact
mucosa, or via transplant
of infected tissue

Rabies

Onco

blood-borne transmission

Picor na

HDV

blood, semen, vaginal secretions

Flavi Arbo

HEV

Rhino

(-) ssRNA

blood-borne, transplacental, breast feeding, needle sharing,


NOT transmitted by non-sexualk contact, urine exposure , saliva

Rubella

Hepe

circular(-) ssRNA

Lenti

WEE / EEE

fecal-oral w/ occasional airborne transmission

HAV

Retrovirus

Marburg

person-person via resp droplets

Segmented
Arena
DNA VIRUSES

Lassa (VHF)
Bunya Arbo

Enveloped

Nonenveloped

rodent to man or
person to person

Hanta (HPS, VHF)

inhalation of aresolized rodent waste

linear ssDNA
Parvo

linear dsDNA

respiratory route
viremia only in immunocompromised
infects erythroid precursors
infectious/lytic in adults -nonspecific flu-like
non-infectious/immunologic in kids
-Fifth Disease - slapped cheeks -self-limited
aplastic crisis in sickle cell pt
hydrops fetalis if mom is seronegative

Adeno

circular dsDNA
Papilloma

linear dsDNA

repiratory droplets or fecal route


capsomere assymbly in cytoplasm
transported into nucleus for DNA
direct contact, including skin-to-skin,
kids
sexual contact, and via fomites
-hemorrhagic cystitis (11,21)
-gastroenteritis (40,41) SUMMER
-conjunctivitis -pink-eye WINTER
viremia only in immunocompromised
Slow Virus Encephalitis -PML
Adult febrile resp infxn (4,7) MILITARY
E1A bind pRB, p300 and inhibs IFN w/ VA RNA
BKV Nephritis
E1B binds p53
mostly in renal transplant patients
E3 (19-binds MHCI internally)
E3 (14-binds TNF, down regs Fas and TRAIL, inhibs AA release)
E3 (10-binds EGFR on adjacent cells)
E4 binds and disables host ribosomes
VA RNA inhibs IFN with E1A
TP acts as primer on end repeats

circular dsDNA

Herpes

spread via close contact or raspiratory (airborne)

EBV (HHV-4)

Polyma

spread via close contact . saliva

CMV (HHV-5)

JCV

Orthomyxo

Hepadna part ssDNA part dsDNA

VZV (HHV-3)

HPV

California

HBV

SUBUNIT VACCINE

Influenza V

person to person
airborne transmission

transcription in nucleus,
assymbly in cytoplasm

blood-borne transmission

#1 congenital infection (transplacental): CID of newborn, jaundice.


#1 opportunistic (AIDS): retinitis, encephalitis

spread via close contact . transfusions, transplacental

Roseola (HHV-6/7)

spread via close contact or raspiratory (airborne)

BKV

KSV (HHV-8)

sexual transmission, transfusion

Pox

spread human to human via direct contact with body fluids or inhalation of airborne droplets (until skin scabs fall off )

ALL RNA viruses replicate entirely within the cytoplasm EXCEPT for influenza and retroviruses
ALL DNA viruses replicate in part in the nucleus EXCEPT for POX (which replicates entirely in the cytoplasm)
Envelopes come from plasma membrane EXCEPT FOR: HSV (primary envelope), coronaviruses, and POX (which generates at least part of its own lipid content)

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