Online - Uwin.ac - Id: Bachelor in Economics (S.E) : Manajemen

Course : Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi (1507PIE06)
online.uwin.ac.id
Bachelor in Economics (S.E): Manajemen
UWIN eLearning Program
Session Topic : Cost of Production

Course: Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi
By Tovan Krisdianto, S.E., M.M.
Content
Part 1
Definisi Fungsi & Biaya Produksi
Part 2
Fungsi Produksi
Part 3
Biaya Produksi
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- 1507PIE06-
Hal 3
Part1: Definisi Fungsi & Biaya Produksi
Law of Supply: Firms
The Law of Supply

a. Firms are,
willing to produce &
sell a greater quantity of a good
when the price of the good is high.
b. This results in a supply curve that slopes upward.
Tujuan Perusahaan
Tujuan ekonomis dari sebuah perusahaan adalah utk
memaksimalisasi keuntungan.
Profit = Total revenue - Total cost
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Hal 5
Costs: Costs as Opportunity Costs
What is Total Cost?
Defn:
A firms cost of
production includes,
all the opportunity
costs of making its
output of
goods & services.
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Hal 6
Costs: Explicit & Implicit Costs
A firms cost of production include,

a. Explicit costs &
b. Implicit costs.
a. Explicit costs
Involve a direct money outlay for factors of production.
b. Implicit costs
Do not involve a direct money outlay.
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Hal 7
Costs: Economic versus Accounting Profit
How a Firm is viewed by

an Economist
an Accountant
Economic
profit
Revenue
Implicit
costs
Explicit
costs
Accounting
profit
Revenue
Total
opportunity
costs
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Explicit
costs
Hal 8
Costs: Economic versus Accounting Profit (Cont.)
Economic Profit versus Accounting Profit

When total revenue exceeds both,
explicit & implicit costs,
the firm earns economic profit.
Economic profit is smaller than accounting profit.
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Hal 9
Part2: Fungsi Produksi
Fungsi Produksi: Definisi & Kurva
Fungsi Produksi dgn 1 faktor

produksi variabel
Q = f(K,L)
Q = Tingkat Output
K = Barang Modal
L = Tenaga Kerja/Labor
Kurva: Fungsi Produksi

150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
Kuantitas Output
(Es krim per hour)
Fungsi Produksi.
Defn:
Menunjukkan hubungan antara
kuantitas input yg
digunakan
utk membuat barang &
kuantitas output barang
tersebut.
Jumah Tenaga kerja

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Hal 11
Fungsi Produksi: A Production Function & Total Cost
Product of Labor
No. of
Workers
(a)
Output
Eskrim/Jam
(b)
50
Factory
(e)
Workers
(f)
Total Inputs
(g)=(e)+(f)
30
30
50
50
30
10
40
90
40
45
30
20
50
120
30
40
30
30
60
140
20
35
30
40
70
150
10
30
30
50
80
Marginal
Average
(c)=d(b)/d(a) (d)=(a)/(b)
Cost of (in USD)
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Hal 12
Fungsi Produksi: Marginal Product
Marginal Product
Dari suatu input apapun
dalam proses produksi
adalah
peningkatan kuantitas output
diperoleh dari unit
tambahan input itu.
Marginal
product
Additional output
Additional input
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Hal 13
Fungsi Produksi: Hubungan dgn Biaya Total
Product of Labor
No. of
Workers
(a)
Output
Eskrim/Jam
(b)
50
Factory
(e)
Workers
(f)
Total Inputs
(g)=(e)+(f)
30
30
50
50
30
10
40
90
40
45
30
20
50
120
30
40
30
30
60
140
20
35
30
40
70
150
10
30
30
50
80
Marginal
Average
(c)=d(b)/d(a) (d)=(a)/(b)
Cost of (in USD)
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Hal 14
Fungsi Produksi: Hubungan dgn Biaya Total (Lanjut)
Kurval-Biaya Total
80
Biaya Total
(dalam USD)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
20
40
60
80
100 120 140
Kuantitas Output
(jumlah unit)
- 1507PIE06-
Hal 15
Part3: Biaya Produksi
Biaya Produksi: Biaya Tetap & Tidak Tetap
Biaya,
a. Tetap (Fixed costs)
Defn: Biaya2 yg tidak berubah dgn penambahan output.
b. Tidak tetap (Variable costs)

Defn: Biaya2 yg berubah seiring dgn penambahan ouput perusahaan
Total,
a. Fixed Costs (TFC)
b. Variable Costs (TVC)
c. Costs (TC)
TC = TFC + TVC
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Hal 17
Biaya Produksi: Tabel Total Costs
Quantity
Cost (in USD)

Fixed (FC)
Variable (VC)
Total
3.00
0.00
3.00
3.00
0.30
3.30
3.00
0.80
3.80
3.00
1.50
4.50
3.00
2.40
5.40
3.00
3.50
6.50
3.00
4.80
7.80
3.00
6.30
9.30
3.00
8.00
11.00
3.00
9.90
12.90
10
3.00
12.00
15.00
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Hal 18
Biaya Produksi: Biaya Rata2
Biaya Rata2 (Average costs)

Defn: Biaya produksi per satu unit produk yg dihasilkan.
Didapatkan dgn membagi Total Cost dgn jumlah unit yg diproduksi
Average,
a. Fixed Costs (AFC)
b. Variable Costs (AVC)
c. Total Costs (ATC)
ATC = AFC + AVC
1. AFC =
2. AVC =
3. ATC =
- 1507PIE06-
Fixed cost
Quantity
Variable cost
Quantity
Total cost
Quantity
FC
Q
VC
Q
TC
Q
Hal 19
Biaya Produksi: Biaya Produksi Jangka Pendek
Quantity
AFC (in USD)
AVC (in USD)
ATC (in USD)
3.00
0.30
3.30
1.50
0.40
1.90
1.00
0.50
1.50
0.75
0.60
1.35
0.60
0.70
1.30
0.50
0.80
1.30
0.43
0.90
1.33
0.38
1.00
1.38
0.33
1.10
1.43
10
0.30
1.20
1.50
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Hal 20
Biaya Produksi: Biaya Marginal
Biaya Marginal/Marginal Cost (MC)

Mengukur berapa besar Total Cost akan naik bila
perusahaan memproduksi 1 unit lebih banyak.
Q: Berapakah biayanya utk memproduksi tambahan 1 unit?

A:
MC = (change in total cost) = TC
(change in quantity)
Q
MC = AVC
- 1507PIE06-
Hal 21
Biaya Produksi: Biaya Produksi Jangka Pendek
Total Cost
Qua
ntit
y
Fixed
(FC)
Variable
(VC)
FC+VC
Marginal
Cost
3.00
3.00
3.00
0.30
3.00
Average Cost
Fixed
(AFC)
Variable
(AVC)
Total
(AFC+AVC)
3.30
0.30
3.00
0.30
3.30
0.80
3.80
0.50
1.50
0.40
1.90
3.00
1.50
4.50
0.70
1.00
0.50
1.50
3.00
2.40
5.40
0.90
0.75
0.60
1.35
3.00
3.50
6.50
1.10
0.60
0.70
1.30
3.00
4.80
7.80
1.30
0.50
0.80
1.30
3.00
6.30
9.30
1.50
0.43
0.90
1.33
3.00
8.00
11.00
1.70
0.38
1.00
1.38
3.00
9.90
12.90
1.90
0.33
1.10
1.43
10
3.00
12.00
15.00
2.10
0.30
1.20
1.50
- 1507PIE06-
Hal 22
Biaya Produksi: Total Cost Curve
Biaya
B
A
Kuantitas
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Hal 23
Biaya
Biaya Produksi: Marginal Cost Curve
Kuantitas
- 1507PIE06-
Hal 24
Biaya
Biaya Produksi: Average Fixed Cost Curve
Kuantitas
- 1507PIE06-
Hal 25
Biaya
Biaya Produksi: Average Variable Cost
Kuantitas
- 1507PIE06-
Hal 26
Biaya
Biaya Produksi: Average Total Cost
Kuantitas
- 1507PIE06-
Hal 27
Biaya
Biaya Produksi: MC, ATC, AVC & AFC
Kuantitas
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Hal 28
Biaya Produksi: Tabel Biaya Produksi
- 1507PIE06-
Hal 29
Biaya Produksi: Kurva Biaya Total
Biaya
C
A
D
E
Kuantitas
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Hal 30
Biaya Produksi: MC, ATC, AVC & AFC
Biaya
Kuantitas
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Hal 31
Biaya Produksi: Biaya Marginal
a. Biaya Marginal pada akhirnya akan meningkat seiring

dgn penambahan kuantitas produksi
b. Kurva Average-Total-Cost berbentuk seperti huruf U.
c. Kurva Marginal-Cost (MC) akan berpotongan dgn,
Kurva Average-Total-Cost (ACT) pada saat
Average Total Cost berada pada titik paling rendah
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Hal 32
Course : Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi (1507PIE06)
online.uwin.ac.id
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Online - Uwin.ac - Id: Bachelor in Economics (S.E) : Manajemen

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Course : Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi (1507PIE06)

UWIN eLearning Program

Session Topic : Cost of Production

Definisi Fungsi & Biaya Produksi

Part1: Definisi Fungsi & Biaya Produksi

Law of Supply: Firms

The Law of Supply

Costs: Costs as Opportunity Costs

What is Total Cost?

Costs: Explicit & Implicit Costs

A firms cost of production include,

Costs: Economic versus Accounting Profit

How a Firm is viewed by

Costs: Economic versus Accounting Profit (Cont.)

Economic Profit versus Accounting Profit

Economic profit is smaller than accounting profit.

Part2: Fungsi Produksi

Fungsi Produksi: Definisi & Kurva

Fungsi Produksi dgn 1 faktor

Kurva: Fungsi Produksi

Jumah Tenaga kerja

Fungsi Produksi: A Production Function & Total Cost

Cost of (in USD)

Fungsi Produksi: Marginal Product

Fungsi Produksi: Hubungan dgn Biaya Total

Cost of (in USD)

Fungsi Produksi: Hubungan dgn Biaya Total (Lanjut)

100 120 140

Part3: Biaya Produksi

Biaya Produksi: Biaya Tetap & Tidak Tetap

b. Tidak tetap (Variable costs)

Biaya Produksi: Tabel Total Costs

Cost (in USD)

Biaya Produksi: Biaya Rata2

Biaya Rata2 (Average costs)

Biaya Produksi: Biaya Produksi Jangka Pendek

AFC (in USD)

AVC (in USD)

ATC (in USD)

Biaya Produksi: Biaya Marginal

Biaya Marginal/Marginal Cost (MC)

Q: Berapakah biayanya utk memproduksi tambahan 1 unit?

Biaya Produksi: Biaya Produksi Jangka Pendek

Biaya Produksi: Total Cost Curve

Biaya Produksi: Marginal Cost Curve

Biaya Produksi: Average Fixed Cost Curve

Biaya Produksi: Average Variable Cost

Biaya Produksi: Average Total Cost

Biaya Produksi: MC, ATC, AVC & AFC

Biaya Produksi: Tabel Biaya Produksi

Biaya Produksi: Kurva Biaya Total

Biaya Produksi: MC, ATC, AVC & AFC

Biaya Produksi: Biaya Marginal

a. Biaya Marginal pada akhirnya akan meningkat seiring

Course : Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi (1507PIE06)

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