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K.C. Thin Et Al. - Design and Performance Analysis of Centrifugal Pump
K.C. Thin Et Al. - Design and Performance Analysis of Centrifugal Pump
I. INTRODUCTION
422
Q
H
(8)
D0 is the eye diameter of impeller.
Do = K o 3
(10)
(1)
The torsional moment is estimated by:
(11)
(2)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(9)
Q
n
r = 1
(3)
0.42
(logD 0 0.172) 2
(16)
(4)
(17)
Pump efficiency is
o = m v r
(5)
(19)
The minimum clearance between the war ring and casing is:
= 10-3 Dy
(20)
(7)
423
(22)
A1 =
Do= 45 mm
b2 = 8 mm
Dbt= 10 mm
Lh= 16 mm
2
D0
4
(25)
(23)
(26)
A 2 = D 2 b 2
The radius in cascade is divided into nine sections between
inlet area A1 and outlet area A2. So, variable parameters in
cascade are calculated as nine sections.
A2
(24)
A1
Lh
Fig. 3 Variable Areas in Cascade
TABLE I
VARIABLE PARAMETERS IN CASCADE
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
25
32
37
42.5
48
55
65
75.7
88.4
1590
1720
1780
1830
1890
1980
2100
2200
2300
10.123
8.555
7.657
6.853
6.267
5.729
5.142
4.638
4.141
14
12.5
11
9.5
8.2
7
5.3
4
3
1.184
0.332
0.485
0.779
1.201
1.594
2.413
2.957
3.211
47
44
40
35
31
30
28
26
25
5
4.8
4.65
4.6
4.5
4.3
4.15
4
3.8
6.837
6.911
7.234
8.02
8.737
8.6
8.839
9.125
8.992
TABLE II
VARIABLE PARAMETERS IN CASCADE
No.
t1
Qk
Vm
Vr
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
26.179
33.509
38.745
44.505
50.264
57.594
68.066
79.061
92.569
0.738
0.793
0.813
0.819
0.826
0.851
0.87
0.885
0.903
40
40
40
37.5
35
32.5
30
30
30
3112
3112
3112
3112
3112
3112
3112
3112
3112
1.957
1.809
1.748
1.701
12.092
12.269
12.341
12.209
12.073
11.958
11.858
11.975
12.081
3.045
2.815
2.719
2.794
2.871
2.925
2.964
2.829
2.706
1.646
1.571
1.482
1.415
1.353
In this result, the outlet area is greater than the inlet are of
impeller. If the radius of impeller is changed, other parameters
are also variable which parameters are power, length,
424
2500
Area, A
2000
1500
500
A. Theoretical Head
The Euler head is determined from zero to maximum
theoretically attainable flow using.
(27)
The theoretical head: Hth = 1/gU2Vu2
1000
20
40
60
80
100
Radius
(28)
where Vm2 and 2 are outlet flow velocity and outlet blade
angle.
Vr1
12
V1
10
Vr2
V2
Vm2
U1
Vu2
U1
21
0
0
20
40
60
80
18
100
15
Vm
Vr
V
Hth, m
12
9
6
3
0
0
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
425
H thn
U V
= 2 u2
g
9
8
7
6
(29)
(30)
htsn, m
4
3
2
1
= 1
(sin 2 )
1 Z 0.7
0.001
(31)
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
0.006
0.007
0.008
20
18
Fig. 7 is the flow rate versus the shock loss of head. The
shock loss of head increases when the flow rate decreases.
Shock loss does not have in the design point condition. If this
condition is over, the shock loss of head is high.
16
14
Hthn, m
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
h1 =
C. Shock Losses
The major loss considered is shock losses at the impeller
inlet caused by the mismatch of fluid and metal angles. Shock
losses can be found everywhere in the flow range of the
pump. Shock Losses are given by following equation:
hs = k(Qs-QN)2
D 2
b2
sin 2
Z
(32)
U U1
The shut off head: Hshut-off = 2
2g
b 2 (D 2 D1 )(Vr1 + Vr2 ) 2
2sin 2 H r 4g
(35)
(36)
(33)
Vr 1 =
(34)
Vm1
sin 1
426
(37)
Vm2
sin 2
(38)
0.45
0.4
0.35
Di
8
(44)
0.3
h1, m
0.25
0.2
0.15
3 10-9
0.1
2.510-9
h2, m
0.05
0
0
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
510-9
The volute losses versus flow rate graph are Fig. 11. The
volute friction loss of head increases when the flow rate is
increased. The volute friction coefficient decreases for small
values of the volute flow coefficient
F. Disk Friction Losses
The impeller was designed to investigate the effect of disk
friction on total power. The disk friction increases
proportionally to the fifth power of disk diameter In order to
examine the relation between the height of disk friction losses
and the geometry of disks in real centrifugal pump housing
disks without and with modified outlet sections with various
numbers, angles and widths are investigated. Disks with
modified outlet sections were examined to approach a real
impeller in real centrifugal pump housing.
The disk friction power is divided by the flow rate and head
to be added to the theoretical head when the shaft power
demand is calculated.
The disk friction loss is;
(39)
Q
A3
(40)
D2
)
D3
(41)
D
f 3 ( )5
2
h3 =
10 9 Q s
C v = 1 + (0.02
L vm
)
D vm
(42)
D i
=
8
V3 =
1.510-9
110-10
C V
h2 = v 3
2g
210-9
(45)
(43)
427
0.016
0.014
510-6
0.012
0.01
310-6
h4, m
h3, m
410-6
210-6
0.008
0.006
110-6
0.004
0
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.002
0.008
0.001 0.002
0.006 0.007
G. Recirculation Losses
The recirculation loss coefficient depends on the piping
configuration upstream of the pump in addition to the
geometrical details of the inlet. The power of recirculation is
also divided by the volume flow rate, like the disk friction
power, in order to be converted into a parasitic head.
The head of recirculation is;
Q s 2.5
)
Q0
0.004 0.005
h 4 = K 3 D1 2 (1
0.003
(46)
Hact= Hthn ( hs + h1+ h2 + h3 + h4 )
16
14
12
Hact, m
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
428
(47)
[3]
[4]
Hth
Hthn
Hact
h2
h1
h3
h4
hs
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
IV. CONCLUSION
We show some looses of centrifugal pump with the values
Q and H are determined for the various operating points.
Centrifugal pumps are fluid-kinetic machines designed for
power increase within a rotating impeller. In centrifugal
pumps, the delivery head depends on the flow rate. This
relationship, also called pump performance, is illustrated by
curves. To get characteristic curve of a centrifugal pump,
values of theoretical head, slip, shock losses, recirculation
losses and other friction losses are calculated by varying
volume flow rate.
In a today competitive and sophisticated technology,
centrifugal pump is more widely used than any other
applications because the advantages of following factors are
effect on the centrifugal pump.
1. Its initial cost is low
2. Efficiency is high
3. Discharge is uniform and continuous flow
4. Installation and maintenance is easy.
5. It can run at high speeds without the risk of separation
of flow.
The performance analysis of centrifugal pump is also
predicted in this paper. The impeller friction losses, volute
friction losses and disk friction losses are considered to less
the friction effect on centrifugal pump. Moreover,
recirculation losses are also considered. And then, the actual
performance curve of centrifugal pump is predicted obtained.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
429