cw TECHNICALREPORT prot * TRP-Mso60 November 1996 Buffer and Barrier Fluids by Gordon Buck, Anne-Laure Louarn, Joe Sehnal, Florian Wisniewski Increasingly restrictive regulations on leakage and satety have reeuited in an increase in the number of multiple Seal arrangements. All wet mulisie seals use an extemal fluid in adeition tothe process fluid that isto be sealed. ‘The terms ‘butter fluid" and ‘Barter fluid are used to eserbe these fluids. As delined in API 682, a butfer uid is used in unpressurized cual seals ((eaditional tandem seal arrangements). A barrier fluid is used in pressurized dual seals to isolate the pump process liquid from the environment, Gases may be used as butler or barrier liuids depending on the design of the mechanical seals. The folowing information focuses on liquid butter or barter fuics, The fist part ofthis paper defines the properties and families of bufer end barrier fluids. The second pad discusses circulation systems, an essential ation for the reliable operation of eealing systems. !- Selecting a Buffer/Barrier Fluid Several crtcal properties should be looked at when selecting @ barrier or butter tid. Following are a few guidelines aimed at a better understanding ol whet a good lubricant should ba, The words in alc are defined in the appendix of this paper. A. One of the most important properties of a good butter or barrier fluid is its viscosity. The fluid should be thick enough to separate surlaces, preven! wear, yet thin enough lo allow tree movement, carry away heat and evoid carbon blistering a carson ring is being used. As a general cule, the following limitations are proposed: ™ Al process temperature, the viscosity should stay below 180 eSt (695 SUS) to provide adequate flow Tales, and should ncl exceed 100 cSt (482 SUS) lubricating a carton ting to avoid carbon Disterng 4 The lower viscosity limit is teSt (31 SUS). ™ Atstar-upe, when the bulleribarter fluid is at ambiant temperature, the pump may overheat due to the high viscosity ofthe ‘luid (the viecosity wit then decrease with increasing temperature). ‘The needed sheat force and heat generation may be so high that it could damage the seal According to API 682, the maximum viscosity at ‘minimum temperature should be 500 ¢St (2310 SUS). Minimum temperature should be at least S*F (2.8°C) above pour potat, and of course above freezing point. A heater may be added on the reservoir to keep the fluid al process temperature ‘and eliminate cold starts, 7 1 If the fluid is being exposed to a wide temperature range, its viscosity index should be maximized to ensure a siable viscosty, B. A good butter or barrier {luld should be a good heat transfer fluid. ‘The butfer/bartier uid should remove heat generated at the faces very quickly. The physical properties ofa fuid that reflect ihisabiity ére thermal conductivity and specific heat. The higher the process temperature, the highet these vaives should be. Water has a very good heat transter abilty. The specific gravity should be atleast at 0.7 at process tempereture. A higher specific gravity decreases the required flow rate and allows beter heat rernoval. ©. A good barrier or butter fluid should not present any potential danger whether equipment is running or stationary. Safety should be a top pricrity when selecting @ fui, t ‘should first not be 2 listed VOC (Volatile Organic (Compound) or VHAP (Volatile Hazardous Air Pollutants) ‘and second not be larnmable in the considered application. A process temperature at or above balling point would ccause the lormation of vapor on and around the sealing faces on the atmospheric side. it would net only promote shortened seal life or catastrophic failure, but formed vapor could be a fire risk. The butferMuid frequently operates near almospheric pressure bul can potentially teach the same temperature as the pump it serves ‘Therefore the atmospheric boiling point must be considered and should be ai least 50°F (27.8°C) above the process temperature, Flash point, and of course fire point must be at east 20°F (11.1°C) above process service temperature 10 avoid any vapor flammability risks. Vapor pressure ‘and volatility should be checked at ambien! temperature ‘and pressure Reler to the MSDS sheet for proper handling and storage.D, The fluid must be compatibte with the ‘metallurgy, elastomers and other materials of the sealing system. Lubricants are generally non-corrosive to hardware and faces. Atention needs to be focused on the elastomeric pars ofthe seal that are more susceplisie {0 chemical feaction ‘The compatiitty of a synthetic rubber with an oll is ependent on the value of the aniline point of the oil A lov aniline pcint causes high to extreme swelling of the elastomer, it results in softening of the elastomer that may permit extrusion of the secondary seal under high pressure, overdampening of the primary ring, and intertace tuid lim depletion. Utimately, the faces may ‘bum up or the seal rings may erack under tensile loads. On the other hand, ifthe aniline point of the oils too high, lt wit cause the secondary seals to shinkandharden, leading to secondary seal allure Table 1 cn page 4 gives a briel overview of fuid/ elastomer compatilies, E. The fluid should also be highly eompatible with the process pumpage being sealed. This compatibility is desired whether a butler or barrier fiuid is being considered. Situations that tend fo eause any reaction are to be avoided The formation ol gases, particles, high viscosity liquide or vapore 28 2 consequence would disiurb the fluid flow, plate the seal faces or cause wear and leakage. Each fivid must be individually considered based on is chemical compatibility with the process stream. Concult @ Process engineer al the customer's facity. Caution: The barter or butter lluid slightly contaminates the process stream, Therefore itis important that the chosen barter fluid meets the requirements of tha end Users, i. those who will buy the purpage, John Crane omers should also consult with their clients regarding emical compalislity of the barrer?butferfuid with their end product, F. Foaming risks are to be avoided. In pressurized systems, the barrier fluid is ten pressurized by using 2 cas blanket (usualy nitrogen) per ‘API flush plan $3 In this case, problems can occur when the gas is absorbed into the barriarfuid. As pressure Telieved or temperatures rise, gas may be released from the uid, This release of gas can cause foaming, resulting in loss of lubrication, heat transter and citeuation, John Crane's policy is a maximum of 450 psig and a temperature limit o! 250°F (139°C) when nitrogen is used to pressurize a system This limit should be agjusted depending upon the barrier fluid used. its gas solubility is high, the limit should be lowered. API 682 does not recommend pressunzation above 150 psig with a gas bianket. At higher pressure, a circulating system that does ‘ol put the gas in direct contact with the lubricant should be used, such as 2 piston pressurization or an oivaie Circulating pump. In the case of a bulter fluid vented to lalmesphere, a good choice is to use a lubricant with a low 928 solubilty and a low vapor pressure The las etve hat needs 0 be aderesed i te importance ol th size a he nieVouliel ports ond pp diameters (see part Ill), Big diameters will allow air bie bubbles to move away and prevent nem liom sepping the fuiéchculton,unike emsterdameters that el tap Bubbles slong the walls ol he tube or poe. G. Fluid stability must be ensured for a longer maintenance eycle time. ‘The greater the stabiliy ofthe tuid, the longer the ‘mainienance interval. Fluids exposed to oxygen must resist oxidation al operating and stalic conditions, Tha oxidation of the fic causes the formation of acids and carbonized by-products. This results in carbon deposit on the faces (coking), viscosity change, and loss of sealing and heat transler propedies, The oxidation resistance of a uid is indicated by its total acie! numb ‘Synthetic ols are more suscepiile o acid formation then hydrocarbons. Unpressurized butter fluids may loose volatile materials, causing an adverse etfect on thei orginal performance’ characteristics. Highly volatile fuids may cause as well <éangerous conditions and pressure drop. Fluids wilh fow vapor pressure are essential fo keep the volume of the lubricant constaat, To summarize, an idea! butfer/barrier fluid would have the following properties: sale to use, handle, store not a VOC, 'VHAP or other regulated compound ‘onflammabe (good lubricity ‘ood heat transter properties ‘compatible with process fhid ‘compaiible with seal materia Good flow qualities al very low temperatures femains a stable liquid at ambient temperatures nonfoaming when prassurlzed lowr solubiity of gas 1 Inexpensive Restrictions on use of some chemical compounds has caused users and manulacturers of mechanical seals to review their recommendations on butter or barrier fluids. As a resull, some traditional and readily available fluids ‘are no longer recommended. For example, the higher viscosity lubricating oll are likely o cause blistering of a carbon seal face. Automatic transmission luid and automoliye antilreeze contain adaitives that form deposits fon the seal faces. Methanol and ethylene glycol are regulated VHAP. I~ John Crane Barrier/Buffer Fluid Families To aid in the selection of butfer and barre fluids, John Crane has established six groups or families’, where fluids of tixe composition and/or properties are classiti glycol solutions and water alcohols kerosenes and diesel fuels ‘ petroleum based hydraulic and lubricating oils . synthetic hydraulic ols, heal transfer fluids ™moom>Following «a clecussion on some commonly used ids In each family A. Glycol Solutions and Water Automotive antifreeze is nol recommended Water. Water can be @ good bariedbuter uid Vieeaeity is generally arcund 1 eS (37 SUS) at modest temperatures: however the viscony is ew at 212 °F (100°C) ~ which sao the atmosphere boling pein. Also, i many clrates,waler may treeze at arent conditions Ethylene glycoUwater. A 50/50 mixture has been successtully used as 2 butter fluid for tandem seal arrangements in many services. Hewever, ethylene glycol 's now ciassified as a VHAP and is being replaced by propylene glyco Propylene glycovwater. A 50/50 mixture has become @ recommended butler tid for many services. B. Alcohols Caution: Aicohois can have a high rale of evaporation. Frequent re-ils may be required en a plan 52 (unpressurzed utter fluid). Check the properties of the ‘alcohol type that is being considered, Methanol, Although methanol has been used in the past 2s a butfer fluid for tandem seals in low temperature Services. itis a VHAP and Is not recommended. In addition to being toxic, methanol hae & low boiting point ‘and low viscosity. Nis not a good seal face lubricant, Propanol. 1-Propancl, or n-propyl alcohol, has replaced methanol ae @ bute fui for low temperature services, It thas become one of the recommended butter fWvids for low tempersiute applications, ©. Kerosene end Diesel Fuel The viscosty of diesel fuels and deodorizec kerosenes ‘can provide adequate seal face lubrication through @ wide temperature range, Although nat a flashing hydrocarbon according to API 662, diesel tuels and kerosenes may be lassilied as volatile organic compounds (VOC), especialy al higher temperatures D. Petroleum Based Hydraulic and Lubricating Gile Lube cils. Although tutbine ols have been used ‘extensively in the past, experience is that the anti Weatloxidation resistant additives plate out on the seal faces. Reference temperatures of 40°C (104*F) and 400°C (212"F) are conventions used in measuring properties o lube oils. For example, an ISO grade 68 oil has 2 viscosity o! approximately 68 eSt at 40°C. John’ Crane's experience is that the lower viscosity grades, {less than Grade 2) provide betier performance, Paralinic Based ols seem fo be better than napthenic oils. Bistering of carton seal laces is common when lube oils are used as bullexbarier fluids -- espacielly ISO Grades 32 and higher Experience has shown thal synthetic oils pertorm better than conventional turbine oils; this may be panialy due to the (generally) lower viscosity ol the synthetics Automatic transmission fluid. Auometic ransmission fluid nas the proper range of viscosities but is not commended. Actual experience has generally been thal ‘automatic tranemission fluid is a poor barrier fluid: the ‘assumption is that he various additives are the proSiem, E. Synthetic Sased Hydraulic and Lubricating Oils ‘A number ol synthetic lubricants have been developed in recent years ‘There are numerous synthetic Wbrcants available in the ‘markelplace A number of these are under evaluation. Royal Purple Barrier Fluid 22. Royal Purple Barter Fluid 22, as an example, was developed specifically for utfertoarrer fluid FDA service and has proven to be a very effective buffer or barrier fluid both in laboratory tests and in the fel, F. Heat Transter Fluids Heat transfer fluids tha! have the abilty to provide ‘adequate lubrication throughout a wide range of temperatures and pressures can be used as bullet or barrier fuids This class encompasses a broad spectrum ol chemical families (water, steam, inorganic sails, certain liquified metals, organic class fluids,..)This paper addresses the use of erganic class heat transtor fluids ‘They fall into two categories: ™ Petroleum based luids called hot cls? ™ Synthetic aromatic fuids, euch as Contherm HT. ‘They offer higher thermal stabilty, broader working temperatures range and are more etfecive than Petroleum hot cil. Dowtherm. Dowtherm is a family of synthetic heat lansfer fluids manufactured by Dow Chemical Company. Dowtherm types are A, G, LF, J, HT, and Q. Dowttierm HT is the recommended type for butler or Barrier fluid. General Guidelines tor John Crene Butter/@arrier Fluid Families ‘Table | shows general guidelines ot the John Crane Butle:/Bariec Fluid Families. Use of 2 fuid from these families does no! necessarily ensure succasstul operation of a sealing system. The lemperature range of each family covers all emperalure ranges of each fit included in this family. For a temperature range specific to a fluid, use Table I Caution: Check the allowable temperature range of elastomers before using them, Table | on page 4 addresses only chemical comps folly. The temperature range for fluid family might not be the sme the listed compatible elastomers. Details o! flow, temperature rise, e'c. must be checked or each application, Fluids in each family may be used in services more severe than indicated by the larnily specification providing that he propedies and lalifcations of the particular luid are deemed suitable ater appropriate engineering review.facaiaeerc tical Umit | Noles: Elestomer malarial coves are B= Cunan X = Fuucroelastomer Ne Neoprene X18 =Allas™ + Select appropiste compound based on aniline point of fui, * Check compattiity wit formulation, Tablet. Guidelines tor John Crane Butfer/Bartier Fluld Families Il- Piping Systems and Circulation The performance ofa banirfutlr lid depends on hs froperies, butis also closaly inked to the performance of the pumping ring and the design of the piping system. The folewing information gives a Broad overvow ol ceuiation systems and fui tow rates, API Pian 52 and 53 Figures 1-4 show the API schematics for AP! Plans 52 and 59, but cannot be used to predict the circulation rate, More details are required, Plan $2 uses an extemal reservoir to provide butler fluid for the outer seal of an unpressurized dual seal arrangement. During normal operation, circulation is ‘maintained by an intemal pumping ring, The reserveir ie usually conticuously vented to a vapor recovery system and is maintained al 2 pressure less than the pressure In the seal chamber. Figure 1. Plan 52 vo L nsdinaio (Fuld temporature) ees ly Minimum] aximurn| Elastomer seperate Fle lye go [eiyeae 20] 20 ies | 62 E18, Xe i peeren te ieee) [accra Insi as [is7| 70] ee x8 ie i T : F ecstceisei | 0] 1 freo] ea) xe, 8 x wae i a {so [seco [wef ao fon iso] Haare = [Synthetic Oils -25| +32 [480 | 249° NBt xX, X48 [eat Yorser Fuze | 0] 18 [eco [0 [Check conpattiny | torasch hut Can Ea Figure 2, Seal Chamber for Plan 52 For Plan 82, the reservoirs located as close as possible to the seal, The John Crane recommendation is that the bottom of the reservoir be 12 to 30 inches above the Centerine of the pump, and be within three feet, (horizontally) of the seal AP! 682 requires that the liquid level provides at least three feat of siatic head to the outer seal. Plan 83 uses a pressurized extemal barierlluid reservoir to supply clean fluid to the seal chamber. Cireulation is by fn intemal pumping ring or a thermosiphen, Reservoir ressure is greater than the process pressure being sealed, Plan 83 systems are very similar to Plan §2 systems except that Plan 83 is pressurized whereas Plan $2 ‘system is usually verted. Figure 3. Plan 53Tontemal | i leet to pressure ouee $ bemastatied Shove tum ine Recerwe [La a feo Ty aid Hl Figure 4. Seal Chamber for Plan 53 System Curves, ‘A system curve shows the relationship of flow and pressure As an example, in order fo produce more flow, ddlioral pressure (really pressure diference) is requted. Figure 3 shews an example of a system curve for water and lube oll. The relationship between required ciflerential head and flow rate depends on the considered system, In Figure 5, the vertical axis is the head (or pressure) that 's requited to produce the flow rate on the horizontal axis. For example, Ifa flowrate of 2 som of water is desired, then the pressure difference in the system must be about B feet of quid (9.5 psi ol wate’). The pumping ring creates the pressure dtference (exit pressure from the ppurrping ring minus entrance pressure te the pumping fing). the pumping ring is not capable of providing 3.5 psf a the two gpm flow rete, then the flow through the system wil not be two gpm. 23 48 Flowrate (gpm) Figure 5. ‘Comparison of System Curves for Water and Lube Olt ‘Some ofthe variables that affect the aystem curve are: pipe size, pipe length, number of fitings, type of fing, Static heae ang tyge o! fluid, Although the specilic gravity othe fluid has some affect on the system curve, viscosity is the mos! significant uid property. In particular, lubricating oll with viscosities greater than around 6 cSt (45.5 SUS) require more head to produce a given flow. Figure 5 shows that lo produce a llowrale of two gpm of lube cil, the pumping ritg must put up around 19 feel ol head. This compares to 8 feet of head when water is the fd, Figure 6 shows system curves for # typical Plan §2 or 53 system. These curves, based on waler, are approxima! ttue for viscosity less than 3 eSt (36 SUS). This figura ilustrates the importance of using large diameters. For ‘example, to circulate two gpm in 1/2" tubing requires @ iferenial head ol 15 feel (6.5 psi of water) but only 3 feet of head is required for 3/4" tubing 42" 18 Ga Tebing ay e” va" sonse 2s : z 3 18 Ga Ting 20 & i. fue scH180 0 ot oz 3 4 8 Flowate (gpm) Figure 6. Plan 2 System Curves for Water Pumping Rings ‘Any rotating component can produce some pressure from Ccontrifugal etfecis. Even a smooth disk will act ike a pump. to some degree. Naturally, the pumping effect is less than would be oblained from a irue impeller, however, t may til be adequate, This pumping effects greatly enhanced ifthe rotating element is placed near a tangentially directed outlet pon. ‘The pumping etfect is Increased when the clearance between the rolaling element and outlet port is decreased. Keeping this effec in mind helps to emphasize thal the clearance between any rotating component and the inlet port should be greater than the clearance at the outlet ort Altemately the inlet port can be made tangentially (but opposite to the outlet), Testing has shown that Increased radia clearances improve flow on paddle whee! (racial low) pumping ring. Figure 7 shows the measured performance curve for a 2.518" Type 88-1 seal al 2600 mpm. Outlet ports were tangential ana a" in diameter, Performance is shown ‘with and without the axial ew pumping ring. Pumping rate is much lower without an axial flow pumping ting; however, in many cases even this reduced performance may be adequate.+ 2 3 4s Fewrate gpm) Figure 7. Pertormance Curve for a 2-5/8” Type BB1 ‘at 3600 rpm on water. Tangential exit used 3/8” Siameter ports. Combined Pumping Ring end System Curves ‘The actual circulation rate depends on both the pumping ‘ing pertormance curve and the system curve. In act, he circulation rate is determined Dy the intersection of these two curves. Figure & shows the performance of a 2-1/4" ‘2¢al flow pumping rng in water, The radially directed ports were 1/2° diameter. Figure shows that the expected circulation rate at 3600 rpm would be around 5.6 opm for the standard Plan §2 system using 44" tubing. The circulation rata is reduced to around 2.1 gpm when 1/2" iubing is used. For this particular situation, either size tubing allows a reasonable circulation rats. 12" 16GaTe i 18.60 Teting 2 3 244" 36 Ga Tubing 7 23600 -pm 1200 rom AOaitee ca eeetera at Frowrate (gan) Figure 8. Performance of 2-1/4" axlel flow pumping ring in Plan 52 systems. Radially directed ports are +2" diameter, IV - Recommended Buffer and Barrier Fluids John Crane Testing John Crane has conducted @ number of tests on various butter and barrier tlds. Three types of tests have been ‘used to determine recommendations for using these tis, ‘The first test was a simple screening test designed to Select candidates for urtner testing with seals The Second lesi was carried out with a complete mechanical seal and sealing system on several selected fluids. The last series of tests has been conducted on a seal sysiem conlorming to API 682. Barrier and buffer lids were evaluated in a 100 hours sequence on a cartridge ‘seal. Pre and post test face measuremenis were taken, and critical operating conditions, such as temperatures, pressures, and horsepower were monitored. The process {uid was propane at ambient temperature. When a barrier fiuid was tested, the outboard seal was pressurized 25 pel above process pressure, A post test review and interpretation of test results concludes the folowing ® White mineral olls and silicon based oils produced very high torque and coelfictent of frctian in simple screening tests. Based on this result and poor field experience, these fluids were not tested further and are not recommended. © Grade 1S0 32 olls have shown mixed results: in general PAO’ based oils did not provide the best lubricity and caused signticant wear on the faces, The higher viseasty of ISO 32 oils is likely to cause carbon blstering, requirss a higher horsepower and generates mare heat. ISO 32 PAO-Based Synth-1 failed twice causing a high seal leakage and coking ‘on the faces, when tested as a barter fluid. Therelore this eis not recommended for use as a bartierbufer fluid, 180 32 PAO-Based Synth-2 generated a high horsepower while demonstrating poor heat transfor fond high face temperature. Based on these tasts and fieid experience viscosity grades higher than 32 are rol recommenced unless dictated by high temperature applications, @ Kerosene K1 successtully completed the test as a butter and barrier fui. Its low viscosity allowed low horsepower, low head pressure, and goed héat removal capability showed by low faces temperatures. Face conditions wore good alter the test. itis, therelore recommended as a butlerfbarrier lui, Kerosenes grades higher than K3 are not recommended elther as a barrier or buffer fluid due 10 their higher viscosity "PAO: Poly Aliphatic Olen Ostines the molecular structure of the organic tuid. Molecules are unsaturated (olefin) stalght chains (atiphate) of carton atoms 6© Synth-3 and Synth-4 low viscosity synthetic hydrocarbons gave excellent results and did not require a horsepower as high as ISO 32 oils due to their lower viscosity. They demonstrated good heal ‘tansler capabilies. Conditions of faces were excellent, © Synth-s, with a viscosity equivalent to an 1S 32 (grade, had disappointing results, It generated high Conversion Data Kinematie Vi the viscosity in ¢St at 2 detenmined temperature ol ¢°F, -osity Conversion Table To oblain the Saybalt Universal Viscosity equivalent to ‘mulliply the equivalent Saybolt Universal viscosity at 100"F by [1 (¢-100) « 0.000064}. ©.9; 10¢St al 210°F are equivalent 10 $8.8 - 1.0070, or 59.2 SUS at 210°F. face temperature and wear. This oll may be suggested for high temperature applications. © Diester-based oils such as Synth-6 performed well. In general, diester fluids demonstrate a better lubsciy than PAO based cils. However, performance varied widely among different manufacturers, Diester- based Synit-7 generated some grooving on the primary ring and high heat at the faces. Reasons for these resulls are under review. Conclusion: Oil-synthetics (non PAO) ran better, cooler than ISO 2 oils, and would provide a longer seal tle. Recommended Barrier and Butter Fluids Based on tests, fluid properties and field experience, the butter and Barrer fluids listed in Table tare recommended. Please refer to the customer's process ‘engineers to check compatiblity wit processed fluid, enti SUS Gent SUS Cent. SUS, stokes at 100°F_stokes at 100°F_stokes at 100°F| 1 sO. 12 659 32. 1497 2 26 14 734 38 1642 3 30 16 4188.7 4 gar 18882 AS19802 S$ 423 20 978 802814 6 455 22 1060 602774 7 4870 241146 70 328d 8 820 25 1233 80 3608 9 §54 28 124 8041S 0 sag 3040.9 t00__—462.0 ‘Temperature Conversions CF) (CC) +915 + 22 {CC} °F) -92) + 59 Table li, Kinematic Viscosity Conversion Table Sp] Vineoaly, RUS ‘Specie Pimp Tempersture Family | Foie wane er | @tempersere, to | pour | Boling | Heat @ Range, °C Polat Pale OF yaaa | Fane | “ere ‘ere | siuts'r iia | War Gio |Ehyane yet | car | 2st] oacoy | sora | zesmar | 076 ~taras | 16874 and Water | inwater (80% vat) Propyene geo! | 10s | 2scao| ozeos | 2a | zzznos | oro | oz | -2oae| vor7 in water (S0%0H) water wo | osanos | ozsees | suo | aiae0 1 | ase aorud | seo ‘Azshots [aPropyreonol ost | teare | oesaaz | testes | oer | oss | ooo |-tewtze| 157169 Werosanes [Xa kerosene | 0a3 | vaio “auras | soanay | 046 | 008s | -10raa | as0nz and Gases |x-2kerosene [085 | vaarze | osaos | soot | asonzr | cas | oes | -20/-29 | 2rona2 0 Diesel 083 | saarze| aeao3s | sae | asonz? | o4s | oo | -zovas | soos O2-diecel oas | 2705 | toaro | rss | seonez | o4s | cons | roe | rea? tbe oi | tube oes | t3anse| swaz | rsse | avenoa | 05 | -o08 | coz] vee Lube2 oes | assed | zeneo | roi | aasnes | -05 | -oos | 2ore7 | 2eero Lubes aso | ewer | 2anas | -sarso | soon | -05 | -oos | 2on67 | arsnas Syntet | Sym 3 oe | raz | asara| are | roar | osss | oc | -2s2 Aube ois | Syne ost | zanoso} sass] aoe | roost | 059 | o0es 25h Gieswe-tased | 086 | aranza | sasua4 | -sarso | asoass | 053 | 0079 eon? | aorer Synths eat ransler Aromate-t tor | 2ena5 | amar] asre | esoaes | 038 | oan seria | c00ais ice Table Il, Recommended Butter and Barrier Fluids* Appendix Critical properties definitions of barrier and butter fluids and related ASTM tests Property Definition Slandard | Comment Flesh Point, in“F | Temperature al which a tid gives of ‘ASTM Doz encugh flammable vapor to flash in the presence of aflame, The lamperature Varies with diferent fide. Flash pot fs 2 crlical factor in evaluating fre hazards, and should be higher than series temperature il in contact with oxygon. Pour Point, in"F | Lowest temperature at which auld wil | ASTMDS7 {ow or pour betore tuming into a gel. Pour points an imporiant consideration with low temperature applications and relrigarants, ‘nd should be atleast 5°F above minimum : lemperatute al which fid is exposed. Viseosity, in SUS, | It is the measure ofa relative resistance to | ASTM 02270 | The viscosty grade to be chosen St, or ePs a fluid to tow. Low viscosity thids flow | ASTM 02181 | depends on the emperature and the freely high fuids flow sluggishly. Unite are pressure range of he application. CSI (Cenlistoke), cPs (certipoise) or SUS High viscosity grades are sutable for (Gayboll Uriversal Seconds). very Figh temperatures. Viscosity Index | The viecostty index ofa fluid incicates the | ASTM 02270 degree of variation of viscosity with temperature. The higher the index, the Tao sabe the viscosty wi temperature change. Specific Gravity | The spectic gravy ofa iqudis he ratio | ASTM D250 cits density al spectied temperature to | ASTM D287 : that of wate at 60°F. A higher Sg decreases the required low rate and allows a better ow. Specific Heat in| Abiliy to abeore heat Bruner Thermal ‘Ability to Wanster haat Conductivity : in BTU. FUE ‘Aniline Point, ‘ASTM D611 in? perature al which two equal volumes of e and tid are miscible. appears to characterize the sweling action of a petroleum ei! on synthetic ubber. Corrosivity Abily tthe fui to interact chemically | ASTM D190 | This ASTM test moasures the with meta pars ofthe seaing system. | ASTM DEES | corroding action of petroleum products ‘on metal. A copper stip is Immersed Inthe tested fd in presence of oxygen and motafealalyst. Is color aller removal is ranked from 1 trough 4. The higher the index, the moro ‘corroded the sata, Tho index should be low (ta, 1b). Corosion rate ol 0.002"/ yris sought