Marlene Dietrich

Marie
Magdalene
Marlene
Dietrich
(/mrlenditrk/, German pronunciation: [malen
dit]; 27 December 1901 6 May 1992)[2] was a
German-American actress and singer.
Dietrich maintained popularity throughout her unusually
long show business career by continually re-inventing
herself, professionally and characteristically. In 1920s
Berlin, she acted on the stage, and in silent lms. Her performance as Lola-Lola in The Blue Angel (1930), directed
by Josef von Sternberg, brought her international fame
resulting in a contract with U.S. studio, Paramount Pictures. Dietrich had starring roles in Hollywood lms such
as Shanghai Express (1932) and Desire (1936). Dietrich
successfully traded on her glamorous persona and exotic (to Americans) looks, cementing her super-stardom
and becoming one of the highest-paid actresses of the era.
Dietrich became a U.S. citizen in 1939,[3] and throughout World War II she was a high-prole frontline entertainer. Although she still made occasional lms after
World War Twos end, Dietrich spent most of the 1950s Location of Marlene Dietrichs & Alfred Lions Birthplace on the
"Rote Insel"
through 1970s touring the world as a marquee live-show
performer.
1

Caption / Legende

Center Zone / Kerngebiet

Dependency / Nebengebiet

Birthplace / Geburtshaus
Alfred Lion

2 Birthplace / Geburtshaus
Marlene Dietrich

In 1999, the American Film Institute named Dietrich the

ninth-greatest female star of all time.[4]

Childhood

Marie Magdalene Dietrich was born on 27 December

1901 in Leberstrasse 65 on the Rote Insel in Schneberg,
now a district of Berlin, Germany. She was the younger
of two daughters (her sister Elisabeth was a year older) of
Wilhelmina Elisabeth Josephine (ne Felsing) and Louis
Erich Otto Dietrich, who married in December 1898. Dietrichs mother was from a well-to-do Berlin family who
owned a clockmaking rm, and her father was a police
lieutenant who died in 1907.[5] His best friend Eduard von
Losch, an aristocratic rst lieutenant in the Grenadiers,
courted Wilhelmina and married her in 1916, but he died
soon afterward from injuries sustained during World War
I.[6] Eduard von Losch never ocially adopted the Dietrich girls, so Dietrichs surname was never von Losch, as
has sometimes been claimed. Her family nicknamed her
Lena and Lene (pronounced Lay-neh). Around age
11, she contracted her two rst names to form the name
Her birth house in Leberstrae 65, Berlin-Schneberg
Marlene.
Dietrich attended the Auguste-Viktoria girls school from
1907 to 1917[7] and graduated from the Victoria-Luise1

3 FILM STAR

Schule (today Goethe-Gymnasium Berlin-Wilmersdorf)

in 1918.[8] She studied the violin[9] and became interested in theatre and poetry as a teenager. Her dreams
of becoming a concert violinist were curtailed when she
injured her wrist,[10] but by 1922 she had her rst job,
playing violin in a pit orchestra that accompanied silent
lms at a cinema in Berlin. However, she was red after
only four weeks.[11]

Early career

Dietrich continued to work on stage and in lm both in

Berlin and Vienna throughout the 1920s. On stage, she
had roles of varying importance in Frank Wedekind's
Pandoras Box,[18] William Shakespeare's The Taming
of the Shrew[18] and A Midsummer Nights Dream[19] as
well as George Bernard Shaw's Back to Methuselah[20]
and Misalliance.[21] It was in musicals and revues, such
as Broadway, Es Liegt in der Luft, and Zwei Krawatten, however, that she attracted the most attention. By
the late 1920s, Dietrich was also playing sizable parts
on screen, including Caf Elektric (1927), Ich ksse Ihre
Hand, Madame (1928) and Das Schi der verlorenen
Menschen (1929).[22]

3 Film star
3.1 Breakthrough in The Blue Angel
In 1929, Dietrich landed the breakthrough role of Lola
Lola, a cabaret singer who causes the downfall of a hitherto respected schoolmaster, in UFAs production The
Blue Angel (1930). Josef von Sternberg directed the lm
and thereafter took credit for having discovered Dietrich. The lm is also noteworthy for having introduced
Dietrichs signature song Falling in Love Again, which
she recorded for Electrola and later made further recordings in the 1930s for Polydor and Decca Records.

3.2 Paramount Pictures

Even at the start of her lm career, Dietrich would often include masculine clothes in her wardrobe, giving herself an
androgynous quality.[12]

Her earliest professional stage appearances were as a

chorus girl on tour with Guido Thielschers Girl-Kabarett,
vaudeville-style entertainments, and in Rudolf Nelson revues in Berlin.[13] In 1922, Dietrich auditioned unsuccessfully for theatrical director and impresario Max Reinhardt's drama academy;[14] however, she soon found herself working in his theaters as a chorus girl and playing
small roles in dramas, without attracting any special attention at rst. She made her lm debut playing a bit part
in the lm, The Little Napoleon (1923).[15]
She met her future husband, Rudolf Sieber, on the set of
another lm made that year, Tragdie der Liebe. Dietrich
and Sieber were married in a civil ceremony in Berlin on
17 May 1923.[16] Her only child, daughter Maria Elisabeth Sieber, was born on 13 December 1924.[17]

In 1930, on the strength of The Blue Angels international success, and with encouragement and promotion from von Sternberg, who was already established in
Hollywood, Dietrich then moved to the U.S. under contract to Paramount Pictures. The studio sought to market
Dietrich as a German answer to MGM's Swedish sensation, Greta Garbo.
Von Sternberg welcomed her with gifts including a green
Rolls-Royce Phantom II. The car later appeared in their
rst US lm Morocco.[23]
Dietrich starred in six lms directed by von Sternberg
at Paramount between 1930 and 1935. von Sternberg
worked eectively with Dietrich to create the image of
a glamorous femme fatale. He encouraged her to lose
weight and coached her intensively as an actressshe, in
turn, was willing to trust him and follow his sometimes
imperious direction in a way that a number of other performers resisted.[24]
Their rst American collaboration, Morocco (1930),
again cast her as a cabaret singer; the lm is best remembered for the sequence in which she performs a song
dressed in a mans white tie and kisses another woman,
both provocative for the era. The lm earned Dietrich
her only Oscar nomination.

3.3

Box oce poison

3
to re the director, Ernst Lubitsch.[27]

3.3 Box oce poison

Extravagant oers lured Dietrich away from Paramount
to make The Garden of Allah (1936) for independent producer David O. Selznick (she received $200,000) and to
Britain for Alexander Kordas production, Knight Without Armour (1937) (at a salary of $450,000). Although
she was now one of the best paid lm stars, her vehicles
were costly to produce and neither of the latter two lms
was nancially successful. By this time, Dietrich ranked
126th at the box oce and exhibitors labelled her Box
Oce Poison (alongside others like Fred Astaire, Joan
Crawford, Dolores del Ro, Katharine Hepburn, and Mae
West).
While she was in London, ocials of the Nazi Party
approached Dietrich and oered her lucrative contracts,
should she agree to return to Germany as a foremost lm
star in the Third Reich. She refused their oers and applied for US citizenship in 1937.[28]
A still from Shanghai Express (1932). Josef von Sternberg used
buttery lighting to enhance Dietrichs features. This photograph
was cited by Mick Rock as the inspiration for the iconic Queen
II album cover.

Morocco was followed by Dishonored (1931), with Dietrich as a Mata Hari-like spy) and Blonde Venus (1932).
Shanghai Express (1932) was von Sternberg and Dietrichs biggest box oce hit. Their last two lms,
The Scarlet Empress (1934)and The Devil Is a Woman
(1935)the most stylized of their collaborationswere
their least commercial ventures. Dietrich later remarked
that she was at her most beautiful in The Devil Is a
Woman.
A crucial part of the overall eect was created by von
Sternbergs exceptional skill in lighting and photographing Dietrich to optimum eectthe use of light and
shadow, including the impact of light passed through a
veil or slatted blinds (as for example in Shanghai Express)which, when combined with scrupulous attention
to all aspects of set design and costumes, make this series of lms among the most visually stylish in cinema
history.[25] Critics still vigorously debate how much of
the credit belonged to von Sternberg and how much to
Dietrich, but most would agree that neither consistently
reached such heights again after Paramount red von
Sternberg and the two ceased working together.[26]
Dietrichs rst lm after the end of her partnership with
von Sternberg was Frank Borzage's Desire (1936), a commercial success that gave Dietrich an opportunity to try
her hand at romantic comedy. Her next project, I Loved
a Soldier (1936), ended in a shambles when the lm
was scrapped several weeks into production due to script
problems, scheduling confusion and the studios decision

She returned to Paramount to make another romantic

comedy, Angel (1937, directed by Ernst Lubitsch); reception to the lm was so lukewarm that Paramount bought
out the remainder of Dietrichs contract. When lm
projects at other studios fell through, Dietrich and her
family set sail for an extended holiday in Europe.

3.4 Comeback in Destry Rides Again

In 1939, she accepted producer Joe Pasternak's oer
(and a pay cut) to play against type in her rst lm in
two years: that of the cowboy saloon girl, Frenchie, in
the light-hearted western Destry Rides Again, opposite
James Stewart. The bawdy role revived her career and
"See What the Boys in the Back Room Will Have", a
song she introduced in the lm, became a hit when she
recorded it for Decca. She played similar types in Seven
Sinners (1940) and The Spoilers (1942), both opposite
John Wayne.
While Dietrich arguably never fully regained her former
screen glory, she continued performing in the movies, including appearances for such distinguished directors as
Alfred Hitchcock, Fritz Lang, Orson Welles, and Billy
Wilder, in lms that included A Foreign Aair (1948),
Stage Fright (1950), Rancho Notorious (1952), Witness
for the Prosecution (1957), and Touch of Evil (1958).

4 World War II
Dietrich was known to have strong political convictions
and the mind to speak them. In interviews, Dietrich
stated that she had been approached by representatives
of the Nazi Party to return to Germany but had turned

STAGE AND CABARET

had resided in the German city of Belsen throughout the

war years, running a movie theatre for Nazi ocers and
ocials who oversaw the Bergen-Belsen concentration
camp. Dietrich interceded with Allied ocials on behalf
of her relatives, sheltering them from possible prosecution as Nazi collaborators.[34] Dietrich was awarded the
Medal of Freedom by the US in 1945. She said this was
her proudest accomplishment.[31] She was also awarded
the Lgion d'honneur by the French government as recognition for her wartime work.[35]

5 Stage and cabaret

Marlene Dietrich signing a soldiers cast in Belgium, 1944.

them down at. Dietrich, a staunch anti-Nazi, became

an American citizen in 1939.[2] In December 1941, the
U.S. entered World War II, and Dietrich became one of
the rst celebrities to raise war bonds. She toured the US
from January 1942 to September 1943 (appearing before
250,000 troops on the Pacic Coast leg of her tour alone)
and was reported to have sold more war bonds than any
other star.[29][30]
During two extended tours for the USO in 1944 and
1945,[29] she performed for Allied troops on the front
lines in Algeria, Italy, Britain and France, then went into
Germany with Generals James M. Gavin and George S.
Patton. When asked why she had done this, in spite of
the obvious danger of being within a few kilometres of
German lines, she replied, "aus Anstand""out of decency. Her revue, with Danny Thomas as her opening act, included songs from her lms, performances on
her musical saw (a skill she had originally acquired for
stage appearances in Berlin in the 1920s) and a pretend
"mindreading" act. Dietrich would inform the audience
that she could read minds and ask them to concentrate on
whatever came into their minds. Then she would walk
over to a soldier and earnestly tell him, Oh, think of
something else. I can't possibly talk about that!" American church papers reportedly published stories complaining about this part of Dietrichs act.[29]
In 1944, the Morale Operations Branch of the Oce of
Strategic Services (OSS) initiated the Musak project, musical propaganda broadcasts designed to demoralize enemy soldiers.[31] Dietrich, the only performer who was
made aware that her recordings would be for OSS use,
recorded a number of songs in German for the project,
including "Lili Marleen", a favorite of soldiers on both
sides of the conict.[32] Major General William J. DonoDietrich often performed parts of her show in top hat and tails.
van, head of the OSS, wrote to Dietrich, I am person- Caricature by Hans Georg Pfannmller showing Dietrich during
ally deeply grateful for your generosity in making these a cabaret performance in 1954.
recordings for us.[33]
At the wars end in Europe, Dietrich reunited with her sis- From the early 1950s until the mid-1970s, Dietrich
ter Elisabeth and her sisters husband and son. The family worked almost exclusively as a highly paid cabaret artist,

5
performing live in large theaters in major cities worldwide.
In 1953, Dietrich was oered a then-substantial $30,000
per week[36] to appear live at the Sahara Hotel[37] on
the Las Vegas Strip. The show was short, consisting
only of a few songs associated with her.[37] Her daringly
sheer nude dressa heavily beaded evening gown of
silk sou, which gave the illusion of transparency
designed by Jean Louis, attracted a lot of publicity.[37]
This engagement was so successful that she was signed to
appear at the Caf de Paris in London the following year;
her Las Vegas contracts were also renewed.[38]
Dietrich employed Burt Bacharach as her musical arranger starting in the mid-1950s; together they rened her
nightclub act into a more ambitious theatrical one-woman
show with an expanded repertoire.[39] Her repertoire included songs from her lms as well as popular songs of the
day. Bacharachs arrangements helped to disguise Dietrichs limited vocal rangeshe was a contralto[40] and
allowed her to perform her songs to maximum dramatic
eect;[39] together, they recorded four albums and several
singles between 1957 and 1964.[41] In a TV interview in Dietrich in Jerusalem during a tour in Israel, 1960
1971, she credited Bacharach with giving her the inspiration to perform during those years.[42]
Dietrichs return to Germany in 1960 for a concert tour
She would often perform the rst part of her show in
elicited a mixed response. Many Germans felt she had
one of her body-hugging dresses and a swansdown coat,
betrayed her homeland by her actions during World War
and change to top hat and tails for the second half of the
II. During her performances at Berlins Titania Palast theperformance.[43] This allowed her to sing songs usually
atre, protesters chanted, Marlene Go Home!"[47] On the
associated with male singers, like "One for My Baby" and
other hand, Dietrich was warmly welcomed by other Ger"I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face".[39]
mans, including Berlin Mayor Willy Brandt, who was,
She ... transcends her material, according to Peter Bog- like Dietrich, an opponent of the Nazis who had lived
danovich. Whether its a ighty old tune like 'I Can't in exile during their rule.[47] The tour was an artistic triGive You Anything But Love, Baby' ... a schmaltzy Ger- umph, but a nancial failure.[47] She also undertook a tour
man love song, 'Das Lied ist Aus or a French one 'La of Israel around the same time, which was well-received;
Vie en Rose', she lends each an air of the aristocrat, yet she sang some songs in German during her concerts, inshe never patronises ... A folk song, 'Go 'Way From My cluding, from 1962, a German version of Pete Seeger's
Window' has never been sung with such passion, and in anti-war anthem "Where Have All the Flowers Gone",
her hands 'Where Have All the Flowers Gone?' is not just thus breaking the unocial taboo against the use of Geranother anti-war lament but a tragic accusation against us man in Israel.[46] Dietrich in London, a concert album,
all.[44]
was recorded during the run of her 1964 engagement at
[48]
Francis Wyndham oered a more critical appraisal of the the Queens Theatre.
phenomenon of Dietrich in concert. He wrote in 1964:
What she does is neither dicult nor diverting, but the
fact that she does it at all lls the onlookers with wonder
... It takes two to make a conjuring trick: the illusionists
sleight of hand and the stooges desire to be deceived. To
these necessary elements (her own technical competence
and her audiences sentimentality) Marlene Dietrich adds
a thirdthe mysterious force of her belief in her own
magic. Those who nd themselves unable to share this
belief tend to blame themselves rather than her.[45]

She performed on Broadway twice (in 1967 and 1968)

and won a special Tony Award in 1968. In November
1972, I Wish You Love, a version of Dietrichs Broadway
show titled An Evening With Marlene Dietrich, was lmed
in London.[49] She was paid $250,000 for her cooperation
but was unhappy with the result. The show was broadcast
in the UK on the BBC and in the US on CBS in January
1973.

In her sixties and seventies, Dietrichs health declined:

she survived cervical cancer in 1965[50] and suered from
Her use of body-sculpting undergarments, nonsurgical poor circulation in her legs.[46] Dietrich became increastemporary facelifts, expert makeup, and wigs,[46] com- ingly dependent on painkillers and alcohol.[46] A stage
bined with careful stage lighting,[38] helped to preserve fall at the Shady Grove Music Fair in Maryland in 1973
Dietrichs glamorous image as she grew older.
injured her left thigh, necessitating skin grafts to allow
the wound to heal.[51] She fractured her right leg in Au-

gust 1974.[52] Do you think this is glamorous? That

its a great life and that I do it for my health? Well
it isn't. Maybe once, but not now, Dietrich told Clive
Hirschhorn in 1973, explaining that she continued performing only for the money.[53]

Final years and death

Dietrichs show business career largely ended on 29

September 1975, when she fell o the stage and broke
her thigh during a performance in Sydney, Australia.[54]
The following year, her husband, Rudolf Sieber, died of
cancer on 24 June 1976.[55]

FINAL YEARS AND DEATH

tary lm about her life, Marlene (1984), but refused to

be lmed. The lms director, Maximilian Schell, was
allowed only to record her voice. He used his interviews
with her as the basis for the lm, set to a collage of lm
clips from her career. The nal lm won several European lm prizes and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Documentary in 1984. Newsweek named
it a unique lm, perhaps the most fascinating and aecting documentary ever made about a great movie star.[56]
In 1988, Dietrich recorded spoken introductions to songs
for a nostalgia album by Udo Lindenberg.[57]
In an interview with the German magazine Der Spiegel in
November 2005, Dietrichs daughter and grandson claim
that Dietrich was politically active during these years.[58]
She kept in contact with world leaders by telephone, including Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev, running
up a monthly bill of over US$3,000. In 1989, her appeal
to save the Babelsberg studios from closure was broadcast
on BBC Radio, and she spoke on television via telephone
on the occasion of the fall of the Berlin Wall later that
year.
On 7 May 1992, Dietrich died of renal failure at her apartment in Paris at age 90.[59] Her funeral ceremony was
conducted at La Madeleine in Paris, a Roman Catholic
church (despite Dietrich having been an atheist) on 14
May 1992.[60]

Dietrichs gravestone in Berlin. The inscription reads "Hier steh

ich an den Marken meiner Tage" (Here I stand at the marches
of my days), a line from the sonnet Abschied vom Leben
(Farewell to Life) by Theodor Krner.

Dietrichs funeral service was attended by approximately

1,500 mourners in the church itselfincluding several
ambassadors from Germany, Russia, the US, the UK,
and other countrieswith thousands more outside. Her
closed con rested beneath the altar draped in the French
ag and adorned with a simple bouquet of white wildowers and roses from the French President, Franois Mitterrand. Three medals, including Frances Legion of Honor
and the US Medal of Freedom, were displayed at the foot
of the con, military style, for a ceremony symbolizing
the sense of duty Dietrich embodied in her career as an
actress, and in her personal ght against Nazism. Her
daughter placed a wooden crucix, a St. Christopher's
medal and a locket enclosing photos of Dietrichs grandsons in the con.[61] The ociating priest remarked:
Everyone knew her life as an artist of lm and song, and
everyone knew her tough stands... She lived like a soldier
and would like to be buried like a soldier.[62][63]

Dietrichs nal on-camera lm appearance was a cameo

role in Just a Gigolo (1979), starring David Bowie and After the fall of the Berlin Wall, Dietrich instructed in her
directed by David Hemmings, in which she sang the title will that she was to be buried in her birthplace, Berlin,
song.
near her family; on 16 May her body was own there to
An alcoholic dependent on painkillers, Dietrich with- fulll her wish.[59] Dietrich was interred at the Stdtischer
drew to her apartment at 12 Avenue Montaigne in Paris. Friedhof III, Berlin-Schneberg,[64] next to the grave of
She spent the nal 11 years of her life mostly bedrid- her mother, Josene von Losch, and near the house where
den, allowing only a select fewincluding family and she was born.[62]
employeesto enter the apartment. During this time, she
was a prolic letter-writer and phone-caller. Her autobiography, Nehmt nur mein Leben (Take Just My Life), was
published in 1979.
In 1982, Dietrich agreed to participate in a documen-

Personal life

hearing preachers from both sides invoking God as their

support. I lost my faith during the war and can't believe
ying around or sitting at tables, all
Unlike her professional celebrity, which was carefully they are all up there,
[72]
She
once said: If God exists, he needs
those
I've
lost.
crafted and maintained, Dietrichs personal life was kept
[73]
to
review
his
plan.
out of public view. Dietrich, who was bisexual, enjoyed the thriving gay scene of the time and drag balls However, according to her daughter, Maria Riva, Dietof 1920s Berlin.[65] She also deed conventional gender rich always traveled with a satchel containing many reroles through her boxing at Turkish trainer and prize- ligious medallions (e.g., St. Christopher, etc.), showing
ghter Sabri Mahirs boxing studio in Berlin, which her desire to keep her faith.[74] Also, during her reclusive
opened to women in the late 1920s. As Austrian writer twilight years in Paris, Dietrich converted to and strongly
Hedwig (Vicki) Baum recalls in her memoir, I don't embraced the faith of Roman Catholicism. On 14 May
know how the feminine element sneaked into those mas- 1992, her funeral ceremony was performed at her favorite
culine realms [the boxing studio], but in any case, only Parisian church, La Madeleine.[60]
three or four of us were tough enough to go through with
it (Marlene Dietrich was one).[66]
She was married only once, to assistant director Rudolf
Sieber, who later became an assistant director at
Paramount Pictures in France, responsible for foreign
language dubbing. Dietrichs only child, Maria Elisabeth Sieber, was born in Berlin on 13 December 1924.
She would later become an actress, primarily working
in television, known as Maria Riva. When Maria gave
birth to a son (John, a famous production designer) in
1948, Dietrich was dubbed the worlds most glamorous
grandmother. After Dietrichs death, Riva published a
frank biography of her mother, titled Marlene Dietrich
(1992).[67]
Throughout her career Dietrich had an unending string of
aairs, some short-lived, some lasting decades; they often overlapped and were almost all known to her husband,
to whom she was in the habit of passing the love letters of
her men, sometimes with biting comments.[68] When Dietrich lmed Morocco (1930) she found time to have an
aair with Gary Cooper, despite the constant presence on
the set of the temperamental Mexican actress Lupe Vlez,
with whom Cooper was having a romance.[69] Vlez once
said: If I had the opportunity to do so, I would tear
out Marlene Dietrichs eyes..[70] During the lming of
Destry Rides Again, Dietrich started a love aair with costar James Stewart, which ended after lming. In 1938,
Dietrich met and began a relationship with the writer
Erich Maria Remarque, and in 1941, the French actor
and military hero Jean Gabin. Their relationship ended
in the mid-1940s. She also had an aair with the CubanAmerican writer Mercedes de Acosta, who was Greta
Garbo's periodic lover. Her last great passion, when Dietrich was in her 50s, appears to have been for the actor Yul Brynner, with whom she had an aair that lasted
more than a decade; still, her love life continued well into
her 70s. She counted George Bernard Shaw, John F.
Kennedy and John Wayne among her conquests.[71] Dietrich maintained her husband and his mistress rst in
Europe and later on a ranch in San Fernando Valley, California.

8 Image and legacy

German stamp issued in 1997 in the Women in German history

series

Dietrich was a fashion icon to the top designers as well as

a screen icon that later stars would follow. She once said,
I dress for myself. Not for the image, not for the public,
not for the fashion, not for men.[75] Her public image included openly defying sexual norms, and she was known
for her androgynous lm roles and her bisexuality.[76]

A signicant volume of academic literature, especially

since 1975, analyzes Dietrichs image, as created by the
movie industry, within various theoretical frameworks,
including that of psycho-analysis. Emphasis is placed,
inter alia, on the fetishistic manipulation of the female
[77]
Dietrichs family raised her to follow the Lutheran reli- image.
gion, but she lost her faith due to battlefront experiences In 1992, a plaque was unveiled at Leberstrae 65 in
during her time with the US Army as an entertainer, after Berlin-Schneberg, the site of Dietrichs birth. A postage

10 WORKS
her life. They also awarded her with the Operation Entertainment Medal. The French Government made her a
Chevalier (later upgraded to Commandeur) of the Lgion
d'honneur and a Commandeur of the Ordre des Arts et
des Lettres. Her other awards include the Medallion of
Honor of the State of Israel, the Fashion Foundation of
America award and a Chevalier de l'Ordre de Leopold
(Belgium).[79]
In 2000 a German biopic lm Marlene was made, directed by Joseph Vilsmaier and starring Katja Flint as
Dietrich.[80]

Commemorative Plaque at her birth-house in Berlin

9 Estate

On 24 October 1993, the largest portion of Dietrichs esstamp bearing her portrait was issued in Germany on 14 tate was sold to the Stiftung Deutsche Kinemathekafter
August 1997.
U.S. institutions showed no interestwhere it became
Luxury pen manufacturer MontBlanc produced a limited the core of the exhibition at the Filmmuseum Berlin.
edition Marlene Dietrich pen to commemorate Diet- The collection includes: over 3,000 textile items from
richs life. It is platinum-plated and has an encrusted deep the 1920s through the 1990s, including lm and stage
costumes as well as over a thousand items from Dietblue sapphire.
richs personal wardrobe; 15,000 photographs, by Cecil
For some Germans, Dietrich remained a controversial
Beaton, Horst P. Horst, George Hurrell, Lord Snowdon,
gure for having sided with Nazi Germanys foes durand Edward Steichen; 300,000 pages of documents, ining the Second World War. In 1996, after some debate,
cluding correspondence with Burt Bacharach, Yul Brynit was decided not to name a street after her in Berlinner, Maurice Chevalier, Nol Coward, Jean Gabin, Ernest
Schneberg, her birthplace.[78] However, on 8 November
Hemingway, Karl Lagerfeld, Nancy and Ronald Rea1997, the central Marlene-Dietrich-Platz was unveiled in
gan, Erich Maria Remarque, Josef von Sternberg, Orson
Berlin to honor her. The commemoration reads: Berliner
Welles, and Billy Wilder; as well as other items like lm
Weltstar des Films und des Chansons. Einsatz fr Freiposters and sound recordings.[81]
heit und Demokratie, fr Berlin und Deutschland (Berlin
world star of lm and song. Dedication to freedom and The contents of Dietrichs Manhattan apartment, along
with other personal eects such as jewelry and items of
democracy, to Berlin and Germany).
clothing, were sold by public auction by Sothebys (Los
Dietrich was made an honorary citizen of Berlin on 16
Angeles) on 1 November 1997.[82] The apartment itself
May 2002. Translated from German, her memorial
(located at 993 Park Avenue) was sold for $615,000 in
plaque reads
1998.[83]
Berlin Memorial Plaque
Tell me, where have all the owers gone
Marlene Dietrich
27 December 1901 6 May 1992
Actress and Singer
She was one of the few German actresses that
attained international signicance.
Despite tempting oers by the Nazi regime,
she emigrated to the USA and became an
American citizen.
In 2002, the city of Berlin posthumously
made her an honorary citizen.
I am, thank God, a Berliner.
Funded by the GASAG Berlin Gasworks
Corporation.

10 Works
10.1 Filmography
Main article: Marlene Dietrich lmography

10.2 Discography
Main article: Marlene Dietrich discography

The U.S. Government awarded Dietrich the Medal of 10.3 Radio

Freedom for her war work. Dietrich has been quoted as
saying this was the honor of which she was most proud in Noteworthy appearances include:

10.4

Writing

Lux Radio Theater: The Legionnaire and the Lady Love on CBS (which debuted January 15, 1953[85] ). She
opposite Clark Gable (1 August 1936)
recorded 94 short inserts, Dietrich Talks on Love and
Life, for NBCs Monitor in 1958. Dietrich gave many
Lux Radio Theater: Desire opposite Herbert Mar- radio interviews worldwide on her concert tours. In 1960,
shall (22 July 1937)
her show at the Tuschinski in Amsterdam was broadcast
Lux Radio Theater: song of Songs opposite Douglas live on Dutch radio. Her 1962 appearance at the Olympia
in Paris was also broadcast.
Fairbanks, Jr (20 December 1937)
The Chase and Sanborn Program with Edgar Bergen
and Don Ameche (2 June 1938)
Lux Radio Theater: Manpower opposite Edward G
Robinson and George Raft (15 March 1942)
The Gulf Screen Guild Theater: Pittsburgh opposite
John Wayne (12 April 1943)
Theatre Guild on the Air: Grand Hotel opposite Ray
Milland (24 March 1948)
Studio One: Arabesque (29 June 1948)
Theatre Guild on the Air: The Letter opposite Walter
Pidgeon (3 October 1948)
Ford Radio Theater: Madame Bovary opposite
Claude Rains (8 October 1948)
Screen Directors Playhouse: A Foreign Aair opposite Rosalind Russell and John Lund (5 March 1949)

Desert Island Discs, Dietrich asked to choose eight

recordings, broadcast Monday 4 January 1965

10.4 Writing
Dietrich, Marlene (1962). Marlene Dietrichs ABC.
Doubleday.
Dietrich, Marlene (1979). Nehmt nur mein Leben:
Reexionen (in German). Goldmann. ISBN
3442063272.
Dietrich, Marlene (1989). Marlene. Salvator Attanasio (translator). Grove Press. ISBN 0-80211117-3.
Dietrich, Marlene (1990). Some Facts About Myself.
Helnwein, Gottfried [Conception and photographs].
ISBN 3-89322-226-X.

MGM Theatre of the Air: Anna Karenina (9 December 1949)[84]

MGM Theatre of the Air: Camille (6 June 1950)
Lux Radio Theater: No Highway in the Sky opposite
James Stewart (21 April 1952)

11 See also
List of German-speaking Academy Award winners
and nominees

Screen Directors Playhouse: A Foreign Aair opposite Lucille Ball and John Lund (1 March 1951)
The Big Show starring Tallulah Bankhead (2 October
1951)
Marlene Dietrich in conversation with J. W. Lambert and Carl Wildman recorded after her season at
the Queens Theatre London, BBC radio, 12 August
1965 (a shorter version had been broadcast on April
2).
The Child, with Godfrey Kenton, radio play by
Shirley Jenkins, produced by Richard Imison for the
BBC on 18 August 1965
Dietrichs appeal to save the Babelsburg studios was
broadcast on BBC radio
Dietrich made several appearances on Armed Forces Radio Services shows like The Army Hour and Command
Performance during the war years. In 1952, she had
her own series on American ABC entitled, Cafe Istanbul.
During 195354, she starred in 38 episodes of Time for

12 Notes
[1] "DJANGO UNCHAINED PRODUCTION DESIGNER J. MICHAEL RIVA DEAD AT 63. ScreenCrush.com. 8 June 2012. Archived from the original on
10 June 2012.
[2] Flint, Peter B. (7 May 1992). Marlene Dietrich, 90,
Symbol of Glamour, Dies. The New York Times.
[3] Dietrich applied for US citizenship in 1937 (Marlene Dietrich to be US Citizen. Painesville Telegraph, 6 March
1937.); it was granted in 1939 (see Citizen Soon. The
Telegraph Herald, 10 March 1939. and Seize Luggage
of Marlene Dietrich. Lawrence Journal World, 14 June
1939).
[4] AFIs 50 GREATEST AMERICAN SCREEN LEGENDS. AFI. Retrieved 30 August 2014.
[5] Bach, Steven (2011). Marlene Dietrich: Life and Legend.
University of Minnesota Press. p. 19.

10

[6] Born as Maria Magdalena, not Marie Magdalene, according to Dietrichs biography by her daughter, Maria Riva titled Marlene Dietrich, ISBN 0-394-58692-1; however Dietrichs bio by Charlotte Chandler, Marlene(2011), ISBN
978-1-4391-8835-4, cites Marie Magdalene as her birth
name, on page 12
[7] Bach 1992, p. 20.
[8] Bach 1992, p. 26.
[9] Bach 1992, p. 32.
[10] Bach 1992, p. 39.
[11] Bach 1992, p. 42.
[12] Fashion Icon: Marlene Dietrich. Stylehop. Retrieved
2012-09-11.

12 NOTES

[28] Helm, Toby (24 June 2000). Film star felt ashamed of
Belsen link. The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 18 May
2013.
[29] Sudendorf, Werner.
[30] Thanks Soldier. MarleneDietrich.org. 2000. Retrieved
2010-02-20.
[31] A Look Back ... Marlene Dietrich: Singing For A
Cause. Central Intelligence Agency. 23 October 2008.
Retrieved 20 March 2010.
[32] McIntosh, Elizabeth P (1998). Sisterhood of Spies: The
Women of the OSS. London: Dell. p. 58. ISBN 0-44023466-2.
[33] McIntosh, Elizabeth P (1998). Sisterhood of Spies: The
Women of the OSS. London: Dell. p. 59. ISBN 0-44023466-2.

[13] Bach 1992, p. 44.

[14] Bach 1992, p. 49.
[15] Bach 1992, p. 491.

[34] Marlene Dietrich: Her Own Song. TCM documentary.

2001.

[16] Bach, Steven. Marlene Dietrich: Life and Legend. University of Minnesota Press, 2011. p. 62.

[35] Marlene Dietrich : Biography. Whos Who The People Lexicon (in German). www.whoswho.de. Retrieved
5 January 2013. Chevalier de la Lgion d'Honneur and
Ocier de la Lgion d'Honneur

[17] Bach 1992, p. 65.

[36] Bach 1992, p. 369.

[18] Bach 1992, p. 480.

[37] Bach 1992, p. 368.

[19] Bach 1992, p. 482.

[38] Bach 1992, p. 371.

[20] Bach 1992, p. 483.

[39] Bach 1992, p. 395.

[21] Bach 1992, p. 488.

[40] Carpenter, Cassie (9 August 2011). Cassies Corner:

Marlene Dietrichs Top 10 Badass One-Liners. L.A
Slush. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012.

[22] Ship of Lost Men (Das Schi der verlorenen Menschen)

(1929)". Amazon. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
[23] THE EX-MARLENE DIETRICH, MULTIPLE BEST
IN SHOW WINNING 1930 Rolls-Royce Phantom.
Bonhams.
[24] See e.g., David Thomson (1975). A Biographical Dictionary of the Cinema. London, Secker and Warburg. p.
587: He was not an easy man to be directed by. Many
actorsnotably [Emil] Jannings and William Powell
reacted violently to him. Dietrich adored him, and trusted
him....

[41] O'Connor, Patrick (1991). The Amazing Blonde Woman:

Dietrichs Own Style. London: Bloomsbury Publishing. p.
154. ISBN 0-7475-1264-7.
[42] Marlene Dietrich 1971 Copenhagen Interview on
YouTube, 1/2 hour video
[43] Bach 1992, p. 394.
[44] Morley 1978, p. 69.
[45] O'Connor, 1991. p. 133.

[25] See, for example, David Thomson, A Biographical Dictionary of the Cinema. London, Secker and Warburg, 1975,
entry for Dietrich: With him [von Sternberg] Dietrich
made seven masterpieces [i.e., Blue Angel in Germany and
the six in Hollywood], lms that are still breathtakingly
modern, which have no superior for their sense of articiality suused with emotion and which visually combine decadence and austerity, tenderness and cruelty, gaiety and despair.

[46] Bach 1992, p. 406.

[26] See, for example, the entries for Dietrich and von Sternberg in David Thomson, A Biographical Dictionary of the
Cinema (1975).

[51] Bach 1992, p. 436.

[27] Bach 1992, pp. 210-11.

[53] Morley 1978, p. 72.

[47] Bach 1992, p. 401.

[48] Bach, 1992. p. 526.
[49] "I Wish You Love Production Schedule. Marlene Dietrich
Collection Berlin. Retrieved 11 October 2008.
[50] Bach 1992, p. 416.

[52] Bach 1992, p. 437.

11

[54] 'Act follows suggestion of songs title', Toledo Blade, Ohio

7 Nov. 1973, p. 37.
[55] Marlene Dietrich Retrieved 24 July 2015
[56] "Marlene". Atlas International. Retrieved 26 January
2009.
[57] Bach, 1992. p 528.
[58] "Der Himmel war grn, wenn sie es sagte". Der Spiegel (in
German). 13 November 2005.
[59] Obituary for Marlene Magdelene Dietrich. The Message Newsjournal. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
[60] I have given up belief in a God. Allen Smith, Warren
(2002). Celebrities in Hell: A Guide to Hollywoods Atheists, Agnostics, Skeptics, Free Thinkers, and More. Barricade Books Inc. p. 130. ISBN 1-56980-214-9.
[61] Obituary of Maria Magdalene Marlene Dietrich. Find
A Grave. Retrieved 9 June 2013.

[78] The German-Hollywood Connection: Dietrichs Street

[79] The Legendary, Lovely Marlene.
rich.org.uk. Retrieved 18 May 2013.

marlenediet-

[80] Rentschler, Eric (2007). An Icon between the Fronts.

In Schindler,, Stephan K; Koepnick, Lutz Peter. The Cosmopolitan Screen: German Cinema and the Global Imaginary, 1945 to the present. University of Michigan Press.
p. 207. ISBN 978-0472069668.
[81] Marlene Dietrich: Berlin. Retrieved 18 May 2007.
[82] Dietrich fans scramble to pick up actresss treasures.
BBC News. 2 November 1997. Retrieved 18 May 2007.
[83] Swanson, Carl (5 April 1998). Recent Transactions in
the Real Estate Market. The New York Observer.
[84] Morse, Leon (October 22, 1949). The MGM Theater of
the Air. Billboard. Retrieved 25 December 2014.

[62] Obituary of Maria Magdalene Marlene Dietrich. The

Message Newsjournal. Retrieved 9 June 2013.

[85] Kirby, Walter (January 11, 1953). Better Radio Programs for the Week. The Decatur Daily Review. p. 42.
Retrieved June 19, 2015 via Newspapers.com.

[63] AP :: Images :: Enlarged View :: 9205140461 Marlene

Dietrich Funeral. Apimages.com. Retrieved 2 December 2012.

13 References

[64] Marlene Dietrich at Find a Grave

[65] Bourke, Amy (29 May 2007). Bisexual side of Dietrich
show. Pink News.
[66] Baum cited in Gammel, Irene (2012), Lacing up the
Gloves: Women, Boxing and Modernity. Cultural and
Social History 9.3, p. 372.
[67] Marlene Dietrich by Her Daughter. Goodreads. Retrieved 19 March 2015.

Riva, Maria (1994). Marlene Dietrich. Ballantine

Books. ISBN 0-345-38645-0.
Riva, David J. (2006). A Woman at War: Marlene Dietrich Remembered. Wayne State University
Press. ISBN 0-8143-3249-8.
Walker, Alexander (1984). Dietrich. Harper &
Row. ISBN 0-060-15319-9.

[68] Riva, p. 344

[69] History on Film: Actors: Gary Cooper
[70] Revista Vanidades de Mxico: Ao 46 no. 12 Marlene
Dietrich. Editorial Televisa S.A. de C.V. 2006. p. 141.
ISSN 1665-7519.

Spoto, Donald (1992). Blue Angel: The Life of Marlene Dietrich. William Morrow and Company, Inc.
ISBN 0-688-07119-8.
Morley, Sheridan (1978). Marlene Dietrich. Sphere
Books. ISBN 0-7221-6163-8.

[71] Riva, passim

[72] Steven Bach (16 February 2011). Marlene Dietrich: Life
& Legend. University of Minnesota Press.
[73] Dead Atheists Society. Michaelnugent.com.
September 2010. Retrieved 27 September 2010.

Bach, Steven (1992). Marlene Dietrich: Life and

Legend. Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-42553-8.

15

[74] Interview with Maria Riva, Actress and daughter of Marlene Dietrich. Archive of American Television. Retrieved 9 June 2013.

Carr, Larry (1970). Four Fabulous Faces:The

Evolution and Metamorphosis of Swanson, Garbo,
Crawford and Dietrich. Doubleday and Company.
ISBN 0-87000-108-6.

14 External links

[75] Auken, Sabine (2006). I Love this Game. Master Point

Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-1897106068.

Ocial website

[76] Gammel 2012, p. 373.

Marlene Dietrich at the Internet Broadway Database

[77] Weber,
Caroline (SeptemberNovember 2007).
Academy Award: A new volume analyzes Dietrich in
and out of the seminar room. Bookforum.

Marlene Dietrich at the Internet Movie Database

Marlene Dietrich at AllMovie

12
Marlene Dietrich at the TCM Movie Database
Marlene Dietrich Collection, Berlin (MDCB)
Marlene Dietrich Daily Telegraph obituary
A lm clip Air Army Invades Germany (1945) is
available for free download at the Internet Archive
A lm clip Atom Test Nears, 1946/06/13 (1946) is
available for free download at the Internet Archive
A lm clip Cruiser Bow Ripped O By Typhoon,
1945/07/23 (1945) is available for free download at
the Internet Archive

14

EXTERNAL LINKS

13

15
15.1

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

Text

Marlene Dietrich Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich?oldid=675333479 Contributors: AxelBoldt, Mav, Jeronimo,

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15.2

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File:2006-07-24_Friedhof_Schoeneberg_III_Grab_Dietrich.jpg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/

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14

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Contributors: Own work Original artist: User:Bastique, User:Ramac et al.
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Contributors: This is a cropped version of Image:Wikinews-logo-en.png. Original artist: Vectorized by Simon 01:05, 2 August 2006 (UTC)
Updated by Time3000 17 April 2007 to use ocial Wikinews colours and appear correctly on dark backgrounds. Originally uploaded by
Simon.
File:Wikiquote-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg License: Public domain
Contributors: ? Original artist: ?
File:Wikisource-logo.svg Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg License: CC BY-SA 3.0
Contributors: Rei-artur Original artist: Nicholas Moreau

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