DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING. INIVERSITY OF OTTAW,
Example: Seismic Design of Shear Walls in Ottawa
The twelve-storey reinforced concrete structure is to be designed for earthquake in the
east-west direction as a shear wall structure. The interior columns are all 500 x 500 mm.
while the exterior columns are 450 x 450 mm. The one-way slab floor system consists of
slab 110 mm thick spanning the E-W direction by beams in the N-S direction. The
secondary beams supporting the slab are 300 mm wide x 350 mm deep. The beams of
both the N-S and E-W frames are 400 mm x 600 mm deep for the first six storeys and
400 x 550 mm for the top six storeys. The typical storey height is 3.65 m.
p= 200 men tm wall
/ 1600 « 620 mm
PLAN VIEW
‘CVGO313 Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Stractuces Page | [VERSITY OF OTTAW,
Preliminary Layout: Minimum Requirements
No.10 @ 300mm HEF
>
= sae ee z° 4
E ——— —————— — ml
= 18 No.10 VEF °
4No.25 4No.25,
Moment Resistance:
105S9kNm P, =S358kN
‘M, =23356kNm P=5358kN ¢=978mm
2. M, =50559kNm P, =S75OKN
=S750kN c= 1090mm
40000
3000 ea
/
[
Response2000
Strain-Compatibiliy
i
15000
1000s: Me PF
5000 .
o
o
1000020000, 30000-40000» S000 60000
MOMENT RESISTANCE (Mr), kNm
NOTE: To increase moment resistance, increase concentrated reinforcement at the ends
of the wall
CVGO313 Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures Page 2 ERSITY OF OTTAWA
Approximate Method to Determine Required Flexural Reinforcement:
Pf
oP
CG rh
Assumptions:
Reinforcement in the web wall yields (7),
‘The resultant axial load located at a (M j=, * P, ).
Centre of compression (conerete and reinforcement) located in the centre of
segment |.
Tension force (concentrated reinforcement) in segment 2 is estimated by summing
‘moments about the centre of compression in segment |:
EM, =0= (5,7, )4((n,44,)xT,)-(c, «2,
8, = 0.0069
sign of Reinforced Concrete Structures Page 6
CVGO313 Seismic Analysis and L DI
-ARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEER
NG _UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA
NOTE: Increase stiffness of wall to decrease defl
tions oF increase inelastic rotation
capacity by increasing the ultimate concrete compressive strain.
Approximate Displacement Calculations
Tl
LWh,*
60EI
BEL 7
displacement corresponding to the concentrated seismic force at the top of the
building
approximate displacement corresponding to the distributed seismic loading
hy, = 43800mm
E, = 4500/30 = 24648MPa
1, =9.126x10" mm*
= 0.7(9.126x10" ) = 6.38810"? mm* (cracked section properties)
P=108kN W=I7I0KN VV = P4+W =1818kN.
Ph,’ __(108x10"X43800)"
betes y= 19mm
BEL 3(24648)(6.388%10
Hh NATOI0"YAS800) gt ay = 1820
GET ~ Golea6a8y6.388%10")
A
ore =A) +A, = 186mm Ay, = 200mm
CVG6313 Seismic Analysis and Design of Rei
forced Concrete Structures Page CL 216.74 €, =-0.014
Strain-Compatibility Analysis:
WALL PROPERTIES ew) pos aos
on foe
nist
nse
1M, =50559KNm
M, =51830kNm
2. M, = 50559kNm
M, =52738kNm © = 146mm
(0.014600)
a= =| SE -0.002 | = 0.038 < 0.025
. } ( 21146) ]
0.02 < 8, =0.025
NOTE: Inelastic rotation capacity is limited by tension steel strain. Therefore, reduce the
ultimate concrete compressive strain
CVG6313 Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures Page & PARTMENT VILE! INIVERSITY Ww,
(Ss 0.002} 0.025
2e
(2cX0.025 +0.002) _ (2x1146\0.027)
= 10°
i Goo 9.3810
—- 0.02 = 0.02
e,- (2cX0.02 + 0.002) (2x1146}0.022) _ 5 ggcig
1 ‘6600
NOTE: Confinement Reinforcement is based on the ultimate concrete compressive
strain
Stability of Walls: CL 21.6.3
baw
eos TT
> tay
Bohn b .
ST gay 20 te an
Cavite any
anditesale
Fite
fas
(ora Fae
Fig. N24.6.3 Minimum Wall thickness in Plastic Hinge Regions:
‘CVGO313 Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Conceete Stsuctures Page 9 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA,
Wall with boundary elements:
&,, = 0.0035
1, _ 3650-110
f,="30Y, = 652mm — Boundary clement b> = 110 354mm NG
Aa 9%, oundary clement 10 10
Web wall 8, ONO osm NG
is
£,, = 0.00746
N45/ = 573n Boundary element b> 4 = 354mm OK
f=573mm Boundary element — i= 354mm
Web wall b, 24 = 253mm NG
NOTE: To satisfy stability requirements may need to lengthen the boundary element and
increase thickness of the web wall to 250 mm.
Buckling Ties for Concentrated Reinforcement: CL 21.6.3
Hoop Spacing
(6d, = 6(35)
Sy $4 24d,, = 24(10)
Vteast dimension = V, (600) = 300mm
Use No. 10 @ 200 mm spacing
Hoop Arrangement
fa EO
100m acetate
CVGO313 Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Stuctures Page 10 No.10 @ 200mm
Shear Design in Plastic Hinge Region: CL 21.69
M.
a) Vy =—EEV, capacity design approach
1
b) V, =V,R,R, upper linear limit (capacity design not required)
M
50559kNm = —-V, =1818kN —P, = 5750KN (results in the larger shear)
M, =probable moment resistance 4, = 9,
Strain Compatibility: M ,, = 70605kNm
70605
= (1818) = 2537kN
50505 "88)
RR, = (1818)(1.6}3.5) = 10180kN
Vaous
CVG6313 Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Stuctures Page 11 UNIVERSITY OF
Shear Capacity:
Maximum permissible shear demand
Vinay O.150.F bth
Vina 010)
+}
04s 0.005 = 0.015
B Limits
B= 0.18
= 0.005 64= 0.015
@ Limits
0=45
0=35
Po+Pp=O.1F Ay PAP, =0.2F Ay
P, =axial load from dead and live load
P, =axial load arising from coupling elements.
109, f", bd, = 0.10(0.65)30200\0.8(6600)) = 2059KN
CVGO313 Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures Page 12 < 2537kN
NOTE: Increase wall web width to prevent crushing of the concrete due to shear effects
B=0
P.=ST7S0KN—O.Lf', A, = 0.1(30X1.8« 10°) = s400KN
o=45"
Determine required horizontal reinforcement:
Lab Fb, thle. coe
4, =08!,
SAB F".b.d, = (0.6540 W30(400)(6600x0.8) = OLN
V,2V, =2545kN
GAS, a C8 +5 < (085)200}(400)6600%0.8)cor 45
s * 2537%10"
Use No.10 @ 125 mm horizontal bars in the web wall
Use No.15 @ 275 mm horizontal bars in the web wall
Sliding Shear Resistance:
O.(c+H0)+$,p,f, cosa,
v,=¢,(c+u0)
. N
o=pf,sing, +
N
=p +
o=pf, A,
= 142mm
CL 21.6.9.4
Intentionally roughened surface c= 0.50MPa (cohesion) 1 = 1.00 (friction)
N= permanent unfactored axial load = S358kN
N 5358%10"
o + =0.0025(400)+
aw Taco"
3.98MPa
Assumes that the distributed web reinforcement prevents sliding
CVGO313 Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures, Page 13 9, (c+ #7) = 0.65(0.50 + 1.00(3.98)) =
Plastic Hinge Detailing
56600) = 900mm
; |t
|
2
ods
4
| i
i
an
| \,
SECTION | o2
\ a
"A, = 2.90(6600x 200) = 38444 > V,,
OMPa
2537kN
CL 21.6.2
miNMuM
/ REINFORCEMENT
—PossiBLe
capacity
ENVELOPE(S)
NOTE: For elevations above the plastic hinge region, factored bending moment
envelope must be modified in order to prevent premature yielding.
M,
Modification factor: = <7 at top of plastic hinge region
CVG6313 Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures
Page 14 DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGIN
Summary of Detailing Requirements
UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA
at the same location. Uniess | location
lap length less than % storey
height lap alternate floors
Plastic Hinge, ‘Gither Ragion
Distributed reinforcement ~|
“Amount 0.0025 300025
Spacing = 300 mm = 450 mm, =
Tying Buckling prevention tes, Column ties, Gisuse 765
Clause 216.69 _|
Horizontal reinforcement ‘Develop 1.25 f, within region | exlend into region of
anchorage of concentrated concentrated reinforcement
reinforcement
‘Concentrated reinforcement
Where required ‘at ends of walls and coupling | at ends of walls and coupling
beams, comers, and beams
| junctions
“Amount A,2 0.0018 By, A,2 0.001 yf,
{at least 4 bars) As 50.06 x area of A, 50.06 x area of
concentrated reinforcement | concentrated reinforcement
region region
Hoop requirements must salisfy Clauses 7.6 and | hoop spacing according
21.6.6.9 Clause 7.6
Splice requirements 1.8, and not more than 50% | 1.574 and 100% at the same
Summary of Design Deficiencies:
L 0.02 > @,, = 0.0069
652mm
Boundary element b>
Web wall
, = oon
Substitute: f
= ORO, v(tan 6 + cot) (Mohe’s circle of stress)
Substitute into: ¢, le, +2, )cor? a
7 fe 00 - Ilana easing) ova
Solve for €,,8, given €,
5, =300mm minimum stirrups
a=19mm aggregate size
NOTE: For design, a range of @ is possible such that the conerete does not crush and the
stirrups yield. Optimal values based on cost are chosen.
CVGO313 Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures Page 24 BE | | cee |nsins| ects | oss
Longitudinal Strain (Strain Effect): €,
‘+ the larger the strain at mid depth, the wider the cracks, reducing the contribution from.
aggregate interlock and, hence, the concrete contribution
_ My,
tc a . Moment: , = LE.
5Y,
osy, Shear; €, = 25Vs 0008
{ AE,
F ass,
Soar =08¥, cot
_— os, Axial Load: €,
a J ow.
M,
4, +0.5V, ct O+0.5N, =A, fia
AE, +A,E,
Members Without Transverse Reinforcement:
V=V4Y,
V,= BY, +V,
CVG6313 Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures Page 25 F CIVIL EN UNIV] FE OTTAW,
My
4d, +0.5V, cvB+0.SN, ~A, f,
AE, +AE,
0.33c018 0.8
1+/500e, bs 4 24E)
a+l6
vole slo ad (tan 6 + cor 0X0.8-+ 1708, Io 8
vB
‘a Kno
Valeo 8 dor Scions Net Cota Tani Reinforcement
‘apt
[dis | one
‘CVG6313 Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures Page 26 EXAMPLE:
Design the shear reinforcement for the T-Beam shown.
38.6 kNim
@
4 200mm
b= 500 mm
be 250 mm
4000 mm dail mm
Nos
£.=30MPa
f= 400 MPa
154.8 kN,
y
225kN
4+ 100mm = 470mm
> (0% = 0.9(411)=370mm
"© |0.72h = 0.72(500) = 360mm
+ Design stirrups: V, > V,
* Check section size _V,,,,, £ 0.250. f’, b,d, = 0.25(0.65\X30\250)(370) = 451kN
Vi nar >V, = 139kN
* Calculate required stirrups based on strength requirements
ABUT pga, PALA 8
v,
‘CVGO313 Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures Page 27 M,/
Jd, +0.5V, cot +0.5N
AE +AE,
M , = 69kNm 39k
69x108
* 470405139310" cor
0373x107 +0.139 x10" cord
(2500}(200000)
139108
“WA 250K370)
0.6(30)
084
0.1 estimate e, 0.00075 + @=34"
Check, = 0.373107 +0.139x107 cot(34) = 0.000579
Use @=34" 6 =0.189
Value of # and # fee Seis with TeanseseRelafncement
CVGO313 Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL.
UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA
Simplifications for Design: CSA A23.3-04 General Method
V.+V,4V,
BY Fb. d, +
a
cod +V, $0.25 f/b,d, +V,
s
Maximum Permissible Shear Stress on Crack: based on member without stirrups
o18/Z
" 2a
31
O31 16
300mm Simplified Equation for Crack Size: w=
__04sh
2+1000e,
“Ts 15008,
—O4 Size Effect {—1300_}
1415008, (000+, |
ps—04_(_1300_
1+1500e, (1000s,
0=29° + 7000e,
Longitudinal Strain (Strain Effect)
+ the larger the strain at mid depth, the wider the cracks, resulting in a the aggregate
interlock effect and concrete contribution
M/
,
Moment: ¢, =“
A
on
‘eal bend
CVG6313 Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures Pape 29 DEPARTMENT O} ENGINEERING UNIVE) OF OTTAWA
Assumptions:
» a= Me,
2) OScot6 =1.0
a
d,+V, -V, +0.5N,—Ayfyy
oie A,E,
e=
Effective Crack Spacing Parameter:
_ 35s,
0.855, members without transverse reinforcement
1S+a,
300mm members with minimum stirrups
70MPa
Area 2 0.00365,
‘Simplifications for Design: CSA A23.3-04 Simplified Method
A,
de
s
V, = BY frb.d, +
cold+V, $0.25 f.b,d, +V,
6=35°
Minimum Transverse Reinforcement: 8 = 0.18
No Transverse Reinforcement: 280 a, $ 20mm
2085s, a, #20mm
CVG6313 Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures Page 30,
