TABLE OF CONTENT

1. NOTATION ....................................................................................................................................... 1
2. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 2
DESIGN CONSIDERATION ................................................................................................................. 2
3. SLAB DESIGN AND CALCULATIONS ................................................................................................... 3
4. BEAM DESIGN CALCULATION ........................................................................................................... 7
5. STAIRS DESIGN............................................................................................................................... 17
6. Column design ............................................................................................................................... 21
7. Foundation design ......................................................................................................................... 27

1. NOTATION

: Cross section of tension reinforcement

: Cross section area of shear reinforcement (links)
As’: cross section of compression reinforcement
: Characteristic strength of reinforcement
: Characteristic strength of 28 days concrete
b: width of section
: Breadth of web
d: effective depth of tension reinforcement
d’: depth of compression reinforcement
e: eccentricity
: Characteristic strength of link reinforcement
: Characteristic dead load
: Characteristic dead load per unit length or area
h: overall depth of cross section in plane of bending
: Thickness of flange
I: Section moment of area
M: Bending moment
: Ultimate moment of resistance
N: Axial load
: Characteristic imposed load
: Characteristic imposed per unit length or area

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 1

 : Spacing of link along member
: Ultimate shear stress in concrete
V: Shear force
V: Shear stress
X: Neutral axis depth
Z: Lever arm
: Partial safety factor for load
: Partial safety factor for strength
Ø: Bar size

2. INTRODUCTION

In our case study, we are interested at conception and design of a building in reinforced
concrete. In this study we are designing a 4 story hostel building.

Our objectives in our calculations are:

- To study the actions to which our structure is subjected to.

- Examine the effects of these actions on building and the impact of them to building
stability and serviceability during its lifetime.
- Design each structural member of building to such actions and make it to perform the
need to which is intended satisfactory.

DESIGN CONSIDERATION

 Intended use of the structure : hostel building

 Fire resistance : 1.5hour for all elements
 General loading conditions :
-
Roof imposed and finishes : 0.5kN/m2
-
Trusses : 0.3kN/m2
-
Panne and contreventement : 0.1kN/m2
- 2
Ceiling : 0.1kN/m
-
Reinforced concrete : 24kN/m3
-
Finishes : 1.0kN/m2
- 3
Walls in bricks : 18kN/m
-
Chapped or mortar of cement : 20kN/m3

 Exposure conditions : Mild exposure

 Subsoil conditions : Allowable bearing pressure : 270KN/m2
 Foundation type : RC footings to columns and walls
Material data:
20mm for max aggregates
-fy= 460N/mm2 for main bars

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 2

 -fy= 460N/mm2 for links
-Self weight for concrete
- fcu =30KN /m3 for foundation.
- fcu =25KN/m3 for slab beam columns.
 Concrete grade : -foundation fcu=35N/mm2
-slab, beams, column fcu=35N/mm2

3. SLAB DESIGN AND CALCULATIONS

Bed room slab (P1, 2, 27, 17, 18) Panel each supports one brick wall.

Imposed Load= 1.5kN/m2

Let try overall depth be 175mm
Unit weight of the concrete slab: ϒ=24kN/m3
Self Weight= 0.175*24kN/m3=4.2kN/m2
Finishes= 1kN/m2
Dead loads= Self Weight + Finishes
The ultimate design load= 1.4*5.2kN/m2+ 1.6*1.5kN/m2 =9.68kN/m2

Slab in the Corridor, Aisles and in Entrance hall (P 3,4,5,6,7,8,11,12,13,15,16,19,23,24)

Self Weight= 0.175*24kN/m2=4.2kN/m2

Imposed load: 3kN/m2
Finishes= 1kN/m2
Total design load= 1.4*5.2kN/m2+ 1.6*3kN/m2= 12.08kN/m2
Slab in Toilets (P10, 11, 25, 26, 28)
Imposed load: 2kN/m2
Self Weight: 0.175*24kN/m2=4.2kN/m2
Finishes= 1kN/m2
Ultimate design load= 1.4*5.2kN/m2+1.6* 2kN/m2=11kN/m2

SLAB REINFORCEMENT DESIGN

Let consider effective depth d=140mm

Design load, bending moment, will be of worst case where are maximum sagging and hogging
moment.

Slab spanning in two directions

SLAB Lx Ly Ly/Lx βx(+) βy(+)

Design (+)Mx (+)My βx(-) βy(-) (-)Mx (-)My
load
(kN/m2)
P1 402 520 1.294 0.035 0.024 9.68 5.475 3.754 0.046 0.032 7.196 5.006

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P2 420 520 1.238 0.033 0.024 9.68 5.635 4.098 0.043 0.032 7.342 5.464
P8 413 520 1.259 0.034 0.024 12.08 7.006 4.945 0.044 0.032 9.066 6.594
P10 520 520 1 0.03 0.028 11 8.923 8.328 0.039 0.037 11.600 11.005
P13 180 180 1 0.024 0.024 12.08 0.939 0.939 0.031 0.032 1.213 1.252
P15 104 180 1.731 0.043 0.024 12.08 0.562 0.314 0.058 0.032 0.758 0.418
P17 400 520 1.3 0.035 0.024 9.68 5.421 3.717 0.046 0.032 7.124 4.956
P18 400 520 1.3 0.051 0.034 9.68 7.899 5.266 0.069 0.045 10.687 6.970
P20 450 512 1.138 0.043 0.034 12.08 10.519 8.317 0.035 0.045 8.562 11.008
P21 150 300 2 0.07 0.034 12.08 1.903 0.924 0.093 0.045 2.528 1.223
P25 402 520 1.294 0.051 0.034 11 9.066 6.044 0.069 0.045 12.266 7.999
P26 402 520 1.294 0.039 0.028 11 6.933 4.977 0.052 0.037 9.244 6.577
P27 420 520 1.238 0.038 0.028 9.68 6.489 4.781 0.050 0.037 8.538 6.318

In Lx direction:

Maximum sagging moment (positive) is 10.52KNm

Maximum hogging moment (negative) is 10.69KNm
Deflection requirements: Span effective depth ratio=
- The longest Span =5.2m and we have a continuous slab, thus basic span -effective depth
ratio= 26
-
From table 6.7 modification factor=1.65
Limitation: Span effective depth ratio=26*1.65= 42.9
Actual Span effective depth ratio=
Thus, effective depth of 140mm is adequate!
As =

K= =0.018
) =137mm
As = = =192mm2/m, Verify minimum reinforcements
227.5mm2,As is less than the minimum; hence we will use the minimum,
As=227.58; T10 t 300mm, in Lx direction.

At support (Hogging moment)

K= =0.0181
) =137mm
As = = =195mm2/m, which is less to minimum; Hence we will use the minimum
As= 227.5mm2/m T10 at 300mm, As= 262mm2, in Lx direction, at the top.

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 4

Overall depth=d+Ø+cover=140+10+25=175mm
Verify minimum reinforcements 227.5mm2 and maximum
, reinforcements comply with specification:
In Ly direction:

Maximum sagging moment (positive) is 8.895KNm

Maximum hogging moment (negative) is 11.773KNm.
As reinforcements in Lx direction reduces effective depth, then z=137mm
-Reinforcement at mid-span:
As= , As is below the minimum, 227.5mm2, we have to
take the minimum. Provide T10 at300mm, As= 262 mm2.

-Reinforcements at the supports:

As= =216mm2/m. Therefore, provide T10 at 300mm and As= 262mm2 at

the top as As found is less than minimum required.

SLAB SPANING IN ONE DIRETION

Design
SLAB Lx Ly Ly/Lx load(kN/m2) M
P3 180 402 2.23333 12.08 4.8924
P4 180 420 2.33333 12.08 4.8924
P5 150 402 2.68 12.08 3.3975
P6 150 420 2.8 12.08 3.3975
P7 150 413 2.75333 12.08 3.3975
P9 180 413 2.29444 12.08 4.8924
P11 180 520 2.88889 12.08 4.8924
P12 180 520 2.88889 12.08 4.8924
P14 104 520 5 11 1.4872
P16 180 520 2.88889 12.08 4.8924

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 P19 180 400 2.22222 12.08 4.8924
P22 150 505 3.36667 12.08 3.3975
P23 150 400 2.66667 12.08 3.3975
P24 150 455 3.03333 12.08 3.3975

Deflection limitation:
The maximum span=180mm.
Then the maximum span effective depth ratio=basic span effective depth ratio*modification
factor.

Slab spanning in one direction is simply supported, so basic span-effective depth ration is 20.
= =0.25

There for the modification factor is 1.68

Then the maximum span effective depth ratio=20*1.68= 33.6
Actual span effective depth ratio= =1.28 which is less than the maximum span effective
depth ratio that complies with allowable deflection.
Maximum bending is 5.2326kNm

We are using an effective depth d=140mm

K= = =0.0083

) =138.5mm

As = = =88.2mm2/m

Verify minimum reinforcements 227.5mm2

As the calculated reinforcements are below the minimum we have to use the minimum
required As= 227.5mm2

. Therefore, provide T10 at 300mm and As= 262mm2

In the transverse direction, reinforcement to resist the cracking: As= = =
227.5mm2/m. Te we provide T10 at 300mm.

Crack control

BS8110 requires that the bars spacing should not exceed 3d.For this case the highest spacing of
bars is 300mm, therefore no crack because 300<3*140mm=420mm.

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 6

 4. BEAM DESIGN CALCULATION

Beams design will be carried out considering remarkable one (s) which is/are highly loaded. In
our project, these beams are marked 3

Weight of supported wall:

Brick wall, 115mm thick has 2.6KN/m2 and our wall is 200mm thick therefore its weight is
4.52KN/m2.

The width of the beam is 200mm. Then distribution load along beam length is
4.52*0.2=9.04KN/m.

Weight of slab:

Beam3:

Total area of slab carried by beam=16.893+11.552+8.819+5.94+3.334+22.87=69.408 m2

Unit weight of the concrete slab: ϒ=24kN/m3 and thickness=175mm

Weight of slab= 0.175*69.408 *24kN =291.51kN.Its distribution along length of beam is

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 7

291.51kN/41.17m=7.08KN/m

Self Weight of beam per unit length:

Let try overall height h=400mm, then self weight of beam per unit
length=0.4*0.2*24=19.2KN/m

Finishes= 1kN/m2*69.408 m2/41.17m=1.68KN/m

Total dead loads = Weight of slab + Finishes + weight of wall +self weight of beam
=7.08KN/m +1.68KN/m+9.04KN/m+19.2KN/m=37KN/m
Imposed load:
- room= 1.5kN/m2
- corridor , aisles, entrance hall=3kN/m2
- toilet=2kN/m2

Total Distributed
2
Beam 3 Comment Area Load(kN/m ) Load(kN) Length(m) Load(kN/m)
Toilet 16.893 2 33.786
C-G Corridor 11.552 3 34.656 16.44 4.17
Room 8.819 1.5 13.2285
G-I Corridor 5.94 3 17.82 8.4 3.7
I-M Corridor 3.334 3 10.002 4.13 2.42
M-R Toilet 22.87 2 45.74 12.2 3.75

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 A.THE FIRST SPAN

A1= 6.85m2
 The characteristic dead load for the slab over that beam is
3
24KN/m *6.85*0.175/4.02=7.156kN/m
 Brick wall, 115mm thick has 2.6KN/m2 and our wall is 200mm thick therefore its weight is
4.52KN/m2
The width of the beam is 200mm. Then distribution load along beam length is
4.52*0.2=9.04KN/m.
 The self weight of beam 19.2KN/m
 Finishes== 1kN/m2*6.85m2/4.02m=1.7kN/m.
 The total characteristic dead load Gk=(7.156+9.04+19.2+1.7)kN/m=37.096kN/m
 The characteristic imposed load is 2KN/m2 (CASE OF TOILET),3 KN/m2(CASE OF CORRIDOR)
Therefore the imposed load is Qk=Qk*A/L=2KN/m*4.041/4.02=2.01kN/m
Qx=3*2.808/4.02kN/m =2.09 kN/m
Total imposed load Qk =4.1 kN/m
The total design load for the beam under the first span is
Qk=1.4Gk+1.6Qk=1.4*37.096kN/m +1.6*4.1 kN/m=58.5 kN/m
B. 2nd SPAN

As shown the second span is similar to the first span.

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 9

C. 3nd SPAN

A3= 7.37m2

 The characteristic dead load for the slab over that beam is
24KN/m3*7.37m2*0.175m/4.2m=7.37kN/m
 Brick wall, 115mm thick has 2.6KN/m2 and our wall is 200mm thick therefore its weight is
4.52KN/m2
The width of the beam is 200mm. Then distribution load along beam length is
4.52*0.2=9.04KN/m.
 The self weight of beam 19.2KN/m
 Finishes= 1kN/m2*7.37m2/4.2m=1.75kN/m.
 The total characteristic dead load Gk=(7.37+9.04+19.2+1.75)kN/m=37.36kN/m
 The characteristic imposed load is 2kN/m2 (CASE OF TOILET),3 KN/m2(CASE OF CORRIDOR)
Therefore the imposed load is Qk= Qk*A/L=2 kN/m*4.41/4.2= 2.1kN/m
Qx=3*2.97/4.2kN/m =2.121kN/m
Total imposed load Qk =4.221 kN/m
The total design load for the beam under the third span is
Qk=1.4Gk+1.6Qk=1.4*37.36kN/m +1.6*4.221kN/m= 59.0576 kN/m

D. 4th SPAN

As shown the 4th, span is similar to the third span.

E. 5th SPAN

A5= 7.37m2

 The characteristic dead load for the slab over that beam is
3 2
24KN/m *7.37m *0.175m/4.2m=7.37kN/m
 Brick wall, 115mm thick has 2.6KN/m2 and our wall is 200mm thick therefore its weight is
4.52KN/m2
The width of the beam is 200mm. Then distribution load along beam length is
4.52*0.2=9.04KN/m.
 The self weight of beam 19.2KN/m
 Finishes= 1kN/m2*7.37m2/4.2m=1.75kN/m.
 The total characteristic dead load Gk=(7.37+9.04+19.2+1.75)kN/m=37.36kN/m
 The characteristic imposed load is 1.5kN/m2 (CASE OF ROOM),3 KN/m2(CASE OF CORRIDOR)
Therefore the imposed load is Qk=Qk*A/L=1.5kN/m*4.41/4.2=1.575kN/m
Qx=3*2.97/4.2kN/m =2.121kN/m
Total imposed load Qk =3.696 kN/m
The total design load for the beam under the third span is
Qk=1.4Gk+1.6Qk=1.4*37.36kN/m +1.6*3.696kN/m=58.2176kN/m

F. 6th SPAN

As shown the 4th, span is similar to the third span

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 10

G. 7th SPAN

A7= 2.911m2

 The characteristic dead load for the slab over that beam is
24KN/m3*2.911m2*0.175m/4.13m=2.96kN/m
 The self weight of beam 19.2KN/m
 Finishes= 1kN/m2*2.911m2/4.13m=0.7kN/m.
 The total characteristic dead load Gk=(2.96+19.2+0.7)kN/m= 22.86kN/m
 The characteristic imposed load is 3 KN/m2(CASE OF CORRIDOR)
Therefore the imposed load is Qk=Qk*A/L= 3*2.911/4.13kN/m =2.11kN/m
The total design load for the beam under the third span is
Qk=1.4Gk+1.6Qk=1.4*22.86kN/m +1.6*2.11kN/m=35.38kN/m

K. 8th SPAN

A8= 10.626m2
 The characteristic dead load for the slab over that beam is
3 2
24KN/m *10.626m *0.175m/5.2m=8.58kN/m
 Brick wall, 115mm thick has 2.6KN/m2 and our wall is 200mm thick therefore its weight is
4.52KN/m2
The width of the beam is 200mm. Then distribution load along beam length is
4.52*0.2=9.04KN/m.
 The self weight of beam 19.2KN/m
 Finishes= 1kN/m2*10.626m2/5.2m=2.04kN/m.
 The total characteristic dead load Gk=(8.58+9.04+19.2+2.04)kN/m=29.9104kN/m
 The characteristic imposed load is 2kN/m2 (CASE OF TOILET)
Therefore the imposed load is Qk=Qk*A/L=2kN/m*10.626/5.2=4.09kN/m
The total design load for the beam under the third span is
Qk=1.4Gk+1.6Qk=1.4*29.9104kN/m +1.6*4.09kN/m=48.42kN/m
L. 9th SPAN

A9= 1.62m2
 The characteristic dead load for the slab over that beam is 24KN/m 3*1.62m2*0.175m/1.8m=
3.78kN/m.
 Brick wall, 115mm thick has 2.6KN/m2 and our wall is 200mm thick therefore its weight is
4.52KN/m2.
The width of the beam is 200mm. Then distribution load along beam length is
4.52*0.2=9.04KN/m.
 The self weight of beam 19.2KN/m
 Finishes= 1kN/m2*1.62m2/1.8m= 0.9kN/m.
 The total characteristic dead load Gk=(3.78+9.04+19.2+0.9)kN/m=32.92kN/m
 The characteristic imposed load is 2kN/m2 (CASE OF TOILET)
Therefore the imposed load is Qk=Qk*A/L=2kN/m*1.62/1.8=1.8kN/m
The total design load for the beam under the third span is

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 11

Qk=1.4Gk+1.6Qk=1.4*32.92kN/m +1.6*1.8kN/m=48.968kN/m
M. 10th SPAN

As shown the 10th, span is similar to the 8th span

4.2. STATIC FIGURE OF BEAM (BODY DIAGRAM)

It will normally be sufficient to consider the following arrangements of vertical load:

a) all spans loaded with the maximum design ultimate load (1.4Gk + 1.6 Qk)
b) alternate span loaded with the maximum design ultimate load (1.4G k + 1.6 Qk) and all other
spans loaded with the minimum designed ultimate load (1.0 G k)

For the beam considered in our case study, we find that there is two body diagram one is
which gives the negative moment for the supports, another gives the positive moment for
the spans respectively.

Loading arrangement for maximum moment.

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 12

Loading arrangement for maximum moment at support.

Loading arrangement for maximum shear at supports.

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 13

Reinforcement design.

Bending reinforcements

Reinforcement in mid span: as it undertakes sagging moment it will be treated as tee section
beam.

Loading arrangement and static analysis of beam shows that the maximum bending moment at
mid span is 136.48KNm.

Let check whether equivalent stress block lies within flange of the beam, (d-z<hf/2)

=0.081 which lesser than 0.156, therefore compression steel are not
required.

Lever arm )=477mm

(530-4770) mm=53mm<175mm.

As= =714.95mm2

Then, we provide 4T16 with As= 804mm2 at bottom of beam.

Let check if As provided is greater to the minimum required 100As/bw h=0.13% for high yield
steel and bw/b≥0.4.

bw= b+0.7lo/5=928mm

Reinforcement at supports: as it undergoes hogging moment, beam will be treated as

rectangular beam. Maximum hogging moment is 142.8KNm, overall height of beam h=400mm
so effective depth d=400-25-8-10=357mm

= =0.186

K=0.186>0.156 so compression reinforcements are required (at bottom).

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 14

 and

S=0.5d=0.5*357=178.5mm, Lever arm Z=d-s/2=267.75mm.Let take d’=45mm

As’= =188.27mm2, provide 2T12 with As’=226mm2.

As= 1339.28mm2, and then provide 5T20 (As=1570wmm2). The

provided area of reinforcements is greater to minimum required.

Shear reinforcements

The loading arrangement shows that maximum shear force, therefore stress, occurs is
180.86KN
Maximum shear tress will occur at supports faces. Shear force at support face
Vs=180.86-59*0.1= 174.96KN
Shear stress v= 2187KN/m2=2.187N/mm2 <0.8. or 5N/mm2

Shear stress resisted by concrete vc:

=1.97 from table X, vc= 0.875N/mm2
Shear force at critical section (at distance d from support face) Vd= 174.96-59*0.357=153.89KN
Shear stress at critical section v d= N/mm2, consequently shear
reinforcements are required.
= Provide T8 at 175mm,

Minimum size of shear links= so T8 link bars are adequate.

Maximum spacing is 12Ø=12*16=192mm so spacing of 175mm is adequate.
Nominal shear resistance Vn= +b*vc)d=144.62KN
Distance to which shear links have to extend(S) =
Number of links= = 4 links from support face.
Nominal shear resistance links: = 0.1999 (for high yield steel). From the appendix
table2. Reinforced concrete design nominal shear links will be T8 at 300mm As/sv=0.335
(minimum possible).

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 15

 In mid span
Interior supports

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 16

 5. STAIRS DESIGN

Stair 1
Imposed load is 3KN/m2.
Waist is assumed 150mm, span=2.4m, height=1.5m, tread is 265mm, riser 180mm, landing is
1.2m, slop length= m
Self weight per 1m length=24(2.83*0.15+0.265*1.5/2) KN/m= 15.372KN/m.
Imposed load per unit length=3*2.4KN/m= 7.2KN/m.
Ultimate load design=15.372*1.4+7.2*1.6= 33.0408KN/m.
Ultimate moment design= = 23.789KNm.
Check for span effective depth ratio
Basic span- effective depth ratio =20,
=1.79, therefore modification factor is 1.14
By increasing by 15%, limiting span-effective depth ratio is
20*(1+0.15)*1.14= 26.22. Actually span-effective depth ratio= , therefore our
sizing is adequate.
0.0599<0.156, no compression steel required.

Lever arm )= 106.75mm.

As= =556.6mm2/m which is greater to minimum required of 227.5mm2. Provide T12 at

200mm (As=566mm2)
Transverse distribution steel= = 195mm2/m, then provide T8 at 250mm (As=201mm2).

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 17

 150mm

Stair 2
Imposed load is 3KN/m2.
Waist is assumed 180mm, span=3.1m, height=1m, tread is 27cm, riser 16.5cm, landing is 1.2m,
slop length= m
Self weight per 1m length=24(3.257*0.18+0.270*1/2) KN/m= 17.31024KN/m.
Imposed load per unit length=3*3.1KN/m= 9.3KN/m.
Ultimate load design=17.31024*1.4+9.3*1.6= 39.114336KN/m.
Ultimate moment design= = 46.98609612KNm.
Check for span effective depth ratio
Basic span- effective depth ratio =20, let effective depth be 145mm.
=2.23, therefore modification factor is 1.0578, from table X
By increasing by 15%, limiting span-effective depth ratio is
20*(1+0.15)* 1.0578= 24.33. Actually span-effective depth ratio= , therefore our
sizing is adequate.
0.075<0.156, no compression steel required.

Lever arm )= 131.69mm.

As= =891.4mm2/m which is greater to minimum required of 227.5mm2. Provide T12 at

125mm (As=905mm2)

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 18

Transverse distribution steel= =234mm2/m, then provide T8 at 200mm (As=252mm2).

Stair 3

Imposed load is 3KN/m2.

Waist is assumed 180mm, span=3m, height=1.5m, tread is 33mm, riser 18.5mm, landing is
1.2m, slop length= m

Self weight per 1m length=24(3.35*0.18+0.33*1.5/2) KN/m= 20.4KN/m.

Imposed load per unit length=3*3KN/m= 9KN/m.

Ultimate load design=20.4*1.4+9*1.6= 42.9KN/m.

Ultimate moment design= = 48.26KNm.

Check for span effective depth ratio

Basic span- effective depth ratio =20, let effective depth is 145mm.

=2.29, therefore modification factor is 1.05

By increasing by 15%, limiting span-effective depth ratio is

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 19

20*(1+0.15)* 1.05= 24.15. Actually span-effective depth ratio= , therefore our
sizing is adequate.
0.076<0.156, no compression steel required.

Lever arm )= 131.5mm.

As= =917mm2/m which is greater to minimum required of 227.5mm2. Provide T12 at

100mm (As=1130mm2).
Transverse distribution steel= =234mm2/m, then provide T8 at 200mm

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 20

 6. Column design

Design principal is based on the worst case consideration. From the analysis of our building, the
most loaded columns are C1 and C2.where C1 is inside column and C2 is corner column.
Inside column C1
This will be general to all inside columns.
Floors
Dead loads:-slab contribution=4.2*0.175*3.5*24KN/m= 61.74K N
-Beam contribution=0.4*0.2(3.5+4.2)*24KN=14.784KN
Brick wall, 115mm thick has 2.6KN/m2 and our wall is 200mm thick therefore its
weight is 4.52KN/m2, then equivalent load due to wall is 4.52*0.2*(3.5+4.2)= 6.96KN
Equivalent dead load Gk=61.74+14.784+ 6.96= 83.4848KN
Live load Qk= (2*10.913+3*3.778) = 33.145KN
Let dimension of column be 200mm by 300mm.
Self weight =0.2*0.3*3*24*=4.32 KN
Roof
The surface area of roof S = 14.691m2.
Slope α = 45°, S = 14.691/ cos45= 20.77m2
Dead load of roof = 0.50kN/m2 * 20.77m2 = 10.38kN
Live load with maximum effect of 0.9kN, is = 0.25kN/m2 *20.77m2 + 0.9kN = 6.0925kN
Design load Qc = 1.4* (10.38+14.784) + 1.6* 6.0925 = 44.9776kN
Floor 2, 3, 4
Total design load =1.6Qk+1.4Gk=1.4* 83.48+1.6* 33.145= 169.9KN
qk=Qk/L=83.48/3.5= 23.85KN/m, gk=Gk/L=33.145/3.5=9.47KN/m
Floor 1: Total load = (1.4*23.85*2.6+1.6*9.47*2.6)+1.0*23.85*0.9= 147.69KN

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 21

 roof level

4thfloor

3rdfloor

2ndfloo
r

A B C 1stfloor

Column under 1st floor

Bending moment: BMB=BMBA-BMBC=

.
4
Member stiffness K= I

3
Beam: K= I

KBA= *10-3m3

KBC= =0.29*10-3m3

4
Column: I= =0.45* , K= =

0.29)*10-3m3=0.6926*10-3m3

Moment distribution factors:

Beam: BA: *10-3m3/0.6926*10-3m3=0.16

BC: 0.29*10-3m3/0.6926*10-3m3=0.42

Column: (under and top side)

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 22

These values are applied the same to1st, 2nd, 3rdand 4th floor

roof level: 0.29)*10-3m3=0.5425*10-3m3

Moment distribution factors:

Beam: BA: *10-3m3/0.6926*10-3m3=0.16

BC: 0.29*10-3m3/0.6926*10-3m3=0.42

Column: 0.267

Floors N(KN) M(KNm) As(mm2)

roof level 44.9776 13.008 0.75 0.72 0.4 240

4th top 51.026 10.52 0.85 0.58 0.4 240
Under 220.9 10.52 3.68 0.58 0.4 240

3rdtop 226.97 10.52 3.8 0.58 0.4 240

Under 396.87 10.52 6.6 0.58 0.4 240
nd
2 top 402.92 10.52 6.7 0.58 0.4 240
Under 572.82 10.52 9.55 0.58 0.4 240
st
1 top 578.87 10.52 9.65 0.58 0.4 240
Under 726.56 10.52 12.1 0.58 0.4 240
Using column design chart (figure9.7)

We provide 4T10, =314mm2

Links size let use T8

Minimum size=12/4=3, so T8 links are adequate.

Spacing of links is 12Ø=12*10=120mm

At lap requirements <10, =1.05<10, (2As because at lap area of reinforcements

will be doubled).

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 23

Corner column C2
Roof

The surface area of roof S = 3*3=9m2.

Slope α = 45°, S = 9/ cos45= 12.73m2

Load of roof = 0.50kN/m2 * 12.73m2 = 6.37kN

Live load with maximum effect of 0.9kN, is 0.25kN/m2 *12.73m2 + 0.9kN = 4.08kN

Design load Qc = 1.4* (6.08+9.98) + 1.6* 4.08 = 29.012kN

Floor

Dead loads:-slab contribution =2.6*2.6*0.175*24= 28.39KN

Beam contribution =0.2*0.4*5.2*24= 9.98KN

Brick wall, 115mm thick has 2.6KN/m2 and our wall is 200mm thick therefore its
weight is 4.52KN/m2, then equivalent load due to wall is 4.52*0.2*5.2= 4.61KN

Their total dead load= (28.39KN+9.98KN+4.61KN) =42.98KN

Live load=2*2.6*2.6= 13.52KN

1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th floor the total load=42.98*1.4+ 13.52*1.6=81.804KN

Self weight of column =*0.2*0.3*3*24=4.32KN

The part of end column which is most loaded is that of 1st floor underside. Beam span is 5.2m
and is loaded with 59KN/m

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 24

Column under 1st floor

Mx=My= = =132.95KNm

4
Member stiffness K= I

3
Beam: K= I

K= *10-3m3

4
Column: I= =0.45* , K= =

*10-3m3=0.505 *10-3m3

Moment distribution factors:

Beam: *10-3m3/0.505 *10-3m3=0.21

Column: (under and top side)

These values are applied the same to1st, 2nd, 3rdand 4th floor

Roof level: )*10-3m3=0.355*10-3m3

Moment distribution factors:

Beam: *10-3m3/0.355*10-3m3=0.29

Column: 0.42

Moments after redistribution and axial loads

Floors N(KN) M(KNm)

roof level 29.012 55.84

4th top 35.06 39.89
Under 117.06 39.89

3rdtop 121.38 39.89

Under 203.38 39.89
2nd top 207.7 39.89
Under 289.7 39.89
st
1 top 294.02 39.89
Under 376.02 39.89

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 25

As column under 1st floor has high axial load and medium moment equally about both axes, we
can consider this part only and represents the upper ones.

, as = and h>b. consequently the increased single axis design moment is about
y-y axis = +ß

Cover + Ø/2=55mm + 5mm= 60mm

h’=300-60=240mm; b’=200-60=140mm

From table 9.4 value of ß is o.77, My’=39.89+0.77* *39.89=57.8KNm and then column is
symmetrically reinforced.

=3.2, = =6.2

From column design chart 9.7 =1.5>0.4(greater to minimum required) and therefore As =
840mm2

We provide 8T12, As =905mm2

Links size let use T8

Minimum size=12/4=3, so T8 links are adequate.

Spacing of links is 12Ø=12*10=120mm

At lap requirements <10, =3.017<10, (2As because at lap area of reinforcements

will be doubled).

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 26

 7. Foundation design

Dead loads: -slab contribution=2.6*2.6*0.175*24KN/m=28.39KN

-Beam contribution=0.4*5.2*0.2*24KN/m= 9.984 KN

-Column weight =0.2*0.3*3*24=4.32KN

-Brick wall, 115mm thick has 2.6KN/m2 and our wall is 200mm thick therefore its
weight is 4.52KN/m2, then equivalent load due to wall is 4.52*5.2= 4.7008 KN
Load of roof = 0.50kN/m2 * 12.73m2 = 6.37kN

Live load with maximum effect of 0.9kN, is 0.25kN/m2 *12.73m2 + 0.9kN = 4.08kN

Live load= = 2*2.6*2.6*5+4.08= 71.68KN

Total dead load on foundation Gk= (28.39 + 9.98 +4.32+ 4.7008)*5+6.37+9.984= 253.308KN

The bearing capacity of the soil: 270kN/m2

Assume the weight of the footing 50kN.

a) For the serviceability limit state: Total design axial load=1.0Gk+1.0Qk+50kN= 253.308kN +
71.68kN+50kN= 374.99kN.

Required base area= = 1.4m2, let’s take 1.44m2. Provide a 1.2mX1.2m square base.

b) For the Ultimate limit State: 1.4Gk+1.6Qk=1.4*253.38kN+1.6*71.68kN= 469.42kN

Earth pressure=

c) Assume a 400mm thick footing and with the footing constructed on blinding layer of
concrete (let be of 30mm) the minimum cover is taken as 50mm. Therefore take mean
effective depth d=320mm.

At the column face, shear stress, = <0.8

d) Punching shear: perimeter= Column perimeter+8*1.5d =1000mm+8*1.5*320mm

=4840mm

Area within perimeter= (200+3d)(300+3d)= 1461600mm2=1.4616m2>1.44m2

Punching shear at 1.5d from column face 1.5*320=330mm=0.48mm. Therefore at 0.1+0.48=0.58m

which acts out of critical perimeter? So It is not necessary to check punch shear now.

Bending reinforcements

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 27

W= *1.2m=391KN/m

Bending moment M= = = 70.39KNm

K= = =0.016<0.156 no top compression reinforcements required.

Lever arm z=d {0.5+(√0.25-K/0.9)}= 314mm

As= = =560mm2, minimum As = = =624mm2, As computed is

lesser than the minimum required. Thus use minimum reinforcements. Provide 6T12, spacing at
210mm, As=679mm2.

Footing 2: combined footing

Column 1

Total dead load =61.74+14.784+ 6.96= 83.4848KN (for floors 1, 2, 3 and 4)

Live load Qk= (2*10.913+3*3.778) = 33.145KN (for each floor)

Weight of column =0.2*0.3*3*24*=4.32 KN

Load of roof: 10.38+14.784= 25.17KN (dead load)

6.0925 (imposed load)

Dead load on footing Gk= 83.4848KN*5+4.32 KN*5+25.17KN=464.194KN

Live load on footing Qk=33.145KN*5+ 6.0925KN=171.8175KN

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 28

Load of roof = 1.4* (10.38+14.784) + 1.6* 6.0925 = 44.9776kN

Total load on footing = (1.4*83.4848KN +1.6*33.145KN)*4 + 44.9776kN +4.32 KN*5=746.22KN

Column 2

Total dead load Gk=61.74+14.784+ 6.96= 83.4848KN (for floors 1, 2, 3 and 4)

Live load Qk= (1.5*10.913+3*3.778) = 27.7KN (for each floor

Weight of column =0.2*0.3*3*24*=4.32 KN

Load of roof: 10.38+14.784= 25.17KN (dead load)

6.0925KN (imposed load)

Dead load on footing Gk= 83.4848*5KN+4.32*5 KN+25.17KN=464.194KN

Live load on footing Qk =27.7*5KN + 6.0925KN =144.59KN

Load of roof = 1.4* (10.38+14.784) + 1.6* 6.0925 = 44.9776kN

Total load on footing = (1.4*83.4848KN +1.6* 27.7KN)*4 + 44.9776kN +4.32 KN*5= 711.39KN

Serviceability and sizing footing

Take self weight of footing =50kN=

Total design load =1.0* Gk+1.0 Qk=464.194*2+144.59+171.8+50= 1294.778 KN

Cross sectional area of footing A= = 4.8m2 consider rectangular section of 1.9m by 2.6m:
A= 4.94m2.

The resultant load should acts at centroid of section. Let centroid be at distance x from column
of 171.8KN life load:

X= =0. 88m.

Ultimate design load and earth bearing pressure:

1.4 Gk +1.6 Qk =1.4(464.2*2) +1.6(144.59+171.8) = 1805.984KN

Earth pressure = =365.6KN/m2

Let try thickness of footing h=500mm.And then effective depth d=420mm

Shear analysis:

Shear stress at column face

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 29

Column of live load of 144.59KN

v c= = =2.1N/mm2<0.8√ =4.7N/mm2

Column of live load of 171.8KN

v c= = =2.2N/mm2<0.8√ =4.7N/mm2

A B C D

M(x) = -881(x-0.3778), M’(x)= 694.64x-881=0 where bending moment is maximum.

X=1.26m from A, M= -881*(1.26-0.3778)= 225.8KNm between A and B
Moment at column of 881KN: M= =49.57KNm
Moment at column of 924.76Kn: M= = 61.27KNm
Punching shear:
W=365.6*1.9=694.64KN
Shear force: -at left face of column A: V=245.33KN
-at right face of column A: V=-635.567KN
- at left face of column B V=633.01KN
-at right face of column B: V=291.75KN
Punching shear at 1.5d from column face 1.5*420=630mm=0.63mm. Therefore at 0.1+0.63=0.73m
which acts out of critical perimeter? So it is not necessary to check punch shear now.
Shear at critical section (at 1.0d from column face) =635.567-694.64*(0.1+0.42) = 274.35KN.

Shear stress at critical section v= = =0.34N/mm2

Longitudinal bending reinforcement

 At top (between columns): K= = =0.028<0.156

Lever arm z=d {0.5+ (√0.25-K/0.9)}=406.5mm

As= = =1388mm2. Provide 7T16, As= 1410mm2 at top spacing at 290mm

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 30

 t bottom of columns moment at face of column M=694.64*(0.42-0.15)= 187.5528KNm

K= = =0.016<0.156

Lever arm z=d {0.5+ (√0.25-K/0.9)}=412.4mm

As= = =1136.4mm2

Minimum required = = 1235mm2, As is lesser than minimum, so take minimum required.

Therefore provide 7T16 where As= 1410mm2=bottom spacing at 290mm.

Bending in transversal direction: bending moment at column face M=365.6*0.952/2=

164.98KNm/m

K= = =0.014<0.156

Lever arm z=d {0.5+ (√0.25-K/0.9)}=413.3mm

As= = =997.37mm2/m

The minimum required = = 650mm2 /m which is less to area computed.

Provide T16 at 200mm, As=1010mm2/m.

6. REFERENCES
BS8110-1-1997_Reinforced_concrete-1
BS8110-3-1985 Reinforced concrete design charts-1
BS 6399 Pt1 Loading for Buildings
W.H.Mosley, J.H.Bungey. Reinforced concrete design

TP of Reinforced Concrete, by Group 7A, CE, Level3 Page 31