Professional Documents
Culture Documents
VELICH
ANGLO-NORMAN ENGLAND
Edward the Confessor, Harold Godwin(son) vs. Harold Hardrada
William the Bastard
the Battle of Hastings /14 Oct,1066/, William the Conqureror crowned as William I /1066-87/
Anti-Norman rebellions
1086: the Domesday Book
William I dies /1087/ : his domain split: Normandy for Robert
England for William II /1087-1100/
third son, Henry crowned as Henry I /1100-35/
--- by 1106 Tenchebrai
--- compromise with Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury
--- ''Lion of Justice'',
Roger of Salisbury & the Exchequer
Norman Castles for defence /motte & bailey/
Norman style churches & cathedrals, new monastic fervor /eg. Fountain Abbey/
12th century Renaissance /John of Salisbury/
Henry I' s problems with the succession, son drowned, Matilda to succeed, but
Stephen /1135-54/ seized the thrown & crowned
civil war : Stephen vs. Matilda & Geoffrey of Anjou, succession settled by 1153
Henry II /1154-89/ -- m. Eleanor of Aquitaine --- the Angevin/Plantagenet/ Empire
--- end of civil war
--- effective royal administration /Glanville/, Common Law, itinerant assizes /Grand &
Petty Assize/ and the jury
--- debate with the church, with Thomas Becket /the Constitution of Clarendon of 1164/, after
Becket's murder had to compromise
Richard I /1189-1199/ -- brave & successful crusader, '' Lion Hearted'', but ransomed
-- attacked by Philip II/Augustus/
John /Sans Terre, 1199--1216/ -- swore fealty to Philip II, but alienated the Norman barons by
killing Arthur of Britanny, so lost their support & Normandy /1204/
Further Reading: M.T. Clanchy. England and its Rulers 1066-1272. /Fontana,
Compulsory Reading for the End of Term Test: Roberts & Roberts. A History of England
Frank-Magyarics. Handouts /jegyzet/
BRITISH HISTORY I / A. VELICH / 1996/ 1.
ANGLO-NORMAN ENGLAND
Dubious succession of Edward the Confessor, Harold Godwin vs. Harold Hardrada
William the Bastard
the Battle of Hastings /14 Oct,1066/, London capitulated --- William the Conqureror crowned as
William I /1066-87/
Anti-Norman rebellions --- cc. 200 Norman barons replace Anglo-Saxon nobility
--- systematic feudalisation /subinfeudation, aids & incidents,
relief, wardship, primogeniture/
--- the Domesday Book
Norman abbots appointed & introduce continental church reforms
-- elaboration of the territorial structure of the church: diocese, parish, chapter
-- bishop-nomination debated
William I dies /1087/ : his domain split: Normandy for Robert
England for William II /1087-1100/
third son, Henry played both sides in brothers' struggle, after William II' s hunting accident
crowned as Henry I /1100-35/
--- by 1106 /Tenchebrai/ reunites England and Normandy
--- compromise with Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury over conferring spiritual offices
--- ''Lion of Justice'', ie. the government's judicial & administrative
power expands, Roger of Salisbury & the Exchequer
Norman Castles for defence /motte & bailey/
Norman style churches & cathedrals, new monastic fervor /eg. Fountain Abbey/
12th century Renaissance /John of Salisbury/
Henry I' s problems with the succession, son drowned, Matilda to succeed, but
Stephen /1135-54/ seized the thrown & crowned
civil war : Stephen vs. Matilda & Geoffrey of Anjou, succession settled by 1153
Henry II /1154-89/ -- m. Eleanor of Aquitaine --- the Angevin/Plantagenet/ Empire
--- end of civil war
--- effective royal administration /Glanville/, Common Law, itinerant assizes /Grand &
Petty Assize/ and the jury
--- debate with the church, with Thomas Becket /the Constitution of Clarendon of 1164/, after
Becket's murder had to compromise
Richard I /1189-1199/ -- brave & successful crusader, '' Lion Heart'', but ransomed
-- attacked by Philip II/Augustus/
John /Sans Terre, 1199--1216/ -- swore fealty to Philip II, but alienated the Norman barons by
killing Arthur of Britanny, so lost their support & Normandy /1204/
Further Reading: M.T. Clanchy. England and its Rulers 1066-1272. /Fontana, 1983/BRITISH
HISTORY I / Velich / 2.
HIGH MEDIEVAL ENGLAND
Under John /Sans Terre, the Lackland/ the loss of Normandy & its consequences; first royal
fleet organised
Steven Langton' s efforts for reconciliation, but after the battle of Bouvines --- rebellion result
in Magna Carta, 1215 /Runnymede/
the significance of Magna Carta as the forerunner of future constitutional /though not
uninterrupted!/ progress, reissued several times
RICHARD II /1377--1399/
-- John Wycliffe & the Lollards /Statute Heretico Comburendo/
-- Chaucer, Langland & the revival of English letters
-- the Peasants' Rising of 1381, Wat Tyler
-- centralizing efforts /JPs/ vs the Lords Appellant of the Merciless Parliament
John of Gaunt's son, Henry Bolinbroke in exile, his Lancastrian lands confiscated
seized the crown, made Richard II abdicate, crowned as
HENRY IV /1399--1413/
-- used parliamentary support to keep his crown & to tax people for the war
/excluding the Clarence line/
-- lost battles in France though feud of Orleanists & Burgundians
his son to make use of the feud for an offensive, grabbed power
HENRY V /1413--1422/
-- victory at Agincourt in 1415
-- allied to Burgundy, the Treaty of Troyes, but dies before the French king
HENRY VI /1422--1461/
-- long minority & illness: weak king & anarchy
-- Burgundy changing side, losses in France, only Calais left by 1453
-- economic depression
-- Clarence & York union vs Lancaster -- the Wars of the Roses /1455--1487/
/St Albans, Mortimer Cross, Towton,Tewkesbury,Bosworth, Stroke/
EDWARD IV /1461--1483/ -- Yorkist victory
-- intends to restore law & order, no foreign wars (except for the short French campaign in 1475,
Treaty of Picquigny)
-- Parliament summoned less frequently, no need for tax (royal lands, new estate management, tradeboom)
-- land policy fails, in 1470-71 Warwick & Clarence remove Edward IV, but returns
RICHARD III /1483--85/
-- regent of Edward V but seized the crown, had Edward IV's sons murdered
this prompted resistance & rebellions, deposed & killed by Henry Tudor at Bosworth /
1485/BRITISH
HISTORY 1. /Velich / 4.
THE EARLY TUDORS
HENRY VII /1485--1509/ -- a Welshman with a Welsh army
-- the Battle of Bosworth /though not the last one in the Wars of Roses!/, Henry Tudor's
legitimacy confirmed by ''divine judgement''
-- by marrying Elizabeth of York the fusion of the Yorkist & Lancastrian heritage, Arthur born
-- centralizing efforts hampered by the Pretenders /Lincoln, Simnel, Warbeck/
by the anarchy on the Marches /the Northern & Welsh borders/,
-- threefold intention: to pacify the country -- lands redistributed, legislation against recriting &
maintenance of retinues, vagabonds & enclosures; improved jurisdiction /the Star Chamber &
Court of Requests/
to boost trading -- a series of treaties signed, mercantilism,
growing textile export
--religion: the Queen as Supreme Governor of the church; the Court of High Commission; & the
archbishops: Matthew Parker, Edmund Grindal & John Whitgift, the Pope's 1570
excommunication; the reformers' split: the independents vs the presbyterians
--the Scottish issue: the Scottish reformation by John Knox vs Mary Stuart's Catholicism; the
Edinburgh Agreement fails
--the Queen's marriage & succession: Mary Stuart's claim, captivity, intrigues &
conspiracies /e.g.the Ridolfi plot/ & execution by 1586
--aiding the Neatherlands against Spain; Leicester's campaign is a failure
--the seafarers & the pirates /Hawkins, Raleigh,Gilbert & Drake/searching for new markets;
conflict /religious & economic/ with Spain; the raids on Cadiz & the defeat of the Armada
--the Irish issue: Hugh O' Neill's rebellion by seeking Spanish help; Essex fails but Mountjoy
succeeds in the pacification
--new enterprises/the Muscovy & the East India Company/& monopolies; the Queen's conflict
with Parliament
--the Elizabethan Renaissance & new national coherence
--the Rump
--the prosecution & execution of Charles I in 1649
--the Commonwealth /1649--1660/ & the executive role of the council of state
--first Ireland defeated /the Drogheda massacre/, pacified & further colonized
--in Scotland Charles II crowned & signed the Covenant, prepared to put the king on the
English throne, but defeated at Dunbar & at Worcester; the conquest of Scotland completed by
George Monck, Scotland incorporated
--the Navigation Acts lead to the Anglo-Dutch commercial war at sea /1652--1654/; Robert Blake
vs Admiral Tromp
--the purge of Parliament & Cromwell's protectorate /1653--58/
--the first written English constitution
--the war with Spain & the Treaty of the Pyrenees
--the military government; the 11 major-generals to run large districts
--the Humble Petition & Advice wanted Cromwell to be crowned, but he refused the crown,
--the succession of Cromwell's son, Richard /1658--59/
--Richard's inefficient governance
--Richard in a year dissolved Parliament, restored the Rump & resigned;
no alternative left but Charles II