4/24/2015

NetworkingTermsandDefinitions

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Home
Independent
Networking
1. Introduction
2. NetworkModel
3. Topology
4. PhysicalMedia
5. WirelessMedia
6. NetworkCard
7. Modems
8. Outside
Connections
9. WideArea
Network
Connections
10. Repeaters,
Bridges,Routers
11. NetworkTypes
12. Ethernet
13. TokenRing
14. ARCnet
15. AppleTalk
16. FDDI
17. Architecture
Comparisons
18. Categories
19. TCP/IP
20. IPX/SPX
21. NetBEUI
22. AppleTalk
23. SNA
24. Others
25. Suitesand
NetworkLayers
26. Installing
Drivers
27. DNS
28. Network
Operating
Systems
29. Applications,
mail,groupware,
DBMS
30. Backingupthe
network

NetworkingTerms
1. ADSPAppleTalkdatastreamprotocolmanagesthe
flowofdatabetweentwoestablishedsocketconnections.
2. AEPAppleTalkechoprotocolusesechoestotellifa
computer,ornode,isavailable.
3. AFPAppleTalkFilingprotocolMakesnetworkfiles
appearlocalbymanagingfilesharingatthepresentation
layer.
4. [Link]
forfastvideocards.Itiscurrentlyupto4Xmodespeed.
5. APIApplicationProgrammingInterface.
6. APPCAdvancedPeertoPeerCommunications
providespeertopeerservicesatthetransportand
sessionlayer.
7. APPNAdvancedPeertoPeerNetworkingsupportsthe
computerconnectionsatthenetworkandtransport
layers.
8. ArchitectureThemethodthatisusedtotransmit
[Link]
[Link].
9. ARCnetAttachedResourceComputerNetworkisan
architectureusingstarandbustopology.
10. ARPAddressresolutionProtocolisusedtoresolvethe
hardwareaddressofacardtopackagetheethernetdata.
Itworksatthedatalinklayer.RFC826.
11. ARUPAppleTalkupdateroutingisanewerversionof
RTMP.
12. ASPAppleTalksessionprotocolcontrolsthestarting
andendingofsessionsbetweencomputerscallednodes.
Itworksatthesessionlevel.
13. ATMAsynchronousTransferModemaybeusedover
avarietyofmediawithbothbasebandandbroadband
systems.Itusesfixedlengthdatapacketsof53bytes
calledcellswitching.
14. ATPAppleTalkTransactionProtocolprovidesa
TransportLayerconnectionbetweencomputers.
15. attenuationsignallossduetoimpedance.
16. AUAccessUnitprovidesaccesstoresourceslikefax,
telex,andteletex.
17. AUIAttachmentuintinterfaceusedtoattachastation
toathicknetcable.
18. BackboneMaincableusedtoconnectcomputersona
network.
19. BandwidthIndicatestheamountofdatathatcanbe
[Link]
millionbitspersecond.
20. BasebandDatabitsaredefinedbydiscretesignal
changes.
21. BDCBackupDomainControllerisabackupforaPDC

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NetworkingTermsandDefinitions

31. Troubleshooting
32. Web,SNMP,
admin,firewalls
33. Networking
Termsand
Definitions
34. Credits
Networking
Independent
Home

22. BGPBorderGatewayProtocol,adynamicrouting
protocol.RFC1267.
23. BNCBritishNavalConnector.
24. BOOTPBootProtocol.RFC951,1542.
25. BridgeReadtheoutermostsectionofdataonthedata
packet,[Link]
trafficonothernetworksegments,sinceitdoesnotsend
allpacketsbutonlysendspacketsintendedforthat
segmenttheyareattachedto.
26. BroadbandUsesanalogsignalstodividethecableinto
severalchannelswitheachchannelatitsownfrequency.
Eachchannelcanonlytransmitonedirection.
27. BroadcastAtransmissiontoallinterfacecardsonthe
network.
28. BrouterWillfunctionsimilartoabridgefornetwork
transportprotocolsthatarenotroutable,andwill
functionasarouterforroutableprotocols.
29. BSCBinarySynchronousCommunicationsendsbitsin
[Link]
SNAcommunicationsarchitecture,
30. CCITTInternationalTelegraphandTelephone
ConsultativeCommittee.
31. CDDIAcopperversionofFDDIwhichusescategory
[Link]
FDDI.
32. CHAPChallengeHandshakeAuthenticationProtocol
isathreewayhandshakeprotocolwhichisconsidered
moresecurethanPAP.
33. CIDRClasslessInterDomainRouting.
34. ClientThiscomputerrequestsresourcesforitsuse
fromacomputerthatprovidestheresource(aserver).
35. CDPDCellularDigitalPacketDatawillallownetwork
connectionsformobileusersusingsatellites.
36. CSMA/CDCarriersensemultipleaccesswithcollision
detectionforcontrollingaccesstothenetworkmedia.
37. CSUChannelserviceunitusedtoconnecttodigital
leasedlinesonthelineside.
38. DASDualattachmentstationsareusedbyFDDI
networksforserversandconcentratorsareattachedto
bothrings.
39. DATDigitalAudioTape
DBMSDatabaseManagementSystemsareusedtosharedataonanetwork.
DCEDatacommunicationsequipment.
DDPDatagramDeliveryProtocolisaroutableprotocolthatprovidesfor
[Link]
theIPprotocol.
DDSDigitaldataserviceisaleaseddedicateddigitalline.
DECnetFromDigitalEquipmentCorporationisasuiteofprotocolswhich
maybeusedonlargenetworksthatintegratemainframeandminicomputer
systems
DHCPDynamicHostConfigurationProtocolisusedtoassignIPaddresses
dynamicallytonetworkcardsworksattheapplicationlayer.RFC1541.
DirectsequencemodulationThedataisbrokenintopartsandtransmitted
simultaneouslyonmultiplefrequencies.
DLCDataLinkControloperatesatthedatalinklayerandisdesignedfor
communicationsbetweenHewlettPackardnetworkprintersandIBM
mainframecomputersonaDECnetnetwork.

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DNADigitalNetworkArchitectureisatermfromDECNet
DNSDomainNameSystemisusedontheinternettocorrelatebetweenIP
addressandreadablenames.RFC1034,1035,15351537,1591.
DRDADistributedRelationalDatabaseArchitectureisfromIBM.
DSUDigitalserviceunitusedtoconnecttodigitalleasedlinesontheLAN
side.
DTDDocumentTypeDefinition.
DTEDataterminalequipment.
DUNDialupnetworking.
DVMDigitalvoltmeter.
[Link].
EIAElectronicIndustriesAssociation.
EISAExtendedISAusedwhenthe80286through80486series
[Link].
EMIElectromagneticInterference.
EthernetAnetworkarchitecturethatusescarriersensemultipleaccesswith
collisiondetection(CSMA/CD)forcontrollingaccesstothenetworkmedia
[Link].
FDDIFiberDistributedDataInterfaceisanetworkarchitecturenormally
[Link]
[Link].
FrameRelayErrorcheckingishandledbydevicesatbothsidesofthe
[Link]
[Link](PVC)is
[Link]
56Kbpsand1.544Mbps.
FrequencyhoppingThetransmitterandreceiverchangepredetermined
frequenciesatthesametime(inasynchronizedmanner).
FTPFileTransportProtocolisaTCP/IPprotocolrunningattheapplication
layer.
GatewayAgatewaycantranslateinformationbetweendifferentnetwork
[Link]/IPtoAppleTalkso
computerssupportingTCP/IPcancommunicatewithApplebrandcomputers.
Notthesameasadefaultgatewayusedbyaclienttosendpacketsto.
HTMLHypertextMarkupLanguageistheformatmanyfilesforweb
[Link]"markup"textincludedforformatting.
HTTPHypertextTransferProtocolistheprotocolusedtocommunicate
betweenwebserversandwebbrowsersoftwareclients.
HubAtypeofrepeaterusedonseveralnetworkarchitectureswhichusually
connectsseveralstations.
IABInternetArchitectureBoard
IANAInternetAssignedNumbersAuthority.
ICMPInternetControlMessageProtocolisusedtoperformnetworkerror
[Link].RFC792.
[Link].
IGMPInternetGroupManagementProtocol,usedformanagingmulticast
groups.RFC1112.
IMAP4InternetMailAccessProtocolversion4isthereplacementforPOP3
ImpedanceTheamountofresistancetothetransmissiondevice.
InfaredInfaredisjustbelowthevisiblerangeoflightbetween100Ghzand
1000Thz.
InterferenceElectromagneticInterference(EMI).CrosstalkWhenwires
pickupelectromagneticsignalsfromnearbywiresalsocarryingsignals.
InterNICInternetNetworkInformationCenter,theauthorityforallocating
internetaddresses.
IntranetReferstousinginternettechnologiessuchasawebserveronan
internalnetwork.
IPInternetProtocolosusedforsoftwareaddressingofcomputersandworks
atthedatalinklayer.RFC791.
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[Link].
IPSecInternetprotocolsecurity,developedbyIETF,implementedatlayer
[Link],integrity,
authentication,andkeymanagement,[Link].
IPXInternetworkPacketExchangesupportsthetransportandnetwork
[Link]
[Link],unreliable,communicationwithnetworknodesusing
aconnectionlessdatagramservice.
IRQInterruptRequest
IRTFInternetResearchTaskforce.
[Link]
original80888bitmicroprocessorbasedpersonalcomputerswereproduced.
(16bit).
ISAKMP/OakleyInternetSecurityAssociationandKeyManagement
ProtocolAuthentication.
ISDNIntegratedServicesDigitalNetworkisamethodofsendingvoiceand
datainformationonadigitalphoneline.Two64KbpsBchannelswithone
16KbpsDchannelisprovidedwithbasicISDNservice
ISPInternetServiceProvider
ISOCInternetSociety,promotesinternetpolicies.
ITUInternationalTelecommunicationUnion.
FTPFileTransferProtocol.
L2FLayer2Forwarding,[Link]
[Link].
L2TPLayer2tunnelingprotocol(RFC2661).UsedforVPNtunneling.
LANLocalAreaNetwork
LDALocaldeliveryagentonthereceivingmachinereceivesthemailfrom
[Link].
LULogicalUnitsareportsthatusersusetoaccessnetworkresourcesisan
SNAterm.
[Link]
hardwareaddress.
MailnotifierThisprogramnotifiestherecipientthattheyhavemail.
Normallythisrequirestwoprograms,[Link]
administratororusertoturnoncomsatservice.
MANMetropolitanareanetworkreferstoanetworkwhichconnectsseveral
LANSovervariousmediathatislargeenoughtocoveranareathesizeofa
city.
MAPIMicrosoft'sMessagingAPIwhichisincorporatedthroughout
Microsoft'sofficeproductssupportsmailattheapplicationlevel.
MAUMultistationaccessunitusedbyTokenRingNetworks.
MBONEBeingontheMBONEmeansyouareonanetworkthatsupports
multicasting.
MCIMicrochannelarchitecturebyIBMandusedmainlyonIBMbrand
computersfortheinternalbus.Establishedin1988.(16or32bits).
MediaThehardwaremethodusedtoconnectcomputersoveranetwork.
Thethreemaintypesarecoppercable,fiberopticcable,andwireless.
MediaconverterUsedtoadaptfromonecabletypetoanother.
MHSMessageHandlingServicebyNovellisusedformailonNetware
networks.
MIBManagementInformationBASEspecifiesvariablesthenetwork
[Link]/IPprotocolSNMP.
MIMEMultipurposeInternetMailExtensionistheprotocolthatdefinesthe
wayfilesareattachedtoSMTPmessages.
MOTISMessageorientedtextinterchangesystem.
MSMessageStoreisastorageareaformessagesthatcan'tbedelivered
immediatelywhentherecipientisoffline.
MTAMessagetransferagentisusedtopassmailfromthesendingmachine
[Link]
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NetworkingTermsandDefinitions

[Link].
MTUMaximumTransmissionUnitisthemaximumsizeofeachdata
packetfortheethernetprotocol.
[Link]
[Link]
[Link](UA).
MulticastingTransmittingtoagroupofinterfacecardsonthenetwork.
NADNNearestActiveDownstreamNeighborisaTokenringArchitecture
term.
NAUNetworkAddressableUnitsisanSNAterm.
NAUNNearestActiveUpstreamNeighborisaTokenringArchitecture
term.
NATNetworkAddressTranslation.
NBFNetBIOSFrameProtocol.
[Link]
[Link].
NBPNamebindingprotocoloftheAppleTalksuiteofprotocolstranslates
addressesintonames.
NBTNetBIOSoverTCP/IPdefinedbyRFC1002.
NCPNetWareCoreProtocolprovidesforclient/serverinteractionssuchas
[Link],presentation,andsession
levels.
NCPNetworkControlProgramperformsrouting,sessionmanagement
[Link].
NDISNetworkDriverInterfaceSpecificationfromMicrosoft,isusedon
[Link]
andsupportsthedatalinklayerofthenetworkmodel.
NetBEUINetBIOSExtendedUserInterfaceworksatthetransportlayerand
[Link]
whyNBTexistsonlargenetworkstouseroutableTCPprotocolonlarge
networks.
NetBIOSNetworkBasicInputOutputSystembyMicrosoft.
NetworkOperatingSystemTypicallyusedtoruncomputersthatactas
servers,butmaybeusedonvarioustypesofcomputerstoday.
[Link]
remotelymounteachother'sfilesystems.RFC1094
[Link].
NNTPNetworkNewsTransportProtocolisusedtolinknewsgroupsfor
discussionsontheweb
OCOpticalCarrierlevel,seeSONET.
ODBCOpenDatabaseConnectivity(ODBC)fromMicrosoftlets
[Link]
applicationprogramminginterface(API).ODBCdriversconvertan
application'squeryintSQLandsendittothedatabaseengineprogram.
ODIOpenDatalinkInterfaceoperatesatthedatalinklayerallowingIPXto
workwithanynetworkinterfacecard.
OSIOpenSystemsInterconnectisasuiteofprotocolsdevelopedbythe
InternationalStandardsOrganization(ISO)whichcorrespondswiththelayers
oftheOSImodel.
OSPFOpenShortestPathFirst,adynamicroutingprotocol.RFC1247.
PAPPasswordAuthentificationProtocolisatwowayhandshakeprotocol
designedforusewithPPP.
PAPPrinteraccessprotocoloftheAppleTalksuiteofprotocolsmanages
informationbetweenworkstationsandprinters.
[Link]
[Link].Thisisa32bit
buswithplugandplaycapabilityfromIntel.
PDCPrimaryDomainControllerisanNTserverprovidingcentralcontrol
ofuseraccesspermissionsandaccountsonanetwork.
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PDLPagedescriptionlanguageisaprintinglanguage.
PDNPublicdatanetwork.
PeerAcomputerthatcanactasbothaclientandaserver.
PlenumSpaceaboveafalseceilinginanofficeareawhereheatductsand
[Link]
foruseintheseareasduetofirehazards.
POPPointofpresenceiseachpointattheendofthetransportmedia
(internet)whentalkingaboutVPN.
POP3PostOfficeProtocolversion3isusedbyclientstoaccessaninternet
[Link].
ProtocolAsetofstandardssetsofstandardsthatdefinealloperationswithin
[Link]
OSInetworkmodelsuchastransportprotocolsincludeTCP,SPX.
PPPPointtoPointProtocol,usedforserialconnectionstoanetworkotthe
internet.(RFC1332,1548)
PPTPPointtopointtunnelingprotocol(RFC2637)UsedforVPN
tunneling.
[Link]
isanSNAterm.
PVCPermanentvirtualcircuitissetuponceincommunicationswitchesto
establishapermanentcircuit.
RADIUSRemoteAuthenticationDialInUserServiceisusedfordialin
[Link]
andaccountingwhenusingPPTPorL2TPtunneling.
RAIDRedundantArrayofInexpensivedisksisafaulttolerantmethodof
storingdata,meaningthatafailurecanoccurandthesystemwillstill
function.
RARPReverseAddressResolutionProtocolusedfordisklesscomputersto
[Link].
RFC903.
RASRemoteAccessService(RAS)withWindowsNTallowsusers
[Link]
RASservercanhandle256connections.
Redirectoritrunsonawindowsoperatingsystemanddirectsrequestsfor
networkresourcestotheappropriateserverandmakesnetworkresources
seemtobelocalresources.
RepeaterUsedonanetworktoregeneratesignalstobesentoverlong
distancesortiecomputerstogetheronanetwork.
ResolverUsedaspartofDNS,itistheclientsideaskingforDNS
information.
RIPRoutingInformationProtocol,[Link]
vectoralgorithmisusedtocalculatethebestrouteforapacket.RFC1058,
1388(RIP2).
[Link]
byTelnet.
[Link]
ineachpackettotellwhereitisgoing.
[Link]
allowremotecomputerstoinvokefunctionsonotherhosts.RFC1057.
RRResourceRecordsareapartoftheDNSdatabase.
RTMPRoutingtablemaintenanceprotocolisusedtoupdaterouterswith
[Link]
issentacrossthenetwork.
S/KeyAonetimepasswordsystem,secureagainstreplays.RFC2289.
SAPServiceAdvertisingProtocolpacketsareusedbyfileandprintservers
[Link]
worksattheapplication,presentation,andsessionlevels.
SASSingleAttachmentstationsattachedtooneringandusedbyFDDI
networkstoattachworkstationstoconcentrators.
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SDHSynchronousDigitalHierarchy
SDLSSynchronousDataLinkControlisapossibleSNAcommunications
architecture.
SectorSparingAmethodoffaulttolerancethatautomaticallyidentifiesand
[Link].
ServerForthemostpartitprovidesresourcesonthenetworkforother
computerstouse.
SGMLStandardizedGeneralMarkupLanguageisthebaselanguagefor
documentpublishingandisusedtodefineXML,HTMLandmore.
ShieldingUsedtominimizeinterference.
SLEDSingleLargeInexpensivediskTheconceptthatalargediskcosts
[Link]
usedasameansoffaulttolerance.
SLIPSerialLineinterfaceProtocolusedtoconnectseriallytoanetworkor
internet.RFC1055,1144(Compressed).ReplacedbyPPP.
SMAUSmartMultistationAccessUnit.
SMBServerMessageBlockprotocolworksatthepresentationlevelto
providepeertopeercommunication.
SMDSSwitchedMultimegabitDataServiceusesfixedlengthcell
switchingandrunsatspeedsof1.533to45Mbps.
SMSSMSSystemsManagementServerfromMicrosoftcancollect
informationofsoftwareoneachcomputerandcaninstallandconfigurenew
[Link].
SMTPSimpleMailTransferProtocolisaTCPprotocolformailtransport
runningattheapplicationlayer.RFC821,822.
SNASystemNetworkArchitecturebyIBMisasuiteofprotocolsmainly
usedwithIBMmainframeandAS/400computers.
SNMPSimpleNetworkManagementProtocol.RFC1155,1157,1213,
1441.
SONETSynchronousOpticalNetworkisaphysicallayerstandardthat
definesvoice,data,[Link]
definesdataratesintermsofopticalcarrier(OC)levels.
SpreadspectrumItusesseveralfrequenciesatthesametime.
SPXSequencedPacketExchangeoperatesatthetransportlayerproviding
connectionorientedcommunicationontopofIPX.
[Link]
mostclient/serverdatabaseapplications.
SSCPSystemsServicesControlPointmanagesallresourcesinthehost's
[Link].
STPShieldedTwistedPaircable.100metermaximumlength.16155Mbps
[Link]
STS
SVCSwitchedvirtualcircuitistemporarilysetupbyswitching
mechanisimstoestablishaconnectionbetweendevicesforasession.
TACACSOffersauthentication,accounting,andauthorization.
[Link]
T1lineisbasicTCarrierservice.
TCPTransportControlprotocolisaconnectionorientedreliableprotocol
workingatthetransportlayer.RFC793.
TDITransportDriverInterfaceisastandardforpassingmessagesbetween
thedriversatthedatalinklayerandtheprotocolsworkingatthenetwork
[Link].
TDRTimedomainreflectometersendsasonarlikeelectricalpulsedowna
cableandcandeterminethelocationofabreakinthecable.
TFTPTrivialFileTransferProtocol.RFC1350.
TelnetRemotesessionattheapplicationlayer.RFC854.
ThicknetHalfinchrigidcable.Maximumcablelengthis500meters.
[Link].(RG
11orRG8).
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ThinnetThinnetusesaBritishNavalConnector(BNC)oneachend.
ThinnetispartoftheRG58familyofcable*.Maximumcablelengthis185
meters.Transmissionspeedis10Mbps.
TIATelecommunicationsIndustriesAssociation.
TLDTopLeveldomain
TokenRingAnetworkarchitecturedevelopedbyIBMwhichsendstokens
[Link]
802.5
TopologyTheshapeofthephysicalconnectionofanetworkwithregardto
[Link],bus,and
star.
[Link]
[Link]
[Link]
(MUA).
UDPUserDatagramProtocolisaconnectionlessunreliableprotocol
workingatthetransportlayer.RFC768.
UNCUniversalNamingConventionisusedtoallowtheuseofshared
resourceswithoutmappingadrivetothem.
UnicastAtransmissiontoasingleinterfacecard.
URLUniversalResourceLocationisatermusedtodescribethenameofa
webbasedresourcesuchasawebpageorlocationofafilefordownloading.
UTPUnshieldedTwistedPaircable.NormallyUTPcontains8wiresor4
pair.100metermaximumlength.4100Mbpsspeed.
VIMVendorIndependentMessagingprotocolfromLotussupportsmailat
theapplicationlevelandissupportedbymanyvendorsexclusiveof
Microsoft.
[Link]
computersornetworkstotalktoeachotheroveratransportmediathatisnot
secure,butthenetworkismadesecurebyVPNsecurityprotocols.
W3CWorldWideWebConsortium,setsstandardsforthewebworking
withtheIETF.
WANWideAreaNetworkislargerthanaMANandmaybeanenterprise
networkoraglobalnetwork.
WINSWindowsInternetNameServiceistheMicrosoftimplementationof
NetBIOSnameservice.
wirelessbridgeMicrowaveorInfaredisusedbetweentwolineofsitepoints
whereitisdifficulttorunwire.
X.25ThisisasetofprotocolsdevelopedbytheCCITT/ITUwhichspecifies
howtoconnectcomputerdevicesoverainternetwork.
X.400InternationalTelecommunicationUnionstandarddefinestransfer
protocolsforsendingmailbetweenmailservers.
X.500Thisisarecommendationoutlininghowanorganizationcanshare
[Link],
definingdomainsconsistingoforganizations,divisions,departments,and
workgroups.
XMLExtensibleMarkupLanguageisasubsetofSGMLandisusedwidely
ontheweb.
[Link]
zoneinformationtables(ZITs)todefinenetworkaddressesandzonenames.

[Link]

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