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for the ZETA converter working in DCM mode and then the
CCM mode. This paper also cites which one is suitable and
shows better dynamic response by simulation results done in a
user friendly MATLAB/Simulink environment. This paper is
organized with the operation of the ZETA converter working
in DCM in Section 2 where the technique employed to obtain
the computational model is also discussed, Section 3 follows
with the analysis of the model in CCM mode, Section 4 then
summarises the circuit specification to be used and also
compares both the dynamic response for the two modes, and
section 5 ends up with a general conclusion.
2. ZETA Converter in DCM
The ZETA converter is a fourth-order structure, similar to
the SEPIC converter. The converter topology is shown in
Figure 1.
iLm
1. Introduction
K Mahesh Dash, Samresh Satapathy and B Chitti Babu are with the
Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela-769008,ODISHA.e-mail:-mahesh.nitr@gmail.com,
mail2samresh@gmail.com, bcbabu@nitrkl.ac.in).
Vc
+ +
ic
Lm
Vg
iD
VLo
Lo
Lo
+
Co R Vo
Lo
iLm
iE
ic
Lm
Vg
iLo
+
Co
(a)
Lo
iLm
ic
Lm
Vg
iLo
Co
iD
(b)
Lo
iLm
+
Vo
u(t )
+
Co
u2 (t)
2Leq f
R
y(t )
Vo
(c)
Fig. 2. (a) stage 1 (b) stage 2 (c) stage 3 operation of a ZETA converter in
DCM
Where D1 =
y2 (t)
u1(t)
iLo
ic
Lm
Vg
Vo
(2)
x ( t ) = Aa x ( t ) + B a ( t )
y ( t ) = C a x ( t ) + E a ( t )
where
Aa = A1 (t ) + A2 (1 (t ))
Ba = B1 (t ) + B2 (1 (t ))
Ca = C1 (t ) + C2 (1 (t ))
Ea = E1 (t ) + E2 (1 (t ))
(3)
(4)
x (t ) = X + x (t )
(t ) = 0 + (t )
u (t ) = U + u (t )
(5a)
y (t ) = Y + y (t )
(5b)
u 2 (t ) = U 2 + u 2 (t )
u1 ( t ) = U 1 + u 1 ( t )
Thus the steady state solution of the system is given by (6)
and (7) is the small signal AC model that contains the
dynamic behavior.
X = AB 1U
Y = ( CA 1 B + E )U
(6)
dvC 1
= (iLo)
dt C
dvCo 1
1
= (iLo vCo)
dt CO
R
(10)
(7)
1
di Lm
( ( rc + rLm )iLm + vC )
=
dt
Lm
A = A1 0 + A2 (1 0 )
1
di Lo
( rLo iLo vCo )
=
dt
Lo
B = B1 0 + B2 (1 0 )
C = C1 0 + C 2 (1 0 )
1
dv C
= ( iLm )
dt
C
1
1
dv Co
(iLo vCo )
=
dt
CO
R
E = E1 0 + E 2 (1 0 )
BD = ( A1 A2 ) X + ( B1 B2 )U
E D = (C1 C 2 ) X + ( D1 D2 )U
(8)
(11)
y = vCo
k1 =
diLo 1
= ((rC + rLo)iLo vC vCo vg
dt Lo
y = vCo
where
diLm 1
= (rLmiLm + vg )
dt Lm
2D1
(D + D1)2
rLm
0
0
0
L
m
0 rLo + rc 1 1
Lo
Lo
Lo
A1 =
1
0
0
0
C
1
1
0
C0
RC0
rLm +r c
0
0
L
L
o
m
r
1
0
Lo 0
Lo
Lo
A2 =
1
0
0
0
C
1
1
0
0
C0
RC0
1
D
LD
CD
D
k2 =
2
2
2
Vg D(D+ D1) (D+ D1) D(D+ D1) (D+ D1)2
3
1
2
o 1
2
1
2
1
(9)
1
1
B1 =
0 0
L
L
o
m
C1 = C 2 = [0 0 0 1]
B2 = [0
(12)
0]
.T
E 1 = E 2 = [0 ]
L eq <
Lo
iLm
iE
ic
Lm
Vg
iLo
+
Co
(a)
Lo
iLm
iLo
ic
Lm
Vg
iD
(b)
Fig. 4. (a) Stage 1 (b) Stage 2 operation modes in CCM
Co
Vo
+
Vo
(14)
R L (1 D ) 2
2f
(15)
LO =
Lm =
V IN D
f I L ( PP )
(16)
Leq LO
(17)
LO Leq
To analyse the relative pros and cons of the two models the
dynamic response of the two models were compared since it
indicates which strategy is better for load fluctuations. Step
input was given to both the models where the voltage was 0V
till 0.3ms and then the input voltage of 34V was applied. The
graphs of load voltage obtained are shown below.
The circuit parameters taken are tabulated in figure 7.
160
140
120
100
V o lta g e (V )
80
60
40
20
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
Time(s)
3.5
4.5
5
x 10
-3
150
X: 0.004291
Y: 144.1
135
120
V o lta g e (V )
105
90
75
60
45
Component
30
Definition
15
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3
Time(sec)
3.5
4.5
5
x 10
-3
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
Vg
VOUT
f
R
rlm
rC
Lm
Lo
C
Co
Input Voltage
Output Voltage
Switching
Frequency
Load Resistance
ESR of Magnetizing
Inductance
ESR of Output
Inductance
Magnetizing
Inductance
Output Inductance
Coupling
Capacitance
Output Capacitance
Value
in CCM
34 V
145 V
20 kHz
125
ohm
0.0 ohm
Value
in
DCM
34 V
145 V
20 kHz
229H
125
ohm
0.0
ohm
0.0
ohm
85 H
69mH
680nF
22 mH
680 nF
462 nF
820 nF
0.0 ohm