Twin International Conferences

2nd Civil Engineering & 5th Concrete Future

26-28 May 2013, Covilha, Portugal

Luiz A Pereira de Oliveira, Miguel C. S. Nepomuceno and

Jos C. M. Carvalho
C_MADE Centre of Materials and Building Technologies
University of Beira Interior, Covilh, Portugal
webpage: http://www.c-made.ubi.pt/

5th International Conference on

Concrete Future
26-28 May 2013, Covilh, Portugal

1- Introduction
SCC fresh properties required
Filling capacity
Segregation resistance
Passing ability
SCC = mortar + coarse aggregates
(60%-70%)

(30%-40%)

Mortar
phase

Modelling the
rheological
behaviour of SCC

V-funnel test
(Viscosity)

L box test
Slump-flow test
(Yield stress)

2/16

5th International Conference on

Concrete Future
26-28 May 2013, Covilh, Portugal

2- Experimental Program
Materials
portland cement (CEM I 42.5R) specific gravity of 3.14
mineral additions: limestone powder specific gravity of 2.72,
biomass ash specific gravity of 2.85,
glass powder specific gravity of 2.53.
modified polycarboxylic based superplasticizer density of 1.05
fine aggregate crushed granite specific gravity of 2.71
fineness modulus of 2.52.

Mix proportions and powder materials

I 42,5R
Ref. Mixtures CEM(C)

3/16

Biomass
ash
(BI)

Limestone
powder
(FC)

Glass
powder
(GL)

100C

1.00

---

---

---

80C+20BI

0.80

0.20

---

---

80C+20FC

0.80

---

0.20

---

60C+40FC

0.60

---

0.40

---

80C+20GL

0.80

---

---

0.20

60C+40GL

0.60

---

---

0.40

5th International Conference on

Concrete Future
26-28 May 2013, Covilh, Portugal

2- Experimental Program
Methods /Studies in concrete mortar
Dimensions of spread and v-funnel tests
270 mm
70 mm

29
240
mm

59
mm

60
100 mm
30

Spread test

Dm
1
Gm
D0

V-funnel test

Rm

10
t

Mortars were produced combining each mixture of powder materials with a

constant Vp/Vs =0.70

4/16

On average, for each combination of powder materials, three mortars were

produced, varying the Vw/Vp and Sp/p% until required fresh properties were
obtained.

5th International Conference on

Concrete Future
26-28 May 2013, Covilh, Portugal

2- Experimental Program
Methods /Studies in concrete mortar
The experimental procedure is shown schematically
Mortar fresh properties

Mortar fresh properties

2,00

2,00

Increase of Sp/p%

Increase of Sp/p%

1,80

1,80

1,60

1,60

1,40

1,40
1,20
Increase of Vw/Vp

Rm

Rm

1,20
1,00

Increase of Vw/Vp

1,00
0,80

0,80

Increase of Sp/p% with constant value of Vw/Vp

Increase of Vw/Vp with constant value of Sp/p%

0,60

0,60
Sp/p% = constant
Vw/Vp = constant
Target assumed in this
research work

0,40
0,20
0,00
0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

5,00

6,00

7,00

8,00

9,00

Sp/p% = constant
Vw/Vp = constant
Target assumed in this
research work

0,40
0,20

10,00

0,00
0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

Rm and Gm when Vw/Vp increases with Sp/p% constant

5/16

4,00

5,00

6,00

7,00

8,00

9,00

10,00

Gm

Gm

Rm and Gm when Sp/p% increases with Vw/Vp constant

Gm between 5.4 and 6.2

(Dm between 253 and 268 mm)
Rm between 1.14 and 1.32 s-1
(t between 7.58 e 8.77 s)

5th International Conference on

Concrete Future
26-28 May 2013, Covilh, Portugal

2- Experimental Program
Methods /Studies in concrete mortar

6/16

5th International Conference on

Concrete Future
26-28 May 2013, Covilh, Portugal

3- Experimental Results and Discussion

Results of fresh properties of mortars inside the admissible range for Gm and Rm

Vp/Vs = 0.70

7/16

Mixtures

Mortar proportions
(in weight)

W/B ratio

Vw/Vp

Sp/P%

100C

1.00:1.23

0.278

0.90

1.70

80C+20BI

1.00:0.23:1.54

0.292

0.90

1.80

80C+20FC

1.00:0.22:1.54

0.262

0.80

1.45

60C+40FC

1.00:0.58:2.05

0.269

0.85

1.55

80C+20GL

1.00:0.24:1.54

0.305

0.92

1.60

60C+40GL

1.00:0.54:2.05

0.311

0.90

1.45

5th International Conference on

Concrete Future
26-28 May 2013, Covilh, Portugal

3- Experimental Results and Discussion

Concrete mortar rheological behaviour

8/16
Torque versus velocity

5th International Conference on

Concrete Future
26-28 May 2013, Covilh, Portugal

3- Experimental Results and Discussion

Concrete mortar rheological behaviour

9/16

Breakdown detail of different mortars

5th International Conference on

Concrete Future
26-28 May 2013, Covilh, Portugal

3- Experimental Results and Discussion

Modelling the concrete mortar rheological behaviour
Bingham model

Yield stress Plastic viscosity

Shear rate

Herschel-Bulkley model
b model parameter indicating the
degree of non Newtonian behaviour
b > 1 shear-thickening behaviour
b < 1 shear-thinning behaviour

10/16

5th International Conference on

Concrete Future
26-28 May 2013, Covilh, Portugal

3- Experimental Results and Discussion

Modelling the concrete mortar rheological behaviour

Models equations and correlations values R2

Bingham Model

R2

HerschelBulkley Model

R2

100C

T=-7.372 + 0.994 N

0,979

T=14.83 + 0.045N1.60

0,995

80C+20BI

T=15.646+ 1,313N

0,929

80C+20FC

T=-0.645 + 0.544N

0,910

T=3.42 + 0.273N1.13

0,994

60C+40FC

T=-1.121 + 0.386N

0,993

T=0.80 + 0.205N1.12

0,995

80C+20GL

T=-4.142 + 0.779N

0,986

T=6.72 + 0.140N1.33

0,994

60C+40GL

T=0.310 + 0.061N

0,978

T=2.54 + 0.001N1.76

0,989

Mixtures

11/16

5th International Conference on

Concrete Future
26-28 May 2013, Covilh, Portugal

3- Experimental Results and Discussion

Relative flow area as function of powder addition percentage

12/16

Relative flow velocity as function of powder addition percentage

5th International Conference on

Concrete Future
26-28 May 2013, Covilh, Portugal

3- Experimental Results and Discussion

Relative yield stress as function of powder addition percentage

13/16

Relative plastic viscosity as function of powder addition percentage

5th International Conference on

Concrete Future
26-28 May 2013, Covilh, Portugal

3- Experimental Results and Discussion

Relative flow area versus relative yield stress

14/16

Relative flow velocity versus relative plastic viscosity

5th International Conference on

Concrete Future
26-28 May 2013, Covilh, Portugal

Conclusions
The influence of waste glass powder on rheological behaviour of selfcompacting mortar phase was studied comparatively with the most common
powder addition employed in SCC, the limestone powder.

The increase of glass powder reduces the hysteresis area denoting a reducing
in the thixotropy of mixtures.
Indifferently of the powder type the relative flow area was affected by the
percentage of powder addition in the mixtures.
The increase of powder addition was also responsible by the relative yield
stress decreasing.
The relative flow velocity was reduced at high percentage of glass powder
addition and this powder type was also responsible by the lowers relatives
plastic viscosity.

15/16

5th International Conference on

Concrete Future
26-28 May 2013, Covilh, Portugal

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