COFF

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Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the
seeds of "berries" from the Coffea plant. Coffee plants are cultivated in over 70
countries, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, India
and Africa. The two most commonly grown are the highly regarded arabica, and the
less sophisticated but stronger and more hardy robusta. The latter is resistant to the
coffee leaf rust, Hemileia vastatrix, but has a more bitter taste. Once ripe, coffee
beans are picked, processed, and dried. Green (unroasted) coffee beans are one of
the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. Once traded, the beans are
roasted to varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor, before being ground
and brewed to create coffee.
Coffee is slightly acidic (pH 5.05.1) and can have a stimulating effect on
humans because of its caffeine content. Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in
the world. It can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways. The effect of
coffee on human health has been a subject of many studies; however, results have
varied in terms of coffee's relative benefit. The majority of recent research suggests
that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly beneficial in healthy adults.
However, the diterpenes in coffee may increase the risk of heart disease.

Coffee cultivation first took place in Southern Arabia. The earliest credible evidence
of coffee-drinking appears in the middle of the 15th century in the Sufi shrines of
Yemen. In the Horn of Africa and Yemen, coffee was used in local religious
ceremonies. As these ceremonies conflicted with the beliefs of the Christian church,
the Ethiopian Church banned the secular consumption of coffee until the reign of
Emperor Menelik II. The beverage was also banned in Ottoman Turkey during the
17th century for political reasons,and was associated with rebellious political
activities in Europe.
Coffee is a major export commodity: it was the top agricultural export for
twelve countries in 2004,[8] the world's seventh-largest legal agricultural export by
value in 2005, and "the second most valuable commodity exported by developing
countries," from 1970 to circa 2000. This last fact is frequently misstated; see
commodity market, below. Further, green (unroasted) coffee is one of the most
traded agricultural commodities in the world. Some controversy is associated with
coffee cultivation and its impact on the environment. Consequently, organic coffee
is an expanding market.

POSITIVE EFFECTS OF COFFEE

1. Caffeine prevents the enzymatic degradation of adenosine located in
postsynaptic cells
2. increases the resting energy expenditure
3. increase in the firing of skeletal muscle motor units, which means better
energy utilization and lower levels of exertion
4. leads to mood elevation and a decrease in anxiety
5. increase in efficiency with neurotransmissions involved in the cerebral cortex

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF COFFEE

1. caffeine produces due to the reversal of withdrawal effects include
headaches, difficulty to concentrate and sleep, and pain in the stomach and
joints.
2. Caffeine can cross the human placenta, and the caffeine concentration in the
fetus can reach as high as the mothers.
3. Studies have shown that the caffeine in energy drinks may be a gateway
into other substances, notably nicotine and alcohol
4. people who metabolize caffeine slowly, drinking coffee can increase the risk
of nonfatal heart attacks.
5. 4-12mg caffeine per kg of body mass is associated with anxiety, jitteriness,
headaches, and fatigue

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ISI KANDUNGAN
PENGHARGAAN
PENGENALAN
SESI TEMUBUAL
KELAYAKAN MENGENAI KERJAYA
HURAIAN MENGENAI PANGKAT KENAIKAN KERJAYA
BIDANG KERJAYA
NILAI ETIKA KERJAYA
SKIM GAJI KERJAYA
INSTITUSI YANG MENAWARKAN KHUSUS KERJAYA
CIRI PERIBADI YANG DIPERLUKAN
KEMUDAHAN YANG DISEDIAKAN
BIDANG LAIN YANG BERKAITAN DENGAN KERJAYA
CABARAN PENDIDIKAN KE ARAH BERTARAF DUNIA
GAMBAR PERSEKITARAN KERJA

CONTENTS

MUKA SURAT

MAKTAB RENDAH SAINS MARA KEPALA BATAS

JALAN TUN HAMDAN SHEIKH TAHIR
13200 KEPALA BATAS, PULAU PINANG

PROJECT ADDITIONAL
MATHEMATICS 2015

NAME: SITI SARAH BINTI ABDUL HAMID

CLASS: 503
TEACHERS NAME: PUAN SHAHRINA