VCE Physics Unit 4 AOS 2 - Light

Table of Values

Mass of One Electron:

Charge on the electron:
Plancks Constant:
Electronvolt

Path Difference:
(bright) PD = 0, , 2, . . .
(dark)PD = 2 , 32 , 52 , . . .

9.1 1031
q = 1.6 1019
h = 6.63 1034 Js
h = 4.14 1015 eV s
1 eV = 1.6 1019 J

3.2

Youngs Double Slit Experiment

W =

L
d

Formulae

Photoelectric Effect:
Photon Energy
de Broglie Wavelength:
v, f and : v = f
Bohr Hydrogen E-Levels

Ek(max) = hf W = qV0
= hf hf0
E = hf
h
h
= =
p
mv
v = f
13.6
En =
n2

W - Work Function

W - fringe spacing

V0 - Stopping Potential (V)

- Wavelength

f0 - Threshold Frequency

L - slit to screen distance

Property
Wave:
Particle:
Property
Wave:
Particle:
3.1

Reflection Refraction Diffraction

3
3
3
3
7
7
Interference Photoelectric Effect
3
7
7
3

De Broglies Wavelength

4.1

Question 1

Cesium metal is illuminated by green light with a wavelength

of 550mm.
1. Calculate the energy of a photon green light
h = 4.14 1015 eV , c = 3.00 108 ms1 )

E = hf
hc
E=
f
4.14 1015 3.0 108
E=
550 109
Ek = 2.26 eV

VC

Single Slits

Examples

Properties

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d - distance between slits

The work function of cesium is 2.10 eV.

2. Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of the electrons
ejected from the metal surface when green light illuminates cesium metals.
Ek(max) = hf W
Ek(max) = Eph W
Ek(max) = 2.26 2.10
Ek(max) = 0.16 eV

Red has a higher then blue

Double Slits

1
Copyright (C) 2015

by Eric JIANG

VCE Physics Unit 4 AOS 2 - Light

W = 1.6 1019 2
W = 3.2 1019 J
Magnitude: 3.2 Unit: J
-orMagnitude: -2 Unit: eV

Violet light now illuminates cesium metal and the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons is 2.80 eV.
3. Show that the maximum speed of the electrons ejected
from the metal surface is 9.9 105 ms1 .
Ek(max) = 2.8 eV = 2.8 1.6 1019
Ek(max) = 4.48 1019 J
1
2
19
2 mv = 4.48 10
2 4.48 1019
v2 =
31
r 9.1 10
2 4.48 1019
v=
9.1 1031
v = 9.9 105 ms1
4.2

2. What is the maximum kinetic energy (in eV) of the photoelectrons produced when ultraviolet light of frequency
1.93 1016 Hz is incident on the metal surface?
Ek(max) = hf W
Ek(max) = 4.14 1015 1.93 1016 2
Ek(max) = 79.902 2
Ek(max) = 77.902
Ek(max) = 77.9 eV

Question 2

An electron gun accelerates electrons across a potential difference of 2500 V. The initial speed of the electrons can be
considered to be almost zero.
Show that the final speed of the electrons is approximately
10% of the speed of light.

4.3

A radiolarian is taken with a electron microscope and a optical

microscope. The electron microscope gives a clearer image
than the optical microscope.
1. Explain why the electron microscope gives a clearer image than the optical microscope.

1
2
2 mv =

eV
1.6 10 19 2500 2
v=
9.1 1031
= 2.96 107 ms1
c = 3.0 108
c 10% = 3.0 108 0.1
c 10% = 3.0 107
2.96 107 ms1 3.0 107
v 10% c

Visble light has a longer wavelength than the electrons

and will exhibit more diffraction, giving a more fuzzier
image compared to the electron microscope

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Question 3

VC

In an experiment to demonstrate the photoelectric effect,

physics students allow lights of various frequencies to fall
on a metal surface in a photocell. The photoelectrons are
decelerated across a retarding voltage, and the stopping
potential, Vs , is measured for each frequency. The data they
obtained is graphed in Figure 1.

Figure 1

The students use the data points on the graph to determine

the value for the work function of the metal.
1. Determine the magnitude and the unit of the work
function for this metal surface.
W = qV
2
Copyright (C) 2015

by Eric JIANG