COMPUTER NETWORKS AND

COMMUNICATIONS

NAME :

FORM :

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TEACHER :

1.0 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of a computer communications network is to allow moving
information from one point to another inside the network. The information could
be stored on a device, such as a personal computer in the network, it could be
generated live outside the network, such as speech,or could be generated by a
process on another piece of information, such as automatic salestransactions at
the end of a business day. The device does not necessarily have to be a
computer;it could be a hard disk, a camera or even a printer on the network. Due
to a large variety of information to be moved, and due to the fact that each type of
information has its own conditionsfor intelligibility, the computer network has
evolved into a highly complex system. Specializedknowledge from many areas of
science and engineering goes into the design of networks. It is practically
impossible for a single area of science or engineering to be entirely responsible
for the design of all the components. Therefore, a study of computer networks
branches into manyareas as we go up from fundamentals to the advanced levels

2.0 MOBILE COMPUTING

2.1 DEFINITION
Mobile computing is humancomputer interaction by which a computer is
expected to be transported during normal usage. Mobile computing
involves mobile communication, mobile hardware, and mobile software.
Communication issues include ad hoc and infrastructure networks as well as
communication properties, protocols, data formats and concrete technologies.
Hardware includes mobile devices or device components.Mobile software deals
with the characteristics and requirements of mobile applications.

2.2 SPECIFICATION , SERVICES , AND FREQUENCIES OF

MOBILE COMPUTING

NETWORK

Technology

GSM / CDMA / HSPA / EVDO /

LAUNCH

Announced
Status

LTE
2014, September
Available. Released 2014,

Dimensions

September
158.1 x 77.8 x 7.1 mm (6.22 x

BODY

3.06 x 0.28 in)

172 g (6.07 oz)
Nano-SIM
- Fingerprint sensor (Touch ID)

Weight
SIM

- Apple Pay (Visa, MasterCard,

DISPLAY

AMEX certified)
LED-backlit IPS LCD, capacitive

Type

touchscreen, 16M colors

Size
5.5 inches (~67.8% screen-tobody ratio)
Resolution
1080 x 1920 pixels (~401 ppi

PLATFORM

Protection

pixel density)
Shatter proof glass, oleophobic

OS

coating
iOS 8, upgradable to iOS 8.1.3
2

MEMORY
CAMERA

Chipset
CPU

Apple A8
Dual-core 1.4 GHz Cyclone

GPU

(ARM v8-based)
PowerVR GX6450 (quad-core

Card slot
Internal
Primary

graphics)
No
16/64/128 GB, 1 GB RAM
8 MP, 3264 x 2448 pixels, optical
image stabilization, phase
detection autofocus, dual-LED
(dual tone) flash,
1/3'' sensor size, 1.5m pixel size,

Features

geo-tagging, simultaneous HD
video and image recording, touch
focus, face/smile detection, HDR
Video

(photo/panorama)
1080p@60fps, 720p@240fps,

Secondary

optical stabilization
1.2 MP, 720p@30fps, face
detection, HDR, FaceTime over

SOUND
COMMS

Alert type
WLAN

Wi-Fi or Cellular
Vibration, proprietary ringtones
Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac, dual-

FEATURES

BLUETOOTH
GPS
USB
Sensors

band, hotspot
v4.0, A2DP, LE
Yes, with A-GPS, GLONASS
v2.0, reversible connector
Accelerometer, gyro, proximity,

Messaging

compass, barometer
iMessage, SMS (threaded view),

BATTERY

MMS, Email, Push

HTML5 (Safari)
Non-removable Li-Po 2915 mAh

MISC
TESTS

battery (11.1 Wh)

Up to 384 h (3G)
Space Gray, Silver, Gold
Contrast ratio: 1361 (nominal),

Browser

Stand By
Colours
Display

3.023 (sunlight)
Camera

Photo / Video
3

Battery life

Endurance rating 79h

3.0 INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND SERVICES

3.1 VoIP

Voice over IP (VoIP) is a methodology and group of

technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions
over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet. Other terms commonly
associated with VoIP are IP telephony, Internet telephony, broadband telephony,
and broadband phone service.
3.2 BLOG
A blog (short for weblog) is a personal online journal that is frequently updated and
intended for general public consumption. Blogs are defined by their format: a series
of entries posted to a single page in reverse-chronological order. Blogs generally
represent the personality of the author or reflect the purpose of the Web site> that
hosts the blog. Topics sometimes include brief philosophical musings, commentary
on Internet and other social issues, and links to other sites the author favors,
especially those that support a point being made on a post .

4.0 Types of Network

4.1 PAN
A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for data transmission
among devices such as computers, telephones and personal digital assistants.
PANs can be used for communication among the personal devices themselves
4

(intrapersonal communication), or for connecting to a higher level network and

the Internet (an uplink).

4.2 VPN
virtual private network (VPN) is a network that uses a public
telecommunicationinfrastructure, such as the Internet, to provide remote offices or individual
users withsecure access to their organization's network. Avirtual private network can
becontrasted with an expensivesystem of owned or leasedlines that can only be used byone
organization. The goal of a VPN is to provide theorganization with the samecapabilities, but
at a muchlower cost.

4.3 WLAN
A wireless local area network (WLAN) is a wireless computer network that links
two or more devices using a wireless distribution method (often spread-spectrum
or OFDM radio) within a limited area such as a home, school, computer
laboratory, or office building. This gives users the ability to move around within
a local coverage area and still be connected to the network, and can provide a
connection to the wider Internet. Most modern WLANs are based on IEEE
802.11 standards, marketed under the Wi-Fi brand name.

4.4 WIMAX
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a wireless
communications standard designed to provide 30 to 40 megabit-per-second data
rates,with the 2011 update providing up to 1 Gbit/s for fixed stations. The name
"WiMAX" was created by the WiMAX Forum, which was formed in June 2001 to
promote conformity and interoperability of the standard. The forum describes WiMAX

as "a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband
access as an alternative to cable and DSL".

5.0 Conclusion
We can conclude that computer networks and communication makes our life easier
tocommunicate with each other and the world using the computer

6.0 REFERENCE

http://www.gsmarena.com/apple_iphone_6_plus-6665.php 28 February 2015

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_computing 28 February 2015
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_over_IP 28 February 2015
http://searchwindevelopment.techtarget.com/definition/blog 28 February 2015
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_area_network 28 February 2015
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_LAN 28 February 2015
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX 28 February 2015