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EndNote X6
Advance your Research and Publish Instantly
Thomson Reuters EndNote X6 Help User Guide
Trademarks
Copyright2012ThomsonReuters
Allrights reservedworldwide.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,transmitted,transcribed,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortranslatedintoanylanguageinanyformbyanymeans,withoutwrittenpermissionfromThomsonReuters.
ThisproductincludessoftwaredevelopedbytheApacheSoftwareF
oundation(http://www.apache.org/).
MicrosoftWindowsandA
ctiveSyncareregisteredtrademarksofMicrosoftCorporation.
OpenOffice.orgisatrademarko
fOpenOffice.org.
PDFtechnologyinEndNoteispoweredbyPDFNetSDKcopyrightPDFTronS
ystemsInc.,2001-2010,anddistributedby
ThomsonReutersunderlicense.A
llrightsreserved.
Allotherproductandservicenamescitedinthishelpfilemaybetrademarkso
rservicemarksoftheirrespectivecompanies.
Notice regarding legal use of downloaded reference data
EndNotegivesyouthecapabilitytoimportreferencesfromonlinedatabasesa
ndstoretheminyourpersonalEndNotelibraries.
Someproducersofonlinereferencedatabasesexpresslyprohibitsuchuseandstorageoftheirdata;otherschargeanextrafee
foralicensetousethedatainthisway.B
eforeyoudownloadreferencesfromadatabase,besuretocheckthecopyrightandfair
usenoticesforthedatabase.Notethatdifferentdatabasesfromthesameprovidermayhavevaryingrestrictions.
Introduction
Overview of Thomson Reuters EndNote

WelcometoEndNoteX6-thecompletereferencesolution!
EndNote is an online search tool
Youcansearchonlinebibliographicresourcesandretrievereferencesdirectlyintoy ourEndNotelibrary.Youcan
alsoexportreferencestoEndNotefromy ourfavoriteonlineresource(seeDirectExportProvidersinEndNote
Help).
EndNote is a reference and full text organizer with a collaborative Web tool
Yourpersonalreferencelibrarywills aveyoucountlesshoursoforganizingyourresearch.
l Groupreferencesa
ccordingtoyourresearchprojectsandattachupto45filesperrecordformanagingrelated
materials.
l LocatefulltextP
DFfilesforyouorcreateareferencewhenimportingaPDFfile.S
ynchronizereferencesand
fileattachmentswithyourEndNoteWebaccount.
l SharegroupswithotherEndNoteuserseasilyandmanageyourResearcherIDp
ublicationlist.
EndNote is a bibliography maker
CiteWhileYouW ritetakesthepainoutofcitingandformattingreferencesinMicrosoftWord,andOpenOffice.orgW
riter3forWindows.Youcanalsocreateb
ibliographiesforotherwordprocessorsusingFormatPaper
(RTFfiles).Thereiss implynobettertoolthanEndNoteforhandlingdiversebibliographics tylerequirements.
EndNoteandEndNoteWebarecollaborativetoolstosimplifyworkingw
ithcolleagues.
See the following help topics for more information.
l SeeWhat's N
ewinEndNoteX6foralistofthemostrecentfeaturesaddedtoEndNote.
l Fordocumentationupdatesandcorrectionnotesforthisrelease,refertotheReadme.txtfileinstalledintheEndNote
folder.
l Forlate-breakingnewsandupdates,goto:h
ttp://www.endnote.com/support.
l ForacompletelistofprintableEndNoteHelpt opicsforWindows,gotoh
ttp://endnote.com/support/helpdocs/EndNoteX6WinHelp.pdf.
What's New in EndNote X6?

ThecurrentreleaseofEndNoteincludesthefollowingnewfeatures.
l Updateandsynchronizey ourreferencesinEndNotedesktopandEndNoteWebbytheclickofabutton.MaintainandsynchronizethereferencesinyourE
ndNotelibrarywiththereferencesinyourEndNoteWeblibraryevenacrossmultiplecomputers.
l ChangeLayoutoptionstomatchyourmonitorandpreferences,suchasshowingthePreview,Reference,andPDFViewer
panelsontherightsideofthescreentofitwidescreenmonitors.
l OpenPDFsinaseparatetabbedReference/PDFwindowforviewingreferencesorannotatingPDFfiles.
l Applyaratingtoeachofyourreferences.SearchyourEndNotelibrarybyselectingtheRatingoptionfromtheFieldlist.
l ApplyaReadorUnreadtagtoyourreferencesf romtheLibrarywindowortheReferencewindowinordertotrackwhichreferencesyouhavereviewedduringyourresearch.Setratingpreferences tohaveEndNoteautomaticallymarkreferences
asreadafterviewingintheReference,Preview,andPDFViewerpanels orafterchangingtheratingofareference.
l CopyorMovethec ontentsofonefieldtoanotherfieldwithoutlosingtheoriginaltextformattingstyle.
l ChangethecaseoffielddatafromtheReferencewindow.OptionsincludeSentencecase,lowercase,UPPERCASE,
EveryWord,a
ndtOGGLEcASE.
l Changethecaseoffieldd
ataforallreferencescurrently"showing"intheLibraryw
indow byusingtheChange/Move/Copy
Fieldscommand.
l Selectdifferentauthornameformatsforshortformsoffullreferencefootnotes.
l Editf ullreferencefootnotecitationstoexcludeauthorname,year,ora
uthor/year.
l E-mailas electedreferencewithorwithoutfileattachments toyourcolleagues.
l RetrieverecordsinXMLformatfromonlinesearchdatabases.
For more information about these features, see:
OverviewoftheSyncProcess
Read/UnreadPreferences
ResolveSyncConflicts
SyncPreferences
TheLibraryWindow
UnfiledGroups
EndNote X6 Display Fonts

Bydefault,EndNotedisplaystherecommendedsystemfontspecifiedforyourversionofWindows.SeeDisplayFontsPreferencesifyouwanttochangethefontandfontsizeonyourcomputerwhenworkinginEndNoteX6.
Note:IfyouareupgradingfromEndNoteX5orearlier,youwillnoticethefontsettingswillchangewiththisversion.Thisistoprovidethebestexperiencefornewdisplayfeatures.
View Our Whats New Video

ThomsonReutersrecommendsthatyouviewourWhatsNewvideoatwww.endnote.com/trainingoronourYouTubechannelat
www.youtube.com/endnotetraining.
View Features Added in Earlier Versions of EndNote

l FeaturesAddedtoEndNoteX3
Top 10 Things to Remember about EndNote

1. EndNotedoesnotreplacethestylemanual.Itw illmakeiteasiertofollow themanual,butyouwillstillneedthemanual.
2. Garbagein,garbageout.Socheckyourimportresults,especiallywhenworkingwithsourcessuchasGoogleScholart hat
mayhaveinconsistentdata.
3. UseoneEndNotelibraryforallofyourwriting.Itwillmakeyourlifeeasierinthelongrun.
4. UsetheEditCitationcommandtomakechangestoc itationsindocuments.Tryingtomakechangesonthescreenrisks
corruptingtheEndNotecitations.
5. Ifyouareusingfootnotestyles,yourwordprocessorc ontrolsthenumberingandplacementofthefootnoteandEndNote
controlstheformatting.Soyouwillfirstneedtoinsertthefootnoteu
singyourwordprocessor,theninserttheEndNotecitationintothatf ootnote.
6. EndNoteprovidesfivewaysofimportingreferences:
l Onlinesearch
l Directexport
l Importingtextfiles
l ImportingPDFfiles
l ThroughtheCapturebuttoninEndNoteWeb,w
hichcanimportonerecordatatimeintoeitheranEndNoteora
nEndNoteWeblibrary
Themethodyouusewilldependonwhichdatabasesyouneedtoworkw
ith.Talktoyourlibrarianaboutsearchingonline
databases.Theyc antellyouwhichdatabasesyouhaveavailabletoyouandthebestw
ayofsearchingthem.
7. OnlinesearchusestheZ39.50Internetprotocol,a
standardprotocolthatwasdevelopedjustforsearchingandretrieving
bibliographicdata.Ithaslimitations.
l Itdoesnotworkthroughproxy servers.
l Itdoesnotusethesameportyourbrowseru
ses.
l Itisnotthesameprotocolyourbrowseru
ses.
8. EndNotecanbecustomized.
9. Forcollaboration,usetheEndNoteWebfeatures etinEndNotetostorereferencesonlinewhereyourentireprojectt eam
canaccess them.
10. BackupyourEndNoteLibraries.
About ResearcherID
ResearcherID.comisafreelyavailableresourcefortheglobal,multi-disciplinarys cholarlyresearchcommunity.Afterregistering,
youareassignedanindividualIDnumberthatstayswithyouoverthecourseofyourcareer,regardlesso
fnamechangesor
changeininstitutionaffiliation.
ResearcherIDallowsyoutocreateanonlineProfileforshowcasingyourp
ublicationhistory.Itisdesignedtoassociateyouwith
yourscholarlyw ork,thusassuringanaccuraterecordofoutputandattribution.Italsop
rovidesagatewayforcolleaguesto
quicklylocateyourpublishedworkandtoidentifyyouasapotentialcollaborator.
ResearcherID Features
AtResearcherID.com,youcan:
l Updateyourbiographical(Profile)informationa
tanytime;
l BuildyourpublicationlistbyusingWebofKnowledge,W
ebofScience,DistinctAuthorsets,orbyuploadingafile;
l ManageyourpublicationlistwithEndNoteWeb;
l ControlwhetheryourProfileispublicorprivate,muchlikepeopledoonFacebookandotherWebsites;
l ViewcitationmetricsforarticlesfoundintheW
ebofScience;and
l Searchtheregistrytofindcollaborators,reviewpublicationlists,andexplorehowresearchisusedaroundtheworld.
ResearcherID Tools
Inaddition,ResearcherIDincludesaninteractiveLabsenvironmentforexplorationofauthor-levelmetrics.Thesetoolsallowfor
visualanalysisofresearchnetworksbasedon:
l SubjectCategory
l Country/Territory
l Institution
l AuthorName
l PublicationYear
l GeographicLocation
Thetoolsinclude:
l Citing Articles Network-Visuallyexplorewhoiscitingyourarticles.
l Collaboration Network-Visuallyexploreyourcollaborationassociates.
l Badge-P
laceanimagegraphiconanyWebsitetoshowyourmembershipinR
esearcherID.ThebadgedisplaysarealtimesummaryofyourProfilea
ndpublicationsonmouse-hover.
Would You Like to Know More?
l GotoResearcherID.com
l MoreinformationaboutResearcherID
Contacting Thomson Reuters

Customer Service
ContactSalesforgeneralproductinformation,p
ricing,quantitydiscounts,andreferralstodealers.
ContactCustomerServicetoordernewcopieso
rupgradesofEndNote,tocheckbilling/shippingstatus,andtoregistery oursoftware.
Sales Information
Phone:1-800-722-1227(TollFree)
Phone:7604385526(countrycodeis01)
F
ax:7604385573(countrycodeis01)
W
eb/E-mail:http://www.endnote.com/contact
Customer Support (Orders, Billing, and Shipping)
Phone:8003364474(countryc odeis01)
Fax:2153862911(countrycodeis01)
Web/E-mail:http://www.endnote.com/contact
Support
ContactTechnicalSupportifyouencounterproblemswhileusingEndNote.W
henyoucontactus,pleasehaveacleardescription
oftheproblemandk nowtheversionofyourWindowsoperatingorMacintoshsystem,EndNote,a
ndwordprocessor.Tofindthe
EndNoteversionandserialnumber,startEndNoteandselectAboutEndNotefromtheEndNotemenu(Macintosh)ortheHelp
menu(Windows).
Forweb/e-mailorphonecontact,includinghoursandholidayclosures,p
leasegoto:http://www.endnote.com/contact
Technicalsupporttipsarealsoavailablefromthehttp://science.thomsonreuters.com/techsupport/hours/s iteandtheEndNote
DiscussionForum(seethesectionsthatfollow int hismanual).
International Customer and Technical Support

ForcustomersupportortechnicalsupportoutsideofNorthAmerica,v isitourWebsitetocheckforalocaldistributor.
Gotohttp://www.endnote.com/distributorstofindcontactinformationforyourlocalEndNotesupport.
EndNote Web Site

TheEndNoteWebsite(http://www.endnote.com)c ontainsfreetrainingoptionsincludingonlinevideos andWebclasses,a
technicalsupportknowledgebase,andinformationonthelatestversionso
fEndNote.Youcanalsofindupdatedstyles,filters,and
connectionfilesavailablefordownload.
EndNote Discussion Forums

IfyouwishtojoinanongoingforumofEndNoteuserslikeyourself,g
otohttp://www.endnote.com/forum.Youcanbrowseseveral
EndNotemessagelists,easilysearchfortopics,a
ndjointoaddmessages.
JointheEndNotesocialnetworkat:
l www.facebook.com/EndNote
l www.twitter.com/EndNoteNews
l www.youtube.com/endnotetraining
Technical Support & Services

GotoTechnicalSupport&Servicesfora
listoffrequentlyaskedquestionsw
ereceiveaboutEndNote.
Other Resource Contacts

EndNote Training
ToviewourEndNotetutorialsortodownloadupdates,outputstyles,importfilters,documenttemplates,andmore,gotoourProductT
rainingpage.
Product Suggestions
Tooffersuggestiononhowwecanimproveu
ponEndNote,gotoProductSuggestions.
Windows Printable Help File
Fora
completelistofprintableEndNoteHelptopics,gotohttp://endnote.com/support/helpdocs/EndNoteX6WinHelp.pdf.
Features Added to EndNote X3

EndNoteX3includesthesenewfeatures:
l Usegroupsetstobetterorganizey ourEndNotereferences.Savereferencesingroupsandthensavesetso
fgroupsin
groupsets.Youcancollectbothcustomgroups andsmartg
roupswithinthesamegroupset.SeeAboutG
roupsandGroup
Sets.
l CreateaseparatebibliographyforeachsectioninasingleMicrosoftWorddocument.SeeCreatingM
ultipleBibliographies
inaSingleDocumentandSections.
l InMicrosoftWord,multiplec itationsthataregroupedunderasinglenumbercanbedifferentiatedw
ithletters.SeeNumberingC
itations.
l Findevenmorefulltextdocumentsw
ithFindFullText.UseOpenURLLinkresolversandproxysystemstofind,download,andautomaticallyattachfulltextPDFfilesalongw
ithcorebibliographicdata.SeeFindingF
ullTextforaReference.
l Easilysaveacopyofanattachedfile.SeeSavingaCopyofanAttachedFile.
l Useexpandedandupdatedbibliographico
utputstyles,importfilters,andconnectionfiles.
l UseadditionalAppleScriptc ommandstoautomateEndNotetasks.SeeAppleScripta
ndAppleScriptExamples.
CiteWhileYouWritewiththefreeOpenOffice.orgW riterwordprocessor.SeeHowtoCiteWhileYouW
ritewithOpel nOffice.orgWriter.
l UseEndNotewithfullcompatibilitywith64bitv ersionsofMicrosoftWindows.
Features Added to EndNote X4

EndNoteX4addsthesefeatures:
l ImportandcreatenewrecordsfromPDFfiles.W hetheryouareimportingasinglefileorafolderofPDFfiles,E
ndNote
usesmetadataandDOIinformationtocreateanewreferenceandattachthesourcePDF.Basicbibliographyinformation
willbeaddedautomaticallyformostjournalarticles,c onferenceproceedings,conferencepapers,andreports.
l SearchthecontentsofattachedPDFfiles.Y
ouwillfindanewoptiononthefieldlisttosearchPDFfilesseparately,orin
combinationwiththereferencedata.
l Createnewgroupsbycomparing,combiningors uppressingexistinggroups.Thenewsmartgroupsareupdateddynamicallya
syourlibrarygrows.
l Transferupto10,000referencesbetweenthedesktopandEndNoteWebtoshareonlinegroupswithotherEndNoteu
sers.
SharedgroupsarenowincludedwhenyouCiteWhileYouWritefromEndNoteWeb.
l Editreferenceswhencomparingduplicatescopy/pastea
ndsavechangesintheside-by-sideview.
CiteWhileYouWritenewfeaturesinclude:
l Addhyperlinksbetweenin-textcitationsandthebibliographyreferenceinMicrosoftW ordusinganyjournalstyle.
l Useexpandedfunctionalitywheneditingcitationstrackusageandmore.
l MeetthecompleteAPA6thstylerequirementsincludingspecifichandlingofreferenceswitheightormoreauthors,hyphenatedfirstnamesandDOIdata.
l ImprovedfootnotehandlingfortheChicagoM
anualofStyleandsimilarfootnote-basedbibliographicstyles.
l TravelingLibraryenhancementsrecognizereferencesw
hensharingWorddocumentsforbettercollaboration.
l GetaquickcitationreportofreferencescitedinaMicrosoftWorddocumentwithanewauto-groupintheEndNotelibrary.
What's New in EndNote X5?

ThecurrentreleaseofEndNoteincludesthefollowingnewfeatures:
l EasilyconvertyourReferenceManagerdatabasestoEndNotedatabases.ThisfeaturesisavailabletousersofReference
Manager,versions11and12.
l WithinCiteWhileYouWrite,younowhavetheoptiontoconvertReferenceManagercitationsandbibliographiestoEndNotecitationsandbibliographies.ThisfeatureassumesthatyouhaveconvertedyourReferenceManagerdatabasetoan
EndNotedatabase.
l AddandtransferfileattachmentstoreferencesinyourEndNoteWebaccountforgreatermobility.
l ViewandannotatePDFfilesintheEndNotelibrary.UpgradeorcreateyourWebaccountwithy ourX5licensetoreceive
thisexpandedfeature.
l FindReferenceUpdatesontheRecordEditwindowtoretrieveadditionalonlinedatasuchasthePMCIDrequiredforN IH
grants.
l SelectanewcitationoptionAuthor(Year)
withintheFind&InsertMyReferencesdialoginCiteWhileY
ouWrite.
l Savetimewithnewconditionalformattings ubstituteemptyfieldswithalternatessuchasVolumeandPagesw
ithDOI.
SupportincludesDOI,PMCID,andEditor/Translatorconditions.
l Reviewduplicatereferencesquicklywithnewauto-highlightsforeachfieldwheredifferencesarefound.
l ViewnewDatasetandMusicreferencetypesasw
ellasnewfieldsforNIHMSIDandArticleNumber.
l Selectfromanexpandedsetofbibliographics tyles,importfilters,andconnectionfilesinstalledbydefault
oraddmore
throughcustomizing.
Note: ThomsonReutersrecommendsthatyouviewourWhatsNewvideoatwww.endnote.com/trainingo
ronyourEndNoteX5
CD.
SeethefollowingHelptopicsformoreinformationaboutthesenewfeaturesinEndNote.
uplicateReferences
l FindingD
l UpdatingR
eferences
l FieldS
ubstitutions(BibliographyandFootnotes)
l ConvertingaReferenceManagerDatabasetoEndNote
Note: ThomsonReutersrecommendsthatyouviewourWhatsNewvideoatwww.endnote.com/trainingfordetailedinformation
aboutthenewfeaturesinEndNote.
IfyouhaveupgradedfromanearlierversionofEndNote,youmaywantt oseethefollowingtopicsinEndNoteHelp.
ddedtoEndNoteX3
l FeaturesA
l FeaturesA
ddedtoEndNoteX4
The EndNote Library

About the EndNote Library
Back Up Your Libraries
YourEndNotelibrarybecomesincreasinglyvaluabletoyouasyouaddreferencestoit.Consequently,itisimperativethatyou
backupyourlibraries,alongwithanyotherimportantdocuments.Eachlibraryismadeu
pofafilewiththeextension.ENLplusa
corresponding.DATAfolder.Alwaysbackupboththe.ENLfileandthe.DATAfolder.
YoucanusetheSaveaC
opycommandoroneoftheCompressedLibrarycommandstosaveacopyo
fyourlibrarytoaremovabledisk(orelsewhere)forsafekeeping.SeeBackingUpYourE
ndNoteFilesformoreinformationaboutmakingbackupcopies
ofyourfiles.
Related Topics:
BackingU
pYourEndNoteFiles
ImportantFilestoBackup
ImportantPointsAboutLibraries
LibrarySummary
SaveaC
opyofaLibrary
Important Points About Libraries

Listedbelowares omeimportantpointsabouttheEndNotelibrary.Detailedinformationa
bouteachoftheseitemsfollows.
l ThereisnolimittothenumberofreferencesyoucancreateinanEndNotelibrary.Itisrecommendedthatthenumbernot
exceed100,000tomaintaine
fficientperformancemanagingthedatabase.
l Thereisnolimittothenumberoflibrariesyoucancreate,assumingthatyouhavethediskspacetostorethem.Werecommendthatyoukeepallthereferencesy ouciteinyourpapersinoneprimarylibrary.
l Youc anselectdefaultlibrariestoopenautomaticallywhenEndNoteiss tarted.
l Youc anopenmorethanonelibraryatatime.
l LibrariescreatedwiththeWindowsversionofEndNotecanbeusedbytheMacintoshversiono
fEndNoteandviceversa
(seeTransferringL
ibrariesAcrossPlatforms).
l Eachlibrarycanbeindependentlymoved,copied,renamedordeletedusingtheWindowsExplorer(orbyopening"MyComputer").Alwaysmove,copy,renameordeletebotht hemain.ENLfileandthe.DATAfolder;o
therwise,youcanlosereferencedata.
l Figures,Groups,andothersignificantfilesa
restoredina[libraryname].DATAfolderwhichisinthesamefoldera
syour
mainlibraryfile.Thisfolderisanextensionofthelibrary,s oremembertomove,copy,rename,ordeletetheassociated
DATAfoldera
longwiththemainlibraryfile.
l Libraryfilenamesincludetheextension.ENL.Ifyourlibraryfilenamedoesnotincludean.ENLextension,Windows
Explorermaynotbedisplayingfileextensions.YoucanchangethissettinginWindowsExplorerifyouwish.
l TheL
ibrarywindowcanberesizedandthedisplayfontcanbechangedt oanyfontorsizethatyouprefer.
l TheLibrarywindowdisplaysamulti-columnreferencelist.Bydefault,thefirstcolumnshowsaRead/Unreadindicatorfollowedby:
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
Author
Year
Title
Rating
Journal(orsecondarytitle)
ReferenceType
URL
LastUpdated
Youcanchangetheorderofthefields,addfields,removefields,orchangethenameofafieldinthecolumnheadingsof
theLibrarywindow.SeeDisplayFieldsPreferencesformoreinformation.
Related Topics:
BackUpY
ourLibraries
Creatinga
NewLibrary
LibrarySummary
OpeningaLibrary
TheL
ibraryWindow
TransferringL
ibrariesAcrossPlatforms
Library Summary
Toseeasummaryofstatistics aboutthecurrentlyopenlibrary,gototheToolsmenuandselectLibrarySummary.
Ifyouwishtosaveandprintthisinformation,usethe"Copytexttoclipboard"buttonandthenpastethetextintoawordprocessor
d
ocument.
Foralistofstatisticsabout aspecificreference,seeRecordS
ummary.
The Library Window

The Library Window
WhenyoufirstopenalibraryinEndNote,youseeaLibrarywindowm
adeupoffourdifferentpanels.
l
l
l
l
l
TheGroupsPanel
ThePDFViewerPanel
TheReferenceListPanel
TheSearchPanel
TheTabsPanel
Youc anclickonapaneltomakeitactiveorpressF6tojumpfromonepaneltoa
nother.
Theselectionofgroupsandmenucommandsdependsonthedisplaymodethatyouselect.SeeTheDisplayModes.
The Library Toolbar

TheLibrarytoolbarprovidesvariouscommandsthatallowyoutom
anageyourreferences.Foradescriptionofeachcommand,
seeTheLibraryT
oolbar.
Selecting the Sync Feature

YourpurchaseofEndNoteX6entitlesyoutoatwo-yearfrees ubscriptiontoEndNoteWebouronlineversionofEndNotedesktop.
TheSyncfeatureallowsyoutosynchronizethereferencesiny ourEndNotelibrarywiththereferencesinyourEndNoteWeb
library.Y
oumustregisterandhaveanactiveEndNoteWebaccounttoinitiatetheSyncprocess.
I Already Have an EndNote Web Account
1. ClicktheSyncbuttoninthetoolbartogotoanEndNoteWebLogindialog.
2. EnteryourEndNoteWebe-mailaddress.
3. EnteryourEndNoteWebpassword.
4. ClickOK.
TheSyncprocessshouldautomaticallybeginsynchronizingyourE
ndNotedesktopreferenceswithyourEndNoteWebreferencessothata
nexactmatchexistsinbothlibraries.
SinceyoualreadyhaveanEndNoteWebaccount,EndNotepopulatesthefields ontheSyncPreferencespagewiththee-mail
addressandp
asswordthatyouenteredontheEndNoteWebLogindialog.Latery oucanchangethedatainthesefieldsifyou
everchangeyoure
-mailaddressorpassword.
Note:TheSynclibrarythatyoudefinedinSyncP
referencesmustbeopenandcurrentlyactivetoperformtheSyncprocess.
Moreover,youcannotinitiatetheSyncprocesswhileinOnlineMode.
I Do Not Have an EndNote Web Account
SinceyoudonothaveanEndNoteWebaccount,youmustcreateone.R
egistrationisfastandeasyandactivatesyourtwo-year
EndNoteWeba
ccountwhencompleted.
1. ClicktheSyncbuttonintheLibrarytoolbartogotoanE
ndNoteWebLogindialog.
2. ClicktheSignUpbuttontogotoaUserRegistrationdialog.
3. Enteryoure-mailaddressintheUserRegistrationdialog.Retypeyoure-mailaddress,andthenclicktheContinuebutton.
4. EnteryourpersonalinformationintherequiredfieldsonthenextUserRegistrationform.Forexample,enteryourname,a
password,atitle,andfillintheremainingfields.
5. ClicktheIAgreebuttontocompletetheregistrationprocessandtobeginsynchronizingyourEndNoteWeblibrarywithyour
EndNotelibrary.
OnceyoucreateyourEndNoteWebaccount,E
ndNotepopulatesthefields ontheSyncPreferencespagewithy oure-mail
addressandpasswordthatyouenteredduringregistration.Lateryoucanchangethedatainthesefieldsifyoueverchangeyour
e-mailaddressorpassword.
Note:WerecommendthatyoucreateacompressedlibrarybackupthefirsttimethatyouinitiatetheSyncprocess.SeeSaving
aCompressedCopyofaLibraryformoreinformation.
SeeSyncPreferences andOverviewoftheSyncProcessformoreinformationaboutthisfeature.
Selecting a Layout Mode

ClicktheLayoutbuttoninthelowerright-handcorneroftheL
ibrarywindowtodisplayamenuthatlistssevendifferentlayout
options.
Groups Panel
Left / Off:Thislayoutallowsyoutoh
ideorshowtheGroupsp
anel.Youcanusethisoptionincombinationwithany
oftheotherlayoutoptions.
Reference Panel
Right:Thislayoutallowsy outocombinetheReference,Preview,andPDFViewertabsaso
nepaneltotherightof
theReferencelistinacolumnararrangement.Thisisthed
efaultlayoutoption.
Right - Split:Thislayoutallowsy outoarrangetheReference/PreviewtabsandthePDFViewerpaneltotheright
oftheReferencelistinacolumnararrangement.
Bottom:Thislayoutallows y outocombinetheReference/PreviewtabsandthePDFViewertabinas plitarrangementbelowtheReferencelist.
Bottom - Split:ThislayoutallowsyoutocombinetheReference,Preview,andPDFtabsinonepanelbelowthe
Referencelist.
Off:Thislayoutallowsy outohidetheReference,Preview,andPDFViewerpanels.EndNoted
isplaysonlythe
GroupspanelandtheReferencelistside-b
y-side.
Selecting the Search Panel

TheSearchpaneldisplaysatthetopoftheEndNotewindowregardlessofwhichlayoutoptionyouselect.
TobeginasearchofyourEndNotelibrary,selectthegroupofreferencesyouwanttosearchandthenselectSearchLibraryfrom
theT
oolsmenu.YoucanalsoclicktheShowSearchPanelbuttontodisplayt heSearchpanelandtheHideSearchPaneltohide
theSearchpanel.
Tobeginasearchofanonlinedatabase,clickonthedatabasenameintheGroupspanelunderOnlineSearchorgototheTools
menuandselectOnlineSearch.SeeTheSearchPanelformoreinformation.
Selecting a Display Mode

YoucanchoosefromthreedifferentdisplaymodesintheLibraryw indow.
Integrated Library & Online Search Mode:Allgroupsandcommandsareavailable.Whenyoudownloadreferencesfroman
onlinedatabase.EndNotes avestheminyouropenlibrary.
Local Library Mode:Displaysautomaticg
roups,customgroups,andsmartgroups.OnlineSearchg
roups arenotavailable.
Online Search Mode:Searchanddownloadreferencesfromonlinedatabases.Inthismode,onlyOnlineSearchgroupsareavailable.R
eferencesa
redownloadedintoatemporarylibrary.TheyareremovedwhenyoucloseEndNote.
Toswitchbetweenthesemodes,clickontheappropriatetoolbarb
utton.
Formoreinformation,seeTheD
isplayModes.
Resizing the Library Window

YoucanresizetheLibrarywindowbyclickingt hewindowborderinthelowerrightwindowc orneranddraggingtothedesireds ize
orbyclickingthemaximize/minimizebuttonsintheuppercorneroftheLibrarywindow.
EndNoteremembersthenewsizeoftheLibrarywindowaswellasitslocationonthescreen.ThenexttimeyouopenEndNote,
thelibraryappearsw
iththesamedimensionsandinthesamelocationaswhenyoulastclosedit.EachEndNotelibrarycanhave
itsownuniquedimensionsandscreenlocation.
Changing the Library Display Font

Bydefault,EndNotedisplaystherecommendedsystemfontspecifiedforyourversionofWindows.
YoucanselectadifferentfontandsizeforthetextdisplayedintheLibraryw
indow byusingEndNotespreferences.ThelistofreferencesintheLibraryw
indowusesthefontandfontsizeasdefinedfromtheLibrarytabinDisplayF
ontspreferences.
ThePreviewtabontheTabspanelusestheGeneraldisplayfont.Changesm
adetothedisplayfontsapplytoallEndNote
librariesopenedonthatc omputer.
SeeDisplayFontsP
referencesforinstructionsonhowtochangethedisplayfont.
Note:Changingthedisplayfontsdoesnota
ffectthefontEndNoteuseswhenitcreatesabibliography.EndNoteusesthefontof
yourpaperfortheb
ibliography.
Changing the Display Fields

Bydefault,thefirstcolumnintheLibrarywindowdisplaysaRead/Unreadindicatorfollowedby:
l FileAttachments
l Author
l Year
l Title
l Journal/SecondaryTitle
l Rating
l ReferenceType
l URL
l LastUpdated
Youcanchangetheorderofthefields,addfields,removefields,o
rchangethenameofafieldinthecolumnheadingsofthe
Libraryw
indow.SeeDisplayFieldsPreferences forinstructiononhowtochangethedisplayfields.
Onceyouhavesetthedesireddisplayfields,youcanadjustthecolumnw
idthsbydraggingthebarbetweencolumnheadings.
Changing the Reference List Sort Order

Bydefault,thereferenceslistedintheLibrarywindow aresortedb
ythefirstauthorslastname.
YoucanchangethesortorderbyselectingS
ortLibraryfromtheToolsmenuorbyclickingthecolumnheadings.Whenyous orta
library,thatsortorderisretainedevenafteryoucloseandreopenalibrary.SeeSortingtheLibraryformoreinformationaboutsorting.
Related Topics:
DisplayFieldsPreferences
DisplayFontsPreferences
NavigatingintheLibraryWindow
RecordSummary
Showinga
ReferencePreview
The Library Window Display Modes

YoucanchoosefromdifferentdisplaymodesintheLibrarywindow.Youm
aywanttoalwaysworkinIntegrated Library &
Online Search Mode,whereallgroups andcommandsareavailable.Whenyoudownloadreferencesfromanonlinedatabase,
theyaresaveddirectlyintoyouropenlibrary.
TheotheroptionistoworkprimarilyinLocal Library ModeandswitchtoOnline Search Modewhenyouwanttosearchand
downloadreferencesfromanonlinedatabase.InLocalLibraryMode,theOnlineSearchgroupsaren
otavailable;onceyouselect
theOnlineSearchcommandfromtheToolsmenu,youareautomaticallyswitchedtoOnlineSearchMode.InOnlineS
earch
Mode,onlytheOnlineSearchgroupsareavailable, andreferencesa
redownloadedintoatemporarylibrary.Thisallowsyouto
downloadreferencesf romonlinedatabaseswithoutaffectingyourlocallibrary.Manylibraryc ommandsarenotavailableinOnline
SearchMode.
Toswitchbetweenthesemodes,clicktheappropriatetoolbarbutton.
Integrated Library & Online Search Mode

Whenyoufirstcreatealibrary,IntegratedLibrary&OnlineSearchM
odeisineffect.Allgroupsandmenucommandsareavailable.Whenyoup
erformanonlinesearch,thefoundreferencesaredownloadeddirectlyintothecurrentlyopenlibrary.
WhenyouclosealibrarywithIntegratedmodeineffect,thatsettingisretained;whenyouopenthelibraryagain,allgroupsare
available.
Local Library Mode

LocalLibraryModedoesnotdisplayOnlineGroups.Itdisplaysautomaticg
roups,customgroups,andsmartgroups.Itkeepsy ou
frominadvertentlysearchinganonlinedatabaseanddownloadingreferencesintoyourcurrentlyopenlibrary.
WhenyougototheToolsmenuandselectOnlineSearch,orclicktheO
nlineSearchModeicononthetoolbar,EndNoteswitches
intoOnlineSearchM
ode.
WhenyouclosealibrarywithLocalLibraryModeineffect,thatsettingisretained;whenyouopenthelibraryagain,onlylocal
librarygroupsa
reavailable.
Note:Youcanstillu
seFindFullText,usetheImportcommand,ordirectdownloadreferencesintoyourlocallibrary.Onlyan
OnlineSearchcommandswitchestoOnlineS
earchMode.
Online Search Mode

SelectOnlineSearchModeifyoudonotwanttoautomaticallydownloadfoundreferencesdirectlyintoyouropenlibrary.Youmay
prefertoperusethedownloadedreferencesandthencopyonlyspecificreferencesintoyourpermanentEndNotelibrary.
WhenOnlineSearchModeisineffect,theonlygroupsavailableintheL
ibrarywindow areOnlineSearches,aswellastheautomaticgroupsOnlineR eferencesandOnlineTrash.Whenyouretrievereferencesfromanonlined
atabaseinOnlineSearch
Mode,thereferencesaredownloadedintoatemporarylibrary.Ifyouwanttosavethereferencesyouhavedownloaded,youmust
copythemtoanexistingEndNotelibrary.
WhenOnlineSearchModeisineffect,manymenuitemsaredisabled.Y
oucannotsavechangestoanindividualreferenceor
makeglobalchangestoreferences.
WhenyouclosealibrarywithOnlineSearchModeineffect,thatsettingisnotretained;whenyouopenthelibraryagain,Local
LibraryModeisineffect,withonlylocalgroupsavailable.
Related Topics:
AbouttheLibraryWindow
TheGroups Panel
TheReferenceL
istPanel
TheTabsPanel
The Groups Panel

Groupsaresubsetsofreferencessavedforeasyretrieval.Theleftp
aneloftheLibrarywindow listsseveralgroupsetsthat
includevarioustypesofgroups:automaticgroups,customgroups,smartgroups,OnlineS
earchgroups,andFindFullText
groups.Eachisdescribedbelow.
AnewlibrarymaydisplayonlythepermanentAllReferences,Unfiled,andTrashgroups.Todisplayagroupofreferencesinthe
ReferenceListpanel,clickthegroupname.
Note:Ifyoufindthatnotallgroupsareavailable,seeTheL
ibraryWindow DisplayModes.
Group Sets
GroupsetsareindicatedbygroupsetheadingsintheGroups panel.S
omegroupsetsarepermanent,andcannotberemoved.
TheseincludeOnlineS
earchandFindFullText,whicharedescribedbelow.An
ewlibrarybegins withonegroupset:MyGroups.
Youcanrenameitatanytime.Youcanalsocreateanynumberofadditionalcustomgroups ets.Groupsetscancontainanycombinationofcustomgroupsands martgroups,asdescribedbelow.
Expandorcollapsethelistofgroupsunderagroupsetheadingb
yclickingtheplus(+)orminus(-)button.Clickanddragagroup
setheadingtomovethegroupsettoanewlocation.
Formoreinformationaboutgroupsets,seeUsingGroupSets.
Automatic Groups
Automaticgroupsincludebothpermanentandtemporarygroups,arelisteda
tthetopoftheGroupspanelintheLibrarywindow,
andcannotbechanged.
Thepermanentgroups are:
All References:Thisdisplaysa
llofthereferencesinthecurrentlibrary.Ifyouhighlightasubseto
freferencesinthisgroupand
thendisplayonlythoseselectedreferences,t henameofthegroupchangestoShowingReferences.Thestatuslinealongt hebottomofthewindowwillalwaystellyouhowmayreferencesyouarev iewingplusthetotalnumberofreferencesinthelibrary.
Sync Status:Thisisnotreally agroup.TheSyncStatus buttonallows youtoopentheSyncStatsdialogtoreviewinformation
abouttheEndNotelibrarythatyouselectedtos ynchronizewithyourEndNoteWeblibrary.ThedialogtellsyouthenumberofreferencesandthenumberoffileandfigureattachmentsthatEndNoteupdatedduringthelastSyncprocess.A"Copytexttoclipboard"buttonallowsyoutocopythetexttoaclipboard,andthenpastethetextinatextfile.
Sync Conflicts Group:ThisgroupcontainsallofthereferencesforwhichEndNotehasidentifiedaconflictb
etweenanEndNote
referenceandEndNoteWebreference.
Unfiled:Thisgroupcontainsthosereferences thatarenotpartofacustomgroup(andoptionallynotp
artofasmartgroup).RightclickUnfiledtodisplayacontextsensitivem
enuandtogglethesetting"ExcludeSmartGroupsinUnfiled/IncludeS
martGroups
inUnfiled".
Trash:ThisgroupcontainsthereferencesyouhaveremovedfromthelibrarybyselectingMoveReferencest oTrashfromtheReferencesmenu.Whilethereferencesareofficiallynolongerinyourlibrary(theywillnotappearinanyothergrouporreferencelist,
theyarenotincludedinyourreferencecount,andtheyc annotbesearchedorcited),theyarenotcompletelydeleteduntilyoug
o
totheReferencesmenuandselectEmptyTrash.UntilyouselectEmptyTrash,y oucanstilldragreferencesfromtheTrashgroup
backtoyouractivelibrary.
Temporary Groups
Copied References:T
histemporarygroupdisplaysthelastgroupofreferencesthatwereretrievedinOnlineSearchModeand
thencopiedintoyourpermanentlibrarywitht heReferences>CopyReferencesT
ocommand.
Duplicate References:Thistemporarygroupdisplaystheresultsofduplicatedetectioninyourlibrary.Y
oucanrunduplicate
detectionwiththeReferences>
DetectDuplicatescommand.S
eeFindingD
uplicateReferences.
Imported References:Thistemporaryg
roupdisplaysthelastsetofreferencesimportedintothelibrarywiththeFile>Import
command.SeeGeneralI mportingInstructions.
Search Results:Thistemporarygroupdisplaysthemostrecentsearchresults.Eachtimeyourunanothers earchonthelibrary,
thisgroupisreplaced.SeeSearchingforReferences.
Find Full Text groupsarealsoa
utomaticandtemporary,buttheyappearunderaFindFullTextgroups et,describedbelow.
Note:Whenyouc losealibrary,alltemporarygroupsaredeleted.Onlythegroupsared
eleted;thereferencesarestillinthe
library!
Custom Groups, Smart Groups, and Combination Groups

Customgroups,smart groups,andcombinationgroupsareuserdefined.Youcancreateupto5
,000userdefinedgroupsand
organizethemingroupsets.
Youcaneasilydraganddropindividualreferencesorlistsofselectedreferencestoandfromcustomgroups.Customgroupsare
updatedonlywheny ouspecificallyaddorremovereferences.
Smartgroupsaredynamicallyupdatedbyapplyingsearchcriteriatoe
achreferenceasitisaddedorupdated.
Combinationgroupsincludecustomgroupsandsmartgroups.
Formoredetailedinformationaboutsavingreferencesingroups,ands avingthosegroupsingroupsets,seeAboutG
roups .
Online Search
TheOnlineSearchsectionintheGroupspanellistsyour"favorite"c onnectionfilesforonlinesearching.Whenyouclickononeof
theseconnectionfilenames,theSearchpanelbecomesactivea
ndyouareconnectedtotheselectedonlineserviceinorderto
begins earching.Formoreinformationaboutonlinesearching,seeHowt oSearchanOnlineDatabase.
IftheOnlineGroupssectionisnotavailableintheGroupspanel,youm
aybedisplayingtheLibrarywindowinLocalLibraryMode.
SeeTheL
ibraryWindowDisplayModes.
Find Full Text
TheFindFullTextgroupsetliststemporarygroups thatappearwheny ouselectFindFullTextfromtheReferencesmenu.The
groupsremainforthecurrentsession,butdisappearwhenyouclosethelibrary.
Searching...:ThisgroupdisplaysthecurrentsetofreferencesforwhichEndNoteisattemptingtofinde
itherthefulltextfileof
eachreferencedworkoratleastaURLtothereferencedwork.Whenthefulltextsearchiscompleted,thisgroupisdeleted.
ThosereferencestowhichfulltextoraURLwasaddedared
isplayedinaFoundPDFgrouporaFoundURLgroup.
Found PDF:T
hisgroupdisplaysthesetofreferencesforwhichE
ndNoteinsertedthePDFfileofthereferencedworkasan
attachment.T
hesereferencesdisplayapaperclipiconintheFileAttachmentscolumnofthereferencelist.IfaURLisalso
found,itisaddedtothereference,b
utthereferenceisnotincludedintheFoundURLgroup.
Found URL:ThisgroupdisplaysthesetofreferencesforwhichE
ndNoteinsertedaURLtothereferencedwork.
Not Found:ThisgroupdisplaysthesetofreferencesforwhichEndNotecouldnotidentifyafulltextPDFfileoraURL.Theseare
onlyfromthesetofreferencessearchedwitht heFindFullTextcommandduringthissessionoftheEndNotelibrary.
FormoreinformationaboutFindFullText,seeFindingFullTextforaReferenceandHowtoFindandRetrieveFullText.
Related Topics:
AbouttheLibraryWindow
TheDisplayM
odes
ThePDFViewerPanel
TheReferenceL
istPanel
TheSearchPanel
TheTabsPanel
The PDF Viewer Panel

SelectalayoutviewfromtheLayoutmenulocatedintheright-handcorneroftheLibrarywindow.
SelectthePDFtabfromtheLibrarywindowortheReferencewindowtoopenthePDFViewerpaneltoreview andannotate
attachedP
DFfiles.
ToopenaPDFfile,selectareference,andthen:
l Right-click>F
ileAttachments>OpenFile
l Referencesmenu>FileAttachments>OpenFile
l Double-clickthePDFfile
Attaching PDF Files

YoucanattachPDFfilesandviewtheminthePDFViewerpanelinv ariousways.
l ClicktheAttachFiles(paperclip)icononanyPDFtabtoopenaselectfiledialog.
l SelectafieldintheReferencewindow.FromtheReferencesmenu,selectFileAttachments>AttachFiletoopenaselect
filedialog.
l SelectafieldintheReferencepanel.Right-clicktoopenacontextualmenu.SelectFileAttachments>AttachFiletoopena
selectfiledialog.
l SelectthePDFViewerp
anel.PressCtrl+Alt+A toopenaselectfiledialog.
ClicktheSavePDFicononthePDFViewertoolbartosaveyourwork.YoucanalsonavigatetoanotherreferenceandEndNote
willpromptyoutosaveyourwork.
Navigating the PDF Viewer Panel

EndNoteallowsyoutoopenandannotatePDFfileswithintheP
DFViewerpanel.SelectareferencewithattachedPDFsfromthe
referencelisttoviewaPDFfile.
YoucanresizetheSticky Notetextboxtoe
nterandviewmoretextbygrabbingaresizehandleatanycornerofthetextb
oxand
draggingituntilyoureachthedesiredsize.
Using PDF Viewer Toolbar

AtoolbarappearswithinthePDFViewerpanelthatdisplaysthefollowingoptions.
MoveyourcursoroveranicononthetoolbartoseeAlttexttoexplainitsfunction.Forexample,Alt(hover)textforthefirstthree
iconsdisplays:
l OpenPDFFileintheReferenceWindow
l SavePDF
l PrintPDF
Right-clickwithinanopenPDFfiletodisplayacontextualmenuthatincludesmanyoftheseo
ptionsplusotheroptions,suchas:
l OpenwithAdobeAcrobat
l OpeninReferenceWindow
l E-mailAttachment
l Remove(deletesthecurrentPDFfile)
l ShowNotes/Markup
l HidesNotes/Markup
Using the Find Feature

TheFindfeatureallowsyoutosearchforwordsandphraseswithinaPDFd
ocument.Enteryourtermsinthetextboxandpress
Enter.UsetheNextandPreviousbuttonstofindthenext/previousinstanceofasearchterm.
TheFindfeatureonlysearcheswithinthecurrentlyopenPDF.Youcannotu
sethisfeaturetosearchthereferencefields inthe
Referencepanelo
rtosearchotherPDFfilesthatareattachedtothecurrentreference.
TheFindfeaturehighlightsandreturnmatchesthatcontainthesearchq
ueryfollowedbyanyothercharacters.Forexample:
l Asearchonhospital findshospital,hospitals,hospitalization,andsoon.
l Asearchonhospital care findsmatchesthatcontainthephrasehospital careonly.
l Asearchonhospital carefindsmatchesthatcontainthephrasehospitalc are(thephrasemustcontainthequotation
marks).
Adding Sticky Notes and Highlighting PDF Text

WithinthePDFViewer,youcanmakeannotations(stickynotes)andh
ighlights electedtextwithinaPDF.BothaStickyNoteand
aHighlightTexticona
ppearinthet oolbarinthePDFViewerpanel.
Add a Comment
1. GotoasectioninthePDFwhereyouwanttoaddacomment.
2. Selectthetextwhereyouwanttoinsertacomment.
3. SelecttheStickyNoteiconfromthetoolbar.
4. Double-clicktheStickyNoteiconthatappearsinthePDFfiletodisplayaStickyNotetextbox.
5. EnteryourcommentsintheStickyNotetextbox.
6. ClicktheSavePDFiconinthetoolbartosaveyourchanges.
Note:Todeleteastickynote,right-clickwithint hePDFViewerpaneltoopenacontextualmenu,andthenselecttheDelete
Annotationo
ption.
Highlight Text
1. GotothesectioninthePDFwhereyouwanttohighlighttext.
2. SelectthetextwithinthePDFthatyouwanttoh
ighlight.
3. SelecttheHighlightTexticon.Thecoloroftheselectedtextchangestoyellow.
4. ClicktheSavePDFiconinthetoolbartosaveyourchanges.
Tohidestickynotesandhighlightedtext,moveyourcursoroverthetext.Right-clicktodisplaythecontextualmenu.Selectthe
HideNotes/Markupoptionfromthemenu.
Notes:
l Stickynotecommentsaresearchableusingthe"AnyFieldandPDF"and"PDFNotes"optionsfromtheFieldlist.
l Stickynotesarenotprintable.TheydonotappearwhenthePDFfileisprinted.
l YoucannotmovestickynoteswithinaPDFfile.
The Reference List Panel

TheReferenceListpaneldisplaysallthereferencesinthecurrentlyselectedgroup.Alltheoptionsfromthetoolbarareavailable.
SeeToolbarsformoreinformationabouttheseoptions.
Display Fields
l FileAttachments
l Author
l Year
l Title
l Rating
l ReferenceType
l URL
l LastUpdated
Changing the Order of the Fields or Adding / Removing Fields
Youcanchangetheorderofthefields,addfields,removefields,orchangethenameofafieldinthecolumnheadingsofthe
Librarywindow.SeeDisplayFieldsPreferences formoreinformation.
1. FromtheEditmenu,s electPreferences.
2. ClicktheDisplayFieldsoptioninthelist.
3. SelectthedesiredfieldfromtheFieldlist.Youm
ayselectuptoeightfieldstobedisplayedintheLibrarywindow.S
elect
"[Donotdisplay]"insteadofafieldnameifyouwanttoshowfewerthaneightfields.
4. Bydefault,thecolumnheadingintheLibrarywindowisthesameastheGenericnameofthefield(theFigurefieldisindicatedbyfig.,andtheFileAttachmentsfieldisindicatedbyapaperclipicon).Ifyouwouldliketochangethenameforthe
Librarywindowdisplay,y oumaydosobyenteringanewnameintheHeadingsectionnexttothechosenfield.
5. Ifyouwouldliketodisplayallauthornames undertheAuthorheadinginthelibraryreferencelist,ratherthanjustthefirst
author,selectthecheckboxnexttotheDisplayallauthorsintheAuthorfield.
6. ClickOKtosavethechangesandclosethePreferencesdialog.
Note: Thesesettingsa
pplytoalllibraries.
Reference List Sort Order

Bydefault,thereferenceslistedintheLibrarywindow areautomaticallysortedb
ortLibraryfromtheToolsmenu(seeSortingtheLibrary)orbyclickingthecolumn
headings.Whenyousortalibrary,thatsortorderisretainedevenafteryoucloseandreopenalibrary.Forexample:
Whenyousortthelibrary,charactersortingiscarriedoutaccordingt othelanguageandlocalsettingsofyouroperatingsystem
unlessyouspecifyadifferentlanguageintheSortOptionsdialog.Thisdetermineswhethera
plain"a"issortedbeforeorafter"".
EndNotedoesnotrememberthesortorderforallgroups.EndNotedisplaystheresultsofasearchintheorderinwhichtheyare
found.Similarly,a
fterimportingreferences,EndNotedisplaysthenewlyimportedreferencesintheorderinwhichtheywere
imported.Thisbehaviorgreatlyenhancesthespeedofthesetwofunctions.SelectingtheChoosingShowAllReferencesoption
fromtheR
eferencesmenureturnsallofthereferencest otheLibrarywindowandliststhemaccordingtothelastsortorders pecified.
Note:SeeSortOrder:BibliographiesandMultipleCitationsabouthowtosetthes ortorderforabibliographicstyle.S
eeSorting
PreferencesforinformationabouthavingEndNoteignorecertainw
ordsornameswhensortingreferences.
Navigating in the Reference List

Thereareanumberofwaystobrowsethroughyourreferences.
l ScrollthroughthelistofreferencesintheL
ibrarywindowbyclickingintheverticalscrollbarwiththemouse.
l UsetheUpandDownarrowkeystomoveupordownthereferencelist.
l Sortreferencesinthelistbyclickingonacolumnheading.Forexample,clicktheYearheadingtosortthereferencesby
descendingorascendingyear.
l Typealettertoselectthefirstmatchingreference.T
hematchingdependsontheorderinwhichthelibraryissorted.I fthe
libraryissortedbytheAuthorfield,typingaletterselectsthefirstreferenceinwhichtheauthorslastnamebeginswith
thatletter.
Forexample,typingtheletter"Z"selectstheZartmanreferenceinoursamplelibrarysinceZartmanisthefirstauthors
nametobeginwitha"Z."Typeseverallettersandtheselectionjumpstothefirstnamethatbegins withthosetypedletters.
Lettermatchingstartsoverafterahalf-secondpause.
l TheH omeandEndkeysgotothefirstorlastreferencerespectively.ThePageUpandPageDownkeysallowyouto
moveupordowntheReferencelist.
l Tofindspecificreferences,selectSearchLibraryf romtheToolsmenu.(SeeSearchingforReferencesformoreinformation.
Related Topics:
TheL
ibraryWindow
TheDisplayM
odes
ThePDFViewerPanel
TheGroups Panel
TheTabsPanel
The Search Panel

TheSearchpaneldisplaysatthetopoftheEndNotewindowregardlessofwhichlayoutoptionyouselectfromtheLayoutmenu
locatedintheright-handcorneroftheLibrarywindow.
TheShowSearchPanelandtheHideSearchPanelinthetopright-handcornerofthewindow allowsyoutoshoworhidethe
Searchpanel.
TobeginasearchofyourEndNotelibrary,selectthegroupofreferencesyouwanttosearchandthenselectSearchLibraryfrom
theToolsmenu.YoucanalsoclicktheShowSearchPanelbuttontodisplaytheSearchpanelandtheHideSearchPaneltohide
theSearchpanelfromview.
Tobeginasearchofanonlinedatabase,clickonthedatabasenameintheGroupspanelunderOnlineSearchorgototheTools
menuandselectOnlineSearch.
Search Line
AsearchlineincludesaLogicaloperator,thefieldtobesearchedfromtheFieldlist,theComparisonoperator,andablankfield
thatyouenteryoursearchterms.Usetheplusorminusbuttonstotherightofeachsearchlinetoinsertordeletealine.
Boolean Operator List

TheAND,OR,andNOToperatorsbetweenthesearchlinesindicateshowthesearchlinesaretobecombined.SeeC
ombining
SearchLineswithAND,O
R,andNOTOperators
Field List
TheFieldlistallowsyoutorestrictyoursearchtoaparticularfieldsucha
sAuthor,Year,orKeywordsorAnyField.Bydefault,
theFieldlistsa
resettosearchAuthor,thenYear,thenTitle.
YoucanalsorestrictyoursearchtoPDFfilesattachedtoareferencesb
yselectingthePDFoptionfromthefieldlist.TheAny
Field+P
DFoptionallowsyoutosearchanyfieldwithinareferenceandallP
DFfilesintheselectedgroupthatyouaresearching.
SeeRestrictingSearchestoS
pecificFieldsformoreinformation.
Comparison List
Selecta
nitemfromtheComparisonlisttoindicatehowthesearchtermshouldrelatetothefield(s)beingsearched.Fore
xample,
youcanfindreferencesinwhich:
l TheJournalfieldbeginswiththeterm"science"
l TheJournalfieldc ontains"science"anywhereinthefield
l ThefullJournaln
ameis"science"
SeeUsingC omparisonOperatorsformoreinformation.
Search Fields
Thesearchtermisthewordorphrasethatyouwanttolocateinareference.Enteryoursearchtermsinoneormoresearchfields.
UsetheOptionsbuttontoinsertaTaborCarriageReturninasearchline.
Asterisk ( * ) Wildcard
Expandyourlibraryretrievalresultsbyaddingwildcardsbeforeandafters earchterms.Theasteriskrepresentsanygroupofcharacters.
l FieldsandPDFfilescanbesearchedusingthea
steriskwildcard.
l Nominimumcharacterlengthisrequired.
l Stopwordsdonotapplysothetermsometh*inaqueryfindsthetermsomething.
Reminder:EndNotea
utomaticallyappliesleft-andright-handtruncationtoyoursearchterms.H
owever,youcanstillusethe
asterisk(*)wildcardbeforeandafterasearchterm.
Search Set List
Usethesearchsetlistabovethesearchfieldstospecifythesetofreferencestosearchandhowthesearchresultsshouldbe
combinedwithotherreferences intheL
ibrarywindow.Bydefault,EndNotesearchesthegroupofreferencescurrentlyd
isplayed
andshowsonlytheresultsofthesearch.
Match Case
Bydefault,EndNoteignorescapitalizationwhensearchingfortextinalibrary.Forexample,asearchforthetextp
aleontology
alsofindsPaleontology.
WhenyouselecttheMatchCaseoption,EndNotefindsrecordsinwhicht hesearchtermisspelledexactlyasyoutypeditina
searchfield.Forexample,ifyouenterAIDSa
ndyouselectMatchCase,EndNoteignoresthewords"aids"and"Aids"andf inds
onlytheacronymAIDS"
WhenyouselecttheMatchCaseoption,asearchforspecificdiacriticalm
arkssuchas,andwillmatchthoselettersexactly.
Thus,asearchf orrsumwillnotfind"resume."I fyouwanttofindallvariationsofaletter,deselecttheMatchCaseo
ption.
Match Words
WhenyouselecttheMatchWordsoption,EndNotefindsexactmatcheso
fthesearchtermratherthanpartial-wordmatches.For
example,asearchfortheterm statefindsreferencesw iththeword"state"whileignoringwordslike"statehood"or"understated."
Save Search and Load Search

IfyoufrequentlyusethesamesearchstrategiesontheSearchpanel,y oucanusetheOptionsbuttontosavethesesearchesand
laterloadthemw
henyouneedthem.SeeSavingS
earchStrategies.
Set Default and Restore Default
ClicktheOptionsbuttona
ndselectSetDefaulttosavetheconfigurationofa
lloftheitemsontheSearchpanelexceptforthe
searchterms.ClicktheOptionsbuttona
ndselectRestoreDefaultatanytimetoreturnthetabtothatconfiguration.SeeSearch
CommandT
ipsformoreinformation.
The Tabs Panel

TheTabspanelincludesthreetabs:Reference,Preview,andPDF.
YoucanchangethelayoutoftheLibrarywindowbyclickingtheLayoutbuttoninthelowerright-handcorneroftheLibrarywindow
todisplayamenu.Therearesevendifferentlayoutsfromwhichtochoose.SeeTheLibraryWindowforadescriptionofthesixlayoutoptions.
TochangetheheightoftheTabspanel,clickthebarthatseparatesitfromthereferencelist,anddragupordown.Whenthecursorisoverthisarea,itchangestoindicatethatyouareintherightplacetoresizethepanel.
The Reference Tab

SelecttheReferencetabfromtheEndNotewindowtoe
ditthecontentsofthehighlightedreferenceintheReferencepanel.
MostfunctionalityisthesameasworkingintheReferencewindow.Entertextinafieldbyclickingonthefield.Alleditcommands
areavailablev iathemenusincludingcontext-sensitivemenus.Right-click(Windows)inthereferencetodisplaycommonoptions
s uchasCut,Copy,andPaste.
Openthecontext-sensitivemenutoviewthefollowingoptions.
l Cut
l Copy
l Paste
l PastewithTextStyles
l Clear
l SelectAll
l GoTo...
l OpenTermLists
l SpellCheck
l FileAttachments
l FindFullText
l FindReferenceUpdates
l URL
l Figure
Navigation Keys
l TheTabkeyallowsyoutomovetothenextfieldintheReferencepanelinordertoeditafield'sc ontents.
l TheShift+Tabkeysa
llowyoutomovetothepreviousfieldwithintheReferencepanel.
l TheF6k eyallowsyoutonavigatefromtheGroupspanel(sidepanel),totheR
eferenceList,totheReferencepanel.
Note: IftheReferencew
indowisopen,theReferencetabisinread-onlymode.Youcannoteditthefields.OnlytheCopyand
SelectAlloptionsareavailablebyright-clickinginthepanel.Mostfeatures,however,withinthePDFViewerp
anelarestillavailable,suchasNextPage,PreviousPage,ZoomIn,ZoomO
ut,Copy,andPrint.
The Preview Tab

SelectthePreviewtab(orpressAlt+P)toviewtheformattedstyleoftheselectedreference.
Thepreviewdisplaystheselectedreferenceinyourcurrentstyle.Ifmultiplereferencesareselected,itdisplaysjustthelastone
inthes election.FieldswiththePreviewfeaturearenoteditable.Toeditthereference,openthereferenceintheReferencepanel
ortheReferencewindow.
Choosing the Current Style
ThePreviewpanelusesthecurrentstyle.Toselectanothers tyle:
l OntheMaintoolbar,usetheOutputStyleslisttoselectanews tyle.
l FromtheEditmenu,selectOutputStyles a
ndselectastyleinthelist.Thecheckmarknexttoastylenameindicatesthat
itisthecurrentstyle.
EndNoteprovidesover4,500styles.TheyareavailablefromtheStyleManager.GototheEditmenu,selectOutputStyles,and
thenselectOpenStyleManager.Markthestyleorstyles thatyouwouldliketoseeintheOutputS
tylesmenu.Youshouldnowbe
tyleManager.)
abletoselectthestylethatyouneedfromtheOutputStylesmenu.(Formoreinformation,seeTheS
YoucanalsoaddstylestothemenususingtheSelectAnotherStyleo
ptionfromthestylelistonthetoolbar.ChooseSelect
AnotherStyle,selectthestyle,andclickChoose.
Previewing Multiple References
ThePreviewtabdisplaysapreviewforonlyonereferenceatatimeformattedaccordingtothecurrentstyle.Topreviewmultiple
references:
1. Select(highlight)thereferencesintheLibraryw
indow.
2. FromtheEditmenu,s electCopyFormattedtocopytheformattedreferencestotheWindowsC lipboard.
3. UsetheWindowsC
lipboardViewertoviewthecontentsoftheC
lipboardorPastetheformattedreferencesintoaword
processordocument.
Using the Preview Feature to Display Notes or Abstracts

YoumayfinditusefultoconfiguretheLibrarywindowsothatthereferencelistdisplaysbibliographicdata(suchasauthor,year,
title,andjournal)andthePreviewtabdisplaysnotesorabstracts.Thatwouldallowy outobrowsethroughthereferencesinthe
Librarywindowwithouthavingtoopenindividualreferencestoseemoreaboutthem.
Togetthepreviewtodisplaynotesortheabstract,youwilln
eedtocreateacustomstyletoincludejustthosefields.SeePrinting
OnlytheNotesformoreinformation.
YoucanusetheShowAllFields styletodisplayallreferencefieldsonthePreviewtab.
The PDF Viewer Panel

SelectthePDFViewerPaneltoviewandannotateattachedP
DFfiles.
EndNoteallowsyoutoopen,preview,andannotatePDFfileswithintheP
DFViewerpanel.Selectareferencefromthereference
library,andthens electalayoutfromtheLayoutmenutoviewaPDFfile.
IfnoPDFfilesareattachedtothereference,EndNotedisplaysamessageinthePDFViewerpanel.Inthisinstance,youcan
beginattachingP
DFstothereferencebyclickingtheAttachFilebutton,andthens electingA
ttachFilefromthemenu.
Related Topics:
TheLibraryWindow
ThePDFViewerPanel
TheReferenceL
istPanel
Creating Libraries
Creating a New Library
Althoughyoucancreateasmanylibrariesasyoulike,westronglyrecommendthatyoukeepallofyourreferencestogetherinone
mainEndNotelibrary.H
avingallofthereferencesyouneedinoneplaceavoidsunnecessaryc omplexitywhenyouarewriting
papers,creatingbibliographies,ormovingfilesbetweencomputers.Insteadofmakingdifferent"specialty"libraries,youwillfind
itmoreusefultocreateonelibraryanduseG
roups tohelpyouorganizeandcategorizeyourreferences.Youcanalsou
setheKeywordandLabelfieldstoassigntermstoreferences,andeasilya
ssignthemtoasmartgrouporfindthemwithEndNotesSearch
andSortR
eferencescommands.
Tocreatealibrary:
1. FromtheFilemenu,selectNew.
EndNotepresentsadialogpromptingyoutonameandsavethenewlibrary.
2. Enteranameforyournewlibrary.Ify ouincludeanextension,usetheextension"ENLwhichstands forEndNoteL
ibrary."
Ifyoudonotincludeanextension,EndNotewilladd".ENLautomatically.
3. Usingthe"Savein"list,selectthelocationwhereyouwouldliketosavet helibrary.
4. ClickSaveandthenewlibraryappearsasanemptyEndNotelibrary,"Showing0outof0references.
Note:Ondisk,eachEndNotelibraryismadeupofbothan.ENLfileanda.DATAfolder.
Nowthatyouhavecreatedanewlibrary,youcanbeginenteringreferencesintoit.Thefollowingtopicsillustratethedifferent
waystoaddreferencestoanEndNotelibrary:
l CreatingaNewReferenced
iscusseshowtoenterindividualreferencesmanually.
l QuickOverviewofOnlineDatabaseSearchingdescribeshowtoconnectdirectlytoonlinedatabasesandretrievereferences
fromthem.
l GeneralImportingInstructionsshowsyouhowtoimportreferencesthatyouhavepreviouslydownloadedfromonlinebibliographicdatabases.
Ifyouhavejustcreatedalibrarythatwillbethemainlibrarythaty ouuse,youcansetittoopenautomaticallyeverytimeyoustart
EndNoteb
ysettingittobeyour"favoritelibrary"(seeSettingaFavoriteLibrary).
Related Topics:
ClosingaLibrary
DeletingaL
ibrary
MultipleP
eopleOpeningOneLibrary
SavingaCompressedCopyofaLibrary
Savinga
CopyofaLibrary
Settinga
FavoriteLibrary
Saving a Copy of a Library

EndNoteautomaticallysaveschangestoyourlibraryasyouworkwithit,sothereisnoSaveorSaveAscommandforthelibrary.
Youcan,however,u
setheSaveaCopycommandtocreateanexactcopyofyourlibrary.
Tocreateacopyofyourlibrary:
1. Withalibraryopen,selectSaveaCopyfromtheF
ilemenu.
2. Namethenewlibraryandchoosewheretosaveit.
3. ClickSaveandEndNotecreatesacopyofthelibrary.
Thenewlibrarydoesnotopen,itissimplysavedtodisk,whereyouc anthenopenitwithEndNote.EndNoteleavesyouroriginal
libraryopena
sitwasbeforethecommandwaschosen.
Note:T
heSaveaCopycommandcreatesa[libraryname].ENLfileaswellasa[libraryname].DATAfolderforthenewlibrary,
andcopies allnecessaryfilesandfigurestoit.
Related Topics:
ClosingaLibrary
Creatinga
NewLibrary
DeletingaL
ibrary
MultipleP
Savinga
CompressedCopyofaLibrary
Settinga
FavoriteLibrary
Saving a Compressed Copy of a Library

YoucansaveanEndNotelibrary(thefilename.enlfile,itsassociated.DATAfolder,andallofitscontents)toasinglec ompressedfilecalledSample_Library_X6.enlxinordertobackupyourlibraryorsendacopytoacolleague.Later,youcanrestore
thec ompressedlibrarywithEndNote.
Creating a Compressed Library File
1. OpenthelibraryinEndNote.
2. FromtheFilemenu,selectCompressedLibrary(.enlx)todisplayaCompressedLibrarydialog.
3. Usetheradiobuttonstodeterminetheseoptions:
l SpecifywhetheryouwanttoCreateacompressedlibraryortoCreate&Emailthelibrary.
l Specifywhetheryouwanttosavefileattachmentswiththelibraryo
rnot.
l Specifywhetheryouwanttosaveallreferencestothecompressedlibrary,onlytheselected(highlighted)references,or
onlythereferencesinaspecificgrouporgroupset.
l ClickN
exttodisplayafiledialog.
4. Savethecompressedlibrary(defaultnameisSample_Library_X6.enlx)toafolderonyourharddrive.Youcanrenamethefile
namebutyoucannotusethefollowingcharacters.
Invalid characters for naming a compressed library
\
/
:
*
?
"
<
>
|
(backs lash)
(forwards lash)
(colon)
(asterisk)
(questionm
ark)
(quotationm
ark)
(lessthan)
(greaterthan)
(verticalb
ar)
5. IfyouselectedtheCreate&Emailoption,EndNotewilllaunchyourdefaultemailsystem,createa
newemail,andattach
thecompressedlibraryfiletotheemail.
Enteradditionalinformationtotheemail,suchasarecipient,subject,a
ndmessage.ClicktheSendbutton.
Restoring a Compressed Library File
1. UseEndNote(versionXorlater)toopenthefilename.enlxfile,whichwillextractthe.ENLfileandthe.DATAfoldertothe
samefolderwherethe.enlxfileislocated.
2. UseEndNotetoopenthefilename.enlfileasyounormallywouldtousethelibrary.
Setting a Favorite Library

EndNoteallowsyoutospecifythelibrariesthatyouwanttoopenautomaticallyw henEndNotestartsup.Wecallthesethe"favorite"libraries.
Youdonotneedtoselectafavoritelibrary.Bydefault,EndNotewillo
penthelastusedlibrary.
Toassignorchangethefavoritelibrary:
1. Openthelibrary(orlibraries)thatyouwouldliketosetasyourfavorite.(Youmusthavealibraryopeninordertosetitas
yourfavoritelibrary.)
2. FromtheEditm
enu,selectPreferences,andthenselectLibraries.
3. Inthedrop-downlistatthetopofthewindow,select"Openthespecifiedlibraries".
4. ClickAddOpenLibrariesandallofthecurrentlyopenlibrarieswillbeaddedtothelistoffavoritelibrariesthats houldopen
everytimeEndNotestarts.
5. ClickO
KtosaveyourchangesandclosethePreferences dialog.
Toremovealibraryfromthelistoffavoritelibraries:
1. FromtheEditmenu,selectPreferencesandselectLibrariesfromthelistofoptions.
2. SelectthelibrarythatyouwouldliketoremovefromthelistoffavoritelibrariesandclickRemoveLibrary.
3. ClickO
KtosaveyourchangesandclosethePreferences dialog.
Opening, Closing, Moving, Deleting Libraries

Closing a Library
Toclosealibrary,dooneofthefollowing:
l FromtheFilemenu,selectCloseLibrary.
l TypeCtrl+WorCtrl+F4whentheLibrarywindow isactive.
l ClicktheClosebuttoninthetoprightc orneroftheLibrarywindow.
l TypeC trl+Shift+Wtocloseallopenlibraries.
EndNoteautomaticallysavestheinformationinyourlibrarywhenyouc loseeachreference.Asaresult,closingthelibrarydoes
notinvokethefamiliar"Savechanges?"question.Instead,theLibraryw
indowsimplydisappears,asallchangeshavealready
beensaved.
ClosingalibrarydoesnotquittheEndNoteprogram.Ifyouwanttoq
uitfromEndNote,s electExitfromtheFilemenuandany
openlibrariesaresavedandclosedautomatically.
Deleting a Library
YoucandeleteanEndNotelibraryinoneoftwoways.
OneoptionistoexitEndNotea
nddeletethelibraryfileanditsassociated.DATAfolderbydraggingtheiconstotheRecycleBin
ontheWindowsdesktop.
TodeletealibraryfromwithinE
ndNote:
1. Closethelibrary,butkeepEndNoteopen.
2. Fromt heFilemenu,selectOpenandthenOpenLibrary.
3. Inthefiledialog,highlightthelibraryname.enlf ile,right-clickyourmouse,andclickDelete.
4. Next,h
ighlightthelibraryname.DATAfolder,right-clickyourmouse,andclickDelete.
5. ClickC
anceltoclosethefiledialog.
Moving a Library
EachEndNotelibrarycanbeindependentlymovedusingtheWindowsExplorer.W
henmovingalibrary,werecommendthatyou
moveboththemain.ENLfileandthe.DATAfolder.
Ifyoumovean.ENLfilewithoutmovingthecorresponding.DATAfolder,E
ndNotewilltrytorecreatethe.DATAfoldertoaccompanythe.ENLfilethenexttimeyoutrytoopenthe.ENLfile.However,youmaylosedata,includingPDFfileattachments,terms
lists,andevenreferenceinformation.
EndNotewilldisplayanAlertwhenyoutrytoopenthe.ENLfilewithoutthecorresponding.DATAfolderthatreads:
Areyousureyouwouldliketoc ontinueopeningtheEndNotelibrarywithouttheassociated.Datafolder?
YouareattemptingtoopenanEndNoteLibrarywithoutitsassociated.DataFolder.Thisisnotrecommendedbecauseit
mayresultinthelossofdataincluding,butnotlimitedto:referenceinformation,fileattachments,andtermlists.
Inordertopreventthelossofdatay oushouldlocatetheoriginal.Datafolderandcopyittothes amelocationastheEndNotelibraryyouareattemptingtoopen.The.DatafolderwascreatedinthesamedirectoryinwhichtheEndNotelibrary
wasoriginallycreated.
WerecommendthatyouclickCancelandgofindandmoveyouroriginal. DATAfolderbeforeattemptingtoopenamovedlibrary.
See Also: ImportantPointsaboutLibraries
Multiple People Opening One Library

EndNotedoesnotperformrecordlockingfunctionsthatwouldallowmultipleu
serstoeditonelibraryatthesametime.However,
multipleuserscana
ccess oneEndNotelibrarysimultaneouslyaslongasthelibraryisrestrictedtoread-onlyorlockedstatus.
Thiswillallowtheusertoperformsearches,c opyinformationtotheirdocuments,andformattheirpapers.UseW
indowsExplorer
tochangethePropertiesofyourEndNotelibrary;selecttheRead-Onlyattributeforthe.ENLfileandthe.DATAfolder.
ThesimplestwaytosetupanEndNotelibraryforsharednetworkaccess istousethenetworkssystemoffilepermissionsto
controlthetypeo
faccess allowedforusersandgroups.Exceptforthepersonwhopoststhedatabase,grantallusersread-only
access.
Onepersonshouldbeassignedtheresponsibilityformaintainingandu
pdatingthelibraryataseparatelocation;thisusershould
begrantedfullaccesstothefile.Then,periodicallyposttheupdatedlibraryonthenetworkforallotherusers,withread-only
access.
Opening a Library
ToopenalibrarywhentheEndNoteprogramisalreadyrunning,selectOpenfromFilemenuandselectO
penLibrary. Ifyouhave
previouslyopenedalibrary,EndNotew illlistthatlibrarynamebelowtheOpenL
ibrarycommand;y oucansimply selectthelibrary
nametoopenitdirectly,andskipthed
ialogshownbelow.
WhenyouselecttheOpenLibraryc ommand,EndNotedisplaysafiledialog.
Bydefault,thisdialogdisplaysallfileswiththeextensionENL,ENLX,orLIB.Ifyourlibrarynamehasadifferentextension,you
shouldchangetheFilesofTypeoptiontoAllfiles(*.*).Ifyourlibraryislistedinthedialog,selectitandclickOpen.Ify ourlibrary
isnotlistedthere,thenitisprobablysavedinadifferentp
laceonyourharddriveorremovabledisk.
Tolocatealibrary:
1. Clickthe"Lookin"listandselecttheletterofthedriveonw
hichyourlibraryisstored.
2. Selectthefolderthatcontainsyourlibraryandc lickOpen.Ifyourlibraryiswithinseveralfolders,continuetoo
peneach
folderuntilyoulocatethelibrary.
3. Whenyouseeyourlibrary,selectitandthenclickO
pen.
Whenyouopenacompressedlibrary(withtheextension.ENLX),EndNoteuncompressedthefilesandopenstheu
ncompressed
version(withtheextension.ENL).
Recovering a Damaged Library

Occasionallycomputerfilesgetdamaged.IfanEndNotelibrarygetsd
amaged,youmaygetanerrormessagewhentryingtoopen
itorworkwiththereferences.Thebestwaytoprotectyourselffromdamagedfilesistomakeregularbackupcopiesofyourimportantdocuments(seeBackingU
pYourEndNoteFiles).IfyoudonothaveabackupcopyofadamagedE
ndNotelibrary,youcan
usetheRecoverLibrarycommandtorepairthedamagedfile.
TorepairadamagedEndNotelibrary:
1. Closethelibraryifitiscurrentlyopen.
2. FromtheToolsmenu,selectRecoverLibrary.Readt heinformationabouttheRecoverLibrarycommand,andclickOK.
3. Inthedialogthatappears,locateandselectthelibrarythatneedstoberepaired,andclickOpen.
4. EndNotecreatesacopyofthelibrarywiththes uffix"-Saved"addedtothename.Forexample,ifyouwererepairinga
librarycalled"References"theoriginallibraryw
ouldremainuntouchedandanew,repairedlibrarycalled"References-
Saved"wouldbecreatedinthesamelocation.
Oncethenewlibraryhasbeensaved,youshouldbeabletoopenitandu
seitinplaceofthedamagedlibrary.
Note:TheRecoverL
ibrarycommandalsocreatesanewDATAfolder.Ifyourenametherecoveredlibrarytotheoriginallibrary
name,remembertoalsorenametheDATAfoldertomatch.
Differences Between Saved Libraries & the Original
ThepurposeoftheRecoverLibrarycommandistorecoverasmanyreferencesfromtheoriginallibraryaspossible.Thismeans
thatitmayalsorecoverreferencesthathadpreviouslybeendeletedfromthelibrary,butnoty etpurgedfromthefileitself.Ifthere
aremorereferencesrecoveredinthesavedlibrarythanexistedatthetimetheoriginallibrarywasd
amaged,itmeansthatEndNotewasabletoreconstructreferencesthathadrecentlybeendeleted.Thesereferencesmustbedeletedagain.
Termlistsarenotrecoveredwiththelibrary.Consequently,youwillneedtorebuildeachtermlistbyselectingDefineTermLists
fromtheT
oolsmenu,highlightingthelist,andthenclickingUpdateListtofillthetermlistwiththetermsusedinyourlibrary.
Imagescannotberepaired,butaresimply copiedfromtheoriginallibrarysD
ATAfoldertothenewDATAfolder.
Merging Libraries
Copying References in Libraries
YoucanalsousetheCopyandPastecommandsintheEditmenutotransferreferences.Selectthereferencesthatyouwantto
copyandselectCopy(Ctrl+C)fromtheEditmenu.OpenthelibrarytowhichyouwanttoaddthereferencesandselectPaste
(Ctrl+V).
Importing EndNote Libraries

TheadvantageofusingtheImportcommandtocombinelibrariesisitsabilitytofilteroutduplicatereferencesduringtheimport
operation.
Note:Beforemerginglibraries,itisagoodideatomakeabackupcopyofthelibraryintow
hichyouaretransferringreferences.
ToimportanEndNotelibraryintoanEndNotelibrary:
1. (Optional)Ifyouwanttoimportonlyasubseto
freferencesfromalibrary,firstopenthatlibraryandshowonlyt hereferencesyouwishtocopy.Forexample,ifthelibrarysays," Showing10outof200references,"EndNoteimportsonly1
0
references.Ifthelibraryyouareimportingislockedorin"Read-Only"m
ode,allreferencesareimportedregardlessofwhat
iscurrentlys howing.
2. Openthelibraryintowhichyouwanttoimportthereferences.
3. FromtheFilemenu,selectImport.
4. ClicktheChooseF
ilebuttontolocateandopenthelibraryyouwanttoimport.SelectthefileandclickOK.
5. FromtheImportOptionslist,selectEndNoteLibrary.
6. SelectanoptionfromtheDuplicateslist:
l Import All:Importsthereferences,includingduplicates.
l Discard Duplicates:I mportsthereferences,exceptduplicates.
l Import into Duplicates Library:Duplicatereferencesareimportedintoa
librarycalledFile-Dupl.enl,where"File"isthe
nameofthelibraryintowhichyouareimporting.
Bydefault,areferenceisconsidereda
duplicatewhentheAuthor,Year,Title,andReferenceTypematchareferencea
lreadyin
thelibrary.SeeDuplicatesP
referencesifyouwouldliketochangetheduplicatescriteria.
7. SettheTextTranslationoptiontoNoTranslation.Extendedcharacters,savedasUnicodeinEndNote,willtransfercorrectly.
8. ClickImporttoimportthefile.
Note:ThetimerequiredtoimportanEndNotelibraryisproportionatetothesizeoft helibrary.Refertotheprogressindicatorto
determinewhenEndNoteh
ascompletedthetask.
Whentheimportiscomplete,onlynewlyimportedreferencesdisplayintheLibrarywindow.ThisisaperfecttimetoaddakeywordtoeachimportedreferencewiththeChangeF
ieldcommand,ortoperusetheimporteddatatomakesureitimporteda
s
expected.Makesuretocheckreferencesthatcontainextendedcharacters.
Toreturnallofyourreferencestothelibrarydisplay(includingthen
ewlyimportedones),selectShowAllReferencesfromtheReferencesmenu.
Related Topics:
CopyingR
eferencesinLibraries
GeneralImportingInstructions
MergingLibraries
UsingD
ragandDrop
Merging Libraries
Therearethreewaystomergelibraries:importo
nelibraryintoanother,copyreferencesfromonelibrarytoanother,ordrag-anddrop.
Anytimeyouaddreferencestoalibrary,thenewlyaddedreferencesa
reassignednewrecordnumbersintheorderthattheyare
addedtothelibrary.Thismeansthatareferencethatwas#23inasmallerlibrary,c ouldbecome#600inalargerlibrary.Asa
result,youcannotusethelarger,mergedlibrarytoformatpapersthathavecitationswiththeolderrecordnumbers.
Note:Beforemerginglibraries,itisagoodideatomakeabackupcopyofthelibraryintow
hichyouaretransferringreferences.
Using Drag and Drop

Tocopyspecificreferencesfromonelibrarytoanother,simplyselecttheminonelibrary(holddowntheCtrl()keytoselectnon-
consecutivereferences;usetheShiftk eytoselectarange),clickonanypartoftheselectionandusethem
ousetodragthe
selectiontoanotherlibrary.Theselectedreferencesa
recopiedtothelibrarywheretheyweredropped.
Converting Reference Manager Libraries to EndNote

Converting a Reference Manager Database to EndNote
EndNotecaneasilyconvertReferenceManagerdatabasestoEndNotedatabases.T
heoriginalReferenceManagerdatabaseis
leftintactwhilereferencesarecopiedandconverted.
Note:ThisfeatureisavailabletousersofReferenceM
anager,versions11and12.
Whileeveryefforthasbeenm
adetomapReferenceManagerreferencetypestocorrespondingEndNotereferencetypesandReferenceManagerfields tocorrespondingEndNotefields,youmaywanttomakes omeadjustmentsbyusingtheFieldMappingtool
duringtheconversionprocess.Alternatively,youcanmakechangestoreferencetypesinaReferenceManagerdatabasebefore
convertingthedatabasetoEndNote.
ToconvertaReferenceManagerdatabasetoanEndNotelibrary:
1. FromtheFilemenu,selectOpen>OpenLibrarytodisplayaSelectaReferenceLibrarydialog.
2. Atthebottomofthedialog,selectReferenceManagerDatabases(*.RMD)fromthe"Fileso
ftype"menu.
3. Usethefiledialogtonavigatetothefolderthatc ontainstheReferenceManagerdatabasethatyouwanttoconverttoEndNote.Highlightthedatabasename,andthenclickt heOpenbutton.
A"ConvertReferenceManagerDatabase"dialogwillappearthatletsyouknowthatthedatabasemustbeconvertedfor
use.
4. Youcaneither:
l ClickConverttoproceedwiththeconversion.ThisoptionallowsEndNotetoautomaticallyconvertReferenceManagerreferencetypesandfieldstoEndNote.ItalsoleavesallfileattachmentsstoredinReferenceManagerreferencesintheiroriginallocation.
l ClickCustomizeifyouwanttomodifythemappingofindividualReferenceManagerreferencetypestoEndNotereference
typesandR eferenceManagerfieldstoEndNotefields.Thisoptionisusefulifyouhavec reatedcustomizedreference
typesinReferenceManager.
UsethetoppanelofthedialogtomapeachreferencetypetoacorrespondingE
ndNotereferencetype.Whenyouhighlight
asettinginthetoppanelo
fthedialog,youcanchangethefieldmappingforthatreferencetypeinthebottompanelofthe
dialog.ClickOKtosavechangestot hemapping.SeeMappingReferenceManagerR
eferenceTypesandFields toEndNoteforalistofreferencetypes.
ClicktheResettoDefaultMapbuttonifyouwanttodiscardyourchangesandreturntothedefaultmappingset.
ClickOKtosaveyourchangeswhenyouarefinishedusingtheFieldM
appingtool.
5. ClicktheConvertbuttonifyoudonothaveanyadditionalchangestomake.
6. Onthe"SaveConvertedLibraryas"d
ialog,givethenewEndNotelibraryaname(thedefaultfilenameisthesamea
sthe
oldReferenceManagerfilename).
Aftertheconversioncompletes,EndNotedisplaysa"ConvertReferenceManagerDatabase"dialog.ClickYesifyouwanttoconvertyourfileattachmentstorelativelinks.ClickNotoretainyourfileattachmentsasabsolutelinks.
Note:EachEndNotelibraryismadeupofbothan.ENLfileanda.DATAfolder.Eachlibrarycanbeindependentlymoved,copied,renamedordeletedaftertheconversionprocessu
singtheW
indowsExplorer.Alwaysmove,c opy,renameordeleteboth
themain.ENLfileandthe.DATAfolder;otherwise,youcanlosereferencedata.
Note:TheCancelbuttonallowsyoutoc anceltheentireconversionprocess.TheReferenceManagerdatabaseisnotconverted
andcannotbeopenedinE
ndNote.
Converting Reference Manager File Attachments to EndNote

DuringtheconversionofyourReferenceManagerdatabase,EndNotelooksforeachreferencesfileattachmentsintheabsolute
pathsprovidedbyReferenceManager.
IfEndNotefindsthefileintheabsolutepathprovided,thentheattachmentissuccessfullyaddedtothereferenceinEndNote.
IfEndNotec annotfindthefileintheabsolutepathprovided,thenyouwillbepromptedtobrowsefortheattachment.
1. FromtheAttachmentNotFounddialog,c licktheChooseFilebutton.
2. Navigatetothefolderonyourharddrivew
hereyouhavestoredyourattachments andselectthespecificfile.
3. ClickOKtoproceedwiththeconversion.NotethattheOKbuttonisinactiveuntilyous electafileorfigureattachment.
Note:YoucannoteditthefilepaththatappearsintheFileLocationfieldontheAttachmentNotFounddialog.
WARNING:Ifyouareunabletofindthefileattachment,thenclicktheSkiporSkipAllbutton.ThiswillclosetheAttachmentNot
FounddialogandthefilepathwillbeusedtocreateaFileAttachmentinEndNoteeventhoughthefileisnotlocatedatthepath
provided.
Converting Absolute Links to Relative Links

Aftertheconversioncompletes,thenewlibraryopensinEndNote.A
lldocumentandfigurefilesappearintheFileAttachments
fieldw
ithinanEndNotereference.Moveyourcursoroveraparticularfilet odisplaysatooltipthatshowsthefullpath(absolute
path)ofthefilelocation.
InEndNote,youcaneasily changeanabsolutepathtoarelativepathf oreachreferencewithinalibrarylist.
1. Select(highlight)eachreferencecontainingf ileattachments.
Youcaneasilysortallrecordswithfileattachmentsb
yclickingthepaperclipthatappearsinthePaperClipc olumnofthe
Librarywindow.
2. FromtheReferencesmenu,selectFileAttachments>ConverttoRelativeLinks.
3. ClickOKwhenthemessageappears.
Thefolderpathforallattachmentsarequicklyconvertedtorelativelinksinwhichonlythefilenamedisplayswhenyouhoveryour
cursoroverthefile.
boutabsolutepathversusrelative
SeeSelectingaR elativePathoranAbsolutePathforFileAttachments formoreinformationa
path.
Converting Reference Manager File Attachments to EndNote

DuringtheconversionofyourReferenceManagerdatabase,EndNotelooksforeachreferencesfileattachmentsintheabsolute
pathsprovidedbyReferenceManager.
IfEndNotefindsthefileintheabsolutepathprovided,thentheattachmentissuccessfullyaddedtothereferenceinEndNote.
IfEndNotec annotfindthefileintheabsolutepathprovided,thenyouwillbepromptedtobrowsefortheattachment.
1. FromtheAttachmentNotFounddialog,c licktheChooseFilebutton.
2. Navigatetothefolderonyourharddrivew
hereyouhavestoredyourattachments andselectthespecificfile.
3. ClickOKtoproceedwiththeconversion.NotethattheOKbuttonisinactiveuntilyous electafileorfigureattachment.
Note:YoucannoteditthefilepaththatappearsintheFileLocationfieldontheAttachmentNotFounddialog.
WARNING:Ifyouareunabletofindthefileattachment,thenclicktheSkiporSkipAllbutton.ThiswillclosetheAttachmentNot
FounddialogandthefilepathwillbeusedtocreateaFileAttachmentinEndNoteeventhoughthefileisnotlocatedatthepath
provided.
Related Topics
ConvertReferenceManager DatabasetoEndNote
MappingReferenceManager ReferenceTypesandFieldstoEndNote
SelectingaRelativePathoranAbsolutePathforFileAttachments
Mapping Reference Manager Reference Types and Fields to EndNote

WhenyouuseEndNotetoconvertaReferenceManagerdatabase,R
eferenceManagerreferencetypesaremappedtoEndNote
referencet ypesasshowninthetablebelow.YoucanoverridethesedefaultsettingswhenyouconverttheReferenceManager
database.Fromthetoppanel,selectanEndNotereferencetypefromtheEndNotelist.
Reference Type Mapping Table

ThetablebelowliststheReferenceManagerandthecorrespondingEndNotereferencetypes.Thesearethedefaultvaluesfor
bothdatabases.
Reference Type Mapping Table
Reference Manager
Reference Types
Generic
Abstract
ArtWork
AudiovisualMaterial
Bill/Resolution
BookChapter
Book,Whole
Case
Catalog
ComputerProgram
ConferenceProceeding
DataFile
EditedBook
ElectronicCitation
Grant
Hearing
InPress
InternetCommunication
Journal(Full)
Journal
MagazineArticle
Map
MotionPicture
MusicScore
Newspaper
OnlineSource
Pamphlet
Patent
PersonalCommunication
Report
Serial(Book,Monograph)
Slide
SoundRecording
Statute
Thesis/Dissertation
UnenactedBill/Resolution
UnpublishedWork
VideoRecording
EndNote
Reference Types
Generic
JournalArticles
Artwork
AudiovisualM
aterial
Bill
BookS
ection
Book
Case
Catalog
ComputerP
rogram
ConferenceP
roceedings
Dataset
EditedBook
ElectronicA
rticle
Grant
Hearing
JournalA
rticle
JournalA
rticle
JournalA
rticle
MagazineA
rticle
Map
Filmo
r Broadcast
Music
NewspaperA
rticle
WebPage
Pamphlet
Patent
Report
Serial
AudiovisualM
aterial
AudiovisualMaterial
Statute
Thesis
Bill
UnpublishedW
ork
Filmor Broadcast
Note:SeealsoListofReferenceTypesforacompletelistofEndNotereferencetypes.
Field Mapping Table

Asmuchaspossible,ReferenceManagerfields aremappedtocorrespondingEndNotefields.YoucanoverridethesedefaultsettingswhenyouconverttheReferenceManagerdatabase.Fromthebottompanel,selectanEndNotefieldfromtheEndNotelist.
Insomeinstances,thelistofR eferenceManagerfields foraselectedreferencetypemaycontain"dashes"thataremappedto
theNotesfieldintheEndNotefieldscolumn.ThisoccursduringtheconversionwhenaReferenceManagerfielddoesnotexistin
theincomingreferencetype,andthus,appearsasadashedlineintheReferenceManagerFields panel.
Thesearethedefaultvaluesforbothdatabases.
Field Mapping Table
Reference Manager Fields
Title,primary
Authors,primary
Datesprimary
Notes
Keywords
Reprint
StartSection
EndSection
Periodical
------- -Title/CodeNum
------- --------- --------- --Code
------- --UserDef1
UserDef2
UserDef3
UserDef4
UserDef5
History
------- --Abstract
ISSN/ISBN
Availability
Date
------- -----------UNIQUEID(DOI)
Address
Web/URL
FileAttachments
LinktoFull-text
RelatedLinks
Image(s)
EndNote Fields
Title
Author
Date
Notes
Keywords
Notes
Section
Section
SecondaryTitle
Notes
Volume
Notes
Notes
Notes
SecondaryTitle
Notes
Notes
Notes
Notes
Notes
Notes
OriginalPublication
Notes
Abstract
Notes
DatabaseProvider
AccessDate
Notes
Notes
DOI
AuthorAddress
URL
FileAttachments
URL
URL
Figure
Special Field Mapping Conditions

WhiletheEndNoteconversiontoolallowsyoutomakechangestomostofthereferencetypesandfieldmappings,thereare
somespecialmappingsthatyoucannotmodify.Theyinclude:
l TheREFIDfieldinReferenceManageralwaysmapstotheLabelfieldinEndNote.
l TheEndPagefieldinReferenceManagermapstothePagesorSectionfieldinEndNotedependingonthereferencetype.
Note: Ifthereceivingfieldalreadycontainsdata,thenEndNoteappendstheEndPagedatawithaprecedingd
ash
characterinordertocreateranges.F
orexample:123-128
l AnyReferenceManagerfieldthatmapstotheDatefieldinEndNote:
o Forallreferencetypes(exceptConferenceP
roceeding,ElectronicCitation,Grant,andPatent),yeardatais
copiedtotheYearfieldinEndNote.
l IntheConferenceProceedingreferencetype,whentheReferenceManagerPubDate[Date,Primary]fieldismappedtothe
YearPublished[Custom2]fieldinEndNote,anyyearinformationiscopiedtotheYearPublished[Custom2]fieldinEndNote
andthecompletefieldinformationiscopiedtoNotes.
l IntheElectronicC itationreferencetype,whentheReferenceManagerLastUpdated[Date,Primary]fieldismappedtothe
E-PubDate[Section]fieldinEndNote,anyyearinformationiscopiedtotheYearfieldinEndNote.
l IntheGrantreferencetype,whenReferenceManagerPubDate[Date,Primary]fieldismappedtotheYearfieldinEndNote,
anyyearinformationiscopiedtoYearandthecompletefieldinformationiscopiedtoNotes.
l IntheOnlineSourcereferencetype,whenReferenceManagerAccessDate[DateSecondary]fieldismappedtothe
AccessDate[Number]fieldinEndNote,anyyearinformationiscopiedtotheAccessYear[Volume]fieldinEndNote.
l InthePatentreferencetype,whenReferenceManagerDateIssued[Date,Primary]fieldismappedtotheIssueDate[Custom
2]fieldinEndNote,anyyearinformationiscopiedtotheYearfieldinEndNote.
l FortheJournalreferencesinReferenceManager:
o IftheConferenceTitle[Title,secondary]inReferenceManagercontainsdata,thereferencewillnotconvert
usingtypicalJournalfieldmappings.EndNotemapsasappropriateforaConferencePaper.
l ForThesis/DissertationreferencesinReferenceManager:
o IfthePeriodicalfieldinReferenceManagercontainsdata,thereferencewillnotconvertusingtypicalThesis/Dissertationreferencetypemappings.EndNotewillusemappingssimilartothoseforaJournal.
Related Topics:
ConvertReferenceManager DatabasetoEndNote
ListofReferenceT ypes
Importing a Reference Manager Library to EndNote

TouseaReferenceManagerdatabasewithEndNote,youmustfirstexportthereferencestoatextfileandthenimportfromthe
textfileintoanEndNotelibrary.
Note:UsethismethodofimportingReferenceManagerdatabases(version10andunder)toEndNote.
Note:ToconvertReferenceManagerd
atabases(versions11and12)toEndNote,s eeConvertingaReferenceManagerDatabasetoEndNote.
ToconvertaReferenceManagerdatabasetoanEndNotelibrary:
1. ExportyourReferenceManagerreferences toatextfile:
2. OpenReferenceManagerandthedatabaseyouwanttoconvert.
3. FromtheFilemenu,selectExport.
4. SelecttheRISexportformat,andthenselectAllR eferences.
5. Exporttoatextfile.
6. StartEndNoteandopenorcreatethelibrarytoc ontaintheimportedreferences.
8. ClickChooseFile,andthenselectthetextfiley oucreated.
9. NexttoImportOption,selecttheRefMan(RIS)importfilter.
10. ClickImport.
Sharing and Converting Libraries to EndNote

Creating a Library from ProCite
EndNotecaneasilyconvertP
roCitedatabasestoEndNotelibraries.TheoriginalProCitedatabaseisleftintact;referencesare
copiedandconverted.
Whileeveryefforthasbeenm
adetomapProCiteworkformstocorrespondingEndNotereferencetypes,andProCitefieldstocorrespondingEndNotefields,youmaywishtomakes omeadjustments.TherearesomeProCitefields,suchasConnectivePhrase
a
ndAuthorRole,thatdonothaveanequivalentEndNotefield;textfromthesefieldswilltransferintotheNotesfield.Asyougo
throughthec onversionprocess,youaregiventheoptiontoCustomizetheworkforma
ndfieldmapping.
Note:C
ustomProCiteworkformsdonotconverttospecificEndNotereferencetypes,andaredisplayedasaGenericEndNote
reference.Youshouldeitherg
loballychangetheworkformassignmentinProCitebeforeconversion,o
r,duringconversion,click
theCustomizebuttontomapcustomworkformstoEndNotereferencetypes.
ToconvertaProCitedatabasetoanEndNotelibrary:
1. FromtheFilemenu,selectOpen>OpenLibrarytodisplayafiledialog.
2. Atthebottomofthedialog,nextto"Fileso
ftype,"usethedrop-downlisttoselect"ProCitedatabase(*pdt).
3. Usethefiledialogtonavigatetothefolderthatc ontainstheProCitedatabase,highlightthedatabasename,andclick
Open.
Amessagewillletyouknowthatthedatabasemustbeconvertedforuse.
4. Youcaneither:
l ClickConverttoproceedwiththeconversion,or
l ClickCustomizeifyouwishtomodifythemappingofProCiteworkformstoEndNotereferencetypesandProCitefieldsto
EndNotefields.
UsethetophalfofthedialogtomapeachworkformtoacorrespondingE
ndNotereferencetype.Whenyouhighlightasettinginthetophalfo
fthedialog,youcanchangethefieldmappingforthatreferencetypeinthebottomhalfofthedialog.
ClickOKtosavechangestothemapping.
5. Onthe"SaveConvertedLibraryas"filedialog,givethenewEndNotelibraryaname(thedefaultisthesamea
stheoldProCitename),selectafolder,andclickSave.
EndNotewillconvertthelibrary.Whentheconversioniscomplete,thelibrarywillopeninEndNote.
TouseaProCitedatabasewithEndNote,youmustfirstexportthereferencestoatextfileandthenimportfromthetextfileinto
anEndNotelibrary.
ToconvertaProCitedatabasetoanEndNotelibrary:
1. ExportyourProCitereferencestoatextfile.
2. OpenProCiteandthedatabaseyouwanttoconvert.
3. FromtheFilemenu,selectPrintBibliography.
4. Selecttheoutputstyle"RIS-EndNote.pos"(youcandownloadthiso
utputstylefromthesupportareaoftheProCiteWeb
siteathttp://www.procite.com).
5. OnthePrintBibliographywindow,clickConfigureandgotothe"Fields"tab.
6. IntheFieldswindow checkalloptionalfields.
7. ClickOK,andthenSavetosaveasatextfile.
8. StartEndNoteandopenorcreatethelibrarytocontaintheimportedreferences.
10. ClickChooseFileandselectthetextfileyoucreated.
11. NexttoImportOption,selecttheProCite(RIS)importfilter.
12. ClickImport.
ProCite Workforms to EndNote Reference Types

WhenyouuseEndNotetoopenaProCitedatabase,ProCiteworkformsaremappedtoEndNotereferencetypesasshowninthe
tablebelow.
Bydefault,fieldsaretransferredasfollows:
l Asmuchaspossible,ProCitefieldsaremappedtocorrespondingEndNotefields.
l TheProCitefieldsAuthorAffiliationandAddress/Availabilityb
othtransferintothesamefieldinEndNote:AuthorAddress.
l TheProCiteDatefieldistransferredintotwofieldsinEndNote:DateandYear.
l TheProCitefieldsISSNandISBNbothtransferintothesamefieldinEndNote:ISBN/ISSN.
l ProCitefieldsthatdonothaveacorrespondingfieldinEndNote,suchasConnectivePhraseandAuthorRole,aretransferredintotheNotesfield.
KeepinmindthatyoucanoverridethesedefaultsettingswhenyouopentheProCitedatabase,andbeforethetransferbegins.
Youcancustomizethemappingofworkformstoreferencetypes,andyoucancustomizethefieldmappingforeachworkform.
Note:CustomProCitew orkformsdonotconverttospecificEndNotereferencetypes,andared
isplayedasaGenericEndNote
reference.Youshouldeithergloballychanget heworkformassignmentinProCitebeforeconversion,or,duringconversion,c lick
theCustomizebuttontomapcustomworkformstoEndNotereferencet ypes.
Workform to Reference Type Mapping
ProCite Workform
Abstract
ArtWork
AudiovisualMaterial
Bill-Resolution
BookChapter
BookLongForm
BookShortForm
BookWhole
Case
ComputerProgram
ConferenceProceedings
DataFile
Dissertation
ElectronicCitation
Email
Generic
Hearing
InPress
JournalArticle
JournalLongForm
JournalShortForm
JournalWhole
Letter
MagazineArticle
Manuscript
Map
Monograph
MotionPicture
MusicScore
Newspaper
Patent
Report
SoundRecording
Statute
TradeCatalog
UnenactedBill-Resolution
UnpublishedWork
VideoRecording
WebPage
EndNote Reference
Type
JournalA
rticle
Artwork
AudiovisualM
aterial
Bill
BookS
ection
Book
EditedBook
EditedBook
Case
ComputerP
rogram
ConferenceP
roceedings
UnpublishedW
ork
Thesis
ElectronicJ ournal
PersonalC
ommunication
Generic
Hearing
JournalA
rticle
JournalA
rticle
JournalA
rticle
JournalA
rticle
JournalA
rticle
PersonalC
ommunication
MagazineA
rticle
Manuscript
Map
EditedBook
Filmo
r Broadcast
Generic
NewspaperA
rticle
Patent
Report
AudiovisualM
aterial
Statute
Book
Bill
UnpublishedW
ork
Filmo
r Broadcast
WebP
age
Compatibility between EndNote 8, 9, X, X1, X2, X3, X4, and X5

EndNoteX,X1,X2,X3,X4,andX5arefullycompatiblewithX6.Youcans hareyourlibrariesbetweentheseversionswithnoconversion.NewfeaturesinEndNoteX6aresimply ignoredbytheearlierversions.
EndNoteX6canopenanduseEndNote8andEndNote9librarieswithnoc onversion.Technically,EndNote8andEndNote9can
openlibrariescreatedw
ithEndNoteX6,butwedonotrecommendit;yourisklossofdata.Oncey ouhaveopenedandusedan
EndNote8or9librarywithEndNoteX6,yous houldonlyusethelibrarywithEndNoteXorlater.
Because EndNote X6 does include enhancements, please note that:
l TheD
ATAfolderisacriticalpartofyourlibrary.Wheneveryoucopyormovealibrary,includenotonlythefilename.enlfile,
butalsoitsassociatedDATAfolderandallofitscontents.
Note:Ifyouwanttobackupyourlibrary,orshareitwithanotherEndNoteXorlateruser,thereisaneasywaytocompressyour
EndNoteX6libraryandincludeallo
ftheassociatedfilesandfolders.SeeSavinga
CompressedCopyofaLibrary.
l EndNoteX
2includednewreferencetypes.IfanearlierversionofEndNoted
oesnotrecognizethereferencetype,itwilldisplayandprinttheG
enericreferencetypeforthosereferencesenteredintothenewreferencetypes.
l Ino
rdertoallowcross-versionandcross-platformcompatibilityofattachedfiles,youwillneedtoreplacethecharactersbelow
iftheya
reusedinthefilenamesofexistingattachedfilesandgraphicsandthenreinsertthefiles.Oneoptionistoreplace
thesecharactersw
ithanunderscore.
Replace these characters
in attached filenames
\
(backs lash)
/
(forwards lash)
:
(colon)
*
(asterisk)
?
(questionmark)
"
(quotationm
ark)
<
(lessthan)
>
(greaterthan)
|
(verticalbar)
Replacement Characters Table
l EndNoteX
1includedanewgroupingfeature,andEndNoteX2addedsmartgroups.IfyouopenanEndNoteX6librarywithan
earlierversionofEndNote,y oucannotviewgroups.However,groupsarerememberedwhenyouopenthelibraryagainwith
EndNoteX6.
Related Topics:
Openinga
ndConvertingOldEndNoteLibraries
Recoveringa
DamagedLibrary
TransferringL
Converting a Library for ProCite, Reference Manager, or an Earlier Version of EndNote

ConvertinganEndNoteX6libraryforusewithEndNoteversions5-7,forReferenceManager,orforP
roCiterequiresexportingthe
referencesfromyourEndNotelibrarytoa
textfile,andthenimportingfromthetextfileintotheotherprogram.
Ifyourreferencescontaindiacritics,youmustdothiscarefullysothatyourdiacriticstransfercorrectly.BecauseEndNoteX6is
Unicodecompliant,itexportstextasUTF-8Unicode,andnotastraditionalANSItext.ReferenceManager,P
roCite,andearlier
versionsofEndNotearenotUnicodecompatible,sot heyneedthedocumentconvertedtoANSItext.IfyouattempttoimportreferencesthathavenotbeensavedasANSItext,diacriticswillappears crambledinthenewdatabaseorlibraryformat.
Note:EndNoteX6allowstheuseofExtendedLatinanddouble-bytecharactersets,whicharenotsupportedbyEndNoteversionse
arlierthanversion8.ExtendedLatinanddouble-bytecharacterswilln
ottransfertoearlierversionfileformats.
ToconvertyourEndNoteX6libraryforotherapplications:
1. InEndNoteX6,gotothedrop-downoutputstylelistonthetoolbar,a
ndchooseSelectAnotherStyle.Highlightandselect
theappropriateo
utputstyle:
l For EndNote 5, 6, or 7:SelecttheReferstyle.
l For Reference Manager or ProCite:SelecttheRefMan(RIS)style.
2. FromtheFilemenu,selectExporttoexporty ourlibrarytoaplaintextfile.
3. UseMicrosoftWordtoopenthetextfiley ouexportedfromEndNote.
4. WhenWordasksyoutoselectanencodingoption,selectOtherEncodingandUnicode(UTF-8).
5. InWord,selectFile>SaveAsands avethedocumentwithanewname,asplaintext,andwithWindows-defaultasthe
encodingoption.
6. Toimportthesavedfile:
l With EndNote:U
setheRefer/BibIXimportfilter.
l With Reference Manager or ProCite:UsetheRISimportfilter.
Opening and Converting Old EndNote Libraries

EndNote 8, 9, X, X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 Libraries
EndNoteX6caneasily openanduselibrariescreatedwithEndNote8,9
,X,X1,X2,X3,X4,X5andX6.Noconversionisnecessary.EndNoteX,X1,X2,X
3,andX4arefullycompatible;youcanregularlyshareyourlibrariesb
etweentheseversions
EndNote Libraries Prior to Version 8
EndNoteX6canautomaticallyconvertlibrariescreatedwithearlierv ersionsofEndNote(versions5,6,or7)tothelatestfileformat.Inm
ostcases,thesameprocesswillworkforlibrariescreatedinEndNote4andearlier.
ToopenorconvertanolderEndNotelibrary:
1. StartEndNote.
2. FromtheFilemenu,selectOpena
ndthenOpenL
ibrary.
3. Onthefiledialog,locateandhighlighttheoldlibrary,andclickOpenLibrary.
EndNotewillwarnthattheselectedlibrarywascreatedwithanolderv ersion,andwillaskforpermissiontoconvertit.
4. ClickOKtoconvertthelibrary.Namethenewlibrarya
ndclickSave.
Note:ThetimerequiredtoimportanEndNotelibraryisproportionatetothesizeoft helibrary.Refertotheprogressindicatorto
determinewhenEndNoteh
ascompletedthetask.
TheconversionmakesacopyoftheoriginallibraryinthelatestX6fileformat,andleavestheoriginallibraryintact.
Note:YoumustuseEndNoteX,X1,X2,X3,X4,X5toaccesstheconvertedlibrary.
Transferring Across Platforms

From Macintosh to Windows
AnylibrarycreatedorupdatedbyEndNoteX6o
naMacintoshcanbeusedbyEndNoteX,X1,X2,X3,orX4forWindows.N
oconversionisnecessary,howeveryoushouldmakesurethenameofthelibraryincludesthe".ENLextension(forexample,Medicine.enl)andincludetheassociated.DATAfolder.
1. Ifyouareonanetwork,simply copythefilefromt heMacintoshtothePC.Otherwise,useafiletransferutilitytom
ovethe
libraryfromtheMacintoshtoaremovablestoragediskandthentothePC.MakesureyoualsocopytheDATAfolderfound
inthes amefolderasthelibrary.
Note:IfyouplantosendanEndNoteX6librarytoanotherEndNoteXorlateruser,thereisaneasywaytocompressa
ll
ofyourlibraryfilesandfoldersintoasinglefile.SeeSavingaCompressedCopyofaLibrary.
2. StarttheEndNoteprograminWindows.(Ifyouseeadialogpromptingyouforareferencelibraryfile,selectCancel.
3. FromtheFilemenu,selectOpen,andthenselectO
penLibrary.Usethe"Lookin"listtonavigatetothelocationofthe
libraryyouwanttoopen.
Ifyourlibrarydoesnothavetheextension".ENLor*.LIBitwillnotappearinthedialog.Ifthatisthecase,selectAllFiles
*.*fromthefiletypelistatt hebottomofthedialog,andyoushouldbeabletoseeyourlibrary.
4. SelectyourlibraryandclickOpen.
Related Topics:
FromWindowstoMacintosh
MultipleP
TransferringL
From Windows to Macintosh

AnylibrarycreatedorupdatedwithEndNoteX6forWindowscanbeusedbyEndNoteX,X1,X2,X3,orX4fortheM
acintosh.No
conversionisnecessary,howeveryoumustmakesurethen
ameofthelibraryincludesthe.enlextension(forexample,Medicine.enl)andincludetheassociated.DATAfolder.
1. Ifyouareonanetwork,simply copythelibraryfromthePCtotheMacintosh.Otherwise,useWindowsExplorertocopy
thelibrarytoaremovablestoragedisk.UseyourMacintoshtocopythelibraryfromtheremovablestoragedisktotheMacintosh.Makes ureyoualsocopytheDATAfolderfoundinthesamefolderasthelibrary.
Note:IfyouplantosendanEndNoteX6librarytoanotherEndNoteXorlateruser,thereisaneasywaytocompressa
ll
ofyourlibraryfilesandfoldersintoasinglefile.SeeSavingaCompressedCopyofaLibrary.
2. StarttheEndNoteprogramontheMacintosh.Ify ouseeadialogpromptingyouforareferencelibraryfile,selectC ancel.
3. FromtheFilemenu,selectOpenLibrary.Navigatet othelocationofthelibraryyouwanttoopen.
Aslongasthelibraryhasthe".ENL"extension,EndNotec andisplayit.Ifthelibrarydoesnothavethe".ENLextensionas
partofthefilename,EndNotew illnotrecognizeit.
4. SelectthelibraryandclickOpen.
OncethelibraryhasbeenopenedinEndNoteonaMacintosh,itmaintainstheEndNoteMacintoshiconandcanbeopenedjust
likeanyotherlibraryc reatedbyEndNoteontheMacintosh.
Related Topics:
l FromMacintoshtoWindows
l MultiplePeopleOpeningOneLibrary
l TransferringLibrariesAcrossPlatforms
Transferring Libraries Across Platforms

EndNoteX6canreadlibrariesc reatedinversions5orlaterofEndNoteforWindowsorMacintosh.
IfyouplantosendoremailanEndNotelibrarytosomeone,remembertosendallofthefilesfoundinyourlibrarys.DATAfolder.
Forane
asywaytocompressallofyourlibraryfilesandfoldersintoasinglef ile,seeSavingaCompressedC opyofaLibrary.You
canthensendthesingle,compressedfiletot heotheruser,andtheycanrestorethefilename.enlfileanditsassociated.DATA
folder.
Related Topics:
Compatibilityb
etweenEndNote8,9,andX
FromMacintosht oWindows
FromWindowstoMacintosh
MultipleP
Openinga
ndConvertingOldEndNoteLibraries
Convertinga
LibraryforProCite,ReferenceManager,oranEarlierVersionofEndNote
Entering and Editing References

Introduction
Important Points About References
Therearevariouswaystoaddreferencest oanEndNotelibrary.Thistopic,andthefollowingtopics,discusshowtotypeinformationintoEndNote,editEndNotereferences,andinsertg
raphicsandfiles.
SeeQuickOverviewo
fOnlineSearchingforinformationaboutconnectingtoonlinebibliographicd
atabasesandretrievingreferencesdirectlyintoEndNote.GeneralImportingInstructionsdescribeshowtoimportreferencesfromavarietyofs ourcesusing
EndNotesImportcommand.
Here is an overview of important aspects of EndNote references:
l EachEndNotereferencestorestheinformationrequiredtociteitinab
ibliography.Keywords,notes,abstracts,URLsand
otherinformationc anbestoredinareferenceaswell.
l Eachreferenceaddedtoalibraryisautomaticallyassignedau
niquerecordnumberthatneverchangesforthatreferencein
thatparticularlibrary.EndNoteusesthesenumberstoformatpapers.Youcannotchangetheserecordnumbers.
l ThereisnolimittothenumberofreferencesyoucancreateinanEndNotelibrary.Itisrecommendedthatthenumbernot
exceed100,000tomaintaine
fficientperformancemanagingthedatabase.
l Forty-fivereferencetypesarealreadydefined(suchasJournalArticle,Book,C
onferenceProceedings,andsoon).Three
additionalUnusedreferencetypesareavailablesoyoucandefineyourown.SeetheListo
fReferenceTypes.
l Thefields (Author,Title,Year,andsoon)displayedforeachreferencetypecanbemodifiedo
rdeleted.Newfieldscanalso
beadded,uptoatotalof52fields p
erreference,includingthereferencetypename.
l Thetextofthereferencesshouldremainasplaintextunless aspecialfont,size,orstyleoftextisrequiredforaspecific
termorcharacter.
l ThefontusedtodisplaythetextinreferencescanbechangedusingtheG
eneralDisplayF
ontpreference.
l Youc aninsertonegraphicorfileintotheFigurefieldofarecord,andthefigurecanbecitedinMicrosoftWord.S
eeInsertingF
igures.However,youcaninsertmultiplefilesintotheFileAttachmentsfield.SeeLinkinga
FiletoanEndNoteReference.
l Referencesareautomaticallys avedwhentheyareclosed;however,youmaysaveareferencewhilee
ditingthereference
usingtheSavecommandfromtheFilemenu.
Related Topics:
ChoosingaR
eferenceType
Creatinga
NewReference
EnteringR
eferences
FieldS
izeRestrictions
InsertingImages
OpeningReferences
RecordSummary
TheReferenceW
indow
The Reference Window

TheReferencewindow displaysthec ontentsofareference.Eachpartofthereferenceisstoredinitso
wnfieldandthetypeofreferenceisdisplayedbelow thetitlebar.TheR
eferenceTypefielddisplaysthetypeofreferencethatyouarev iewingsuchasjournalarticle,book,orconferenceproceeding.
Thefirstauthorslastname,theyear,andtheEndNoterecordnumberappearatthetopoftheReferencewindowinthetitlebar.
Layout Button
Bydefault,EndNotedisplaystheTabbedviewoftheReferencew
indow.
ClicktheLayoutbuttoninthelowerright-handcornertod
isplayamenu.
l TheOffoptionallowsyoutoworkineithertheR
eferencewindoworthePDFViewerwindowbyselecting
eithertheReferencetaborthePDFtab.
l TheRightoptionallowsyoutoworkside-by-sideinb
oththeReferencewindowandthePDFwindow.
Mark as Read / Mark as Unread Buttons
UsethesetogglebuttonstoapplyaReadorUnreadstatustagtothecurrentreference.EndNoteautomatically
savesyourselection.
Rating System
ApplyaratingtothecurrentreferenceintheReferencewindowtosignifytheimportanceofthecurrentreferenceto
yourresearch.Applyuptofivestars(ornone)byclickingadotintheRatingf ieldatthetopofthereferencewindow.
Styles
Apply styles to selected text in a field. Options include Bold, Italics, Underline, Plain, Superscript, Subscript, and Symbol Font.
Case
Applycasetreatmentstoselectedtextinafield.OptionsincludeSentencecase,lowercase,UPPERCASE,Every
Word,andt OGGLEcASE.
E-mail Option
Toe-mailreferenceswithfileattachmentstocolleagues,right-clickanywhereintheReferencewindowandselect
E-mailfromthecontext-sensitivemenu.
Notethatyoucannote-mailfigureattachments usingtheE-mailo
ption.
Find Reference Updates

ClicktheFindReferenceU pdatebuttontolookforthelatestupdatestothereferencethaty ouareviewing.EndNotesearchesfor
andretrievesavailablefieldupdatesfortheselectedreference.Ifareliablematchisfound,EndNoted
isplaysaReviewAvailable
vailableUpdatesDialogformoreinformation.
Updatesdialogthatshowsyoualltheu
pdatesthatwerefound.SeeReviewA
Window Controls
l Toopenacontext-sensitivem
enu,right-clickanywhereintheReferencewindow.
l ClicktheHideEmptyFieldsicontoviewonlythosefieldsthatcontaindata.
l ClicktheShowEmptyF
ieldsicontodisplayallfieldseventhosefieldswithoutdata.
l Clicktheminimizeormaximizebuttonsinthetopcornertominimizeormaximizea
Referencewindow.
l ClickCtrl+Shift+Wtocloseallopenreferences.
PDF and Figure File Control

l ClickCtrl+Alt+AtoattachaPDFfiletothecurrentreference.
l Double-clickaPDFfiletolaunchthedefaultPDFreadero
nyourcomputer.
l ClicktheAttachFigureicontoattachedagraphicfile.
Navigation Keys
l PresstheTabkeytomovetothenextfielda
ndselectitscontents.PresstheS
hift+Tabkeystomovetothepreviousfield.
l ClicktheLeftArrow(PreviousReference)orRightArrow(NextReference)buttonstoclosethecurrentreferenceandto
openeitherthepreviousornextreference.
Related Topics:
ChoosingaR
eferenceType
Creatinga
NewReference
EnteringR
eferences
FieldS
izeRestrictions
FindingT
extinaReference
ImportantPointsAboutReferences
InsertingImages
Toolbars(Windows)
Toolbars(Macintosh)
Record Summary
Toseealistofstatisticsaboutareference,highlightthereferenceintheLibrarywindow,thengototheReferencesmenuand
selectRecordS
ummary.
Ifyouwishtosaveandprintthisinformation,usetheCopytexttoc lipboardbuttonandthenpastethetextintoawordprocessor
document.
Foralistofstatisticsabout thelibrary,s eeLibrarySummary.
Related Topics:
ChoosingaR
eferenceType
Creatinga
NewReference
EnteringR
eferences
FieldS
izeRestrictions
InsertingImages
OpeningReferences
TheReferenceW
indow
Selecting References
Toworkwithindividualreferences(forexampletocopy,open,exportoreditthem),firstselectthemintheLibrarywindow.The
simplestwayistoclickonareferenceinareferencelist.Thatreferenceisthenhighlightedtoindicateitisselected.
Youcanalsoselectareferencebytypingthefirstfewlettersfoundinthefieldbywhichthelibraryiscurrentlysorted.Forexample,ifthelibraryissortedbytheauthorfield,typethefirstfewletterso
fanauthorslastnametoselectthefirstreferencebythat
author.Ifthelibraryissortedbasedontitle,typethefirstfewlettersofthetitleofthereferencethatyouwanttoselect.(Whentypingtheletterstomatchatitle,articlessuchas"a,""an,"and" the"areskipped.).
Toselectmultiplereferences:
l HolddowntheC
trlk eyw
hileclickingonindividualreferences.PresstheCtrlk eya
ndclickonaselectedreferencetodeselectthatreferenceandretaintherestoftheselection.
l Selecta
rangeofreferencesbyclickingonthefirstreference,thenpresstheShiftkeyandclickonthelastreferenceo
fthe
range.
l Youcanalsoselectarangeofreferencesbyholdingd
ownthemousebuttonanddraggingthemouseverticallyacross a
rangeo
freferences.
l ChooseS
electAllfromtheEditmenutoselectallofthereferencesshowinginthecurrentreferencelist.Whenallthereferencesareselected,theSelectAllcommandchangestoUnselectAll.
ndHidingReferencestolearnhowtodisplayonlytheselectedreferences,o
rtemporarilyhidetheselectedrefSeeShowinga
erencesfromview.
Related Topics:
ShowingandHidingR
eferences
TheReferenceWindow
UsingShowSelectedandH
ideSelected
WorkingwithShowingR eferences
Opening, Closing, Saving, Deleting, Updating References

Opening References
Onceyouhavereferencesselected,anyofthefollowingactionsopenst hem(amaximumof10referencesatatime):
l Double-clicktheselectedreference(s).
l PressE
nter.
l FromtheReferencesmenu,selectEditReferences(C
trl+E).
Youcanstopaseries ofselectedreferencesthatareintheprocessofopeningbypressingtheEscapekey(Esc).
TheReferencewindow thatopensforeachofthereferencesiswherey ouenterandeditthereferencedata.Modifythistextjust
likeyouw
ouldeditawordprocessingdocument:selecttheincorrecttextandretypeit,ordeleteandaddtextasnecessary.See
EnteringR
eferencesforimportantinformationaboutenteringreferencedata.
Closing References
Tocloseacurrentlyopenreference,doanyofthefollowing:
l ClickintheclosebuttonontheReferencewindow.
l FromtheFilem
enu,selectCloseReference(C
trl+W.
l Tocloseonereferencea
ndviewthenextorpreviousreferenceinthelibrary,usetheN
extReferenceandPreviousReferencecommandsontheReferencesmenu(orthebuttonsintheReferencewindow).SeePreviousa
ndNextReference
Commands.
l Closea
llopenreferencesbyholdingdowntheShiftkeywhilepressingCtrl+W.
Note>:AlldatainareferenceisautomaticallysavedwhenyouclosetheReferencewindow.
Deleting References
Todeletereferences:
1. Select(highlight)thosereferencesyouwanttod
elete.
2. Dooneofthese,whichmovestheselectedreferencestotheTrashgroup:
l DragtheselectedreferencesanddropthemontheTrashgroup.
l FromtheReferencesmenu,selectMoveReferencestoTrash.
l FromtheEditmenu,selectCut,whichalsostorest hereferencestemporarilyontheClipboard.
l FromtheEditmenu,selectClear.
3. Whenyouareabsolutelycertainthatyouwanttod
eletethereferencesintheTrash,gototheReferencesmenuands elect
EmptyTrash.
4. Youmustconfirmthatyouwanttoremovethereferencesfromthelibrary.
Note:Y
oucannotundotheEmptyTrashcommand,sobesureyouwanttodeletethereference(s)inTrashbeforedismissingtheEndNotewarning.
5. DisplayAllReferencesagaintocontinueworkinginyourlibrary.
About the Trash Group

TheTrashgroupcontainsreferencesyouhaveremovedfromthelibrarybyusinganyofthemethodsmentionedabove.Whilethe
referencesareo
fficially nolongerinyourlibrary(theywillnotappearinanyotherg
rouporreferencelist,theyarenotincludedin
yourreferencecount,a
ndtheycannotbesearchedorcited),theyarenotcompletelydeletedu
ntilyougototheReferencesmenu
andselectEmptyTrash.
UntilyouselectEmptyTrash,youcanstilldragreferencesfromtheT
rashgroupbacktotheAllReferencesgroupofyouractive
library.Or,h
ighlightareferenceintheTrashgroup,right-clickthereference,ands electRestoretoLibrary.
IfyoudonotactivelyselecttheEmptyTrashcommand,youwillbepromptedw
henyouclosetheEndNotelibrary.
Note:Whenyoud
eleteareference,youdeleteitsrecordnumberinthatlibraryforever.E
venifyoupastethereferencebackinto
thesamelibrary,itisassigneda
new,uniquerecordnumber.Thismaycauseincompatibilitieswitholderp
apersthathavecitationsthatuseoldrecordnumbers.Westronglyrecommendthatyoudonotdeletereferencesthathavebeenusedinpapers that
youm
ightwanttoreformatlater,andkeepbackupsofyourlibraries!
Reverting References
TheRevertReferencecommandontheFilemenudiscardsallchangesmadetoareferencesinceitwaslastopenedorsaved.
RevertReferenceisn
otavailableafteryouclosethereference.
Toremovetheverylastchangemadetoareference,usetheUndo(Ctrl+Z)commandintheEditmenubeforeclosingorsavinga
reference.
Saving References
Tosaveareferencethatyouhavejustcreatedortosaveanychangesmadetoanexistingreference:
l Closethereference(s),o
r
l FromtheFilem
enu,selectSave(C
trl+S).
IfyouExitfromEndNotewhileReferencewindowsareopen,thereferencesareclosedandsavedautomatically.
Review Available Updates Dialog

YoucanselectandupdateindividualreferencesormultiplereferencesfromtheReviewAvailableUpdatesdialogbyretrieving
informationfroms ourcedatabasesoutsideEndNotesuchasWebofScienceandPubMed.
TheFindReferenceUpdatesoptionisavailablefromtheReferencesmenua
ndasaniconfromtheReferencewindow.Whenyou
selectthisoption,EndNotesearchesforandretrievesavailablefieldupdatesfortheselectedreference.
EndNotefollowsthefollowingprocesswhensearchingforfieldupdates.
l EndNotefirstlooksfortheDOI(DigitalObjectIdentifier)thatmatchestheDOIoftheselectedrecord.Ifareliablematchis
found,EndNotedisplaystheReviewReferenceU pdatesdialoganddisplaysthefieldupdates.
l IfEndNotecannotfindamatchingDOInumber,itlooksfortheauthorname,yearofpublication,andjournaltitlethat
matchestheselectedrecord.Ifareliablematchisfound,EndNotedisplaystheReviewReferenceU
pdatesdialoganddisplaysthefieldupdates.
l Ifnomatchisfound,thennodialogdisplays.
Toupdateareference:
1. SelectoneormorereferencesfromtheR
eferenceListoropenareferenceintheReferencewindow.
2. FromtheReferencesmenu,selecttheF
indReferenceUpdatesoptiontoopentheReview AvailableUpdatesd
ialog.
Note:ClicktheFindReferenceU pdatesiconfromthetoolbarifyouareupdatingareferencefromtheR eferencewindow.
3. AllupdatesarehighlightedinblueinboththeA
vailableUpdatesandtheMyReferencepanels.Anupdateexistsforafield
intheMyReferencepanelwhenthefieldisemptyordiffersfromtheinformationinthesamefieldintheAvailableU
pdates
panel.ForeachupdatethatEndNotefindsforarecord,youcan:
l ClicktheUpdateAllFieldsbuttontoupdateallthefieldsintheMyReferencespanelwithupdatedinformationfromtheAvailableUpdatespanel.
l ClicktheUpdateEmptyFieldsbuttontoupdateeveryemptyfieldintheMyReferencepanelwiththenewinformationfrom
theAvailableUpdatespanel.
4. Ifnecessary,editanyoftheinformationinthefields intheMyReferencepanel.
5. ClicktheSaveUpdatesbuttontos aveyourchanges.
6. ClickYeswhentheEndNotedialogappearspromptingyoutosaveyourchanges.
Note:Ifyouhaveselectedmorethanonereference,clicktheSkipbuttontoskipaparticularreferencethatyoudonotwishto
update.
Note:Allf ieldsintheMyReferencepanelwilldisplayeveniftheyareempty.
Editing a Reference
YoucancopyanyoftheinformationfromaretrievedfieldandpastetheinformationintothesamefieldintheMyReferencepanel.
Youcana
lsoeditanyofthefieldsintheMyReferencepanel.Thefollowingeditoptionsareavailable:Cut,Copy,Paste,Paste
withTextStyles,Clear,andSelectAll.
Youcannote
ditanyoftheretrievedfieldsfromtheAvailableUpdatespanel.
Related Topics:
Creatinga
NewReference
EnteringReferences
Creating a New Reference

Creating a New Reference
Toaddanewreferencetoanopenlibrary:
1. FromtheReferencesmenu,selectNewReference(Ctrl+N).ThisopensanemptyReferencewindow:
2. SelectareferencetypefromtheReferenceT
ypelistatthetopofthewindow.
3. Enterbibliographicdataintoeachofthefieldsinthereference.Forguidance,seeEnteringR
eferences.Whenyouarefinished,closethereferencetosaveitandaddittothelibrary.
Related Topics:
ChangingtheDefaultReferenceType
ChoosingaR
eferenceType
EnteringR
eferences
SavingReferences
Tipsf orChoosingtheRightReferenceType
UpdatingReferences
Changing the Default Reference Type

Bydefault,newreferencesappearasJournalArticlereferences.Youm
aychangethisbyselectingtheDefaultReferenceType
optionintheP
references panel.
1. FromtheE
ditm
enu, selectPreferences.
2. ClicktheReferenceTypesoptioninthelist.
3. AtthetopofthatReferenceTypespreferences p
anel,clicktheDefaultReferenceTypelist,andthenselectthereference
typethatnewreferencesshoulduse.
SeeReferenceTypesPreferences formoreinformation.
Choosing a Reference Type

Whenyoucreateanewreference,thatreferenceisassignedthedefaultreferencetype.Ifyouwanttoaddadifferenttypeofreference,clicktheReferenceTypelistatthetopoftheReferencewindow,andselectthereferencetypethatyouneed.
Normally,youshouldselectthereferencetypebeforeenteringinformationinthereference.However,youcanchangethereferencetypeatanytime,andtheinformationyouhaveenteredisretainedandtransferredtothecorrespondingfieldforthenewreferencetype.
Inadditiontodetermininghowthereferenceisformattedinthebibliography,thereferencetypedeterminesw
hichfieldsappearin
theReferencewindow.Forexample,aJournalArticlereferencewouldhavefields forJournal,Volume,andIssue,whereasa
BookwouldhavefieldsforEditorandPublisher.
Customizing Fields and Reference Types

Fieldscanberemoved,added,orrenamed.Youcanalsorenamereferencetypes.SeeCustomizingR eferenceTypesforinstructionsonremoving,adding,ormodifyingfields foreachreferencetype.
Tips for Choosing the Right Reference Type

UseBookforbookswrittenbyoneormoreauthors,anduseEdited Bookforbookseditedbyoneormoreeditors(whetherthey
arebooksinaseries ornot).
UseBook Sectionforreferencestopartsofeditedornon-editedbooks(achapter,forexample,oronearticleinapublishedconferencep
roceedings).
TheConference Paperreferencetypeisbestusedforunpublishedpapers.Articlesthatarepublishedaspartofthecomprehensiveconferencep
roceedingsshouldbeenteredasConference Proceedingsreferences.
UsetheElectronic Article,Electronic Book,orWeb PagereferencetypeforcitingmaterialfromaWebpageorFTPsite.If
youarecitingajournalarticlethatappearsbothonlineandinprint,m
oststyleguidespreferthatyouusetheprintinformationand
citeita
saregularjournalarticle.Emaildiscussions shouldbecitedasPersonal Communications,justlikeanyothercorrespondence.
Usethe"Chart or Table"referencetypeifyouwanttoincludeanimageandlaterinsertthatimageasatableinMicrosoftWord.
ImagesinallotherreferencetypeswillinsertintoWordasfigures,whicharelistedandnumberedseparatelyfromtables.
Related Topics:
AboutR
eferenceTypes
AboutthePredefinedReferenceTypes
ChangingtheDefaultReferenceType
ChoosingaR
eferenceType
Creatinga
NewReference
CustomizingR
eferenceTypes
EnteringR
eferences
ListofReferenceTypes
ReferenceTypesPreferences
Entering References
Entering References
Bibliographicinformation(aswellaskeywords,notes,andotherrelevantinformation)isenteredintoseparatefieldsineachEndNotereference.B
ystoringthepiecesofbibliographicdataindifferentfields,EndNotec anlaterrearrangetheelementstoconformtovariousbibliographicformats(suchasAPAorMLA).
Specialbibliographicformattingandpunctuationshouldnotbeincludedw
henyouenterreferencedataintoEndNote.Forexample,youdonotneedt oputquotesaroundtitles,italicizejournalnames,orincludetheabbreviation" Vol.alongwithvolume
numbers.E
nteronlytherawdata,andleavetheformattingtoEndNote.
Note:Thereareafewexceptionstothispunctuationrule,n
otablyintheAuthor,Editor,andEditionfields.
Afullsetofkeycommandsisavailablesothatyoucanenterreferencesw
ithoutusingthemouse.SeeKeyboardCommands.
Fordetailsaboutenteringdataintospecificfields,seethesetopics:
l FieldSizeRestrictions
l UsingTermListswithDataEntry
l AuthorandEditorNames
l Year
l Titles
l JournalNames
l Pages
l Edition
l Date
l ShortTitle
l OriginalPublication
l ReprintEdition
l ReviewedItem
l ISBN/ISSN
l DOI
l CallNumber
l Label
l Keywords
l NotesandAbstract
l URL(UniformResourceLocator)
l FileAttachments
l FigureandCaption
Field Size Restrictions

TheFigurefieldcancontainasinglegraphic.
Allotherfieldscancontainupto64KB,ora
pproximately16pagesofplaintext.
Changing the Display Fonts

Bydefault,EndNotedisplaystherecommendedsystemfontspecifiedforyourversionofWindows.SeeDisplayFontsPreferencesifyouwanttochangethefontandfontsizeonyourcomputerwhenworkinginEndNoteX6.
Toaccessthesesettings,gototheEditmenu,s electPreferences,andthenclickDisplayFontsinthelistofpreferences.
Youcancontrolthefollowingdisplayfontsettings:
l Library:TheLibrarytabdeterminesthefontandsizeEndNotea
ppliestothereferenceslistedintheLibrarywindow.
l General:TheGeneraltabdetermines thefontEndNoteapplieswheny ouentertextinafieldintheReferenceandStyle
windows.ItalsodeterminesthefontEndNoteappliestotextthatyouviewintheP
reviewpanelandinformationpanelsor
whenyouprintandcopyb
ibliographicinformationfromEndNote.
l Labels:TheLabelstabdeterminesthefontandsizeEndNoteappliestotheReferencewindowfieldlabels.
l Search:TheSearchtabdeterminesthefontandsizeEndNoteapplieswhenyouentertextinafieldontheSearchpanel.
ChangesmadetothedisplayfontsapplytoallEndNotelibrariesopenedo
nthatcomputer.Theydonotaffectthefontusedwhen
youareformattingb
ibliographiesinawordprocessingdocument.Thenormalfontofthedocumentisusedforthat.
EndNoteu
sesUnicodetoencodes pecialcharacters,sothatdatacanb
eeasilytranslatedbetweenplatforms,programs,andlanguages.However,s omefontsdonotincludecertainUnicodecharacters.IfsomecharactersdonotdisplaycorrectlyinyourEndNotelibrary,werecommendswitchingthedisplayfonttoaUnicodefontorinstallingtheappropriatelanguagep
ack(see
DisplayingE
xtended/SpecialCharacters).
Tochangethelibrarydisplayfont:
1. FromtheEditm
enu,selectPreferences.
2. ClicktheDisplayFontsoptioninthelist.
3. Clickthetabtoindicatewhichdisplayfontsettingyouwanttochange:L
ibrary,General,Labels,orSearch.
4. ClicktheChangeFontb
utton,andselectadifferentdisplayfontand/orsizefromtheFonta
ndSizelists.
5. ClickOKtoclosethefontselectiondialogandreturntotheDisplaysFontspreferencespanel.
Related Topics:
Creatinga
NewReference
Font,Size,a
ndStyle
Copying and Pasting Complete References

Inadditiontocopyingandpastingtextbetweenfields,EndNotecanC
opyandPasteentirereferencesbetweenlibraries.
TousetheCopyandPastecommands:
1. SelectoneormorereferencesintheLibrarywindow (holddowntheCtrlk eytoselectmultiplereferencesortheShiftkeyto
selectarangeofreferences).Donotopenthereferences.
2. SelectCopy(Ctrl+C)fromtheEditm
enuandthosereferencesarecopiedtotheClipboard.
3. OpenanotherEndNotelibraryandselectPaste(Ctrl+V)fromtheEditm
enutopastedirectlytotheLibrarywindow.Thereferencesyoucopieda
repastedintothelibraryandsortedcorrectlywiththeexistingreferences.
Copying references using drag-and-drop:
Aneasywaytocopyreferencesbetweenlibrariesistousethedrag-and-dropfunctionality.Simplyselectthereferencesyouwant
tocopy,clickonanypartoftheselection,andusethemousetodragthemtoanotheropenlibrary.Releasethemousebutton
whenthecursorisoverthedestinationlibrary,andalloftheselectedreferenceswillbecopiedintothelibrary.
Ifyouneedtocopyallofthereferencesinonelibrarytoanotherlibrary,youcanalsousetheImportcommandtodirectlyimport
onelibraryintotheother.
Note:Anytimeyoucopyareferenceandpasteitintoanotherlibrary,orimportareferenceintoanotherlibrary,thereferenceis
assignedanewrecordnumberinthedestinationlibrary.
Cut, Copy, and Paste Text in References

TheCut,Copy,andPastecommandsintheEditmenucanbeusedtomovetextfromonefieldinareferencetoanotherfieldby
selectingandcopyingorcuttingthetextandthenpastingitinthedesiredlocation.YoucanalsoCopyandPastetextfromafield
inanEndNotereferencetoyourwordprocessor.Similarly,youcanCopytextfromawordprocessingdocumentandPasteitinto
areference.Ifitisimportanttopastethetextalongwiththefontsandtextstyles,usethePastewithTextStylescommandinthe
Editmenu.TheregularPastecommanddoesnotincludefont,size,ortextstyleinformationwhenpastingintoEndNotefrom
anotherprogram.Avoidpastingunwantedfonts andtextstylesintoEndNotereferencesbecausethosefontsandtextstyleswill
carrythroughintofuturebibliographies.
Related Topics:
CopyingandPastingCompleteReferences
UsingDrag-and-DropWithinaReference
Using Drag-and-Drop Within a Reference

Textmaybemovedaroundwithinareferencebyselectingthetextandt hendragginganddroppingitinanewlocation.Whentext
ismovedthisw
aywithinareference,itismovedfromonelocationtoanother.Whenitisdraggedfromonereferencetoanother
referenceortoanotherprogram(suchasyourwordprocessor),thetextismovedtothetargetreferenceandremovedfromthe
originallocation.
Todrag-and-droptext:
Firstselectthetext.Thenclickontheselection,andkeepthemouseb
uttonpressedwhileyoudragthetexttoanotherlocation.
Whenthecursorispositionedintherightplace,releasethemousebuttontodropthetextintheselectedlocation.
See Also: Copyinga
ndPastingCompleteReferences
Previous and Next Reference Commands

WhenaReferencewindowisopen,usethePreviousReferenceandNextR
eferencecommandsintheReferencesmenuto
quicklybrowsethroughyourreferences.TheReferencewindow alsoincludesarrowbuttonstomovetot hepreviousornextreference.
Whenyouselectoneofthesecommands(orclickthebuttons),thecontentoftheReferenceswindowchangestodisplaythe
informationforthepreviousornextreferencelistedintheL
ibrarywindow.
Thiscommandhasthesameeffectasclosingthereferencethatiscurrentlyd
isplayedandopeninganotherreference,soany
changestothecurrentlyo
penedreferencewillbesavedbeforeEndNoteswitchestodisplayanotherreference.
Using Term Lists with Data Entry

EndNoteusesterm listsfortheAuthorandEditornames,Journals,a
ndKeywords.Termlistscanalsobecreatedforother
fields.Theselistsa
reupdatedautomaticallyasyouenternewtermsintothesefields.Theb
enefitofthisisthatthetermlistsalso
helpwithdataentry.Ifyoub
egintoenteraname,journalorkeywordthatyouhaveusedbeforeint hatlibrary,EndNotewillcompletethetermforyoutospeedupdatae
ntry.
ToacceptatermthatEndNotehassuggested,s implypressEnter,Tab,orclickinthenextfield.Termsthata
renew(thatis,
thosethatdonotalreadyappearinthecorrespondingA
uthor,Journals,orKeywordtermlist)appearinredtext.
AmorecompletediscussionofEndNotestermlistsisprovidedinIntroductiontoTermLists.
Note:Boththe"Auto-Update"and"Auto-Complete"termlistfeaturesdescribedheremaybeturnedoffusingtheTermL
istssettingsintheEndNotepreferences.
Author and Editor Names

ThefollowinginformationaboutAuthorandE
ditorfieldsappliestothefollowing"Generic"fieldnames:Author,SecondaryAuthor,
TertiaryAuthor,andSubsidiaryAuthor.
Alwaysenterauthorandeditornamesonenameperline.Ifanauthorsn
ameistoolongtofitonasingleline,letitwraptothenext
lineasyoutypeit.
Authornamescanbeenteredeitherwiththelastnamefollowedbyac ommaandthefirstname,orthefirstnamefollowedbythe
lastname.B
otharecorrect.However,notethatifyouhavethe"SuggestTermsa
sYouType"featureofthetermliststurnedon,
EndNotesuggestsa
uthornamesbasedontheassumptionthatthenamesarebeingenteredw
iththelastnamefirst.
EndNotecanabbreviatefirstandmiddlenames,soformaximumflexibilitye
nterwholenameswheneverpossible.Ifyouareenteringinitialsinsteado
ffullnames,besuretotypeaperiodoraspacebetweeninitials,(forexample"Fisher,J.O.orJO
Fisher),
otherwiseEndNoteinterpretstheinitialsasasinglen
ame:Jo.
SeeAdditionalStyleFormattingOptionsforinformationabouthowEndNotecanuses tylesettingstoformatauthornamesinbibliographies.Formoreinformationa
bouttermlists,seeIntroductiontoTermLists.
Using "et al." or Similar Abbreviations

Enterallauthornamesforaparticularreference. EndNotewilltruncatethelistofauthorswith"etal."or"andothers"a
srequired
bythebibliographicstyle.Ifyoudonotknowallofthea
uthorsnames,thenthelastauthors houldbe"etal."or"andothers"followedbyacomma.
Anonymous Works
Ifareferencehasnoauthor,youshouldleavetheAuthorfieldblank.D
onotenter"Anonymous."Thestylethatyouusetoformat
theb
ibliographydetermineshowanonymousreferencesaretreated.
Notethatifaworkispublishedwith"Anonymous"printedo
nthetitlepage,moststyleguidesrequestthat"Anonymous"be
enteredasthoughitweretheauthorname.
Corporate Authors
Whenenteringcorporateauthors,putacommaafterthename:
U.S.DepartmentofAgriculture,
AppleComputerInc.,
Thisensuresthattheentirenameistreatedasafirstname,sonon
amemanipulationwillbeapplied.
Ifyourcorporateauthornameincludesacommainthenameitself,usetwocommasinplaceofthefirstcomma:
California,,Irvine
EndNotetreatsthisasalastnamefollowedbyablankfirstname.Then,e
verythingafterthe(blank)firstnameisappended,
includingas econdcommainthename.Theformattedresultisthecorporaten
amewiththecommasinplace.
Complex Author Names

Formultiple-wordlastnames,likeCharlesdeGaulle,enterthenamewiththelastnamefirst,suchas:
deGaulle,Charles
Enteringanamethiswayensuresthatbothwords"de"and" Gaullewillformatasthelastname.
Enterauthorswithtitles,suchas"Jr.o
rIII,asLast,First,Title.Forexample,"AlfredSmithJr."mustbeenteredas:
Smith,Alfred,Jr.
Thetextafterthesecondcommawillprintexactlyasentered.
Note:SeetheSortingsectionoftheEndNotepreferences ifyoudonotwantEndNotetoincludep
repositions(suchasde,van,
von,andsoon.)whenitalphabetizesreferencesinabibliography.
Related Topics:
EnteringR
eferences
EnteringS
pecialCharacters
Font,Size,a
ndStyle
PlainText
UsingT
ermListswithDataEntry
Year
Normally,youshouldenterthefournumbersoftheyearofpublication,a
sin2010.Whenappropriate,youmayenter"inpress,"or
"inp
reparation,"orsomeothernotation.
Note:WhenyoutransferreferencesfromanoutsidesourceintoEndNote,onlyvaliddatesa
reparsedandtransferred.Textsuch
as"submitted"or"inp
rint"isignored.However,youcanmanuallytypethisinformationintothereference.
Titles
ThefollowinginformationaboutTitlefieldsappliestothe"Generic"f ieldsTitle,SecondaryTitle,TertiaryTitle,andAlternateTitle.
Entertitleswithoutaperiodoranyotherpunctuationattheend.D
onotpresstheEnterkeywhiletypingtitlesintoEndNote;a
llow
longtitlestojustwraptothenextline.AlthoughtheEndNotes tyles canchangethecapitalizationoftitles,itisbesttocapitalize
thetitleinthesamewayyouwouldlikeittobecapitalizedinyourb
ibliographies.
Journal Names
TheJournalfieldisautomaticallysetuptoworkwiththeJournalstermlist.Thism
eansthattheJournalslistisupdatedasyou
addnewjournalnamestoy ourreferences,andEndNotewillusethislisttofacilitatedataentryb
ysuggestingjournalnamesas
youenterthemintotheJournalfield.
TheJournalfield(intheJournalArticlereferencetype)canbeusedwiththeJournalstermlisttoallowformultiplef ormatsofa
journalnametobeusedinyourbibliographies,dependingo
ntheformatrequired(seeCreatingBibliographieswithJournalAbbreviations).WhenthedifferentformsofthejournalnameareenteredintotheJournalstermlist,allittakestochangetheformatof
yourjournalnamesinabibliographyisonechangeinthestyleused(seeJournalN
ames).Alloftheappropriatesubstitutionsare
madewhenthebibliographyiscreated.
EndNoteincludesseveralpredefinedjournallistsintheTermsfolder.Ifyouwouldliketousetheselists,youshouldimportthem
intoyourJournalslistasdescribedinLoadingS
uppliedJournalAbbreviations.
The Alternate Journal Field

TheAlternateJournalfieldismostusefulw
henimportingorretrievingreferencesfromanonlinesourcethatprovidestwoformsof
eachjournalname(fullandabbreviated).Byimportingboth,y oucaneasily updatetheJournalstermlistandusethecorrectform
ofthenamewithouthavingtoenterityourself(seeUpdatinga
JournalList).
Ifyoudonotimportfromsourcesthatincludea
nalternatejournalname,thisfieldisprobablynotnecessaryforyoutohaveinyour
JournalArticlereferences.YoucanremoveitbyeditingtheReferenceTypespreference(seeCustomizingR eferenceTypes).
Pages
Pagerangescanbeenteredascomplete(1442-1449)orabbreviated(1442-9)ranges.Thestyleusedtocreatethebibliography
canchangethepagen
umberstobeeitherfullorabbreviatedpageranges,orshowjustthef irstpage(seePageNumbers).
DonotusecommasinthePagesfieldforpagenumbersinthethousands.
Edition
ThetextoftheEditionfieldisnotmodifiedbyEndNoteforyourbibliographies,sobesuretoenter"1st,"" 2nd,"andsoonforthis
fieldifthatiswhatyouneediny ourbibliography.
Date and Auto Date Stamp

The Date Field
IntheD
atefieldofyourreferences,enterdatesasyouwouldlikethemtoappearinyourformattedlistorbibliography;EndNote
doesnotreformatdates.Theoutputstyledetermineswhichdatefieldprintsiny ourbibliographicreferences.
Note:WhenyoutransferreferencesfromanoutsidesourceintoEndNote,onlyvaliddatesa
reparsedandtransferred.Textsuch
as"submitted"or"inp
rint"isignored.However,youcanmanuallytypethisinformationintothereference.
The Auto Date Stamp Fields

TwoAutoDateStampfields areavailablethatyoucanaddtotheLibrarywindow.
TheAddedtoLibraryandLastUpdateddatefieldsareinsertedwhenyousavea
newreference.TheLastUpdateddateisreset
eachtimeyous avechangestoareference.ThedateformatoftheAutoDateStampfieldsmatchesyourdefaultoperatingsystem
settings(forexample,4/16/2012).
ToaddthetwoAutoDateStampfieldstotheLibrarywindow,selectPreferences>DisplayFields.FromtheFieldcolumn,select
theAddedtoLibraryand/orLastUpdatedfields.EndNotepopulatestheHeadingcolumnwithyourselection.
Youcannotedit,print,orexporteitheroftheAutoDateStampfields.Youcan,however,displayandsortthesefieldsfromthe
LibrarywindowjustasyoucanwithanyotherEndNotefield.
Note:ForreferencesenteredwithEndNoteversionX1orearlier,theAddedt oLibraryfieldisleftblankandtheLastUpdatedfield
displaysthed
ateofconversiontoEndNote.
Short Title
UsetheShortTitlefieldtoentera
bbreviatedversionsoftheregulartitlewhichshouldbeusedasparto
fanin-textcitationora
footnotecitation.Thisisacommonrequestformanyofthehumanitiesstyleswhichuseashortenedformofthetitleinthecitationtohelpidentifywhichreferenceisbeingcited.Forexample,M
LAtypicallylistsjusttheauthornameandthespecificallycited
pagesinthein-textcitation:
(Perin141)
Butiftherearemultipleworksbythatauthor,MLArequiresthatthetitle,orashortenedformofitbeaddedtothecitation.Ifthe
fulltitleofthereferenceisfairlylong,suchasBurningt heMidnightOil:TalesfromWorkingtheNightShift,youshouldenteran
easilyrecognizableformofthetitlethatstartswiththefirstwordonwhichthenormaltitlew
ouldbesorted.Forexample:
(Perin,Burning141)
IfanEndNotestyleisconfiguredtousetheShortTitlefield,andthatfieldisemptyforaparticularreference,thenormalTitlefield
isusedinstead
Original Publication
UsetheOriginalPublicationfieldtoenteranyinformationabouttheoriginalpublicationthatyouneedtobeincludedinthecitedreference.F
orexample,whencitingarepublishedbookyoumightwanttoincludetheoriginalpublicationdate,aswellasanyother
supplementaryinformationa
bouttheoriginalpublication(suchasplacepublishedandpublisher).E
nterthisinformationjustas
youwouldwantittoappearinyourformattedbibliographyreference(includingtextstylesandpunctuation).
Reprint Edition
UsetheReprintEditionfieldforreferencesthatwereoriginallypublishedunderadifferenttitle.Thef ieldshouldincludetheoriginaltitleandyeartoindicatethatthisreferenceisareprintofanearlierpublication.Enterthisinformationexactlyasyouwould
wantittoappearinyourformattedreference(includingtextstylesandpunctuation).
Note:Thisfieldisnotintendedtobeusedtoindicatewhetherornotyouhaveareprintofthearticleonfile.Youmayuseoneof
thecustomfieldsforthat.
ISBN/ISSN
ISSN(InternationalStandardSerialNumber)andISBN(InternationalS
tandardBookNumber)arecodesusedtoidentifyaparticularpublication.A
nISSNnumberwouldrefertoanentirejournal(suchastheJournalofV
irology),andanISBNwouldrefertoa
particularbook.
Thesenumbershelptoidentifyaspecificpublicationifyouneededtoorderitorlocateit.ThisfieldisalsousedforReportNumber
andP
atentNumber.
DOI
ADOI(DigitalObjectIdentifier)isauniqueIDforlocatingadigitalversionofadocument,PDF,orimage.Itismostusefulifyou
areimportingreferencedataorretrievingreferencesd
irectlyfromanonlinesource.Thisfieldwasformerlytitled"Electronic
ResourceNumber."
Reviewed Item
UsetheReviewedItemfieldforarticlesorchaptersthatarecriticalreviewsofbooks,cinema,art,orotherworks.Thecontentsof
theReviewedItemfieldvariesdependingonthetypeofreviewthatyouareciting,b
uttypicallyyoushouldenterthetitleofthe
reviewedworkandthep
rimarypersonresponsibleforit(author,artist,performer,andsoon).A
dditionalinformationaboutaproductionorperformancemayalsobeincluded.E
ntertheinformationexactlyasyouwantittoappearintheformattedreferences
(includingpunctuationandtextstyles).
Call Number
TheCallNumberfieldisusedtostorelibrarycallnumbers.Thesearethecodesthathelpyoutolocateaparticularpublicationon
theshelvesinyourlibrary.Whenavailable,theEndNoteconnectionfilesimportthec allnumberinformationintothisfield.Ifyou
donotplantousethisfeature,youmayremovethefield(seeCustomizingR eferenceTypes).
Label
Labelfieldcanbeusedformanypurposes,suchasspecialin-textcitationso
rreprintnumbers.
Somecitationstyles requirethatcitationsincludeonlypartoftheauthorsname,suchas[SMIT90].EndNotecannotcreatethis
citationforyou,butifyoutype"SMIT90"intotheLabelfieldandusetheLabelfieldinyourstylescitationtemplate,EndNotewill
inserttheLabelfieldintothecitation.
IfyoudonotneedtheLabelfieldforcitationpurposes,itcanbeu
sedasanadditionalfieldforcategorizingreferencesorstoring
reprintn
umbers.(DonotuseEndNotesrecordnumberstonumberreprintsbecausethesenumberschangewhenreferencesare
movedtodifferentlibraries.E
ndNotesrecordnumberscannotbeassignedorchangedbytheuser.)
Keywords
UsetheKeywordsfieldtostorekeywordsthatyouwanttoassociatew
iththereference.YoucanrestrictasearchtojusttheKeywordsfield,s otheterms youenterintothisfieldcanbeusedtolaterretrievethereferenceswhenusingEndNotesSearchcommand.
TheKeywordstermlist(whichmaintainsalistoftermsusedintheK
eywordsfield)canbesetuptorecognizesemicolons(;),
slashes(/),b
ackslashes(\),andreturnsasthedelimitersthatseparateindividualk eywords.Ifyouwouldprefertouseotherpunctuationtoseparateyourk eywords,youmaychangethesesettingsusingtheDefineTermListscommandfromtheToolsmenu.
Related Topics:
EnteringR
eferences
EnteringS
pecialCharacters
Font,Size,a
ndStyle
PlainText
Notes and Abstract

TheN otes,ResearchNotes,andAbstractfields c aneachholdupto64,000characters,whichisequivalenttoabout16p
agesof
text.UsetheNotesfieldtostorepersonalreminders,suchasthelocationofaquotationinabookorthequotationitself.Usethe
Abstractfieldforabriefdescriptionofthecontentsofthework.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

AURL(UniformResourceLocator)isthetermfortheaddressusedtolocateaspecificpageofinformationwithyourWeb
browser.
TolinkaURLtoareferenceinyourEndNotelibrary:
1. SelectareferenceintheLibrarywindow andopent hereference.PutyourcursorintheURLfield.
2. TypeorpasteavalidURLintothefield.Forexample:
http://www.endnote.com
or
ftp://ftp.cuteftp.com
TheURLbecomesahyperlink(blueandu
nderlined).
IfyouneedtoentermultiplelinksintotheURLfield,enterthemonep
erline.AddinganyotherinformationalongwiththeURLor
pathandfilenamemaykeeptheOpenURLcommandfromsuccessfullyfindingthedesireds ite.
WhenacorrectlyformattedURLisenteredintotheURLfield,theURL>OpenURLcommandontheReferencesmenucanbe
usedtolaunchaWebbrowserandtakeyoutothatsiteorfile.
SomeonlinereferencedatabasesincludeaURLforthefulltextofanarticleonline.Whenimportingorretrievingreferences
directlyfromthesesources,theURLscanimportdirectlyintothisfieldtotakeadvantageo
ftheOpenURLcommand.Youcan
alsostoreaURLtorelatedinformationo
ntheWeborotherrelevantmaterial.
EndNoteautomaticallyrecognizesURLsiftheyareenteredwiththecorrectprefix(suchas"http://"or"ftp://)inanyfield.When
recognized,theybecomeclickableWeblinksandappearasblueandunderlinedtext.Simply clickingononeoft heselinkswill
openyourWebbrowserandgototheaddressgiven.ThisfeatureisnotspecifictotheURLfield.SeeLinkingR eferencestoWeb
SitesandFiles.
File Attachments
UsetheFileAttachmentsfieldtostorethepathtoPDFfiles(andotherfiletypes)onyourharddrive.
Note:UsetheFigurefieldtoattachagraphicorfilethatyouwanttoinsertintoaWordd
ocumentwithCiteWhileYouWrite.
TolinkafiletoareferenceinyourEndNotelibrary:
1. SelectareferenceintheLibrarywindow,o
ropenthereferenceforediting.
2. FromtheReferencesmenu,selectFileA
ttachments>AttachFile.
3. Onthefiledialog,selectafiletolinktotheselected(oropen)reference.
4. Notethecheckboxalongthebottomtitled," Copythisfiletothedefaultfileattachmentsfolderandcreatearelativelink."
Thisgivesyoutheoptionto:
l Selectthecheckb
oxtocopytheoriginalfileandplacethecopyintheDATA\PDFfolderthatispartofyourEndNote
library.
l DeselectthecheckboxtoalwayshaveEndNotelookintheoriginalfolderfortheinsertedfile.
RelativePathoranAbsolutePathforFileAttachments .
Formoreinformationaboutthisoption,seeSelectinga
5. ClickOpen.
EndNotewilldisplayaniconindicatingthetypeoffileinserted.Youc aninsertadditionalfilesintothesameFileAttachments
field.
Note:AnotherwaytolinkafiletotheFileAttachments fieldistodraganddropthefileo
ntothereferenceineithertheLibrarywindowortheReferencewindow.W
hetherthefileissavedwiththedatabaseorislinkedwithanabsolutep
athisdeterminedbythe
defaultfileattachmentsetting.SeeURLs&Links.
Note:Inordert omaintaincross-platformcompatibility,anyofthefollowingcharactersinafilenamewillbereplacedbyanunderscorewhenEndNotesavesacopyo
fthefileintheDATA\PDFfolderwitha
relativepath.
These characters are replaced with an underscore
\
(backs lash)
/
(forwards lash)
:
(colon)
*
(asterisk)
?
(questionmark)
"
(quotationm
ark)
<
(lessthan)
>
(greaterthan)
|
(verticalbar)
Formoreinformation,seeLinkinga
FiletoanEndNoteReferenceandOpeninga
LinkedFileorURL.
Toautomaticallysearchonlinetolocateandattachthef ulltextofareferenceddocument,seeFindingF
ullTextforaReference.
Related Topics:
EnteringS
pecialCharacters
Font,Size,a
ndStyle
URLs&LinksPreferences
PlainText
URL(UniformR
esourceLocator)
Figure and Caption

TheFigurefieldcancontainagraphicorfileattachment.SeeInsertingImages.
TheFigurefieldisincludedbydefaultforallreferencetypes,butyoucanremoveitfromanyreferencetypeo
rrenameitinanyreferencetype.
Note:Eachreferencecancontainonlyonegraphicorfilea
ttachment.
Thefigureitselfiscopiedtothe[libraryname].DATAfolderfoundinthesamefolderasthelibraryfile.
ArelatedCaptionfieldappearsdirectlyundertheFigurefieldinareference.Usethisfieldforashortdescriptionoftheimageor
file.
CiteWhileYouWriteallowsyoutoinsertthefigureanditscaptionintoawordprocessingdocument.SeeInsertinga
ndFormattingFiguresandTables .Figuresinmostreferencetypesw illinsertintoWordasfigures.TheonlyexceptionistheChartor
Tablereferencetype;usetheChartorTablereferencetypeifyouwanttoincludea
nimageandlaterinsertthatimageasatablein
MicrosoftWord.Tablesa
relistedandnumberedseparatelyfromfiguresinWord.
Font, Size, and Style

EndNoteisdesignedtoproducebibliographiest hatautomaticallyusethefontandsizeofthetextinyourwordprocessingd
ocuments.Normally,whenyoutypetextintoanEndNotereference,itisenteredinadefaultPlainfont,size,andstyle,which
meansthaty ourreferencesfollowthefontsettingsinyourpaper.
Ifanyfonts,sizes,orstylesotherthanthedefaultareenteredintoyourlibrary,theywillappearinyourbibliographyregardlessof
thefontofyourpaper.Forexample,youcanitalicizespeciesnames,addasuperscriptn
umber,orenterGreekcharacterssuch
as.
Toapplyfontortextstyles,selectthetexttobechangedandthens electthedesiredfont,size,orstylefromtheEditmenuorthe
Fonttoolbar.
Note:IftheFont,Size,andStyleoptionsaredim,itiseitherbecausey ouarenotinaneditingwindow (suchasaReferenceor
Stylewindow),oryouhavenotselected(highlighted)anytexttochange.Ifaspecifico
ptionisnotavailable,theparticularfont
selectedmaynotsupporttheoptionyouwant
Plain Text
ThePlainText,PlainFont,a
ndPlainSizecommandsontheEditmenuorontheTextStyletoolbarremoveoverridingfonts,text
sizes,ortextstylesfromtheselectedtextinareferenceoraStylewindow.
WhenEndNotecreatesabibliography,textinPlainFontandPlainSizeusesthefontandsizeofyourpaper.T
ousethesecommands,firstselectthetextyouwanttochange,andthens electPlainText,PlainFont,orPlainSizefromtheEditmenuorthetoolbar.
ThedefaultfontusedtodisplayEndNotes"PlainText"isthedefaultfontofyouroperatingsystem,butitcanbechangedusing
theGeneralfontoptionintheDisplayFontssectionoftheEndNotepreferences.(SelectPreferences fromtheEditmenuandclick
theDisplayFontsoption.)TheGeneralfonts ettingchangesthefontinwhichthereferencesaredisplayedbutdoesn
otaffectthe
fontofabibliographycreatedforawordprocessingdocument.
Entering Several Articles from the Same Source

Useareference"template"tofacilitateenteringaserieso
freferencesthathavesomeinformationincommon(suchasvarious
sectionsfromonebook,oranumberofpaperspresentedatthesameconference).ThetemplateyoucreateisanincompleteEndNotereferencewithjustthec ommoninformationenteredintoit.
Tocreatea
referencetemplate:
1. FromtheReferencesmenu,selectNewReference.
2. Enterallofthebibliographicinformationthatthereferenceshaveincommon(sucha
stheyear,booktitle,publisher,and
cityfordifferentsectionsfromonebook).
3. Closethereferencew henyouarefinished.ItremainsselectedintheLibrarywindow.
4. SelectCopy(Ctrl+C)fromtheEditm
enutocopyit.
5. UsethePaste(Ctrl+V)commandtopastethereferenceseveraltimes,tocreateasmanypartially-filledreferencesasyou
need.YoushouldpastedirectlytotheLibrarywindowdon
otopenanewreferenceandselectPaste.
6. Selectallofthepartially-filledreferences thaty oujustcreatedandeditthem(double-clickthem,pressEnter,ortype
Ctrl+Etoopenupto10selectedreferencesatonetime).
Completeeachoftheindividualreferences.Closeeachreferenceasy oucompleteit.andsavethembypressingCtrl+W.
Entering Special Characters

Entering Special Characters
EndNotereferencescanincludespecialcharacters,includingcharactersw
ithdiacritics,andGreek,mathematical,andtypographicalsymbols.Diacriticalc haractersareapartofstandardWindowsfonts,whilemostsymbolscanb
eenteredintheSymbol
font.
EndNoteusesUnicodetoencodespecialcharacters,s othatdatacanbeeasilytranslatedbetweenplatforms,programs,andlanguages.
EndNoteusesthedefaultlanguagesettingsetbyyouroperatingsystem.Ifthecharactersyouwishtou
serequireinstallingadifferentlanguagepack,seeSeeDisplayingExtended/SpecialC
haracters.
SpecialcharacterscanbeenteredintoEndNoteusinganyofthesetext-entrym
ethods:
l Typethecharacteronthekeyboard(ifthecharacterispartofthelanguagesupportedbythekeyboard).
l Copythecharacterfromanotherprogram,andpasteitintoyourEndNotelibrary.
l UsetheCharacterM
approgramsuppliedwithWindowsforthispurpose.
DiacriticalcharacterscanbeenteredintoEndNotereferencesandintoE
ndNotetermlists.Ifyoufrequentlyusecertaindiacritical
characters,o
rwordsthatincludediacriticalcharacters,youcanstoretheminatermlistandthenselectthemfromthelistwhen
enteringreferences.S
eeIntroductiontoTermLists.
Note:IfcharactersdonotappearastheyshouldinEndNote,seeDisplayingExtended/SpecialC
haracters.
Related Topics:
ChangingtheGeneralDisplayFont
EnteringR
eferences
Font,Size,a
ndStyle
Using Character Map

TheCharacterMapprogram(CHARMAP.EXE)issuppliedwithallversionsofW
indows.Bothdiacriticalcharactersandsymbols
canbeenteredusingt heCharacterMap:
TousetheCharacterMapprogram:
1. FromtheWindowsStart>Programsm
enu,selectAccessories,thenSystemTools,thenCharacterMap.
2. SelecttheSymbolfont,ifnecessary.(OtherfontswillreverttotheTypingD
isplayFontwhenpastedinEndNote.)
3. Double-clickthecharacter(s)youneed.
4. ClicktheCopybuttontocopythecharacterstotheClipboard.
5. ReturntoEndNote,positionthecursorinareference,thenselectPastefromtheEditmenutopastethecharacters.
Or,withbothyourEndNotereferenceo
penandCharacterMapopen,youcanclickonacharacterinCharacterM
apandthendragand-dropitintoyourEndNotereference.
Note:TheCharacterMapmayincludes omeUnicodecharacterst hatwillnotworkinyourselectedfont.Ifyouinsertacharacter
thatisnotrecognized,itwillappearinEndNoteasabox.
Inserting Figures
Inserting Figures
EndNoteextendstheorganizationofreferenceinformationbyincludingtheabilitytoembedgraphicsandfilesinanE
ndNote
libraryandlinkthemtopapers.Youcaninsertagraphic,figure,o
rfileintotheFigurefieldofanyEndNotereference.S
eeInserting
G
raphicsandFiles.
Note:WhiletheFigureandCaptionfields areincludedbyd
efaultforallreferencetypes,youcanremovethematanytimeifyou
donotintendtousethemandtheyarejusttakingupspace.S
eeAddinga
ndDeletingReferenceTypes.
OnceyouhaveafigureinyourEndNotereference,C iteWhileYouWriteallowsyoutoinsertthefigureanditscaptionintoa
word
processingdocument.S
eeInsertinga
ndFormattingFiguresandTablesformoreinformationaboutusingimageswithCiteWhile
YouWrite.
Selecting the Appropriate Reference Type

YoucaninsertagraphicorfileintotheFigurefieldofanEndNotereference.Dependingonthereferencetype,thefieldmaybe
labeledFigureorhaveacustomlabelassignedbyyou.
Bydefault,theFigureandCaptionfields areincludedinallreferencetypes.So,whileareferencetoajournalmaycontainprimarilybibliographicinformation,youcanalsoincludeanillustrationthatappearedwiththejournalarticle.
TheFigure,ChartorTable,andEquationreferencetypescanbeusedspecificallytocatalogimagesandfiles,a
ndmaycontain
minimalreferenceinformation.
Note:Figuresinthe"ChartorTable"referencetypeareinsertedintoWordastables,andarelabeledandnumberedseparately
fromthefiguresfoundinallotherreferencetypes.
ToaddorremovetheFigureandCaptionfields fromareferencetype,gototheEditmenu,selectPreferences,andselectReferenceTypes.Form
oreinformationaboutmodifyingreferencetypes,seeCustomizingtheReferenceTypes.
Inserting Graphics and Files

Notes about inserting graphics and files into the Figure field:
l Alwaysu
setheFigure>AttachFigurec ommandtoinsertgraphicsandotherfilesintotheFigurefield.Ifyousimplyuse
CopyandPaste,Systemsettingsareusedandyouc ouldultimatelylosecolorsandotherattributesfromtheoriginalfile.
l EachEndNotereferencecancontainonlyonegraphicorfileattachmentintheFigurefield.Ifyouinsertasecondgraphicor
file,itwillreplacethefirstone.ThepreviousfigureisdeletedfromtheDATAfolder.SeeStoringandSharingF
igureFiles
formoreinformationabouttheDATAfolder.
l Afterinsertingagraphic,y oushouldalwaystypeCaptiontextintotheCaptionfield,particularlyifyouintendtolaterinsert
thefigureintoaWorddocument.TheC
aptionwilllabelthegraphicinthefigurelistattheendoftheW orddocument.The
Captionalsohelpsyousearchforthefigure.
l Youcaninsertafigureo
nlyintoareferencethatcontainstheFigurefield.Ifyouneedt oaddtheFigurefieldtoareference
type,seeC ustomizingReferenceT
ypes.
l Ino
rdertomaintaincross-platformcompatibility,anyofthefollowingc haractersinafilenamewillbereplacedbyanunderscorewhenEndNotes avesacopyofthefileintheDATAfolder.
\
(backs lash)
/
(forwards lash)
:
(colon)
*
(asterisk)
?
(questionm
ark)
"
(quotationm
ark)
<
(lessthan)
>
(greaterthan)
|
(verticalb
ar)
Toinsertagraphic(picture)orotherfileintotheFigurefield:
1. Witht hereferenceopenforediting,gototheReferencesmenuandselectF
igure>AttachFigure.(TheAttachFigurecommandisalsoavailableo
nthetoolbar.)
2. ClickC
hooseFiletodisplayafiledialog.
3. LocatethegraphicfileandInsertit.EndNoterecognizesatleastthesegraphicfiletypes:
l
l
l
l
l
WindowsBitmap-BMP
>GraphicsInterchangeF
ormat-GIF
JPEGFileInterchangeFormat-JPEG
PortableNetworkGraphics-PNG
TagImageFileFormat-TIFF
ValidpicturefilesarethosethatMicrosoftW ordrecognizesaspictures.
EndNotealsorecognizesatleasttheseotherfileformats:
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
Audiofiles(WAV,MP3)
MicrosoftAccessfiles
MicrosoftExcelfiles
MicrosoftPowerPointfiles
MicrosoftProjectfiles
MicrosoftVisiofiles
MicrosoftW ordfiles
Multimediafiles(MOV,QuickTime)
Technicaldrawingfiles
Textf iles(TXT,RTF,HTML)
4. Then,o
ntheAttachFiguredialog,clickOKtocopythefiletoyourEndNoterecord.
Agraphicappearsasathumbnailwithinthereference.
Othertypesoffileswillappearasanattachment,withtheprogramiconandfilename.(Iftheapplicationusedtocreatethedocumentisnotavailableo
nyoursystem,theiconsimplygivesgenericWindowsfileinformation.)
Double-clickingonthethumbnailorfileiconwilllaunchanassociatedapplicationtoopenthefile,withthes ameeffectasifyou
haddouble-clickedthefileonyourcomputerdesktop.
Entering a Caption
ArelatedCaptionfieldappearsdirectlyundertheFigurefieldinareference.Usethisfieldforashortdescriptionoftheimageor
file.T
heCaptionfieldallowsyoutoeasilysearchforfigures.
IfyouinsertanEndNotefigureintoaWorddocumentwithCiteWhileY
ouWrite,thecorrespondingcaptionappearseitherabove
orbelowthefigureinyourpaper(theplacementisdeterminedbythecurrentoutputs tyle).
Opening the Figure File

Double-clickingonagraphicorfileiconintheFigurefieldofareferencewilllaunchanassociatedapplication(determinedbythe
filetypeandyouroperatingsystem)andopenthefilef orviewingorediting.Itisthesameasifyouhaddouble-clickedonthefigurefileonyourcomputerdesktop.Anychangestothefileares avedforthisEndNotereference.
Whenyoudouble-clickafigurefilesuchasaGIFf ile,WindowswilllookforanimageviewerlikeP
aintorPhotoViewertopreview
theimage.Theprogramu
sedtocreatethefilemaynotopen.
Storing and Sharing Figure Files

Whenyouinsertafigure,EndNotec opiesthefigurefileandplacesthecopyina[libraryname].DATAfolder,w
hichisfoundinthe
samefolderasthemainlibraryfile.ThecopiedfigurefileisspecificallylinkedtoasingleEndNotereference.
Note:SimplyputtingafigurefileintotheD
ATAfolderdoesn
otlinkitintoareference.YoumustusetheFigure>AttachF
igure
command.
Ifyoumoveyourlibrarytoadifferentcomputer,orifyouwanttos hareyourlibrarywithsomeone,remembertoalwayscopythe
.DATAfoldera
longwiththelibrary.
Related Topics:
BackingU
pYourEndNoteFiles
ConvertingfromFigurestoFileAttachments
Deletingo
rReplacingFigureFiles
EditingF
igureFiles
EnteringaC
aption
InsertingGraphicsandFiles
InsertingFigures
OpeningtheFigureFile
Selectingt heAppropriateReferenceType
Editing Figure Files

ToeditafigurestoredinanEndNotereference,openthereferencea
nddouble-clickthefigureicon.Thislaunchesanassociated
applicationtoopenthefileforediting.SeeOpeningtheFigureFile.
Editingchangesaremadetothefiles toredinthelibrarysDATAfolderforthisreference,andnottotheo
riginalfigurefilethatwas
inserted.
Note:NeverrenamefigurefileswithintheDATAfolder.EndNoteassignseachfigureauniquenamethathelpslinkittoaspecificreference.
Deleting or Replacing Figure Files

TodeleteafigurefromanEndNotereference:
1. OpentheEndNotereference,scrolltotheFigurefield,andselectthefigureicon.
2. PresstheDeletekeyoruseyourmousetoright-clicka
ndselectClear.
Deletingafigurefromthereferencea
lsodeletesitfromthe.DATAfolder.
Note:Ify ouinsertthesamefigureintwodifferentreferences,EndNotestorest wocopies ofthefigureinthe.DATAfolder.Deletingthefigurefromoneofthereferenceswillnotaffecttheotherreference.
Toreplacea
figureinanEndNotereference,youcandooneofthese:
l Opent heEndNotereferenceandattachthenewfigure.TheexistingfigureisdeletedfromtheDATAfoldera
ndisreplaced
withthenewfigure.
l Deletetheoldfigurefromthereference,andthenattachthenewfigure.
Related Topics:
EditingF
igureFiles
EnteringaC
aption
InsertingGraphicandFiles
InsertingFigures
OpeningtheFigureFile
Storinga
ndSharingFigureFiles
Converting from Figures to File Attachments

YoucanmovealinkedfilefromtheFiguresfieldtotheFileAttachmentsfieldinareference.Keepinmindthatonlyfiguresstored
intheFiguresfieldcanbecitedinMicrosoftWordwithCiteWhileYouWrite.
EarlierversionsofEndNotedidnotincludeaFileAttachmentsfield.YoumayhavelinkedafiletotheFiguresfield,andlater
decidedthaty oureallywantedtolinkthefiletotheFileAttachmentsfield.
ToconvertfilelinksfromtheFiguresfieldtotheFileAttachmentsfield:
1. Inareferencelist,highlightthereference(s)youwishtochange.Or,openaspecificreferenceforediting.
2. FromtheReferencesmenu,selectFigure,andthens electConvertFigurestoFileAttachments.
Linking to Files and Web Sites

Linking References to Web Sites and Files
EndNoteincludesaURLfieldandaFileA
ttachments fieldthatyoucanusetolinkURLsanddiskfilestoEndNotereferences.
l LinkingaURLtoanEndNoteReference
l LinkingaFiletoanEndNoteR
eference
l SelectingaRelativePathoranAbsolutePathforFileAttachments
l RemovingaLinkedFilefromF
ileAttachments
l OpeningaLinkedFileorURL
l FindingFullTextforaReference
Linking a URL to an EndNote Reference

Theterm"URL"standsfor"UniformResourceLocator"a
ndisacommontermforthe"address"usedtoidentifythelocationofan
itemonline.Mostoften,URLsrefertoWebpages,sucha
sthisexampleoftheEndNoteWebpage:
//www.endnote.com
URLscanalsobeusedtoidentifythelocationofFTP(FileTransferP
rotocol)sites.
TolinkaURLtoareferenceinyourEndNotelibrary:
1. Selecta
referenceintheLibrarywindow andopenthereference.Putyourc ursorintheURLfield.
2. TypeorpasteavalidURLintothefield.Twoexamples:
//www.endnote.com
//ftp.cuteftp.com
TheURLbecomesahyperlink(blueandunderlined).
FormoreinformationaboutlinkingtoaURL,seeURL(UniformResourceLocator).
Related Topics:
Linkinga
FiletoanEndNoteReference
Openinga
LinkedFileorURL
Linking a File to an EndNote Reference

Youcanlinkafileonyourcomputersuchasagraphic,awordprocessingd
ocument,aspreadsheet,oraPDFfiletoanEndNotereference.
TheFileAttachments optionsareavailableonlywhenasinglereferenceisselectedintheLibrarywindow,orwhenyouareediting
areference.
Note:TheFileAttachmentscommandsareavailablebothfromtheReferencesmenuandfromtheright-clickc ontext-sensitive
menu.
TolinkafiletotheFileAttachmentsfieldinareference:
1. SelectareferenceintheLibrarywindow,o
ropenthereference.
2. FromtheReferencesmenu,selectFileA
ttachments>AttachFile.
3. Onthefiledialog,selectafiletolinktotheselected(oropen)reference.
4. Notethecheckboxalongthebottomtitled," Copythisfiletothedefaultfileattachmentsfolderandcreatearelativelink."
Thisgivesyoutheoptionto:
l SelectthecheckboxtocopytheoriginalfileandplacethecopyintheDATA\PDFfolderthatispartofyourEndNote
library.
l DeselectthecheckboxtoalwayshaveEndNotelookintheoriginalfolderfortheinsertedfile.
RelativePathoranAbsolutePathforFileAttachments .
Formoreinformationaboutthisoption,seeSelectinga
5. ClickOpen.
EndNotewilldisplayaniconindicatingthetypeoffileinserted.Youc aninsertupto45filesintothesameFileAttachmentsfield.
Note:AnotherwaytolinkafiletotheFileAttachments fieldistodraganddropthefileo
ntothereferenceineithertheLibrarywindowortheReferencewindow.W
hetherthefileissavedwiththedatabaseorislinkedwithanabsolutep
athisdeterminedbythe
defaultfileattachmentsetting.SeeOpenURL/PDF.
Note:Inordert omaintaincross-platformcompatibility,anyofthefollowingcharactersinafilenamewillbereplacedbyanunderscorewhenEndNotesavesacopyo
fthefileintheDATA\PDFfolderwitha
relativepath.
\
(backs lash)
/
(forwards lash)
:
(colon)
*
(asterisk)
?
(questionmark)
"
(quotationm
ark)
<
(lessthan)
>
(greaterthan)
|
(verticalbar)
TolinkafiletoanyfieldinanEndNotereference:
1. Openthereference.
2. Typeorpaste,intoanytextfield,thepathandfilenameyouwishtolink.Forexample:
file:///C:/Documents/Word%20Tips.pdf
EndNotewilldisplaythefullpathtothefile.Thepathandfilenamebecomehyperlinkedblue,underlinedtextwhichyoucan
clicktoopenthefile.
Notethatspacesinlocalfolderandfilenamesareindicatedwith"%20."
Selecting a Relative Path or an Absolute Path for File Attachments

WhenyoulinkafiletotheFileAttachmentsfieldinareference,youh
avetheoptionofsavingarelativepathtothefileoranabsolutepatht othefile.
What is a Relative Path Versus an Absolute Path?

WhenyouinsertalinktoafilewiththeFileAttachments>AttachF
ilecommandfromtheReferencesmenu,thefiledialog
includesacheckb
oxtitled,"Copythisfiletothedefaultfileattachmentsfoldera
ndcreatearelativelink."
Relative Path (check box selected)
Whenthecheckboxisselected,EndNotemakes acopyoftheoriginalfileandplacesitintheDATA\PDFfolderthatispartof
yourEndNotelibrary.Thissavesthefileasa"portablelink"thatcanmoveaspartofthelibrary.EndNotewillalways beableto
accessthefile,evenwhenyoushareyourlibrarywithacolleague(alwaysincludethecompleteDATAfolderalongwiththe.ENL
file).However,ifyouedittheoriginalfileonyourcomputer,thosechangeswillnotbereflectedinEndNote.Youwouldneedto
clearthefilefromyourEndNotereferenceandreinsertthefile.
Absolute Path (check box blank)
Whenthecheckboxisblank,EndNotewillusethecompletepathandfilenametolookintheoriginalfolderfortheinsertedfile.
Thiscanb
ehelpfulifyouplantoedittheoriginalfile,andyouwantthosechangesreflectedwhenyouaccessthefilefromwithin
EndNote.However,ifyoue
vermovethefilefromtheoriginalfolder,EndNotewillnotbeablet oaccessitunlessyouclearthefile
fromyourEndNotereferenceandreinsertitfromthenewfolderlocation.Ifyousendyourlibrarytoa
colleague,thefilewillnotbe
available.
How Can I Tell Which Type of Path Was Used?

OpenareferencethatcontainsalinkedfileintheFileAttachmentsfield.Holdyourmousepointeroverthefileicon.
l Ifthefilewaslinkedwithanabsolutelink,EndNotewilldisplayatooltipwiththefullpathandfilenameofthelinkedfile.
l Ifthefilewaslinkedwitharelativepath,onlythefilenamewillappear,asacopyofthefileisstoredinthelibrarysDATA\PDF
folder.
YoucanalsodeterminethetypeofpathbypreviewingtheF
ileAttachmentsfield.UseanoutputstylesuchasShowAllFields,
whichincludestheFileAttachmentsfield.Inthepreview,fileattachments a
ppearas:
Absolute Path:
C:\DocumentsandSettings\AllUsers\Documents\EndNoteFilename_MyFile.PDF
RelativePath:
Filename_MyFile.PDF
Selecting a Default Setting for the Path

Sinceyoulikelywillwantallofyourlinkedfilestreatedthesamew
ay,youcanselectadefaultsettingforthe"Copythisfiletothe
defaultfileattachmentsfolderandcreatearelativelink"checkbox.YoucanchangethedefaultsettingfromthePreferences
panel.SeeURLs&
LinksPreferences.
Youstillhavetheoptiontooverridethedefaultsettingeachtimey ouinsertafileintotheFileAttachmentsfield.
Converting Absolute Paths to Relative Paths

IfyouareworkingwithalibrarythatwascreatedwithaversionofE
ndNotepriortoversionX,allofyourexistinglinkedfilesare
savedw
ithabsolutepaths.Youcaneasily changeyourabsolutepathstorelativep
aths,whichwillallowyoutoeasilyshareyour
library,alongwithlinkedfiles,withcolleagues.
Toconvertabsolutepaths torelativepaths:
1. Beforeyoubegin,backupyourEndNotelibrary.T
hischangecannotbereversed.
2. IntheLibrarywindow,highlightthereferencesy ouwishtomodify.
3. FromtheReferencesmenu,selectFileAttachments>ConverttoRelativeLinks.
Foreachselectedreference,EndNotelocateseachfilelinkedintotheF
ileAttachmentsfieldandcopiesthosefilesintothe
DATA\PDFfolderforthelibrary.
Inserting the Same File Again

Ifyoutrytoinsertalinktothesamefilenameagaininthesamereference,y ourresultsaredifferentdependingonwhetheryouare
insertingfilesw
itharelativepathoranabsolutepath.
Relative Path:BecausetherelativepathalwayspointstothelibrarysDATA\PDFfolder,amessagewillwarnyouthatyoucannotinsertthesamefileagainw
iththesamename.Youhavetheoptiontoeitherreplacethecurrentlinkorgivethenewlylinked
fileanewname.
Absolute Path:Becauseyoucouldh
aveseveralabsolutepathspointingtothesamefilenameindifferentfolders,itispossibleto
linktothesamefilenamenumeroustimes.Wheny ouholdyourmousepointerovereachfileiconintheFileAttachmentsfield,the
tooltipwilldisplaythefullpathandfilename.
Related Topics:
ConvertReferenceManagerDatabasetoEndNote
FileAttachments
LinkingaFiletoanEndNoteReference
LinkingaURLtoanEndNoteReference
OpeningaLinkedFileorURL
RemovingaLinkedFilefromFileAttachments
SavingaCopyofanAttachedFile
Saving a Copy of an Attached File

WhetheranattachedfileissavedwitharelativepathinalibrarysD ATA\PDFfolder,orwithanabsolutepathtoaspecificlocation,youcansaveacopyoftheattachedfiletoanylocation.
Tosaveacopyofanattachedfilefromanopenreference:
1. Openandviewthereference.
2. ScrolltotheFileAttachments fieldandhighlightthefileiconforthefileyouwanttocopy.
3. FromtheReferencesmenu,selectFileAttachmentsandthenSaveAs.Orusetheright-clickm
enutoselectFileAttachmentsandthenSaveAs.
4. Usethefiledialogtoselectafolder,enterafilename,andSavethefile.
Tosaveacopyofanattachedfilefromareferencelist:
1. Highlightthereferenceinthelist.
2. FromtheReferencesmenu,selectFileAttachmentsandthenSaveAs.Orusetheright-clickm
enutoselectFileAttachmentsandthenSaveAs.
3. Usethefiledialogtoselectafolder,enterafilename,andSavethefile.
Note:Fromareferencelist,ifmorethanonefileisattachedtothereference,onlythefirsto
neissavedtodisk.
Related Topics:
FileAttachments
LinkingaFiletoanEndNoteReference
LinkingaURLtoanEndNoteReference
OpeningaLinkedFileorURL
RemovingaLinkedFilefromFileAttachments
Removing a Linked File from File Attachments

Beforeyouremovealinkedfile,pleasemakesureyouhaveabackupo
ftheoriginalfile.Thisprocesscannotbeundone.
ToremovealinkedfilefromtheFileAttachmentsfield:
1. Openthereferenceforediting.
2. ScrolltotheFileAttachments fieldandhighlightthefileiconyouwishtoremove.
Note:Y
oucanholdyourmousepointeroverthefileiconintheFileAttachments fieldtodisplaythepathandfilenameof
thelinkedfile.
3. FromtheEditmenu,selectClear.
Ifthefilewaslinkedwithanabsolutepath,theFileAttachmentsfieldn
olongerpointstothefile.Theoriginalfileremainsintact.
Ifthefilewaslinkedwitharelativepath,thatfileisdeletedfromt helibrarysDATA\PDFfolder,andtheFileAttachmentsfieldno
longerpointstoit.Youwillnotbeabletoreinsertthelinkunlessyouhavetheoriginalfilestoredelsewhereony ourcomputer.
Opening a Linked File or URL

Onceavalid,hyperlinkURLorpathandfilenameappearinareference,y oucanopenthereferenceandclickthehyperlinktextor
icontoopenthelinkedURLorfile.
Or,fromtheReferencesmenu,usetheURL>OpenURLorFileAttachments>
OpenFilecommandtolookspecificallyinthe
URLfieldorFileAttachmentsfieldtoopentheInternetsiteorlinkedfile.
YoumusthavethenecessaryprograminstalledonyourcomputerinorderforEndNotetoopenafilecreatedbyanotherprogram.
Forexample,toopenaPDFfile,youmusthaveAdobeAcrobat,AdobeAcrobatReader,ora
notherprogramthatcanreadPDF
filesinstalledonyourcomputer.
Similarly,EndNotedoesnotincludeaWebbrowser.Ifyoudonotalreadyh
aveabrowserinstalled,youwillneedtoinstallone
beforeusingthisfeaturetoopenalinktoaWebsite.
Using the Open Link and Open File Commands

TheURL>OpenURL(Ctrl+G)andFileAttachments>OpenFile(Ctrl+Alt+P)commandsontheReferencesmenucanbeused
tolaunchaURLoropenalinkedfileenteredintoanEndNotereferenceunderthefollowingconditions:
l WhenjustonereferenceisselectedintheLibraryw indow,theOpenURLcommandopensthefirstURLthatislistedin
thatreferencesURLfield.TheOpenFilecommandopensthefirstlinkedfilethatislistedinthatreferencesFileAttachmentsfield.
l Whenmultiplereferencesareselected,EndNotec heckstheURLorFileAttachmentsfieldineachoftheselectedreferences(intheorderlisted),andopens thefirstlinkitfinds.
l IfyouneedtoentermultiplelinksintotheU RLfieldofonereference,enterthemoneperline.EndNotewillo
penthefirst
linkinthefieldwhenyouselectOpenURLorOpenFile.Ifyouhavemultiplelinks,youcanclickonanyoneofthemtoactivatethelink.(WerecommendthatyouentermultipleURLsons eparatelines.However,ifmorethanoneURLisentered
onasingleline,separatedbysemicolons,holddowntheAltk eywhileyouclickontheURLyouwishtoopen.)
To open a linked file or Internet site from the URL field:
YoucouldopenthereferenceandclickonthehyperlinkfoundintheU
RLfield.Or,
1. SelectoropenareferenceintheLibrarywindow.
2. FromtheReferencesmenu,selectURL>OpenU
RL(Ctrl+G).
TheOpenURLcommandopensthelinkedURLwithyourdefaultbrowser,o
ropensalinkedfilewiththeappropriateprogram.
ToopenalinkedfilefromtheFileAttachmentsfield:
YoucouldopenthereferenceandclickonthefileiconfoundintheF
ileAttachments field.Or,
1. SelectoropenareferenceintheLibrarywindow.
2. FromtheReferencesmenu,selectFileAttachments>OpenFile(Ctrl+Alt+P).
TheOpenFilecommandopensthelinkedfilewiththeappropriateprogram.
Ifthefilewaslinkedwitharelativepath,EndNotelooksinthelibrary'sD
ATA\PDFfoldertofindthefile.Ifthefilewaslinkedwith
anabsolutepath,EndNotelooksforthefileintheo
riginalfolderfromwhichitwasinserted.
Note:PleaseseeS
electingaRelativePatho
ranAbsolutePathforFileAttachmentsforinformationaboutthedifference
betweenafilelinkedwitharelativepathandafilelinkedw
ithanabsolutepath.
Related Topics:
FindingF
ullTextforaReference
Linkinga
Linkinga
URLtoanEndNoteReference
Spell Checking
Spell Checking
TobeginusingEndNotesspellchecker,y oumusthaveanopenrecordastheactivewindow.Iftheactivewindowd
oesnotdisplayanopenrecord,thespellcheckcommandisdisabled.
Iftextishighlightedintheactiverecord,thatselectionischeckedf irst,andthenyouarepromptedtochecktherestoftherecord.
Iftherea
reotheropenrecords,youarethenpromptedtocheckthoserecords.
EndNotesspellcheckercancheckspellingaccuracyinallfields excepttheAuthorfields (Author,SecondaryAuthor,Tertiary
Author,SubsidiaryA
uthor,andTranslatedAuthor)andtheURL,Figure,andFileAttachmentsfields.
Starting Spell Check

Tostarts pellchecking:
1. Opentherecord(s)youwishtocheck.
2. (Optional)Ify ouwanttocheckonlyaportionofthetext,highlightonlythatt ext.
3. FromtheToolsmenu,selectSpellCheck.
Note:Theseareotherwaystostartspellchecking:right-clickthemouseandselectSpellCheckfromthemenu,orclickthe
SpellChecktoolbarbutton.
4. IfEndNotefindsa
wordthatisnotfoundintheselecteddictionaries,itdisplaysa
CheckSpellingdialog.
TheCheckSpellingdialogworksjustlikeaspellcheckerinawordp
rocessor.Foracompletedescriptionofeachbuttononthe
CheckSpellingdialog,clicktheHelpbutton.
Spell Check Options and Dictionaries

YoucanaccessSpellCheckOptionsa
ndDictionariesintwoways:
l Fromt heEditmenu,selectPreferences.Atthebottomoftheleftc olumn,clickSpellCheck.AnOptionsbuttonandaDictionariesbuttona
ppear.
l StartSpellCheck.WhenEndNotedetectsamisspelledw
ord,theSpellCheckdialogappears.AnOptionsbuttonanda
Dictionariesb
uttonareavailableonthedialog.
ForinformationabouttheSpellCheckOptionsa
ndDictionariespreferences,includingalistofdictionariessuppliedw
ithEndNote,seeSpellCheckPreferences.
Changing Text in References

Change Fields
TheChangeFieldstaballowsyoutochangethecontentsofafieldforthereferencesthatare"showing"intheLibrarywindow.
Caution:YoucannotundotheChangeFieldsoperation.Onceyouperformthisoperation,EndNotechangesthedatainthe
selectedfieldinallthereferencesinthecurrentLibrarywindow.Werecommendthatyoumakeabackupcopyofyourlibrary
beforemakingchanges.
Tochangethecontentsofafield:
1. Determinewhichreferencesyouwanttom
odify.MakesureonlythosereferencesareshowingintheLibraryw
indow.Considerbackingupyourlibrarybeforemakinganychanges.
2. FromtheToolsmenu,selectChange/M
ove/CopyFieldstodisplaytheChangeFieldstab.
3. Fromthe"SelectaField"list,selectthefieldthatyouwanttomodify.
4. Selectoneofthefollowingoptions:
l Insert after fields textappendstextattheendofthechosenfield.Itdoesnotm
odifythetextalreadyinthe
field.
Bydefault,whenyouselectthisoption,the"Includeaspacebeforethenewtext"checkb
oxisselectedat
thebottomofthedialog,toinsertaspacebetweentheexistingtextandthenewtext.
l Insert before fields textinsertsthetextatthebeginningofthechosenfield.Itdoesnotmodify textthatis
alreadyinthefield.
Bydefault,whenyouselectthisoption,the"Includeaspaceafterthenewtext"checkb
oxisselectedatthe
bottomofthedialog,toinsertaspacebetweenthenewtextandtheexistingtext.
l Replace whole field withreplacestheentirecontentsofthefieldwiththetextenteredinthetextb
ox.
l Clear fieldd
eletestheentirecontentso
fthechosenfield.Youcannotentertextinthet extbox.
l Change Case appliesnewcaseformattingtotheentirecontentsofafield.Optionsinclude:Sentencecase,lowercase,UPPERCASE,EveryWord,andtOGGLEcASE.Youcannotentertextintheinthetextbox.
5. Inthetextbox,typethetextthatyouwanttoaddtothefield.ToenteraCarriageReturnorTabinthetextbox,usethe
InsertSpecialb
utton.
6. Select(highlight)thetextthatyouenteredinthetextbox,andthenselectafontstyle:Bold,Italics,Underline,Plain,Superscript,Subscript,orSymbolFont.Thisfieldisoptional.
7. ClicktheOKButton.EndNotewillasky outoconfirmthechanges.ThedialogEndNotepresentsprovidesthisinformation:
l Howmanyreferenceswillbechanged
l Thelibraryinwhichthechangeswillbemade
l Thetypeofchangethatwillbemade
8. ClickOKtocontinuewiththechangesorclickC
anceltocanceltheoperation.
Related Topics:
FindandReplace
ChangingT
extinReferences
CommonU
sesforFindandReplaceText,ChangeField,andMoveField
Move/CopyFields
Changing Text in References

Globaleditingcommandsmakeiteasytokeepyourreferencedataconsistent.
l TheFindandReplacecommandisavailablefromtheEditmenu
l TheChange/Move/Copy FieldscommandisavailablefromtheToolsmenu.
TheFindandReplacecommandsearchesfortextinyourlibrary,andeitherdeletesthattextorreplacesitwithothertextthatyou
specify.TheChangeFields c ommandmodifiesanyfieldinyourlibrarybyeitherinsertingtextatthebeginningorendofthefield,
replacingallcontentsofthefieldw ithdifferenttext,ordeletingthecontentsofthefield.TheMove/CopyFieldscommandmoves
theentirecontentsofafieldtoadifferentf ield.
Note:Besurethaty ouhaveacurrentbackupofyourlibrary;theseoperationscannotbeu
ndonewiththeUndocommand.
Related Topics:
CommonU
sesforFindandReplace,ChangeField,andMoveField
EnteringR
eferences
ModifyingTerms
Common Uses for Find and Replace, Change Field, and Move Field
Correcting consistently misspelled words or names.
UsetheFindandReplacecommandfromtheEditmenutosearchforthemisspelledtermandreplaceitwiththecorrectspelling.
Updating authors names.
Theremaybevariationsofanauthorsnameinyourdata.Forexample," JoeCool","JoeA.Cool","J.A.Cool.",a
ndsoon.Since
somestylespreferwholenamesandothers abbreviatedfirstandmiddlenames,itisbesttoupdatenamestofullnamesand
leavetheworkofabbreviatingtotheEndNotestyles.
Marking the result of a search for easy retrieval.
Ifyouhavedevelopedacomplexsearchtolocateasetofreferences,useChangeFieldstoaddauniquekeywordtothosereferences,sothatthenexttimeyouwanttoretrievethatset,youcanjustsearchforthek eyword.
Cleaning up your keywords.
YoucanaddakeywordtoagroupofreferencesusingChangeFields.U
seFindandReplacetoreplaceatermwithanewone.If
thereisakeywordthatyounolongerwantinyourreferences,useFindandReplacetosearchforthattextandreplaceitwithnothing,therebydeletingit(youmightalsowanttoopenyourtermlistanddeleteitfromtheresothatyoud
onotusethattermagain).
Dating or labeling a set of imported references.
Itcanbeusefultoaddthedateorsourceofdatatoabatchofnewlyimportedreferences.Onlytheimportedreferencesare"showing"intheLibrarywindowafterimporting.Atthispoint,useChangeFieldstoaddawordorphrasetoanyfieldinjustthosereferences.
Moving fields of information in a set of imported references.
MaybeyourimportfilterorconnectionfileconsistentlysentNoteinformationtotheAbstractfield.UsetheMoveFieldsoptionto
cutallinformationfromtheA
bstractfieldandmoveitintotheNotesfield.Dontforgettoupdateyourfilterorconnectionfilesoit
directsinformationtothecorrectfieldnexttime!
Related Topics:
ChangeFields
ChangingT
extinReferences
FindandReplace
Move/CopyFields
Move / Copy Fields

TheMove/CopyFieldstaballows youtomoveandcopyfielddata.Bothcommandsapplytoallo
fthereferencest hatare"showing"intheselectedLibrarygroup.
l TheMoveFields optionallowsyoutomovetheentirecontentsofonefieldtoa
notherfieldwithinareference.Alldata,
includinganyformattingthatyouappliedtothes ourcefield,ismovedtothedestinationfield.
Caution:Youc annotundotheM
oveoperation.Onceyouperformthisoperation,EndNoteremovesthesourcef ieldfrom
allthereferencesintheLibrarywindow.Werecommendthatyoum
akeabackupcopyofyourlibraryb
eforemaking
changes.
l TheCopyoptionallowsyoutocopytheentirecontentsofonefieldtoanotherfieldwithinareference.Boththesourcefield
andthedestinationfieldwillc ontainthesamedata.Alldataretainsanyformattingthatyouappliedtothesourcefieldand
tothedestinationfield.
Note:TheMove/CopyFieldsfeatureisusefulwhenyouwanttom
oveorcopyfielddatainasetofimported/exportedreferencesfromanonlined
atabase.
Tomove/copythecontentsofonefieldtoanother:
1. Determinewhichreferencesyouwanttomodify.Selectagroupa
ndmakesureonlythosereferencesareshowinginthe
Librarywindow.
2. FromtheToolsmenu,selecttheChange/Move/CopyFields command.
3. ClicktheMove/CopyFieldstab.
4. Inthedialogthatappears:
Selectthe"MoveField"radiobuttontomoveinformationtoa
notherfield.
Selectthe"CopyField"radiobuttontocopyinformationtoa
notherfield.
5. Usethe"From"listtoselectthesourcefieldfromwhichyouwanttomoveorcopythedata.
6. Usethe"To"listtoselectthedestinationfieldtowhereyouwanttomoveorcopythedata.
7. Selectoneofthefollowingoptions:
l Insertafterfield'stext(thedefaultoption)
l Insertbeforefield'stext
l Replaceentirefield
8. ClickOKtomoveo
rcopythedatafromonefieldtoanotherfieldwithineachreferencethatisc urrentlyshowinginthe
Librarywindow.ClickCanceltostoptheoperation.
WhenusingtheMoveoption,youhavethechoiceofinsertingthemovedtextbeforeorafterthedatainthedestinationfieldor
replacingtheentirecontentsofthedestinationfield.Inthelattercase,youhavetheadditionaloptionofwhetherornottomove
emptyfields.Ifyouclear"Dontmoveemptyfields,"checkbox,thenanyreferencewithanemptyoriginatingfielddeletesthecon-
tentsofthecorrespondingdestinationfield(andtherebymakingitemptyaswell).Ifthisoptionisturnedon,thecontentsofthe
destinationfieldwillnotbedeletediftheoriginatingfieldisempty.
Related Topics:
ChangeFields
FindandReplace
ChangingT
extinReferences
CommonUsesforFindandReplace,ChangeField,andMoveField
Find and Replace

UsetheFindandReplacecommandtofindtextinyourreferencesandreplaceitwithothertext.Changescanberestrictedtoa
particularfieldiny ourreferences.YoucanalsoapplyMatchCaseandMatchWordsrestrictions.
Caution:TheUndoc ommandcannotbeusedtoundotheresultsoftheFindandReplacecommand.M
akesureyouhavea
backupbeforemakingchanges.
Tochangeanytextinyourreferences:
1. DecidewhichreferencesyouwantEndNotetoscanwhenitlooksfortexttochange.Makesureonlythosereferencesare
showingintheLibrarywindow.Usethefollowingcommandstocontrolw
hichreferencesareshowing:ShowAllReferences,HideSelectedReferences,ShowSelectedReferences,orSearchLibrary.
2. FromtheEditmenu,selectFindandReplace.
3. FromtheSelectaFieldlist,selectthef ieldtobesearched
4. Inthe"Find"textbox,typethetextyouwishtochange.ToenteraCarriageReturnorTabinthetextbox,usetheInsert
Specialb
utton(Alt+S).
5. ChangetheMatchCaseorMatchWordssettingsifnecessary.
Bydefault,theMatchWordsoptionisalwaysselected.Ifyouchangethissetting,paycloseattentiontowhetherornotthe
termyouarec hangingcouldappearaspartofanotherwordorinadifferentcontextdependingonthecapitalization.
6. Inthe"Replacewith"textbox,typethetextthatshouldreplacetheoriginaltext.Toentera
CarriageReturnorTabinthe
textbox,usetheInsertSpecialbutton( Alt+S).
7. SelecttheRetainCapitalizationoptiont omaintainthesamecapitalizationasthetextbeingreplaced.
RetainCapitalizationshouldbeselectedifreplacingatermthatmighta
ppearwithdifferentcapitalization.Forexample,
anywordmayhaveitsfirstlettercapitalizedifitisthefirstwordinatitle,butm
ayalsoappearinalllowercaseinother
places.DonotselectRetainC
apitalizationifyouarereplacinganacronymwithitsunabbreviatedversion.
8. ClicktheChangebuttontosearchtheselectedreferencesforthespecifiedtextandreplaceitwiththenewtext.Before
replacinganytext,EndNotedisplaysadialogandpresentsprovidesthisinformation:
l Whichreferencesweresearched
l Whattextwillbereplaced
l Howmanyreferenceswerefoundtoincludethetextinthespecifiedfield
l Whattextwillreplaceit
9. ClickOKifallofthoseitemsarecorrect.EndNotereplacesthetextanddisplaysthenumberofreferencesthatwere
changed.
To globally change a reference type:
YoucaneasilychangeareferencetypeofasinglereferencebyselectingthatreferenceandgoingtotheReferencewindow.In
thetoolbar,opentheReferenceTypemenu,andthenselecttheneededreferencetype.Wheny oureturntotheLibrarywindow,
theRefTypecolumnwillshowthenewreferencetypethatyouselected
Thefollowinginstructionsmaybeusedtochangethereferencetypeforallreferencestoanotherreferencetype.
1. GototheLibrarywindowandclicktheR
efTypecolumnheadingtosortallreferencetypesofthesametype.
2. DecidewhichreferencetypeyouwantEndNotet ochange.MakesureonlythosereferencesareshowingintheLibraryw indowthatyouwanttochange.Usethefollowingcommandstocontrolw
hichreferencesareshowing:ShowAllReferences,
HideSelectedReferences,S
howSelectedReferences,orSearchLibrary.
4. FromtheSelectaFieldlist,selecttheR eferenceTypeoptionthatappearsatthebottomofthelist.Itisthelastoptionin
thelist.
5. Inthe"Searchfor"box,typethereferencetypethatyouwanttochange.
Bydefault,theMatchWordsoptionisalwaysselected.Ifyouchanget hissetting,paycloseattentiontowhetherornotthe
termyouarec hangingcouldappearaspartofanotherword(forexample,NewspaperA
rticle).
7. Inthe"Changethetextto:"b
ox,typethereferencetypethatshouldreplacetheoriginalreferencetype.
9. ClickChangetosearchthereferencetypesforthespecifiedtextandreplaceitwiththenewtext.Beforereplacinga
nyreferencetype,EndNotehasyouverifythechange.ThedialogE
ndNotepresentsprovidesthisinformation:
l Whatreferencetypewillbereplaced
l Howmanyreferenceswerefoundofthespecifiedreferencetype.
l Whatreferencetypewillreplaceit
10. ClickOKifallofthoseitemsarecorrect.E
ndNotereplacesthereferencetypeanddisplaysthenumberofreferencesthat
werechanged.
Important Points About the Find and Replace Command

l TheFindandReplaceTextcommandappliesonlytothereferencesshowingintheLibrarywindow.
l WhenusingFindandReplace,thenewtextdoesnotadoptthetextstyleofthetextbeingreplaced.Forexample,ifyou
replaceanitalicizedwordorphrase,thenewtextwill notbeitalicized.Inthisinstance,EndNotechangesthetexttothe
currentstyle(forexample,PlainTextandPlainSize).
l Ifyouneedtosearchfortextandthendeleteit,simplyleavethe"Changethetextto"boxempty.
l WhenusingtheRetainCapitalizationoption,EndNotemaintainsALLCAPITALLETTERSand"Sentencestyle"c apitalization.Itwillnotrecognize"HeadlineStyle."Ifthefirstletterofthetexttobereplacedislowercase,thereplacement
textwillbecapitalizedexactlyasitwasenteredinthedialog.
l ToenteraCarriageReturnorTabinthetextbox,usetheInsertSpecialbutton.
Related Topics:
ChangeFields
ChangingT
extinReferences
CommonU
sesforFindandReplace,ChangeField,andMoveField
Move/CopyFields
Searching Online Databases

Introduction to Searching Online Databases
Introduction to Searching Online Databases
UsingEndNotesOnlineSearchcommands,youcansearchonlinebibliographicd
atabasesjustaseasily asyoucansearchan
EndNotelibraryonyouro
wncomputer.TheresultsofyoursearchescanbedownloadedeithertoatemporaryEndNotelibraryor
directlyintoyourownEndNotelibrary.
How Does It Work?
EndNoteisabletoprovideaccesstotheseremotesourcesusinganinformationretrievalprotocolcalledZ39.50iswidelys upportedbylibrariesandinformationprovidersaroundtheworldasac onvenientmethodtoaccess theirlibrarycatalogsandreferenced
atabases.
EndNotestorestheinformationnecessarytoconnecttoands earchtheseo
nlinedatabasesinindividualconnection files.Preconfiguredc onnectionfilesareprovidedforanumberofthesesources.Ifnecessary,y oucanalsocustomizeorconfigureyour
ownconnections toZ39.50-compliantd
atabases(seeEditingaConnectionFileandCreatingConnectionFiles).
Note:Iftheonlined
atabasethatyouaccessisnotavailableonaZ39.50server,EndNotew illnotbeabletoconnectdirectlyto
it.WesuggestthatyousubmitarequestforZ39.50compatibilitytoyourlibrarianortheinstitutionthatprovidesaccesstothe
database.Youcanstillimportreferencesd
ownloadedfromnon-Z39.50databases.SeeGeneralImportingInstructions.
Related Topics:
EstablishingtheConnection
HowtoSearchanOnlineDatabase
Retrievinga
ndSavingReferences
WhatEndNoteSearchingOffers
What EndNote's Searching Offers

EndNotessearchinterfaceprovidesasimplewaytodobasicsearchesonEndNotelibrariesandonlinedatabases.Thesame
Searchpanelisusedf orbothpurposes.
Thissearchinterfaceisnotintendedtoreplacetheadvancedsearcho
ptionsthatmaybeavailableusingthesearchinterface
offeredbyyourinformationprovider.Theremaybetimeswhenyouwanttousetheinformationp
roviderssearchinterface(for
example,totakeadvantageofathesauruso
fsearchterms)andthenimportthosereferencesintoEndNote.Thisiss tillanoption
usingEndNotesImportcommand(seeImportingR eferenceDataintoEndNote).Butonceyouknowthetermsthatyouw
antto
useinyoursearches,beingabletoretrievethenecessaryreferencesdirectlyfromEndNoteisaveryfastandefficientapproach.
Related Topics:
IntroductiontoSearchingOnlineDatabases
Retrievinga
ndSavingReferences
How to Search an Online Database

Theprocessofsearchinganonlinedatabaseisverysimilartosearchinga
nEndNotelibrary.Herearethebasicstepsinvolved;
moredetaileddescriptionso
fthesestepsareprovidedinadditionalhelptopics.
First, Choose Integrated or Online Search Mode

YoucandownloadfoundreferencesdirectlyintoanexistingEndNotelibrary(withIntegratedMode)orintoatemporarylibrary
(withOnlineS
earchmode).
Usingatemporarylibraryishelpfulifyouwanttoexperimentwithp
otentialsearchstrategies,orrefineasearchstrategy.Youcan
retrieveb
atchesofreferences withoutaffectingyourpermanentlibrary,andthenc opyonlyselectedreferencesintoyourpermanentlibrary.
Tosavereferencesdirectlyintoyourlibrary:
1. OpentheEndNotelibrarythatwillreceivethed
ownloadedreferences.
2. Atthefarleftofthetoolbar,makesureIntegratedLibrary&OnlineSearchModeisselected(theicono
ntheleft),sothatall
commandsandgroupsareavailable.
Whenyoudownloadreferencesfromtheonlinedatabase,theywillbes avedtotheopenlibrary(thelibrarynameappearsatthe
topofthew indow).Ifyoudownloadreferencesthatyoufindyoudonotwant,youm
ustdeletethemfromthelibrary.
Tostorereferencesinatemporarylibrary:
1. CreateanewEndNotelibraryoropenanyexistinglibrary.
2. Onthetoolbar,selectOnlineSearchMode(theiconontheright),sothatonlyOnlineSearchgroups andcommandsa
re
available.
Whenyoudownloadreferencesfromtheonlinedatabase,theywillbes toredinatemporarylibrary(ratherthanalibraryname,the
topofthewindowindicatesOnlineMode).Inordertosavereferencespermanently,y oumustuseeithertheReferences>Copy
Referencestocommandtoc opyselectedreferencestoaneworexistinglibraryortheCopytoLocalLibraryiconfromthetoolbar.
Whenyouclosethetemporarylibrary,allreferencesinitwillbelost.
IfyouinitiateanonlinesearchwhileinLocalLibraryMode,thedisplayw
illautomaticallyswitchtoOnlineSearchMode.
Then, Search and Download References
Tosearchandretrievereferencesfromaonlinedatabase:
1. Initiatetheonlinesearchinoneofthesetwow
ays:
l FromtheToolsmenu,selectOnlineSearchtodisplaythefullcollectionofconnectionfiles.Or,click"more"u
nderthe
OnlineSearchgroups.)Selecttheonlinedatabasethatyouw
ouldliketosearch,andthenclickChoose.SeeSelectinga
ConnectionFile.)
Whentheconnectionhasbeenestablished,theSearchpanelappearsreadyforyoutoenterasearch.
l Onceyouhavesearchedanonlinedatabase,ormarkedthedatabaseasafavoritewiththeConnectionManager,it
appearsinanOnlineSearchlistintheGroupspaneloftheLibraryw
indow.(SeePickingYourF
avoriteConnectionFiles.)
IntheOnlineSearchlist,clickonthedatabaseyouwishtosearch.E
ndNoteconnectstotheonlinedatabaseanddisplays
theSearchpanel.
2. Enteryoursearchrequestinthesearchfields ontheSearchpanel,a
ndthenclickSearch.
EndNotesearchesthedatabaseanddisplaysthenumberofreferencesthatwerefoundtomatchyoursearchcriteria.
3. ClickOKtoretrievethereferences.
Ifyouwouldliketopauseduringrecordretrieval,clickOptionsands electPause.Whenyouarereadytocontinue,click
OptionsandselectR
esume.
Note:Theconnectiontotheonlinedatabaseismaintainedonlyuntilthesearchiscompleteda
ndthematchingreferencesare
retrieved;whenthereferences aredownloaded,y ouareautomaticallydisconnected.Eachtimeyouinitiateanothersearch,E
ndNotereconnects.
Next, Determine Which References to Keep
If you are working in Integrated Library & Online Search Mode:
AllreferencesarealreadysavedtothecurrentEndNotelibrary,andaredisplayedinagroupunderOnlineSearch.
Ifyoudecideyoudonotwanttokeepanyoftheretrievedreferences,displaythegroupofreferencesandclickinthelist,gotothe
EditmenuandSelectAll,andthengototheReferencesmenuandselectMoveReferencestoTrash.
YoucanalsohighlightindividualreferencesandselectReferences>MoveReferencestoTrash.(YoucanuseCtrl+click to
selectnon-contiguousreferencesinthelist, oruseShift+clicktoselectarangeofreferences.)
If you are working in Online Search Mode:
Theretrievedreferencesarestoredinatemporarylibrary.R
atherthanalibrarynameatthetopofthewindow,EndNotedisplays
OnlineMode.
Tosavealloftheretrievedreferences,clickinthelisto
freferences,gototheEditmenuandSelectAll,andthendooneofthese:
l GototheReferencesmenuandselectCopyReferencestoinordertoselectaneworexistinglibraryandcopythehighlightedreferencestothatselectedlibrary
l Or,clicktheCopytoLocalLibraryicononthetoolbartoquicklycopythehighlightedreferencestothecurrentlya
ctive
library
YoucouldalsohighlightonlyindividualreferencesbeforecopyingthemtoanEndNotelibrary.(UseCtrl+click toselectnon-contiguousreferencesinthelist,oruseS
hift+clicktoselectarangeofreferences.)
Thereferencesarecopiedtotheselectedlibraryandared
isplayedinaCopiedReferencesgroup.Eachtimeyoucopyreferences
intoanEndNotelibrary,theCopiedReferencesgroupisreplacedwitht henewsetofreferences.Previouslycopiedreferences
remaininthelibrary;theyarejustnolongerpartofthelatestCopiedReferencesg
roup.
AnotherwaytosavereferencesdownloadedinOnlineSearchM
odeistousetheCopyandPastecommandsfromtheEditmenu
tocopyindividualreferencesfromOnlineSearchModeandthenpastethemintoL
ocalLibraryMode.
Leave Online Search mode in one of these ways:

l ClickonLocalLibrarymode,whichleaves OnlineS
earchModeintact.Youcanswitchbetweenthesetwomodeswithout
losingthecurrentOnlineSearchdata.
l ClickonIntegratedMode.ThisclosesthecurrentOnlineSearchModesession.AnyreferencesinOnlineSearchModeare
discarded,somakesureyoufirstcopyreferencesyouwanttokeepintoyourpermanentlibrary.
l Clickthecornerclosebutton.Thisclosesthee
ntireEndNotelibrary(allmodes).AnyreferencesinOnlineSearchModeare
Related Topics:
DiscardingD
uplicateReferences
FreeDatabases
IntroductiontoConnectionFiles
Retrievinga
ndSavingReferences
UsingZ
39.50Command-LineSyntax
WhatifYourDatabaseIsn'tListed?
Selecting a Connection File

Selecting a Connection File
Beforeanonlinesourcemaybesearched,youmustfirstconnecttoitbyselectingthecorrespondingconnection file.TheconnectionfiletellsEndNotewhichonlinedatabaseyouwanttosearch,wheretofinditonline,andwhatsearchoptionsareavailable
forit.
Access- Restricted Databases

EndNotecomeswithpre-configuredconnectionfilestofreereferenced
atabasesandlibrarycatalogsaswellasdatabasesthat
requirepaymenta
nd/orauthenticationforaccess.Mostofthedatabasesofferedbythec ommercialinformationproviders(Ovid,
OCLC,DIMDI,SilverPlatter,andsoon)requireanaccountforaccess.Thereare,however,numerousdatabasesthatareavailableatnocosttoyou,andnoaccountisrequired(seeFreeDatabases)
Note:Togainaccess toarestricteddatabase,youwillneedtocontacttheinformationproviderd
irectlytosetupanaccount.
ThomsonReutersdoesnotcontrolaccesstoanyofthesources.
Whenyouattempttoconnecttoarestricteddatabase,bydefaultEndNotep
romptsyoutoenteryouruserIDand/orpassword.If
youhaveauserIDand/orpasswordsuppliedbythedataproviderthathoststherestrictedd
atabase,simplyenterthenecessary
information,andclickOKtologo
n.(Dependingonthedatabaseyouareaccessing,thepasswordsandIDsmaybecase-sensitive.)
IfyoudonothaveauserIDand/orpassword,butinsteadhaveauthenticatedaccesstoadatabaseeitherbyIPaddressrecognition(forexample,yourcomputerisonyouruniversitycampus orcompanynetworkandhasanIPaddressthatisrecognized
asauthenticatedbythedataprovidersserver)orthroughaproxyserver,itmaybepossibletoconfiguretheconnectionfileand
yourNetworkPreferencessothatyoudonotneedtoenterauserIDandpassword.
IfyouhaveaccesstoarestricteddatabasebyIPaddressrecognition,youmayneedtoedittheconnectionfilesothatitdoesnot
promptyouforauserIDand/orpassword.InEndNote,selectE
ditC onnectionFilesOpenConnectionManager.Locatethe
connectionfileforthedatabaseyouwishtoaccess,selectit,andclickEdit.ClickC
onnectionSettingsandcleartheUserIDand
Passwordboxesunder"LoginInformationRequired."SelectSavefromtheFilemenutosaveyourchanges,andthenclosethe
connectionfile.
Ifyouhaveaccesstoarestricteddatabaseviaaproxyserver,youm
ustmakesurethatyourInternets ettingsareproperlyconfigured,becauseEndNoteusesthesesettings.SeeProblemsC
onnectingforinformationaboutproxyservers.Youwillneedthe
addressandportnumberofyourproxyserver.
Related Topics:
FreeDatabases
PickingY
ourFavoriteConnectionFiles
Retrievinga
ndSavingReferences
Free Databases
Twomajordatabasesthatdonot requirepasswordsarethePubMeddatabasefromtheU.S.NationalLibraryofM
edicine,andthe
LibraryofCongress.Manyofthegenerallibrarycatalogsa
realsounrestricted.Additionalconnectionsmaybeavailableatthe
EndNoteWebsite(http://www.endnote.com/support/).
Databases Not Requiring an Account
Description
Information Provider/Category
PubMed(MEDLINEandpre- NLM
MEDLINE)
referencesfromthe
NationalLibraryofMedicine
MostuniversitylibrarycatLibraryC
atalogs
alogs
Booksa
ttheLibraryofCon- Libraryo
fCongress
gress
Accounts Table
Related Topics:
Access-R
estrictedDatabases
PickingY
Retrievinga
ndSavingReferences
Picking Your Favorite Connection Files

EndNoteprovideshundredsofconnectionfiles foravarietyofsources.Toperusethelistofavailableconnectionfiles,selectConnectionFilesfromtheEditmenu,andselectOpenConnectionManager.Thelistincludestheoriginalconnectionfilesinstalledin
theEndNoteprogramfolder(ProgramFiles\EndNoteX6\Connections )aswellasanyusercreatedoreditedfilesstoredinyour
personalConnections folder(seeFolderLocationsPreferences).
Whenyouhavefoundaconnectionfilethatyouwillwanttouseinthefuture,clickthecheckboxtotheleftofittomarkitasa
favorite.Allmarkedfiles(upto500)appearundertheOnlineSearchsectionintheGroupspaneloftheLibrarywindow,givingyou
easyaccesstothosefilesyouusemostoften.Thisstepisnotrequired;youcanalwayschoosetheOnlineSearchcommand,or
themoreitemunderOnlineSearchintheGroupspanel,topickaconnectionfilethatisnotlistedintheGroupspanel.
UsethefollowingfeaturesintheConnectionManagerwindowtolocatet heconnectionfile(s)thatyouwanttouse:
l TypeadatabasenameintotheQuick Searchtextb
oxandpressEntertosearchforaconnectionfilebythenameofthe
database.
l ClickFindByandEndNotedisplaysthelisto
finformationproviders(categories)usedforalloftheconnectionfiles.Select
onetorestrictthelisttoshowjustthatsetoffiles.T
hatwillhelpyoutofindtheoneyouwant,orselectMarkAlltom
arkup
to500connectionfilesinthesubset.
l Clickthecolumnheadingstosorttheconnectionfilesbynameorbyinformationprovider.Clickingthesamecolumnh
eadingasecondtimewillchangethesortorderfromascendingtod
escending.Clickagaintosetitbacktoascendingorder.
l Ifyouknowthenameoftheconnectionfilethatyouwanttouse,youmaystarttypingitandthefirstfilethatm
atcheswhat
youtypewillbeselected.
l ClicktheMoreInfotrianglebuttonatthebottomofthedialogtodisplayadditionalinformationabouttheselectedc onnectionfile.
Note:Forinformationa
bouteditingconnectionfilesorcreatingnewones,seeIntroductiontoConnectionFiles.
Related Topics:
Access-R
estrictedDatabases
FreeDatabases
Retrievinga
ndSavingReferences
What if Your Database Is Not Listed?

Bydefault,EndNoteinstallsonlythemostpopularconnectionfiles.F
orinformationaboutlocatingandinstallingadditionalfiles,
seeInstallingAdditionalConnectionFiles.
Ifaconnectionfilehasnotbeenprovidedforthedatabasethatyouw
anttosearch,contactyourlibrarianorinformationproviderto
seeiftheirdatabaseisavailableonaZ39.50server.Ifitis,youshouldrequesttheinformationrequiredtosetupaZ39.50client
forthatdatabase.S
eeCreatingConnectionF
iles.
Adding Connection Files
TheConnectionManagerdisplaysalloftheconnectionfilesintheEndNoteprogramfolderaswellasinyourpersonalConnectionsfolder.Ifyouh
avereceivedaconnectionfilefromacolleagueorlibrarianordownloadedonefromtheWeb,copyitinto
yourpersonalConnections folderanditw
illappearintheConnectionManager.KeepingthefileinyourpersonalC
onnections
folderensuresthatitwillnotbedeletedoroverwrittenw
ithfutureupdatestotheEndNoteprogram.
TolocateyourpersonalConnections folder,ortodesignatead
ifferentConnectionsfolder:
1. SelectPreferencesfromtheEditmenu.
2. SelecttheFolderLocationsoption.
3. SelecttheConnectionFolderoption.
4. ClickSelectFolder.
5. GototheConnectionsfolderandselectt heconnectionfilesthatyouwanttouse.
6. Withthefolderopenandselected,Openthefoldera
ndthenclickSelect.
7. ClickOK.
Note: NewandupdatedconnectionfilesarepostedontheEndNoteWebs iteastheybecomeavailable.
Related Topics:
Access-R
estrictedDatabases
FreeDatabases
PickingY
Retrievinga
ndSavingReferences
Searching an Online Database

Establishing the Connection
Thefirststeptosearchinganonlinedatabaseistoconnecttoit.O
ncetheconnectionhasbeenmade,youreabletouseEndNotesSearchtabtosearchtheonlinedatabase.
Ifyouhaveconnectedtoaparticulardatabasebefore,orifyouhaves electedadatabaseasoneofyour"favorites"(seePicking
YourFavoriteConnectionFiles),itwillappearintheGroupspanelu
nderOnlineSearch.ThissavesyouafewstepsintheprocessofusingtheOnlineSearchcommand.
Toconnecttoanonlinedatabase,dooneofthese:
l OntheGroupspanel,underOnlineSearch,selecttheonlinedatabaseyouwanttosearch.Thatinitiatestheonlinec onnection.
l Ifthedatabaseyouwanttosearchisnotlistedu
nderOnlineSearchintheGroupspanel,selectTools>OnlineSearch,
selectthedesireddatabase,andclickChoosetoinitiatetheconnection.
ThisConnectiondialogisverysimilartotheConnectionManagerdescribedinTheConnectionM
anager,butitdoesnotprovide
theoptionstoeditconnectionfileso
rmarkthemasfavorites.
Whenasuccessfulconnectionhasbeenmade,theSearchpanelo
penswiththeonlinedatabaseselectedforsearching.Youare
nowreadyt obeginsearchingthedatabase.
Theconnectiontotheonlinedatabaseismaintainedonlyuntilthesearchiscompletedandthematchingreferencesareretrieved;
whenthereferencesaredownloaded,youareautomaticallydisconnected.Eachtimeyouinitiateanothersearch,EndNotereconnects.
Note:Ifyouhaved
ifficultyestablishingaconnection,seeTroubleshootingC
onnections.
Related Topics:
Access-R
estrictedDatabases
AvailableSearchOptions
BooleanSearches
ChangingtheFocusoftheSearch
FreeDatabases
OnlineD
atabaseSearching(Overview)
Retrievinga
ndSavingReferences
SearchingEndNoteFieldsvs.OnlineDatabaseIndexes
SearchingWebo
fScience
Online Database Searching (Overview)

Searchinganonlinedatabaseisessentiallythesameassearchingyouro
wnEndNotelibrary.Afterestablishingaconnection:
1. Enteryoursearchterm(s)inthefieldsontheSearchpanel.
2. Selecttheappropriatesearchoptions.
3. ClickSearchtosendthesearchrequesttotheo
nlinedatabase.
Afewsignificantdifferencesbetweensearchinganonlinedatabaseanda
nEndNotelibraryaredescribedinSearchingE
ndNote
Fieldsvs.OnlineDatabaseIndexes.SeeTheSearchPanelforgeneralinformationaboutusingthisfeature.
Available Search Options

Onceyouareconnectedtoanonlinedatabasea
ndthatdatabaseisselectedforsearching,certainelementsontheSearchtab
changefromthesettingsthatareavailableforEndNotelibrarysearches.
l Thesearchsetlistchangeswhensearchinganonlinesource.Youcansearcheithertheremotedatabaseorthelistofreferencesalreadyretrievedandsavedfromtheremotesource.
l TheMatchCaseandMatchWordsoptionsare notavailableforonlinedatabases earches.
l Theoptionsavailableinthesearchmenus(sucha
sAuthor,Title,orKeywords)varywitheachdatabase,andtheyaren
ot
thesameassearchingthefieldsinanEndNotelibrary(seeSearchingEndNoteFieldsvs.OnlineDatabaseIndexes).
l Thefollowingfields arenotavailableinthes earchmenuforsearchinganonlinesource:PDF,AnyField+PDFwithNotes,
a
ndPDFNotes.
l Thecomparisonlistforeachsearchlineisa
lways settoContains.
Related Topics:
Access-R
estrictedDatabases
DiscardingD
uplicateReferences
FreeDatabases
OnlineD
atabaseSearching
Retrievinga
ndSavingReferences
SearchingWebo
fScience
Boolean Searches
MultiplesearchtermscanbecombinedusingtheBooleanoperatorsAND,O
R,andNOT.EndNoteconstructsasearchfromthe
toptothebottomoft heSearchpanel,findingthesearchresultsofthefirsttwoitems,thenc ombiningthatresultsetwiththethird
searchline,andsoon.
Field
Keywords
Keywords
Keywords
Author
Comparison
Search Term
Operator
Contains
fossil
Contains
dinosaur
Contains
avian
Contains
Balanoff
Boolean Operators Table
Boolean Operator
AND
NOT
OR
Forexample,thesearchshownabovecouldbewrittenas:
(((fossilANDdinosaur)N
OTavian)ORBalanoff)
FirstEndNotelooksforreferencesaboutfossilsanddinosaurs,thena
nyreferencestoavianwouldbeomittedfromthatset,and
finallyallreferencesby"Balanoffwouldb
eadded.
Keepinmindthat:
l ORbroadensyoursearchbyaddingtogethertworesultsets
l ANDnarrowsthefocusofthesearchbylookingfortheintersectiono
freferencesfound
l NOTalsonarrowsthesearchbyomittingtheresultsforonetermf romthecurrentresultset.
Searching EndNote Fields vs. Online Database Indexes

Whensearchinganonlinedatabase,youarenotsearchingthespecificf ieldsineachrecord,butrathertheavailablesearch
indexesforthatd
atabase.ThesearchmenusontheSearchpanellistonlyavailableindexesfortheonlinedatabase,soyouwill
notseeallofthegenericfieldnameslistedasyoudowhensearchinganEndNotelibrary.
IfthecurrentsearchstrategyissetuptosearchanEndNotefieldthatdoesnotexistasanonlinedatabasesearchindex,that
fieldnamew
illappearinitalics.Ifyoutrytoexecuteasearch,EndNotewilladvisey outhatthefieldisnotvalid.Changethe
searchfieldselectiontoavalidindexfortheselectedonlinedatabase.
Theconnectionfileforaparticulardatabasestoresthenamesandsettingsforthesearchoptionslistedinthesearchmenus.See
SearchA
ttributesifyouareinterestedinchangingthepre-configuredoptions.
Note:Comparisono
peratorsotherthan"Contains"cannotbeusedwhensearchingo
nlinedatabases.
Understanding Search Results

Whensearchinganonlinedatabase,thesearchmenusdisplayalistofavailablesearchindexessupportedattheremotesite.
Thesearenotfields intheonlinedatabase,butrathersetsofsearchtermsandsynonymsdesignedtofacilitateyoursearches.
Itisnotuncommontosearchforaterminanindexandnoticethattheexacttermappearsnowhereintheretrievedreference(s).
Forexample,youmightsearchforheartattack intheTitleindexofamedicaldatabaseandfindreferencesthatdonotinclude
hearta
ttackintheTitlefieldbut,instead,theyusethetermmyocardialinfarction.Thisapparentdiscrepancycanbeattributedto
thesearchindexoftheonlinedatabase,whichhasmappedthecommontermheartattacktoitsscientificequivalentmyocardial
infarction.
Itisalsonotuncommonforsomeofthesedatabasestoindexpersonalnamesthatappearinthetitlesorkeywordsalongwiththe
authornames.F
orexample,asearchoftheLibraryofCongressfor"CharlesDickens"intheAuthorindexdisplaysbooksabout
Dickensaswellasthosewrittenb
yhim.Thisformofindexingismostcommonlyseenwithlibrarybookc atalogsandnotwiththe
scientificreferencedatabases.Sometimesyouc anrestrictthesearchestobooksbythatparticularauthorbysettingu
pasearch
tofind(forexample)"CharlesDickens"inAuthor,N OT"CharlesDickens"inKeywords.
ThesesearchindexesaremaintainedbytheprovidersofthedatabasesandarenotcontrolledbyEndNote.
Related Topics:
Access-R
estrictedDatabases
BooleanSearches
FreeDatabases
OnlineD
atabaseSearching
Retrievinga
ndSavingReferences
SearchingWebo
fScience
Online Database Search Limitations

SomeofthesearchoptionshaveadditionallimitationsthatyouwouldnotencounterwhensearchinganEndNotelibrary.For
example,somedatabasesp
rohibitsearchingforayearalone.Theyearcanbespecifiedonlytolimitasearch(thesearecalled
"limitfields").Insuchac ase,asearchfor1997astheyearwouldbedenied,butsearchingforS
mithasanauthorAND1997as
theyear(therebylimitingtheresultso
ftheauthorsearch),wouldbeallowed.
Ifyouhavesetupasearchthatisnotacceptedbytheonlinedatabase,a
nerrormessagewilldescribethesourceoftheproblem
asspecificallya
spossible.(SeeTroubleshootingC onnections.)Keepinmindthattheserestrictionsaresetbytheinformationprovider,notEndNote.
Documentationfromtheinformationprovidermayhelptoclarifywhats earchoptionsareavailable.
Related Topics:
Access-R
estrictedDatabases
BooleanSearches
FreeDatabases
Retrievinga
ndSavingReferences
SearchingWebo
fScience
Changing the Focus of the Search

Thetargetofthesearchistheonlinedatabase(representedbythed
atabasenameontheSearchpanel)orthecurrentEndNote
librarygroupthatisdisplayedwhentheSearchcommandischosen.(Ifyouhaventyetconnectedtotheonlinedatabaseor
openedalibrary,y ouwillneedtodosobeforeyoucansearchit.)Tochangethefocuso
fasearch,clickonadifferentlibrarygroup
oronlinedatabaseintheGroupspanel.
Theavailablesearchoptionsdifferamongthevariousonlinedatabases,a
swellasbetweenonlinedatabasesandEndNote
libraries.Whenyouchangethetargetofasearch,thefieldoptionsontheSearchpanelchangeautomatically.Y
oucouldsetupa
Keywordssearchforaparticularonlinedatabase,butw
henyouselectadifferentonlinedatabase,thefieldselectionchanges
becauseKeywordsisnotanoptionforthenewdatabaseselection.
Whenswitchingthefocusofyoursearchfromonegrouptoanotherandbackagain,theoriginalsearchsetupisretainedaslong
asyouhaven
otchangedanysettingsontheSearchpanelandthefieldselectionsarea
vailableinbothdatabases.
Related Topics:
Access-R
estrictedDatabases
BooleanSearches
FreeDatabases
OnlineD
atabaseSearching
Retrievinga
ndSavingReferences
SearchingWebo
fScience
Retrieving and Saving References

Retrieving and Saving References
Afterasuccessfulsearch,EndNotealerts youtothenumberofreferencesthatwerefound.Youhavetheoptionofretrievingallof
thereferencesoraspecificrangeofreferences.(Theorderoftheretrievedreferencesreflectsthewaytheywerereturnedfrom
theserverthisisnotnecessarilya
lphabetical,chronological,orinorderofrelevance.)
ChoosingOKallowsEndNotetobeginretrievingreferences.
Ifyouhavepreviouslydownloadedreferencesfromanonlinedatabases inceopeningthelibrary(whetherapermanentlibraryora
temporarylibrary),youmaywanttoselecttheClearcurrentlydisplayedresultsb
eforeretrievingrecordscheckbox.Thissimply
removesthepreviouslydownloadedreferencesfromtheOnlineSearchgroup;t heyarestillavailableinthelibrary.
Changingtherangeofreferencestoberetrievedisusefulifyouwanttochecktheresultsofyoursearchbeforedownloadingthe
entireseto
freferences.Forexample,ifyoursearchfound200references,youmayw
anttoretrieveonlyreferences1-10,then
checkthosereferences,ande
ithercontinuedownloadingorchangeyoursearchcriteria.Tocontinuedownloading,submitthe
searchagain,thenrequestonlyreferences11t hrough200.Youcanalsopauseduringrecordretrieval;ontheSearchtab,click
OptionsandselectPause.ClickResumewhenyouwanttocontinue.
Ifyoudiscoveredthatyoushouldrefineyoursearchtogetbetterresults,itshelpfultolookatthekeywordsofthereferencesyou
havedownloadedtoseeiftherearetermstheretohelpyourefineyoursearchstrategy.
Howreferencesaresavedisdeterminedbythecurrentdisplaymode.
Integrated Library & Online Search Mode

IfyouareworkinginIntegratedLibrary&OnlineSearchMode,referencesa
redownloadedandsavedintothecurrentlibraryand
displayedinaOnlineS
earchgroup.Thelibrarynameappearsatthetopofthewindow.
Ifyoudecideyoudon'twanttokeeptheretrievedreferences,selectt hem(clickinthelistanduseC trl+Atoselectallreferences
inthecurrentlist,useCtrl+click toselectnon-contiguousreferences,oruseShift+clicktoselectarangeofreferences)and
selectMoveReferencestoTrashfromtheReferencesmenu.
Online Search Mode

IfyouareworkinginOnlineSearchMode,referencesaredownloadedintoat emporarylibrary.Thetopofthewindow indicates
OnlineMode.Tos avereferences,highlightthem(clickinthelistandu
se Ctrl+Atoselectallreferencesinthecurrentlist,use
Ctrl+click toselectnon-contiguousreferences,oruseShift+clicktoselectarangeofreferences)andthen:
l GototheReferencesmenuandselectCopyReferencestoinordertoselectaneworexistinglibraryandcopythehighlightedreferencestothatselectedlibrary
l Or,clicktheCopytoLocalLibraryicononthetoolbartoquicklycopythehighlightedreferencestothecurrentlya
ctive
library
AnotherwaytosavereferencesdownloadedinOnlineSearchModeistousetheCopyandPastecommandsfromtheEditmenu
tocopyindividualreferencesfromOnlineSearchModeandthenpastethemintoLocalLibraryM
ode.
Leave Online Search mode in one of these ways:
l ClickonLocalLibraryMode,whichleaves OnlineS
earchModeintact.Youcanswitchbetweenthesetwomodeswithout
losingthecurrentOnlineModereferences.
l ClickonIntegratedMode.ThisclosesthecurrentOnlineSearchModesession.AnyreferencesinOnlineSearchModeare
l Clickthecornerclosebutton.Thisclosesthee
ntireEndNotelibrary(allmodes).AnyreferencesinOnlineSearchModeare
Discarding Duplicate References

Ifyouusethesamesearchstrategytosearchmultipleonlinesources,y oumayintroduceduplicatereferencesintoyourEndNote
library.Therearetwomethodstoidentifyandremoveduplicates:
l YoucanidentifyanddeleteduplicatesinyourE
ndNotelibraryafterdownloadingiscompleted.Thisprocessallowsy outo
vieweachduplicatebeforedeletingit.SeeFindingD
uplicateReferences.
l Youcandiscardduplicatesduringthedownloadingprocess,asdescribedbelow.
Toautomaticallydiscardduplicates:
1. FromtheEditmenu,selectPreferences.
2. DisplaytheDuplicatespanel.
3. FromtheOnlineSearchResultspanel,selecttheAutomaticallyd
iscardduplicatescheckbox.
WhenyouselecttheAutomaticallyd
iscardduplicatescheckbox,EndNoteautomaticallydiscardsduplicatereferenceswhen
retrievingreferencesfromanonlinedatabase.Theduplicatesareneverinsertedintothelibrary.ThissettingapplieswhenyouperformasearchinIntegratedLibraryModeorOnlineSearchMode.
l IfyouareusingIntegratedLibrary&OnlineS
earchModewhenperforminganonlinedatabasesearch,itappliestothepermanentAllReferenceslibrary.
l IfyouareusingOnlineSearchModewhenperforminganonlinedatabasesearch,itappliestothetemporaryOnlineReferenceslibrary.
Note:Thesesettingsd
onotapplytothe"MergeDuplicatesinBibliography"settingdefinedinFormattingPreferences.Thed
uplicatesareneverinsertedintothebibliography.
Related Topics:
DuplicatePreferences
FindingD
uplicateReferences
The Connection Status Window

TheConnectionStatuswindowprovidesdetailedinformationaboutaconnectiona
ndEndNotesinteractionswiththeonlinedatabaseandserver.ThiswindowisusefultohelpyouortohelpEndNoteTechnicalSupportassistyouintrackingdownthesource
ofaproblemwithanonlinedatabase.
ViewtheconnectionstatusinformationbyselectingShowConnectionS
tatusfromtheWindow menutodisplaytheStatuswindow.Whenthatwindowisopen,thiscommandchangestoHideConnectionStatus,whichclosestheStatuswindow.
TheStatus windowdisplaysinformationforthelatestconnection.Am
enuatthetopoftheStatuswindowletsyouvieweitherthe
recorddataforeachreferenceorthestatusmessagesreturnedfromtheserveroftheonlinedatabase.
Note:TheConnectionS
tatuswindowdisplaysthelast32Koftextwrittentothelogfile.Ifyouneedtoseemorethanthat,you
canopentheConnect.logfileinawordprocessorafterclosingtheRetrievedR
eferencewindow(s).
Related Topics:
FreeDatabases
OnlineD
atabaseSearching
Retrievinga
ndSavingReferences
SearchingWebo
fScience
TheLogFile
The Log File

AllmessagesandretrievedreferencesforagivenEndNotesessionarerecordedinalogfile.Bydefault,thelogfileiscalled"Connect.log"andissavedinthefolder:
Windows XP:Windows\ApplicationData\EndNotefolderortheDocumentsandSettings\[UserName]\ApplicationData\EndNote
Windows Vista:C:\Users\[UserName]\AppData\Roaming\EndNote\
Windows 7:C:\Users\[UserName]\AppData\Roaming\EndNote\
AnexistinglogfileisoverwrittenthefirsttimeEndNoteestablishesaconnectionafterbeingstarted.
Youmayselectadifferentnameand/orlocationforthelogfileusingtheURLs&LinkssettingsinthePreferences window.Todo
so,selectP
referencesfromtheEditmenuands electtheURLs&Linksoptionfromthelist.ClickChooseintheC
onnectionLog
sectiontonamethenewlogfileandchoosewheretosaveit.
YoumayalsochoosenottocreatealogfilebyclearingtheUseLogF
ileoption.Thiswillslightlyspeeduptheretrievalprocess.
However,w
ithoutalogfileyouwillnotbeabletoscrollbackthroughtherecordd
ataorstatusmessagesafteryouchangethe
ViewsettingintheConnectionStatuswindow.
Importing a Log File

Thelogfileisaregulartextfile.Itcanbeviewedusingawordprocessora
ndimported,ifnecessary,usingtheconnectionfile.In
thissense,thelogfileisabackupforthereferencesretrievedinaparticularE
ndNotesession.YoucanverifythatEndNote
retrievedthereferencedatac orrectlybybrowsingthroughthelogfileinyourwordprocessorandc omparingtheunmodifieddatato
whatappearsinyourEndNotereferences.I fnecessary,youcanchangethesettingsinyourconnectionfileandre-importthereferences(withoutreconnectingtotheonlinedatabase).
Note:YoucannotimportfromaConnection.logfilesavedfromWebofSciencea
ndWebofKnowledge.Youmustdoaregular
onlinesearchora
directexport.
Toimportalogfileusingthefilteroptionsofaconnectionfile:
1. Openalibraryintowhichyouwanttoimportthelogfile.
2. FromtheFilemenu,selectImport>File.
3. ClickChooseFileandselectConnection.log.Substitutethenameofyourlogfileifyouhavechangedthedefaultname.
4. SelectUseConnectionFilefromtheImportOptionslistintheImportdialog
5. Selectthedesiredconnectionfile,andthenclickC
hoose.NowyoushouldbebackintheImportdialogwithboththefile
andtheimportoptionset.
6. NexttoTextTranslation,selectUnicode(UTF-8).
7. ClickImport.
Note:Theconnectionfileandfilterfileforadatabasearelikelyconfiguredtoimportveryd
ifferentreferenceformats.Normally,a
connectionfileissetupforM
ARCdata,whereasafilterissetupfortaggedd
ata.Becausetheoutputformatsaresodifferent,
youshouldnotusea
filterfile(*.
Related Topics:
FreeDatabases
OnlineD
atabaseSearching
Retrievinga
ndSavingReferences
SearchingWebo
fScience
TheC
onnectionStatusWindow
Searching Web of Knowledge

Searching Web of Knowledge
WebofKnowledgeisacomprehensiveresearchplatformthatbrings togethermanydifferenttypesofcontentforsearching.Journalarticles,patents,Webs ites,conferenceproceedings,OpenAccessmaterialallcanbeaccessedthroughoneinterface,
usingavarietyofpowerfulsearchandanalysistools.
SearchWebofKnowledgejustasyouwouldsearchanyothero
nlinedatabase.YoursearchresultsarecopieddirectlytotheEndNotelibraryofyourchoice.
OncetherecordsareinEndNote,youcanclickonanEndNoterecordsU RLtojumpbacktotheoriginalWebofKnowledge
onlinerecord.Variousoptionsareavailabletoyouonline,suchasviewingalistofrelatedreferences.
Available Web of Knowledge Databases
Asofthisrelease,thefollowingWebofKnowledgeproductdatabasesa
reavailablefordirectonlinesearchingwithEndNote.A
subscriptionisrequiredtoaccessaparticularproductdatabase.
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
BiologicalA
bstracts
BIOSISP
reviews
CABI:C
abAbstracts
CurrentC
ontentsConnect
MEDLINE
Webo
fScience
Webo
fScience(ScienceCitationIndexExpanded)
Webo
fScience(SocialSciencesCitationIndex)
Webo
fScience(Arts&HumanitiesCitationIndex)
ZoologicalR
ecord
Full Record Charges

WebofKnowledgerequiresapaidsubscription.Youmayhaveanonlines ubscriptionwithusernameandpassword,o
ryoumay
haveaccesstoalocalWebofKnowledgeserver.
Users of Previous Versions of EndNote
IfyouusedapreviousversionofEndNote,manyofyourpreferencesw
eresavedwhenyouupgradedtoEndNoteX6.However,if
youwanttheabilityt olinkbacktoWebofKnowledgerecords,youmayneedtoupdatetheBaseURL.
2. ClicktheEndNoteDefaultsbuttontoupdatetothelatestBaseURL.
Locally Mounted Web of Knowledge Servers
YoumustuseWebofKnowledgeversion5.0orlater.Toaccessy ourlocalWebofKnowledgeserver,firstcontactyournetwork
administratorfortheserveraddress(URL)plusthepathtoyourinstitutionsc opyoftheISIGatewayV2.5software.
TosearchalocallymountedWebofScienceserver,opentheappropriateW
eb of Knowledgeconnectionfile,clickonConnection
Settingsa
ndupdatetheServerAddressandCustomfieldswithyourlocalserveraddressandISIGatewaysoftwarepath.
TolinkbacktoWebofKnowledgerecordsoncetheyareinEndNote,y oumustchangetheBaseURLtoyourlocalserver
address.
2. SelectURLs&Links
3. EnteryourlocalserveraddressintheOpenURLsfield.
Searching Author Names in Web of Knowledge Databases that Contain Particles and Spaces
WhensearchingaWebofKnowledgeproductdatabase(forexample,W ebofScience),alwaysaddaconnectortonamesthat
containsparticlesandspaces.Forexample,tosearchforde Bruyn A,enterthenameintheSearchfieldasde+Bruyn+Ato
ensurethattheproductreturnsallrelevantresults.
Tosearchforde la Rosa,enterthenameintheSearchfieldasde+la+Rosa.Youcanalsoaddafirstnametorestrictyour
search,butdonotaddaconnectorbetweenthefirstnameandthelastname.Forexample,tosearchforMario de la Rosa,enter
intheSearchfieldMario de+la+Rosa.
Related Topics:
FindingFullT
ext
FindingR
elatedOnlineReferences
QuickO
verview
OnlineD
atabaseSearching
TheC
onnectionStatusWindow
TheLogFile
Finding Related Online References

Finding Related Online References
HighlightareferenceinEndNoteandusetheURL>OpenURLLinkcommando
ntheReferencesmenutostartyourdefaultweb
browseranddisplaythefulltextarticle(ifavailable)plusalistoflinkstosimilararticles.
OpenURLLinkconnectstoanOpenURLstandardsyntax serverandusesE
ndNotesOpenURLpreferencesalongwithdatain
yourEndNoterecordtofindrelatedonlinereferences.
Note:Thiscommandh
asnorelationtotheURLfieldfoundinEndNotereferencesortotheU RL>OpenLinkcommandonthe
Referencesmenu(whichopensthespecificU
RLfoundintheURLfield).
Toenablethisfeature,andfindoutwhatpreferencesareavailable,s eeOpenURLPreferences.
Finding Full Text

Finding Full Text for a Reference
EndNotecanattempttolocatefulltextfilesontheW
ebbyusingdatastoredinyourreferences.Oncefound,EndNotedownloads
andattachesthefilestothereferences.
EndNotecanusethesemethodswhensearchingforfulltextpublications:
l
l
l
l
l
WebofKnowledgeF
ullTextLinks
EndNoteW
ebServices
DOI(DigitalObjectIdentifier)
PubMedL
inkOut
OpenURL
EndNotewilltrytouseallofthesemethodstooptimizethelikelihoodoffindingfulltextfilesassociatedwithyourbibliographic
records.
TheWebofKnowledgefreejournalsetischeckedforallusers;subscribers mayhavefullIP-basedaccess toallresources.In

caseswherefulltextPDFfilesrequireasubscription,andyouory ourinstitutionhavetheappropriateaccess,EndNotewill
attempttoa
uthenticateandautomaticallydownloadtheappropriatefiles.IfEndNotec annotfindthefulltextfile,itwilloftenbe
abletoattachtheURLo
ftheprovider'sWebpageforthearticleforeasierfutureaccess.
Forfullinformationaboutfindingthefulltextfora
reference,see:
l AddingA
ccesstoYourInstitution'sLibrary
l HowtoFindandRetrieveFullText
l TheFindF
ullTextGroups
l Pausingo
rCancelingFindFullText
l Improvingt heSearchforFullText
Related Topics:
FindingR
Linkinga
Linkinga
OnlineD
atabaseSearching
Openinga
LinkedFileorURL
Removinga
LinkedFilefromFileAttachments
Savinga
CopyofanAttachedFile
Adding Access to Your Institution's Library

ManylibrariesareaccessiblewithanOpenURLPath.Subscriptionlibrariesalsorequirevalidauthentication,whichusually
meansauserIDandpassword.F
irst,youmustdeterminetheappropriateOpenURLpath.Ifthelibraryrequiresauthentication,
youmustalsodeterminetheauthenticationURL.N
ext,entertheseURLsasFindFullTextpreferences.Then,youmayneedto
authenticateaccessbyenteringyourpersonaluserIDandpassword.T
hesedefinitions maybehelpfultoyou:
OpenURL Path:ThisistheOpenURLw
ebaddresstotheonlinelibrary.ItiswhereEndNotewillbedirectedtosearchformatchingreferences.
Authentication URL:Thisisthewebaddresstothepagewhereyouentersubscriptiondetailstoaccesstheonlinelibrary.Itis
typicallythepagewhereyouenterausernameandpassword.OnceyouentertheAuthenticationU
RL(ifrequired),EndNotecan
accessthefulltextofthematchingreferencesfromtheonlinelibrarysOpenURLPath.
Proxy Server:Yourinstitutionmayuseaproxyservertocontrolaccess.IfInternetExplorerisconfiguredforusewithaproxy
server,EndNotewillautomaticallyhandletheproxys erverwhenaccessinghttp-basedconnections.IfyoudonotuseInternet
Explorer,configureproxysettingswiththeInternetOptionsintheWindowsC
ontrolPanel.
Determining the OpenURL Path

TheeasiestwaytodetermineyourinstitutionsOpenURLaddressistoaskyourlibrarian.Youcouldalsocheckhttp://www.worldcat.org/registry/Institutions/.
SFXlinkresolversworkbest,solookforaURLthatbeginswithhttp://sfx.libraryorasimilarURLthatcontainssfxinthepath.
Determining the Authentication URL

InordertousetheOpenURLpathtofindfulltextarticles,yourinstitutionlikelyrequiresthatyoulogintoaccessfulltext.EndNoteusesanauthenticationURLtoautomaticallydirectyoutoyourinstitutionslog-inwebpage.
Again,theeasiestwaytodeterminetheauthenticationURListoworkw ithyourlibrarian.Toactasyourowndetective,though,
youcantrythesuggestionbelow.
TodeterminetheauthenticationURL:
1. EntertheOpenURLpathasanEndNotepreference.
a.
b.
c.
d.
FromtheEditmenu,selectPreferences.
SelecttheFindFullTextpanel.
SelecttheOpenURLbox,andentertheOpenURLPath.
ClickOKtosavethesetting.
2. Tryoneofthese:
Follow the URL Path:
a. Highlightareference--onewhereyoubelievethefulltextarticleisavailablefromyourinstitution.
b. Right-clickonthereferenceandselectURL>OpenURLLink.Ifyouarenotautomaticallydirectedtothefulltextarticle,
useyourbrowsertocontinuetotrytogettothefulltextPDFfile.
Browse to the URL:
a. UseabrowsertogotoyourlibrarysWebsiteandtrytoaccessasubscriptionresource.
3. Onceyoureachapagewhereyouarepromptedtoe
ntercredentials,copytherootofthatURL.Itmaystartwithhttps://
login.ezproxy.Copyeverythingthrough/login?url=%@.
4. Enterthepathasanauthenticationpreferencea
sdescribednextunderSettingFullTextPreferences.
5. TesttheURLbyloggingintoyourinstitutionss iteasdescribedbelow.
Setting Full Text Preferences

OnceyouhavedeterminedtheappropriateOpenURLpathandauthenticationU
RLforyourinstitution,youmustenterthemas
preferencesinEndNote.
ToenterFindFullTextpreferences:
2. SelecttheFindFullTextpanel.
Thispaneldetermineswhichmethodsareusedwhensearchingforfulltextarticles.Bydefault,WebofKnowledgeFull
TextLinks,D
OI,andOpenURLareselected.PubMedLinkOutisalsoavailable,butm
ayslowperformance.
3. Tosearchyourinstitutionslibrary,makesureO
penURLisselected,andenteryourinstitutionsOpenURLPath.Ifauthenticationisrequired,enteranAuthenticationURL(theaddresso
fthesitesloginpage).
Formoreinformation,seeFindF
ullTextPreferences.
Logging in to Your Library

OnceyouhaveenteredtheappropriateURLsasFindFullTextpreferences,y oucanlogintoyourinstitutionslibrary.Dothisin
oneoftwoways:
Authenticate Only
FromtheReferencesmenu,selectFindFullTextandthenAuthenticate.
ThismethodallowsyoutotryconnectingwithoutstartingaFindFullTextsearch.Youshouldbedirectedtoyourinstitutionslogin
webpage.Loginasindicatedonthewebpage.Youmaybedirectedtoahomepageo
ralistofresources,whichmeansyouare
loggedin.ClickDone.Youa
reauthenticatedforthissessionofEndNoteoruntilyourinstitutiontimesouttheconnection.
YoustillneedtospecificallyselecttheReferences>FindFullText>FindFullTextcommandtobeginsearchingforfulltext
articles.
Authenticate and Search
FromtheReferencesmenu,selectFindFullText,andthenFindFullT
ext.
IfyouhaveanOpenURLpathandauthenticationURLenteredunderFindFullTextpreferences,EndNotewilldirectyoutoyour
institutionsloginw
ebpage.Loginasindicatedonthewebpage,andthenclickContinuetobeginthesearchforfulltextarticles
fortheselectedreferences.
YouareauthenticatedforthissessionofEndNoteoruntilyourinstitutiontimesouttheconnection.
Note:Yourinstitutionm
ayseveryourOpenURLconnectionafteracertainamountofidletime.U
nfortunately,thereisnoindicationwhenthathappens.YouwillneedtogototheReferencesmenu,selectFindFullTextandthenAuthenticatetorestore
accesstothesite.JustselectingFindFullTextagainduringthisEndNotesessionwillnotrestoreauthentication.
Related Topics:
FindingR
HowtoFindandRetrieveFullText
Improvingt heSearchforFullText
Linkinga
Linkinga
OnlineD
atabaseSearching
Openinga
LinkedFileorURL
Pausingo
QuickO
verview
Removinga
Savinga
TheFindF
ullTextGroups
How to Find and Retrieve Full Text

Whenyouretrievethefulltextfileofareferencedwork,itissavedtotheFileAttachmentsfieldasarelativelink(thefileitselfit
storedinthecurrentlibrarys.DATAfolder).Thefileissavedinitsnativeformat,whichinmostcasesisaPDFfile.
Whenafileisdownloadedandattachedtoareference,afilea
ttachmenticonappearsintheFileAttachmentfieldforthereference.IntheLibrarywindow,apaperclipiconappearsintheFileAttachments c olumnforthatreference.
Note:Inordert ofindfulltext,cookiesmustbeturnedoninInternetExplorer.
TheFindFullTextcommandcanattempttofindfulltextdocumentsforupto250recordsatatime;thistotalincludesallfulltext
searchesrunconcurrentlyinopendatabases.Ifyouwanttofindthefulltextformorethan250EndNoterecords,youmustrunthe
FindFullTextoperationmorethanonce.Highlightupto250referenceseachtime.
TheFindFullTextcommandisavailableonlyinIntegratedLibraryandO
nlineSearchModeorLocalLibraryMode.ItisnotavailableinOnlinemode.
Tofindandretrievefulltext:
1. Selectthereference(s)towhichyouwanttoaddfulltext.
l IntheLibrarywindow,highlightupto250references.
Forexample,youcanselectasinglereference,orholddowntheC
trlkeytohighlightindividualreferences,oruse
Edit>SelectAlltoselectanentireGroupofdisplayedreferences.
l Or,openanindividualreferenceforediting.
2. FromtheReferencesmenu,selectFindFullText>FindFullText.
Ifyouhaveareferenceopen,youcanusetheright-clickcontextualmenutoselectFindFullText.
3. (Optional)IfyouhaveenteredanOpenURLaddressa
ndauthenticationURLunderFindFullTextpreferences,youmaybe
directedtoaloginwebpageforyourinstitutionslibrary.Followtheinstructionstologin,suchasenteringtheappropriate
UserI Dandpassword.Onceyouareloggedin,clickContinue.
EndNotebeginssearchingforanddownloadingfulltextfortheselectedreferences.Fulltextdownloadinghappensinthebackground,whichmaya
ffecttheperformanceofotheroperations.
descriptionoftheresulting
ReferencesappearingroupsunderaFindFullTextgroupset.SeeTheFindFullTextGroupsfora
groups.
Note:Yourinstitutionm
ayseveryourOpenURLconnectionafteracertainamountoftime.Unfortunately,thereisnoindication
whenthathappens.YouwillneedtogototheReferencesm
enu,selectFindFullText,andthenAuthenticatetorestoreaccess
tothesite.JustselectingFindFullTextagainduringthisEndNotesessionw
illnotrestoreauthentication.
Toaddaccesstoalibrary,seeAddingA
ccesstoYourInstitution'sLibrary.
Toimprovethelikelihoodoffindingfulltextarticlesforreferences,s eeImprovingtheSearchforF
ullText.
IfyouwanttopauseorcancelaFindFullTextoperation,seePausingo
rCancelingFindFullText.
Related Topics:
FindingFullTextforaReference
FindingR
Linkinga
Linkinga
OnlineD
atabaseSearching
Openinga
LinkedFileorURL
QuickO
verview
Removinga
Find Full Text Groups

DuringtheFindFullTextsearchinganddownloadingp
rocess,resultsareconstantlyupdatedunderaFindFullTextgroupset.Initially,theFindFullTextgroupsetisaddedbelowallothergroups ets.However,youcanclickanddragtheFindFullTextgroup
settoanyposition.EndNotewillmaintainthatnewpositionacrosssessions.
TheFindFullTexttemporarygroupsdescribedbelowremainforthecurrents ession.EndNoteremovesthemwhenyouclosethe
library.
l
l
l
l
Searching
FoundPDF
FoundURL
NotFound
IfyouruntheFindFullTextoperationmorethanonceduringasinglelibrarysession,theadditionalreferencesareaddedtothereferencesalreadyfoundintheFindFullTextgroups.
Searching...
Thisgroupdisplaysthecurrentsetofreferencesforw
hichEndNoteisattemptingtofindeitherthefulltextfileofeachreferenced
workoratleastaURLtothereferencedwork.Whenthefulltextsearchiscompleted,thisgroupisdeleted.Thosereferencesto
whichfulltextoraURLwasaddedaredisplayedinaFoundPDFgrouporaFoundU
RLgroup.
YoucancanceltheFindFullTextoperationatanytimeb
yright-clickingontheSearchinggroup,todisplayacontext-sensitive
menu,andselectingStopfindingfulltext.Fulltextthathasbeenretrievedu
ntilthatpointisalreadysavedinthelibrary.
Found PDF
ThisgroupdisplaysthesetofreferencesforwhichE
ndNoteinsertedthePDFfileofthereferencedworkasanattachment.T
hese
referencesdisplayapaperclipiconintheFileAttachments columnofthereferencelist.IfaURLisalsofound,itisaddedtothe
reference,b
utthereferenceisnotincludedintheFoundURLgroup.
IfaFindFullTextoperationhasalreadyattachedafiletoaselectedreference,EndNotewillskipthatreferencewhensearching
forfulltext.Ifyoudowanttolookforafulltextarticleforthereference,youmustfirstdeletetheexistingfileattachment.
Found URL
ndNoteinsertedaURLtothereferencedwork,butdidnotfindafulltextdocumenttoattach.
Not Found
ndNotecouldnotidentifyafulltextfileoraURL.Theseareonlyfromtheset
ofreferencessearchedwiththeFindFullTextcommandduringthissessionoftheEndNotelibrary.
Related Topics:
AddingA
ccesstoYourInstitution'sLibrary
FindingR
Improvingt heSearchforFullText
Linkinga
Linkinga
OnlineD
atabaseSearching
Openinga
LinkedFileorURL
Pausingo
QuickO
verview
Removinga
Savinga
Pausing or Canceling Find Full Text

l TopauseaFindFullTextoperation,right-clicko
ntheSearchinggrouptodisplayacontext-sensitivemenu,andselect
"Pausefindingfulltext".Fulltextthathasbeenretrieveduntilthatpointisalreadysavedinthelibrary.
l ToresumeapausedFindFullTextoperation,right-clickontheSearchinggroupandselect"Resumefindingfulltext".
l TostopaFindFullTextoperation,right-clicko
ntheSearchinggroupandselect"Cancelfindingfulltext".
Improving the Search for Full Text

ThesearesuggestionsforimprovingtheaccuracyoftheFindFullTextfeature:
l MakesureyouareIPauthenticatedtoaccessanypremiumfulltextresourcestowhichyouwouldlikeEndNotetoa
ttempt
connecting.
l AskyourlibrarianwhetheryourinstitutionissetupwithWebofKnowledgec ustomjournallinks.Ifs o,createafreepersonalizedWebofKnowledgeaccountandlogin.Ifyourinstitutiondoesnothavecustomjournallinkssetu
pforWebof
Knowledge,askyourlibrariantosetitup(itiseasya
ndfree).
l CreateafreeEndNoteW
ebaccountandlogin.E
ndNoteWebisincludedwithEndNote.MakesureyourEndNoteWeb
accountinformationiscompleteunderEndNotePreferences(Edit>Preferences>Sync).
l ReviewyourEndNotereferencestoconfirmthattheDOIinformationisintheDOIfield.Datacanbemovedbetweenfields
withtheChange/Move/Copy FieldscommandfromtheToolsmenu.
l EnableWebbrowsercookies.
IfyouwouldlikeFindFullTexttosearchaspecificlibrary,s eeAddingAccess toYourInstitution'sLibrary.
Related Topics:
FindingR
Linkinga
Linkinga
OnlineD
atabaseSearching
Openinga
LinkedFileorURL
Pausingo
QuickO
verview
Removinga
TheFindF
ullTextGroups
Importing Reference Data

General Importing Instructions
Note:SeeImportingEndNoteLibrariesforspecificinstructionsaboutmergingtwoEndNotelibraries.
ToimportatextfileoranEndNotelibraryintoanEndNotelibrary:
3. ClicktheChoosebuttontolocateandopenthefileyouwantt oimport.Allfiles,exceptforEndNotelibraries,mustbeplain
textfiles.SelectthefileandclickOK.
4. SelecttheappropriateimportoptionfromtheImportOptionslist.
l ImportAll:Importsallreferences,includingduplicates.
l DiscardDuplicates:Importsallreferencese
xceptduplicates.
l ImportintoDuplicatesLibrary:DuplicatereferencesareimportedintoalibrarycalledFile-Dupl.enl,w
hereFileisthename
ofthelibraryintowhichyouareimporting.
duplicatewhentheAuthor,Year,Title,andReferenceTypematchareference
alreadyinthelibrary.SeeDuplicatesP
references ifyouwouldliketochangetheduplicatescriteria.
6. SelectaTextTranslationoption.
Thisoptionallowsyoutospecifythetextcharacterencodingofthefileyouimport,sothatextendedcharacterstransfercorrectly.Yous houldverifythesettingwithyourdatabaseprovider.SomeU.S.databasesthatcontainextendedcharacters
requireANSI-Latin1orUTF8.MARCformatfilesmayrequireANSELtranslation.Youm
ightbeabletouseNoTranslation
fortextfilesthatdonotcontaina
nyextendedcharacters.
7. ClickImporttoimportthefile.
Note:Thetimerequiredtoimportafile,includinganEndNotelibrary,isproportionatetothesizeofthelibraryandthenumberof
referencesbeingimported.R
efertotheprogressindicatortodeterminewhenEndNotehascompletedthetask.
Whentheimportiscomplete,thenewlyimportedreferencesaredisplayedinanImportedReferencesgroup.Thisisaperfecttime
toaddakeywordtoeachimportedreferencewiththeChangeFieldcommand,ortoperusetheimporteddatatomakesureit
importeda
sexpected.Makesuretocheckreferencesthatcontainextendedcharacters.
TheImportedReferencesgroupisatemporarygroupthatisreplacede
achtimeyouimportanothersetofreferences.Itis
removedwhenyoue
xitEndNote(althoughthereferencesremaininthelibrary).
ewlyimportedones),selectShowAllReferencesfromtheReferencesmenuo
rclickontheAllReferencesgroup.
Import Option List

EndNote'simportoptionsinclude:
l PDF
U
setoimportreferencesfromaP
DFfilethathasbeendownloadedtoyourharddrive.Thisoptiona
llows youtoconvertexistingcollections ofPDFfilesintoEndNoterecordswithminimaltypingandcopyingbyextractingDigitalObjectidentifiers(DOI)
fromPDFfiles.Thesystemmatchesthecontentagainstt heexistingAPIservicesbycapturingbibliographiccontentandcreatingn
ewEndNoterecords.SeeImportingPDFFilestoCreateNewRecordsforspecificinstructions.
l EndNote Library
UsedtoimportreferencesfromoneEndNotelibraryintoanother.Ifthelibraryyouareimportingfromisclosedorlocked,allreferencesareimported.Ifyouthelibraryyouareimportingfromisopen,withread/writeaccess,theshowingreferencesare
imported.
l EndNote Import
Usedtoimporttextfilesthathavebeendownloadedfromonlinedatabaseso
rexportedfromEndNoteusingtheEndNoteformat.SeeCreatinga
Tagged"EndNoteImport"Fileformoreinformation.
l Refer/BibIX
UsedtoimporttextfilesexportedfromtheReferorBibIXp
rograms.TheEndNoteimportformatisbasedontheRefer/BibIX
format.
l Tab-Delimited
Usedtoimporttextfilesinwhichthefieldswithinasinglereferenceareseparatedbytabs.FordetailsseeCreatingaTabDelimitedFormat.
l Reference Manager (RIS)
UsedtoimporttextfilesexportedfromReferenceManager,ReferenceU
pdate,ReferenceWebPoster,oranyothersource
thatusestheRISformat.SeeCreatinga
LibraryfromProCiteorReferenceManager.
l ISI-CEUsedtoimporttextfilesdownloadedfromtheWebofSciencea
ndotherThomsonReuterssources.
Note:SeeSearchingW ebofScienceforinformationaboutdirectlyretrievingWebofS
ciencerecords.
l Multi-Filter (Special)
Aspecialoptionforimportingfilesthatincludereferencesfrommultiples ources(seeIdentifiers.
l EndNote Generated XML
UsedtoimportEndNotesproprietaryXMLformat.
l Other Filters
EndNoteincludeshundredsofimportfiltersconfiguredt oimportdataf romavarietyofonlinedatabases.Mostlikely,thefirst
timeyouimportafile,youwillnotseetheimportfilterthatyouneedinthislist.SelectOtherFiltersfromtheImportOptionslist
tofindthefilterthatmatchesthesourceofthedatayouwanttoimport.I mportfiltersthatyouhaverecentlyusedorchosenas
yourfavoritesw illbelistedintheImportOptionslistintheImportdialog.
ThetableinSummaryofOutputFormatsandCorrespondingImportOptionsprovidesmoreinformationa
boutthedownloadformatsthatworkwiththesefilters.S
eeChoosingtheCorrectImportFilterforinformationabouthowtochooset hefiltersto
appearintheImportOptionslist.
l ProCite RIS
UsetoimporttextfilesthathavebeenexportedfromProCite(Windowso
rMacintosh)inthecommadelimitedformat.You
mayalsoopennativeP
roCitefilesusingEndNote'sOpencommand.
l Use Connection File
EndNoteprovidestheoptionofusingaconnectionfileasanimportfilter.ThisisusefulifyouneedtoimporttheConnect.log
filegeneratedbyusingEndNotesOnlineSearchcommandtosearcha
nonlinedatabase.TheConnect.logfileshouldinclude
allofthereferencesfromyourprevioussession.SeeTheLogFileformoreinformation.
Note:SeeIntroductiontoFiltersforinformationaboutcreatingandmodifyingimportfilters.Alloftheimportfilters(exceptTab
DelimitedandEndNoteGeneratedX
ML)canbemodified.
Importing Reference Data into EndNote

Retrieving References Directly from Online Databases
Ifyouhaveaccesstoalibrarycatalogorbibliographicdatabasethatsupportst heZ39.50protocol,youcanuseEndNoteasatool
tosearcha
ndretrievereferencesdirectlyfromthatdatabaseintoEndNote.Y
oudonotneedtouseEndNotesImportcommand.
Youc anu
setheOnlineSearchcommandinstead.Thisisthee
asiestwaytogetdataintoEndNotebecauseitinvolvesnointermediatesteps.Formoreinformationaboutthedirectretrievalofreferences,seeIntroductiont oSearchingOnlineDatabases.
Importing Bibliographic Data to EndNote

Therearemanysourcesofbibliographicdatathatcanbeusedtohelpy oucreateyourEndNotelibrary.Toavoidre-typingthis
dataintoEndNote,w
ehaveprovidedseveralmeansbywhichyoucangetreferencesintoEndNote:
l Importreferencessavedordownloadedfromonlinedataservices(forexample,OvidorThomsonReuters).
l Importtextfilesthatconformtoaparticularformat(suchastheTab-delimitedorEndNoteImportformat).Thesefilescan
becreatedbyyouorgeneratedfromotherdatabases.
l Importtextfilesexportedfromotherbibliographics oftwareprograms.
First,youneedtogetyourdatafilesintherightformat(seeSummaryo
fOutputFormatsandCorrespondingImportOptionsand
GettingD
ataintheRightFormat),andthendeterminethecorrectimporto
ption.
Onceyouhaveafileintheproperformatandyouknowwhichimporto
ptionorfiltertouse,theimportinstructionsarethesamefor
allo
fthesetypesofdata.SeeGeneralImportingInstructions.
Note:Althoughw etrytoprovidemanyflexiblewaystogetdatafromothersourcesintoE
ndNote,wedonotclaimthatEndNote
canimportdatafromallsources.Insomecases,youmayhavetowriteyourownimportfilter(seeCreatinga
NewFilter),oryou
mayneedtomanipulatethedatainawordprocessorb
eforeitcanbeimported.Ifnoneofthesetoolshelpsyoutoimporty our
data,tipsonhowtoquicklycopyandpastedataintoEndNoteared
escribedinCopyingandPastingR
eferences.
Note:Whenimportingrecords,werecommendthatyouimportintoatemporarynewlibrary,determinew
hichonesyouwantto
keep,andthenmovethoserecordsintoyourpermanentlibrary.
Importing PDF Files to Create New References

ThisfeatureallowsyoutoconvertexistingcollectionsofPDFfilesintoEndNotereferenceswithminimaltypingandcopyingby
extractingD
igitalObjectidentifiers(DOI)fromPDFfiles.ThesystemmatchesDOIinformationwithdataavailablefromCrossRef(www.CrossRef.org)b
ycapturingbibliographiccontentandcreatingnewEndNotereferences.
ToimportaPDFfile:
2. FromtheFilemenu,selectImport>FiletoopentheImportFiledialog.
3. ClicktheChooseb
uttontolocateandopenthefiley ouwanttoimportfromyourharddrive.
4. SelecttheneededPDFfile,andthenclickOpen.
5. SelectPDFfromtheImportO
ptionlist.
l Import All:Importsallreferences,includingduplicates.
l Discard Duplicates:Importsallreferencese
xceptduplicates.
l Import into Duplicates Library:DuplicatereferencesareimportedintoalibrarycalledFile-Dupl.enl,w
hereFile"
isthenameofthelibraryintowhichyouareimporting.
alreadyinthelibrary.SeeDuplicateP
7. SelectaTextTranslationoption.ThedefaultvalueisNoTranslation.
Thisoptionallowsyoutospecifythetextcharacterencodingofthef ileyouimport,sothatextendedcharacterstransfer
correctly.Yous houldverifythesettingwithyourdatabaseprovider.SomeU.S.databasest hatcontainextendedcharactersrequireANSI-Latin1orUTF8.MARCformatfilesmayrequireANSELtranslation.Youm
ightbeabletouseNo
Translationfortextfilesthatdonotcontaina
nyextendedcharacters.
8. ClickImporttoimportthefiletoyourlibrary.
Note:SeeImportingPDFFolderstoCreateNewRecordsforinstructionsonhowtoimportm
ultiplePDFfilesstoredwithinasinglefolder.
Note:Whenperformingtheimportfunction,iftherearetwoDOIsfoundinthefirsttwopageso
faPDFdocument,EndNotewill
putbothDOIsintheDOIfield.ThePDFisthenattachedandthefilenameisputintheTitlefield.
Whentheimportiscomplete,thenewrecordisstoredintheImportedR eferencesgroup,andwillincludebibliographicinformation
givenfort heDigitalObjectIdentifier(DOI)minedfromthePDFfilesuchastitle,author,volume,issue,page,year,andDOI.This
isaperfecttimetoaddakeywordtotheimportedreferencewiththeChangeFieldc ommand,ortoperusetheimporteddatato
makesureitimportedasexpected.M
akesuretocheckreferencesthatcontainextendedcharacters.
removedwhenyoue
ewlyimportedones),selecthowAllReferencesfromtheReferencesmenuo
rclicktheAllReferencesgroup.
Importing PDF Folders to Create New References

ThisfeatureallowsyoutoconvertexistingcollectionsofPDFfilesintoEndNoterecordswithminimaltypingandcopyingby
extractingDigitalO
bjectidentifiers(DOI)fromPDFfiles.ThesystemmatchesDOIinformationw ithdataavailablefromCrossRef(www.CrossRef.org)bycapturingbibliographiccontentandcreatingnewEndNoterecords.
ToimportaPDFfolderwithPDFfiles:
2. FromtheFilemenu,selectImport>FoldertoopentheImportFolderd
ialog.
3. ClicktheChooseb
uttontoopentheBrowseforFolderdialog.
4. SelecttheneededPDFfolder,andthenclickOK.
5. Iftheselectedfolderlistssubfolders,clickthe"Includefilesinsubfolders"checkboxtoincludeP
DFfilesinthosesub-foldersintheimportoperation.
ptionlist.
6. SelectthePDFoptionfromtheImportO
l Import All:Importsallreferences,includingduplicates.
l Discard Duplicates:Importsallreferencese
xceptduplicates.
l Import into Duplicates Library:DuplicatereferencesareimportedintoalibrarycalledFile-Dupl.enl,w
hereFile"
isthenameofthelibraryintowhichyouareimporting.
alreadyinthelibrary.SeeDuplicateP
8. ClicktheImportbuttontoimportthePDFfilesfromtheselectedfoldertoyourlibrary.
Note:SeeI mportingPDFFilestoCreateNewReferencesf orinstructionsonhowtoimportasinglePDFfile.
Note:Whenperformingtheimportfunction,iftherearetwoDOIsfoundinthefirsttwopageso
faPDFdocument,EndNotewill
putbothDOIsintheDOIfield.ThePDFisthenattachedandthefilenameisputintheTitlefield.
Whentheimportiscomplete,thenewrecordisstoredintheImportedR eferencesgroup,andwillincludebibliographicinformation
givenfort heDigitalObjectIdentifier(DOI)minedfromthePDFfilesuchastitle,author,volume,issue,page,year,andDOI.This
isaperfecttimetoaddakeywordtotheimportedreferencewiththeChangeFieldc ommandortoperusetheimporteddatato
makesureitimportedasexpected.M
akesuretocheckreferencesthatcontainextendedcharacters.
Note:SelectTools>ChangeandMoreFieldsfromtheToolsmenutoaccesstheChangeFieldsfeature.
removedwhenyoue
ewlyimportedones),selectShowAllReferencesfromtheReferencesmenuo
rclicktheAllReferencesgroup.
Importing References from Other Bibliographic Software Programs

IfyouwishtoconvertreferencesfromanotherbibliographicprogramintoEndNote,consultthechartbelowforinstructions.
Conversion Utilities at the EndNote Web Site
Insomecases,youmaybedirectedtodownloadaconversionutilityo
rinstructionsfromtheEndNoteWebsiteat:http://www.endnote.com.F
ollowthe"SupportandServices"linkfromthehomepagetodisplaytheEndNoteTechnicalSupportpage.Under
"Downloads,"followthe"Databaseconversionutilities"link.Someconversionu
tilitiesareavailableonlyforaspecificplatform
(WindowsorMacintosh).
Unsupported Databases
Ifyourprogramisnotonthechart,seeCreatinga
TabDelimitedFormatforimportingintoEndNote.Ifyourdatabased
oesnot
offeratab-delimitedexportoption,contacttechnicalsupportforothersuggestions.
Software
Bookendsa
ndBookendsPro
BibeX
Citation6
and7
EndNoteL
ibrary
NoteBookIIPlusand
Papyrus6
and7
ProCite
Publisho
rPerish
Ref-11
ReferenceManager
Refer/BibIX
RefWorks
Basic Conversion Instructions

Youh
aveseveraloptionswhenconvertingfromBookendsor
BookendsP
ro.InrecentversionsofBookends,youcanExport
usingtheXML(EndNote8orlater)setting,andthenImportthe
fileintoEndNoteusingtheEndNotegeneratedXMLoption.Or,
ExportfromB
ookendsusingthebibliographicformatoption,
andselecteithertheRISortheEndNoteExport(Refer)format,andthenImportthefileintoEndNoteusingthematching
RISorReferImporto
ption.
User-contributedu
tilitiesandinstructionsforconvertingBibTeX
filesareavailablefromtheEndNoteWebsiteat:http://www.endnote.com.GototheSupporta
ndServicessection.Under
Downloads,findBibTexConversionT
ools,andthenclickMore
tobrowsetheFTPsite.
Conversionu
tilitiesareavailablefromtheEndNoteWebsite.Go
tohttp://www.endnote.com/support/enconversion.asp.
GototheFilemenuinEndNote,selectOpen,andthenselect
OpenLibrary.LocateandOpentheoldEndNotelibrary.Thereferencesw
illbecopiedintoanewEndNotelibrary.
Conversionu
Conversionu
SeeC
reatingaLibraryfromProCite.
Ac onversionutilityisavailablefromtheEndNoteWebsite.
Gotohttp://www.endnote.com/support/enconversion.asp.
Ac onversionutilityisavailablefromtheEndNoteWebsite.
Gotohttp://www.endnote.com/support/enconversion.asp.
SeeCreatinganEndNoteLibraryfromReferenceManager.
UsetheRefer/BibIXimportoptiontoimportaReferorBibIXtext
file.
Seea
descriptionunderFrequentlyAskedQuestionsat
http://www.endnote.com/support/ensupport.asp.
Conversion Instructions Table
Importing References from PubMed

FollowthestepsbelowtodownloadyoursearchresultsfromthePubMedW
ebsiteandtoimportthemintoyourEndNotelibrary.
1. GotothePubMedWebsiteinyourWebbrowserath
ttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed.
2. IntheSearchfield,enteryoursearchcriteriatoexecuteyoursearch.ClicktheSearchbutton.
3. OntheResultspage,selectClipboardfromthe" Sendto"menuinthePubMednavigationbartosaverecordsfrommultiple
searchesasyouwork(optional).YoucanalsoclicktheAddtoClipboardbuttontosavethefirst500result.
4. SelecttheneededresultsandthenselectFilefromthe"Sendto"menu.
5. SelectMEDLINE.
6. Selectasortorderfromthe"Sortby"m
enu.ThedefaultsortorderisRecentlyAdded.
7. ClicktheCreateFilebutton.Thiswillbringupa
dialogboxallowingyoutosaveyourselectedreferencesasatextfile.
8. ClicktheSavebuttontosavethefiletoyourc omputer.Savethefilesomewhereeasilyaccessiblesuchasyourdesktop.
Thedefaultfilenameispubmed_results.txt.Youmayc hangethefilename,butwerecommendsavingthefilewiththe.txt
extension.
9. InEndNote,openthelibrarywhereyouwouldliket osavethesereferences.
10. FromtheFilemenu,selectImport>Filetoopenadialogbox.
11. ClicktheChoosebutton,andthenselectthedownloadedpubmed_result.txtfilefromyourPC.
12. IntheImportOptionfield,selectOtherFilters,a
ndthenselecttheimportfiltercalledPubMed(NLM)fromtheChoosean
ImportFilterdialog.
13. ClicktheChoosebuttontogototheImportFiled
ialog.
14. ClicktheImportbuttontoimportyourreferences.
15. DonotmakeanyselectionsintheDuplicatesandTextTranslationfields.
16. LookinyourGroupscolumntoseeanewgroupcalledImportedReferences.Allthereferencesthatyoudownloadedfrom
PubMedw
illappearinthisgroup.
Note:Ins tep4,donotuseFile>Savefromyourbrowserasthefile,alongw
iththeresults,willnotimport.
Note:Ins tep7,ifyouhaveapopupblockerenabled,suchastheonethatcomesb
ydefaultfromWindowsXPServicePack2,
youmayneedtodisablethep
opupblockertemporarilytoallowthePubMedWebsitetosendyouthefile.
Summary of Output Formats and Corresponding Import Options

Asubsetofthesupportedservicesandtheirrecommendedoutputformatsa
ndimportfiltersarelistedunderOutputFormatswith
CorrespondingImportOptions.Atthetimethismanualw
asprinted,thesewerethecurrentformatoptionsforeachinformationp
roviderlistedinthetable.Ifyoufindthattheseformatshavechanged,p
leasecheckthedocumentationfromyourinformationproviderorcontactu
s.
Beforeyoudownloadreferences fromanonlinesource,pleaseconsiderc opyrightissues.
Copyright Issues and Fair Use of Downloaded Data
EndNoteg
ivesyouthecapabilitytoimportreferencesdownloadedfrom
onlinedatabasesintoitslibraries.Someproducersofonlinereferencedatabasesexpresslyprohibitsuchuseandstorageoftheirdata,otherscharge
anextrafeeforalicensetou
sethedatainthisway.Beforeyoudownload
referencesfroma
database,besuretocarefullycheckthecopyrightand
fairusenoticesforthedatabase.Notethatdifferentdatabasesmayhave
varyingrestrictions,evenfromthesameinformationp
rovider(suchas
DIALOGorOvid).
Direct Export from Web Pages

Copying and Pasting References from a Document into EndNote
Ifyouhaveabibliographythatistooinconsistentordifficulttop
arseusingyourwordprocessor(assuggestedinCreatinga
Custom"Tagged"Format),youcanusetheCopyandPastec ommandsasanalternativemethodforgettingyourdataintoEndNote
ands tillavoidalotofre-typing.Forexample,letssayyouhaveapaperw
ithabibliographyentrysuchas:
Blocker,C.
TotransferthereferencesintoEndNote:
1. Openthelistofreferencesinawordprocessor.
2. SelectareferenceandcopyitusingtheCopycommandinyourwordprocessorsEditmenu.(Somewordprocessorsallow
youtotriple-clickaparagraphtoselectthewholethingatonce.Thatm
ightbeausefulshortcutforquicklyselectingareference.)
3. OpenyourEndNotelibrary,andselectNewReference(Ctrl+N)fromtheReferencesmenutocreateanewreference.
4. PutthecursorintheTitlefieldofthenewreferencea
ndselectPastefromtheEditmenu.
ThiswillpastetheentirereferenceintotheTitlefieldoftheReferencew indow.Fromhere,youcandrag-and-drop(orcutand
paste)theindividualp
iecesofdataintotheirproperfields.Besuretoremoveextraneousp
unctuation,andmakesureauthor
ypePreferencesforinformation
namesareeachonaseparateline.Follow theguidelinesforenteringreferences.SeeReferenceT
aboutsettingadefaultreferencetypefornewreferences.
Importing from CD-ROMS and Online Databases

Importing References Downloaded from CD-ROMs and Online Databases
Ifyouhaveaccesstoanonlinebibliographicdatabase,auniversityc atalog,orabibliographicdatabaseonCD-ROM,youcan
probablyuseEndNotesimportfilterstoimporttextfilessavedordownloadedfromthesesources.E
ndNotefiltersareconfigurablesotheygiveyoutheflexibilitytoimportthereferencedatayouneed,andeliminatedatayoudonotneed.
Therearetwomainthingsyouneedtoknowinordertocorrectlyimportd
ownloadedreferencesintoEndNote:
1. Howtodownloadthedataintherightoutputformat.S
eeGettingDataintheR
ightFormat.
2. WhichimportfiltertousetoimportthedataintoEndNote.SeeChoosingtheC
orrectImportFilter.
ThetableinSummaryofOutputFormatsandCorrespondingImportOptionssummarizesanumberofcommons ourcesofbibliographicdata,theinstructionsfordownloadingtaggedfiles,andtheEndNoteimportoptiontousetoimportthereferencesinto
EndNote.
Getting Data in the Right Format

ToimporttextwithanyoftheEndNotefilters,thedatamustbeconsistently" tagged,"witheachtagstartingonanewline,and
thefiles avedastext.Herearetwoexamples:
AU- CRAMER, TI- AQUATIC
PY- 1993
SO- ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTION. VOL. 5, NO. 2, PG.54-79
DE- LAKES, ACIDIFICATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS, MACROPHYTES, ECOLOGY, PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Author: Cramer,
Title: Aquatic macrophytes and lake acidification
Year: 1993
Source: Environmental Air Pollution. Vol. 5(2) pp.54-79
Keywords: lakes--acidification--environmental
Note:Ifdataisinconsistentlytagged,orpoorlydelimited,itmaynotbepossibletoimportallthedataaccurately.SeeAC ommentAboutDifficultDataFiles.
Ifreferencesaresenttoyouinthebodyofanemail,savetheemailt oaplaintextfile.Youwillimportthetextfile.
Choosing the Correct Import Filter

Onceyouhavecapturedandsavedyourdatafileintheappropriateformat,y oushouldidentifytheproperEndNotefiltertoimport
thedata.Therea
rehundredsoffiltersincludedwithEndNote,eachdesignedtoreadas pecifictaggedformatfromaspecificinformationprovider.
Toseeacompletelistofavailablefilters,selectImportFiltersfromtheEditmenu,andselectOpenFilterManager.
UsetheFindbyb
uttonintheFilterManagerwindowtofindallfiltersforaparticularinformationprovider.Tosearchbyname,use
the"Quick S
earch"textboxontheEndNotetoolbar.YoucanclicktheInfotriangleb
uttontodisplayadditionalinformationabout
thefilter.TheCommentss ectionmaygivecriticalinformationabouthowtoappropriatelydownloadinformationfromthesource
database.
Whenyouhavelocatedthefiltersthatyouwanttouse,markthemasy ourfavoritesbyclickingthec heckboxtotheleftofthe
filtername.Y
oucanalsomarkallofthefilterscurrentlyshowingafterusingtheF
indoptionbyclickingMarkAll.Onceafilteris
markedasafavorite,itwillappearintheImportOptionslistintheimportdialog.
Note:TherearemanymoredatabasesandservicesthatprovidedatathantherearefiltersincludedwithEndNote,soinsome
casesyoumayneedtowriteyourownfilterormodifyoneofours.SeeIntroductiontoFiltersforinformationaboutcreatingand
modifyingfilters.Youc analsocheckourWebsiteperiodicallyfornewandupdatedfilters(http://www.endnote.com).
Comparing a Filter to a Data File

Ifyouareuncertainwhetherafiltermatchesadatafilethatyouhaved
ownloaded,youcancomparetheformatfromyourdownloadeddatafiletoafilter.Todoso,selectafilterintheFilterManager,andclicktheEditbutton.WhentheFilterwindowopens,
selecttheTemplatesoptioninthelistattheleftofthewindow todisplaythetagsrecognizedbyt hatfilter.
Thetagsandtemplatesinthefiltershouldmatchthedatainthefiley ouwanttoimport.SeeTheB
asicComponentsofaFilterfor
informationabouteditingfilters.
Changing the Filter Folder

Bydefault,allfiltersprovidedwithEndNotearestoredintheFiltersfolderfoundintheEndNoteX6programfolder.Thesearethe
filtersdisplayedw
henyouopentheFilterManager.EndNotealsodisplaysfiltersfoundinyourpersonalFiltersfolder.
Whenyoucreateanewfilter,itissavedtoyourpersonalFiltersfolder.W
henyouattempttosavechangestoanexistingfilter,
youmustuseSaveA
stosaveacopytoyourpersonalFiltersfolder.Formoreinformationaboutyourpersonalfolders,andinformationabouthowtochangethelocationo
fyourpersonalfolders,seeFolderL
ocationsPreferences.
Creating Files That EndNote Can Import

Creating Structured Text Files that EndNote Can Import
WhatdoyoudoifyourdataisnotinaformatthatEndNotecanautomaticallyimport?Youcandooneofseveralthings(orevena
combinationtheseo
ptions):
l RearrangethereferencedatausingyourwordprocessorsothatitisinaformatthatEndNotecanimport(oneofthetwo
optionslistedattheendofthistopic).
ndPasting
l CopyandpasteeachpieceofdatafromitssourceintotheproperfieldsinEndNote,asdescribedinCopyinga
References.
l EnterthedatamanuallybytypingitintoEndNoteasdescribedinEnteringR eferences.
CreatingafilethatEndNotecanimportcanbealotofworkifyourd
ataisinanarbitraryorinconsistentformat.Ifyouonlyhavea
fewreferencestoimport(lessthan30or40),itmightbefasterandeasiertoretypethemorcopyandpastethereferencesthanto
trytoputthemintoaformatthatEndNotecanimport.
However,ifyouhavemanyreferencestoimport,itmightsavetimetof irstmanipulatethedatainawordprocessorasbestyou
can,andthenimportthereferencesintoEndNoteandcleanupthereferencesthere.E
veniftheimporteddatadoesnotcome
throughperfectly,itcanberearrangedw
ithEndNotesvariouscommands,drag-and-drop,andcopyandpaste.
Thesearetwodifferentformatsthatyouc anputyourdataintosuchthatitcanbeimportedintoEndNote:
l Atab-delimitedformat(bestifyourdataisinadatabaseorspreadsheetthatc anexporttoatab-delimitedfile)
l Ataggedformat(bestforwhenyourdataisinawordprocessordocumenta
ndlookslikeabibliography)
Note:Toallowf ortheappropriateimportofUnicodecharacters,saveTextEditfilesasWestern(MacOSRoman),andsave
MicrosoftWordfilesa
sUnicodeText(UTF-8).Iftheappropriateoptiondoesnota
ppearontheSavedialog,youcanfirstselectit
underPreferences.
Creating a Tab-Delimited Format

TheTab-delimitedimportoptioncanimporttextfilesinwhicheachreferenceisseparatedbyaparagraphmark(),a
ndthefields
withinareferenceareseparatedbytabs.Mostdatabaseso
rspreadsheetscanexportatab-delimitedtextfile.
Preparing the Data Before Exporting

Author Names
Beforeyouexportdatafromadatabaseorspreadsheetintoatextfile,w
erecommendthatyouseparatemultipleauthornames
withasemicolon(;)ortwoforwardslashes"//".Forexample:
McCartney,P.//Harrison,G.//Lennon,J.
Ifyoucannoteasilydothisinyourdatabase,youcandoitafterexportingo
rmanuallyeditthedataafteritisinEndNote.
Reference Types
Ifpossible,youshouldmakesurethateachreferenceincludesa
fieldindicatingthereferencetype.UseEndNotesReference
Typenamess othatEndNoteisabletorecognizetheformats.Ifyouhaveonlyonetypeofreference(suchasJournalArticles),it
isnotnecessarytodothistheimportsettingscanindicatethatallreferencesshouldbeimportedasjournalsbydefault.
IfyoucannotlabeleachreferencewiththeappropriateReferenceTypename,youshouldexportyourdataintoseparatefiles
basedonreferencetype.Thismakesiteasytopreservetheoriginalreferencetypesofthereferenceswhenimportingthedata
filesintoEndNote.
Preparing the Data File for Import

Oncethetab-delimitedfile(s)aregenerated, y oumustopeneachfileinatexteditororwordprocessorandaddtwolinestoit.
TheselinestellEndNotewhatthedefaultreferencetypeisforthedataandhowthedatashouldbeinterpreted.
First Line: The Default Reference Type
Thefirstlineofthefilemustdefinethedefaultreferencetypefort heentirefile.TheformatforthefirstlineisanasteriskimmediatelyfollowedbyavalidEndNotereferencetype,followedbyaparagraphmark().Forexample:
*JournalArticle<>
Afileofjournalarticlesmightlooklikethis:
*JournalArticle
<>
Author
<tab> Year <tab>Title
<tab> Journal
<tab> Volume
<>
Jones,J//Shoe,S <tab> 1994 <tab> EasyFood
<tab> J.ofEating
<tab> 1
<>
Woo,W//Lee,L
<tab> J.ofClothing <tab> 2
<>
<tab> 1995 <tab> RainHats
Carlos,C\\Luis,L <tab> 1991 <tab> CellPhone <tab> J.ofPhones

Default Reference Type Table
<tab> 3
<>
First Line: Customized Reference Type

Ifyouhavecustomreferencetypes,youmaycheckthembyfollowingtheseinstructions.
1. SelectPreferencesfromtheEditmenu.
2. SelectingReferenceTypes.
3. ClicktheModifyReferenceTypesbutton.
Afileofarticlesinwhichyouareusingcustomizedreferencetypesm
ightlooklikethis:
*MyReferenceType <>
Author
<tab> Journal
<tab> Volume
<>
Jones,J//Shoe,S
<tab> 1994 <tab> EasyFood
<tab> J.ofEating
<tab> 1
<>
Woo,W//Lee,L
<>
Carlos,C\\Luis,L
<tab> 1991 <tab> CellPhone <tab> J.ofPhones

Customized Reference Type Table
<tab> 3
<>
Note: Ensurethatthegenericfields forthereferencetype(ModifyReferenceTypesdialog)a

ppearinline2.
First Line: Using Multiple Reference Types
Ifyoucouldnotmakeseparatefilesbasedonreferencetype,youcans pecifyeachreferencetypewithinonefile.Inthiscase,
yourf irstlinemustbethelistoffieldnamesfoundintheGenericreferencetype,startingwithafieldfor"ReferenceType."T
hen
youcanusetheadditionalReferenceTypecolumntodefinetheactualEndNotereferencetypenames.Forexample:
ReferenceType <tab> Author
<tab>
Secondary
Title
<tab> Volume <>
JournalArticle
<tab> Jones,J//Shoe,S <tab> 1994 <tab> EasyFood
<tab> J.ofEating
<tab> 1
<>
BookSection
<tab> Woo,W//Lee,L
<tab> J.ofClothing
<tab> 2
<>
Report
<tab> Carlos,C\\Luis,L <tab> 1991 <tab> CellPhone <tab> J.ofPhones

Using Multiple Reference Types Table
<tab> 3
<>
Second Line: EndNote Field Names

Thesecondlineofthetab-delimitedfilemustcontaintheactualfieldn
amesusedbyEndNoteintowhichyouwantthedata
imported.Theordero
fthefieldnamesdoesnotmatteraslongastheycorrespondtotheo
rderofthedataintherowsbeneath
themandcorrespondtothenameso
fthedefaultreferencetype.
Forexample,ifyourdefaultreferencetypeis"*JournalArticle,"thenthefieldnamesinthesecondlineofyourfilewillbethoseof
theJournalArticlereferencetype:
*JournalArticle
<>
Author
<tab> Journal
<tab> Volume
<>
Jones,J//Shoe,S <tab> 1994 <tab> EasyFood
<tab> J.ofEating
<tab> 1
<>
Woo,W//Lee,L
<>
Carlos,C\\Luis,L <tab> 1991 <tab> CellPhone <tab> J.ofPhones

EndNote Field Names Table
<tab> 3
<>
Note:Thefieldn
amesmustbeseparatedbytabsandaparagraphmarkmustfollow thelastf ieldname.
Additional Considerations
l ANSI,ASCII,orUTF-8formattedtextfilescanb
eimported.Thismeansthatnofontstyles ortextstyles canbep
reserved
duringimport.
l Allfieldnamesandreferencetypenames inthefilemustbeidenticaltothoseinEndNote.SeetheListofReferenceTypes
foralistingofallofthereferencetypesa
ndfieldnames.
l Multipleauthornamesshouldbeseparatedbys emicolons(;)orbytwoforwardslashes(//).
l Fieldscannotcontaintabsorparagraphmarks.L
etthelinesofdata"wrap"tothenextline.
l Leadingandtrailingspacesareremovedduringimporting.
l Nouppercaseorlowercaseconversionismadeduringimporting.
l Areservedfieldnamecalled"Unused"m
aybeusedfordatathatyoudonotwantimportedintoEndNote.
Errors While Importing Tab-delimited Files
WhenyouarereadytoimportthisfileintoEndNote,selectImportfromtheFilemenu,andthenselectTab-Delimitedasyour
importoption.SeeG
eneralImportingInstructions.
IfEndNotecannotimportarecordorafieldwithinarecord,itwillalertyoutotheerror.Therearethreebasicalerts:
l Bad Default Reference TypeThedefaultreferencetypethatyouspecifiedinthefirstlineofthefileisnotavalidEndNotereferencetypename.(Theproblemcanbeassimpleasextraspacesafterthereferencetypenameinyourtextfile.)
l Bad Field NameAfieldnamethatyouenteredinline2ofthefileisnotavalidE
ndNotefieldname.
l Missing Reference Type InformationThereisnodefaultreferencetypespecifiedforthefileandthereisnoreference
typefielddefinedforthereferences.
Ifyougetoneoftheseerrormessagesduringtheimportprocess:
1. Opentheimportfileinawordprocessor.
2. Correcttheproblem.
3. Savethefileasatextfile
4. Repeattheimportprocess.
Related Topics:
ChoosingtheCorrectImportFilter
CreatingaCustom"Tagged"Format
CreatingaTagged"EndNoteImport"File
CreatingStructuredTextFilesthatEndNoteCanImport
DirectExportfromWebPages
ImportOptions
ImportingReferenceDataintoEndNote
ImportingReferencesDownloadedfromCD-ROMsandOnline
ImportingReferencesFromOtherBibliographicSoftwarePrograms
SummaryofOutputFormatsandCorrespondingImportOptions
Creating a Custom "Tagged" Format

IfyouhavealargebibliographythatyouwouldliketoimportintoE
ndNote,itmaybepossibletouseyourwordprocessorsFind
andReplacec ommandstoinsertdescriptivetagsinfrontofsomeofthefieldsofd
atasothatEndNotecanaccuratelyimportthe
references.Inadditiontoaddingtags,youalsoneedtomakeafiltertoreadyourtags.(SeeC hoosingtheCorrectImportF
ilterfor
informationaboutusingapredefinedEndNoteImportformatifyouwouldrathernotcreateyourownfilter.)
Thistopicoutlinesthebasicstepstoconvertabibliographyintoataggedtextfile.
Step I. Save a Copy of Your File
l Openyourbibliographyinawordprocessorands aveacopyofthefilewithanewname(thisisyourbackup).
l Removeeverythingbutthereferencedatafromt hefile.
Step II. Add Descriptive Field Tags
Useyourwordprocessors FindandReplacecommandstosearchforuniquedelimitersbetweenfields,andinsertparagraph
marksanddescriptivefieldtagsinfrontofspecificfields.Forthisexample,wewillshowa
verysimplecasewhereonlythestart
ofeachreferenceistagged,andthefilterdoestherestofthework.Thisworkswellforreferenceliststhathavecleardelimiters
separatingtheindividualcomponentsofthereference(author,year,title,andsoon).Insomecases,youmayhaveb
etterresults
makingadditionalreplacementsinthetextfilebeforeimporting.Themoretagsyouaddtoyourdata,thegreaterdegreeofaccuracyy oucangetwiththeimportfilter.
Supposeyourreferenceslooklikethis:
Jones,M.
Billoski,
Theprocessofconvertingthisbibliographicformattoataggedformatw
ouldbesomethinglikethis:
l Searchfor2paragraphmarks(sincethereferencesareseparatedby1blankline),andreplacewithtwoparagraphmarksanda
tag"XX-"f ollowedbyaspace.
Theresultisataggeddatafilethatlookslikethis:
XX-Jones,
XX-Billoski,
Onceyouhavemadeallthechangestotagasmuchofthedataasnecessary,s avethefile(asaplaintextfile),andcreatean
importfiltertomatchthetagsandformatsofthereferences.
Step III: Create a Filter
UsingEndNote,createanewfiltertoreadyourdatafile(seeCreatinga
NewFilter).Thetemplateofafilterfortheabovedatafile
wouldlooklikethis:
Tag
Field
XX-
Author(Year)"Title"Journal.Vol.V
olumeno.
Issue,
Note:EachfieldlistedfortheTagmustappearineachofyourreferences.Ifareferenceismissinganyofthefields,theentire
referencewillnotbeimportedintoyourEndNotelibrary.
Step IV: Clean Up the Data
Afteryousetupyourfilewithtagsandcreateafiltertoimportit,y oushouldtestandrefinethefilterbyimportingintoanew
library.O
nceyourfilterisworkingasyouwouldlikeit,youcanuseittoimportthedatafileintoyourrealEndNotelibrary.
Ifyoucannotgetthefiltertoimporteverythingexactlyasyouwant,y oumayhavetodosomemanualeditingtocorrectthiseither
beforeora
fterimportingthedataintoEndNote.Youmightfinditusefultoimportintoatestlibrary,thenusetheChangeFields,
Move/CopyFields ,andFindandReplaceoptionstoc leanupthedata.Then,transferthesereferencestoyourreallibraryw
ith
drag-and-drop,copyandpaste,ortheImportcommand.
Creating a Tagged EndNote Import File

TheEndNoteImportformatisataggedformatbasedontherulesofRefer/BibIXformat.Inthisformat,eachfieldofdata(thatis,
Journal,Volume,orTitle)isprecededbyanidentifyingtag:a
percentsign(%)followedbyasinglecapitalletter,anumber,ora
specialcharacter.Entirereferencesareseparatedbyoneblankline:
%0Book
%AGeoffreyC
haucer
%D1957
%TTheW
orksofGeoffreyChaucer
%EF.
%IHoughton
%CBoston
%N2nd
%0JournalA
rticle
%AHerbertH
.Clark
%D1982
%THearersa
ndSpeechActs
%BLanguage
%V58
%P332-373
%0Thesis
%ACantucci,E
lena
%TPermians tratainSouth-EastAsia
%D1990
%IUniversityo
fCalifornia,Berkeley
%9Dissertation
Author Names in the EndNote Import Format

l Authorn
amesusethe%Atag.Thistagshouldrepeatforeachauthor,withthenameslistedoneperline:
%AJones,M
ary
%ASimon,Jeff
l Authorn
amescanappeareitheras:
GeoffreyChauceror
l Eitherinitialsorfullnamesareaccepted.
Defining Reference Types

Setthereferencetypeforeachoftheimportedreferencesbyusing%
0(zero)andthereferencetypename.
Thedefaultreferencetypesarelistedbelow.Ifyouhavemodifiedareferencetype,yourEndNotedatafilesshouldusethenew
nameinstead.
%0Generic
%0GovernmentD
ocument
%0AggregatedD atabase
%0G
rant
%0AncientT
ext
%0H
earing
%0Artwork
%0J ournalArticle
%0AudiovisualM
aterial
%0L
egalRuleorRegulation
%0Bill
%0M
agazineArticle
%0Blog
%0M
anuscript
%0Book
%0M
ap
%0BookS
ection
%0M
usic
%0Case
%0N
ewspaperArticle
%0Catalog
%0O
nlineDatabase
%0ChartorTable
%0O
nlineMultimedia
%0ClassicalW
ork
%0P
amphlet
%0ComputerP
rogram
%0P
atent
%0ConferencePaper
%0P
ersonalCommunication
%0ConferenceProceedings
%0R
eport
%0Dictionary
%0S
erialPublication
%0EditedB
ook
%0S
tandard
%0ElectronicArticle
%0S
tatute
%0ElectronicBook
%0T
hesis
%0Encyclopedia
%0U
npublishedWork
%0Equation
%0W
ebPage
%0Figure
%0U
nused1
%0Filmo
rBroadcast
%0U
nused2
%0U
nused3
Reference Types Table
EndNote Tags and Corresponding Fields

ThetablebelowshowsthetagsrecognizedintheEndNoteImportformata
ndthecorrespondingEndNotefieldintowhicheach
taggeditemisimportedfortheGenericreferencetype.Forotherreferencetypes,manyfieldsmaybemappedtotheNotesfield
sincealimitednumberoffieldsareincludedineachreferencetype.
Note:TheFigurefieldisnotincludedforimporting
Tag
EndNote Generic Field Name
%A
Author
%B
SecondaryTitle(ofa
BookorConference
Name)
%C
PlacePublished
%D
Year
%E
Editor/SecondaryAuthor
%F
Label
%G
Language
%H
TranslatedAuthor
%I
Publisher
%J
JournalName
%K
Keywords
%L
CallNumber
%M
AccessionNumber
%N
Number(Issue)
%O
AlternateTitle
%P
Pages
%Q
TranslatedTitle
%R
DOI
%S
TertiaryTitle
%T
Title
%U
URL
%V
Volume
%W
DatabaseProvider
%X
Abstract
%Y
TertiaryAuthor/Translator
%Z
Notes
%0
ReferenceType
%1
Custom1
%2
Custom2
%3
Custom3
%4
Custom4
%6
NumberofVolumes
%7
Edition
%8
Date
%9
TypeofWork
%?
SubsidiaryAuthor
%@ ISBN/ISSN
%!
ShortTitle
%#
Custom5
%$
Custom6
%]
Custom7
%&
Section
%(
OriginalPublication
%)
ReprintEdition
%*
ReviewedItem
%+
AuthorAddress
%^
Caption
%>
FileAttachments
%<
ResearchNotes
%[
AccessDate
%=
Custom8
%~
NameofDatabase
EndNote Tags Table
Related Topics:
ChoosingtheCorrectImportFilter
Creatinga
Custom"Tagged"Format
Creatinga
Tab-DelimitedFormat
CreatingS
tructuredTextFilesthatEndNoteCanImport
ImportOptions
ImportingR eferenceDataintoEndNote
ImportingR eferencesDownloadedfromCD-ROMsandOnline
ImportingR eferencesFromOtherBibliographicSoftwarePrograms
Summaryo
fOutputFormatsandCorrespondingImportOptions
Searching and Sorting in EndNote

Showing and Hiding References
Showing and Hiding References
WhenworkingwithreferencesinyourEndNotelibrary,youcanviewallo
fthereferencesorjustasubset.Forexample,ifyou
searchforreferencesa
ndfind10matchingreferences,onlythose10referenceswillappearinthereferencelist.Inalibrarythat
contains210references,thew
ords"Showing10outof210references"willappearatt hebottomoftheLibrarywindow.Formore
informationaboutselectingreferencesandworkingwithshowingreferences,see:
l SelectingReferences
l WorkingwithShowingReferences
l UsingShowSelectedandHideSelected
Working with Showing References

SomeEndNotecommands(suchasSearchLibrary,ChangeField,ChangeT
ext,Sort,Print,andExport)canworkwithjustthose
referencesthata
re"showing"intheLibrarywindow.Hereareafewexampleso
foperationsthatyoucandowiththeshowingreferences:
l RestricttheSearchLibrarycommandtosearchonlytheshowingreferences.
l Addtheresultsofanewsearchtothecurrentlistofreferencesasawaytocombinesearchresults.SelectAddReferencestomovethereferencestoaparticulargroup.
l UsetheFindandReplace,ChangeFields,andMoveFields commandstomodify onlytheshowingreferences.
l UsethetermlistsUpdateListcommandtoscano
nlytheshowingreferencesfornewterms.
l CreateaSubjectBibliographyfromtheshowingreferences.
l PrintorExportonlythe"showing"references.
OnewaytoviewasubsetofreferencesistousetheSearchLibrarycommand.TheShowSelectedR eferencesandHide
SelectedReferencescommandsintheReferencesm
enuprovideanotherconvenientwayforyoutocontrolwhichreferencesa
re
showingintheLibrarywindow.
Using Show Selected and Hide Selected

UsetheShowSelectedReferencescommandtorestrictthereferencess howingintheLibrarywindowtoonlytheselectedreferences.
TousetheShowSelectedReferencescommand:
1. Selectthereferencesofinterest(holddowntheC
trlkeya
ndclickthereferenceswiththemouse,orholddowntheShift
keytoselectarangeofreferences).
2. FromtheReferencesmenu,selectShowSelectedR
eferences.Thereferencesthatyouhadselectedwillnowbetheonly
onesshowingintheLibrarywindow.
3. Afteryouhavecompletedyourwork,selectReferences>ShowAllR eferencestodisplayallreferencesintheLibrarywindow.
TheHideSelectedReferencescommandissimilartotheShowSelectedR
eferencescommandexceptthatittemporarilyhides
theselectedreferencesintheLibrarywindowfromview.
TousetheHideSelectedReferencescommand:
1. Selectthereferencesthatyouwanttotemporarily h
ide.
2. FromtheReferencesmenu,selectHideSelectedR
eferences.
3. Afteryouhavecompletedyourwork,selectShowAllReferencesfromtheReferencesmenutoreturnallofthereferences
totheLibrarywindow.
Related Topics:
Showinga
ndHidingReferences
TheSearchWindow
Workingw
ithShowingReferences
Searching for References

Searching for References
EndNoteprovidesapowerfulandflexibleSearchLibrarycommandthate
nablesyoutolocatespecificreferencesorgroups ofreferences.Fore
xample,youcanselectaverygeneralsearch,onethatscanstheentirelibrary,oryoucanlimityoursearchesto
specificfields (suchasAuthoro
rKeywords).Youcanalsocreatemorecomplexsearchesusingavarietyo
foperatorssuchas
And,Or,Not,Greaterthan,Lessthan,andothers.
verYoucanusetheSearchpaneltosearchEndNotelibrariesaswellasremotedatabasesthatareavailableonline.SeeQuickO
viewofOnlineDatabaseSearchingforinformationaboutonlined
atabasesearches.
Thesetopicswillhelpyouinyoursearching:
l QuickSearch
l TheSearchPanel
l SearchCommandTips
l SimpleSearches
l RestrictingSearchestoSpecificF
ields
l UsingComparisonOperators
l CombiningSearchLineswith"And,"" Or,"and"Not"
l CombiningResultsfromSeparateS
earches
l SavingSearchStrategies
l Creatinga
SmartGroupfromanExistingSearchStrategy
Quick Search
Toquicklysearchyourentirelibrary,usethe"QuickSearch"textboxontheMaintoolbar.
Withyourlibrarylistdisplayed,e
nterawordorphrase,andthenpressEnter.EndNoteexecutesagenerals earchofallfields.You
canusethedrop-downlisttoselectarecents earchterm.NotethatyoucannotsearchPDFfilesusingQuickSearch.
Ifyouneedamorespecificorcomplicatedsearch,useTheS
earchPanel.
Search Command Tips

Canceling Searches
Pressing( Escc ancelsasearchinprogress.
Matching Partial Words

UnlessyouhaveselectedtheMatchW
ordsoption,EndNotematchespartialwordswhensearchingfortext(bothright-andlefttruncationareenabled).Consequently,youcansearchforjusttherootofawordandfindallrelatedterms.Thisisagoodt acticfor
generalsubjectsearches.Selectanappropriatecomparisono
peratorsuchas"Fieldbeginswith"or"Wordbeginswith"toapply
truncationtoyoursearchterm.
Diacritics (Accents)
Tosearchforspecificdiacriticalm
arks,selecttheMatchCaseoption;letterssuchas,andwillmatcht hoselettersexactly.
Thus,asearchfor"rsum"willnotfind"resume."Ifyouwanttofindallvariationsofaletter,deselecttheMatchCaseoption.
SeeEnteringS
pecialCharactersforinformationaboutenteringdiacritics.
Finding Tabs and Carriage Returns
UsetheOptionsbuttontoinserta
TaboraCarriageReturninthesearchline.
Searching for Numbers
Whenyousearchforanumber,E
ndNotelooksforthatstringastext,exactly,inyourreferencetext.F
orexample,asearchon
"AnyField"which"Contains"thesearchtext"0025"willmatchthenumbers00025and0025,b
utitwillnotmatch25.
Thereisanexceptionforrecordn
umbers.Recordnumbers,whichareassignedbyEndNote,cannotincludeleadingzeros.When
yousearchAnyFieldforanumber,EndNotelooksfora
nexactmatchinalltextfields;however,leadingzerosarestrippedfrom
yoursearchtextbeforecomparingittorecordnumbers.Onlyanexactmatchofarecordnumberwillbereturned.So,asearchfor
"0025"w
illmatchrecordnumber25.Itwillnotmatchrecordnumber250.
Searching with Multiple Libraries Open
TheSearchLibrarycommandsearchesonelibraryatatime.Viewthelibraryyouwanttosearch,andusetheS
earchpanel.
Author Fields
ThefieldnamesintheFieldlista
reEndNotes"Generic"fieldnames,whichmeansthatAuthorrepresentsReporter,Editor,Artist
oranyothervariationsoftheAuthorfieldusedinthedifferentreferencetypes.
Ifyouwishtosearchforauthorinitials,makesuretoincludeaspacebetweenthefirstandsecondinitial.Forexample:
Smith,JP
Ifyoudonotincludeaspaceb
etweeninitials,EndNotewillassumethatJPisacompletefirstname.
Tolimityoursearch,selectthe" MatchWords"checkbox.Forexample,asearchforSmith,JP
withMatchWordsselectedwill
findonlythoseworkswithSmith,J P
intheAuthorfield.AsearchforSmith,JPwithoutMatchWordss electedwillalsofind
referencesbyauthorssuchasSmith-Wilkins,J eremiah.
The Year Field
WhensearchingintheYearfield,a
searchfor"1994"retrievesonlyreferencespublishedin1994,w
hereasasearchfor"94"
retrievesreferencesfromthe1940sand1994.
Finding Empty Fields

EndNotecansearchforemptyfields.S
electthedesiredfieldfromtheFieldlist,selectIsasthecomparisono
perator,andleave
thesearchtermblank.ClickSearchandEndNotefindsreferencesinwhichthechosenfieldisblank.
Finding File Attachments
Youcaneasilysearchforaspecificfileattachmentbyname.Searchfor:
FileAttachments
Is
[nameofthefile]
Tosearchforallreferencesthatincludefileattachments,enterthesetwosearchlines:
NOT
RecordNumber
FileAttachments
Isgreaterthanorequalto
Is
1
[blank]
Thefirstlineensuresthatallreferencesaresearched,andthesecondlinelooksforreferencesinwhichtheFileAttachmentsfield
isnotblank.
Note:A
nothereasywaytoseereferenceswithfileattachmentsistosimply c lickonthepaperclipheaderintheLibrarywindow
tosortthosereferencesa
tthetopofthelistofreferences.
Cleaning Up Search Results
Afterexecutingasearch,therem
aybeahandfulofreferencesthatyouwanttoexcludefromthesearchresults.SelectthosereferencesandselectHideSelectedReferencestoh
idethemfromthesetoffoundreferencesanddisplayexactlythereferences
thatyouwant.Oftenthisismucheasierthantryingtorefineyoursearch.
Viewing the Opposite of Your Search Results
LetssaythatyouhavesearchedforallofthereferenceswrittenbyBilloskio
rHall,soyouarecurrentlyviewingonlythosereferences.Now,youw
ouldliketoviewthereferencesnotwrittenbythoseauthors.Insteadofdoinganothersearch:
1. Clickinthelistofreferences.
2. FromtheEditmenu,chooseSelectAll(C
trl+A)toselectalloftheHallandBilloskireferences.
3. FromtheReferencesmenu,selectShowAllReferences(CtrlShift+M).Noticethattheoriginalselectionismaintained.
4. FromtheReferencesmenu,selectHideSelectedR
eferences.
Youareleftviewingonlythosereferencesthatwerenotpreviouslys howingintheLibrarywindow,thatis,allreferencesnot
writtenbyH
allorBilloski.
Setting and Restoring Defaults for the Search Panel
ndselectSetDefaulttosavethecurrentconfigurationo
ftheSearchpanelasyourdefault.Thedefault
configurationwillappearw heneveryoufirstdisplaytheSearchpanel.
Thelayoutofthewindow(suchasthenumberofsearchlines)issaved,a
sarealloftheoperators,fieldnames,andtheMatch
CaseandMatchW ordsettings.Thesearchtermsarenotsaved.
ndselectRestoreDefaultontheSearchpaneltoclearoutallofthesearchtermscurrentlyenteredin
theSearchpanel,andreseta
llofthesettingsbacktothedefaultconfiguration.
Related Topics:
CombiningR esultsfromSeparateSearches
CombiningSearchLineswithAnd,Or,andNot
RestrictingS
earchestoSpecificFields
SavingS
earchStrategies
SimpleSearches
TheSearchWindow
UsingC
omparisonOperators
Simple Searches
Using Quick Search
Onthetoolbar,typeasearchtermintothe"QuickSearch"textboxandpressEntertosearcha
llreferences.SeeQuickSearch.
UsingtheSearchpaneltofindallreferences thatcontainaparticularterm:
1. DisplayAllReferencestomakesureyouaresearchingy ourentirelibrary.
2. FromtheToolsmenu,selectSearchLibrary(Ctrl+F).Or,clickontheSearchtabintheTabspanel.
3. SetthesearchfieldtoAnyFieldandthecomparisonlisttoContains.
4. Typethedesiredtextintothefirstsearchline.
5. ClickSearchtobeginthesearch.
Ifnoreferencesinthelibrarymatchyoursearchrequest,EndNotedisplays" Nomatchingreferenceswerefound."Otherwise,all
matchingreferencesaredisplayedintheLibrarywindow.(Clickonacolumnheadertoapplyasortorder).
Whenyouarefinishedworkingwiththefoundreferences,clicktheAllR
eferencesgrouporselectShowAllReferences(Ctrl+M)
fromtheReferencesmenutorestoreallreferences toview,orstartanothersearch.
Aftercompletingasearch,EndNotedisplaysthesamelibrarythatyouw ereviewingbeforethesearch,howeveronlythereferencesthatmatchy oursearchrequestsareshowing.
ThereferencesfoundinthelastsearchoperationaresavedinatemporarySearchResultsgroup.Eachtimeyourunasearch,the
temporarySearchR
esultsgroupisupdatedwiththenewsetofreferences.Whenyouclosethelibrary,thistemporarygroupisdiscarded.
Restricting Searches to Specific Fields

UsetheFieldlistontheSearchpaneltonarrowyoursearchtoaspecificf ield.YoucanselectAnyFieldtolookforyoursearch
termsinanyoft hefields inyourreferences.
Forexample,tofindreferencespublishedin2010,restrictthesearchtotheYearfieldtoavoidfindingentriesthatinclude2010in
theabstract,title,orelsewhere.
ThefieldnamesintheFieldlistareEndNotes"generic"fieldnames.Forexample,AuthorrepresentsReporter,Editor,Artistor
anyothervariationsoftheAuthorfieldusedinthedifferentreferencetypes.SeetheGenericreferencetypeforacompletelistof
genericfieldnamesandtheircorrespondingfieldnamesineachreferencetype.
EndNotecanimportreferencesfromhundredsofsources,eachofwhichusesitsownsetoffieldnames.OnceyouhavetransferredreferencesintoEndNote,youwillsearchforinformationbyusingthedestinationE
ndNotegenericfieldnames,andnotthe
originalfieldnamesfromtheinformationprovider.Forexample,thePMIDn
umberfromPubMedtypicallytransfersintotheAccessionNumberfieldinEndNote.TosearchforaspecificPMIDinEndNote,searchtheAccessionNumberfield.
Searching Fields and PDF Files

YoucansearchallfieldsandattachedPDFfilesinyourselectedreferencelist.
1. SelecttheAnyField+PDFwithNotesoptionfromtheFieldlist.
2. SelectanitemfromtheComparisonlisttoindicateh
owthesearchterm(s)shouldrelatetothesearch.
3. Enterthesearchterm(s)thatyouwanttolocate.F
orexample,youcanenterasingletermorastringofterms
4. ClicktheSearchbutton.
Thefollowingrulesapply whenyouselectthePDFoptionortheAnyF
ield+PDFoptionfromtheFieldlist.
l Bydefault,EndNoteignorescapitalizationwhens earchingfortext.Forexample,asearchforthetermhospitala
lsofinds
Hospital.
l Ifyouenteraphrase,EndNoteretrievesreferencesthatcontainthewordsyouenteredinanyfieldorinaPDFfile.T
he
wordsappeartogetheriftheyareinanyEndNotefieldoranyP
DFfile.Forexamplethequery,hospital careretrievesreferencescontainingthetermhospital careineitherafieldoraPDFfile.
l EndNotesearchesquotationmarks("")ascharacterswhenyouselectaspecificfield,thePDFoption,ortheAnyField+
PDFwithNotesoption.Forexample,thequery poured cold waterretrievesreferencesthatcontainthequotedphrase
pouredcoldwaterwithinareference,aPDFfile,orwithinaSticky Note.Thephrase"pouredc oldwater"isignoredby
EndNotesinceitdoesnotcontainq
uotationmarks.
Reminder: MatchC aseandMatchWordrulesapplywhentheseoptionsareselected.SeeT
heSearchPanelformoreinformationaboutthesefeatures.
Rules for Single Word Searching
WhensearchingforasinglewordinanyfieldusingtheContainscomparisono
perator,EndNoteappliesbothleft-andright-hand
truncation.F
orexample,theterm
plantfinds:
Plant
plant
plantc lassification
planter
"plant"
Using Comparison Operators

Comparison Operators
The"comparisonoperators"areusedtoindicatehowthesearchtermrelatestothechosenfieldinthatsearchline.Forexample,if
y ouhaveasearchlinethatlookslikethis:
Field
Title
Comparison Operator
Search Term
Contains
Dinosaur
Comparison Operator Table
YouwillbesearchingforreferenceswheretheTitle(thesearchfield)c ontains(thecomparisonoperator)dinosaur(thesearch
term).
Thecomparisonoperatorsfunctionasfollows:
l Contains:findsallreferenceswherethesearchfieldincludesthesearchterm.Thesearchtermincludesbothleftandright
truncation,soasearchfor"house"w ouldfind"house,""greenhouse,"and"household"a
nywhereinthefield.Ifyouwantto
limitthesearchspecificallytotheword"house,"checktheMatchWordsboxontheSearchd
ialog.
Note:Onlythe" Contains" comparisonoperatorisavailablewhensearchingo
nlinedatabases.ThefollowingoperatorsareavailableforsearchingtheEndNotelibrary.Pleasenotethatsomeoperatorsmaynotworktogetherwithsomeoptionsselectedfrom
theFieldlist.
l Is:findsallreferencesinwhichthee
ntirecontentofthesearchfieldisexactlythesameasthesearchterm.
Note:Thisoperatordoesnotworkinsearcheswhereyouselectthe"AnyField+PDFwithNotes"optionfromtheFieldlist.
l Is Less Than:findsallreferencesinwhichthesearchtermislessthanthecontentsofthesearchfield.
l Is Less Than or Equal To:findsallreferencesinwhichthesearchtermislessthanoridenticaltothec ontentsofthesearch
field.
l Is Greater Than:findsallreferencesinwhichthesearchtermisgreaterthanthecontentsofthesearchfield.
l Is Greater Than or Equal To:findsa
llreferencesinwhichthesearchtermisgreaterthanoridenticaltothecontentsofthe
searchfield.
Note:F
orallofthe"GreaterThan"and"LessThan"comparisons,t hecomparisoniseithernumericaloralphabetical
basedonthenatureo
ftheterm.Whenthefieldshavebothnumbersandletters,numbersarec onsidered"lessthan"
letters,andemptyfieldsareignored.
l Field Begins With:findsallreferencesinwhichthesearchtermisfoundatthebeginningoftheselectedfield(alsoreferredto
asrightfieldtruncation).Thesearchtermc anbeapartialword,afullword,orseveralwords,andwillbec omparedtotheinitial
textinthefield.Ifyouentermorethana
singleword,rememberthatpunctuationandspacesaresignificant,s oyoumustenter
exactlywhatisfoundinthereference.Ifyoudon
otwanttomatchpartialwords,checktheMatchWordsbox.
l Field Ends With:findsallreferencesinwhichthesearchtermisfoundattheendofthefield(alsoreferredtoasleftfieldtruncation).Thesearchtermcanbeapartialword,a
fullword,orseveralwords,andwillbecomparedtotheendingtextinthe
field.Ifyouentermorethanasingleword,rememberthatpunctuationandspacesaresignificant,soyoumustenterexactly
whatisfoundattheendofthefield.Ifyoudonotwanttomatchp
artialwords,checktheMatchWordsbox.
l Word Begins With:findsallreferencesinwhichthesearchtermisfoundatthebeginningofawordanywhereinthefield
(alsoreferredtoasrightwordtruncation).Punctuationa
ndspacesareignored.Thiscanhelpyoufindwordsthatstartwiththe
sameroot.Forexample,searchingforawordthatbeginswith" land,"wouldalsofind"landing"and"landfill,"b
utnot"Iceland"
or"island."
Note:The"Fieldb
eginswith,""Fieldendswith,"and"Wordbeginsw
ith"comparisonsalltreatAuthorfieldslikeanyotherfield.
Thereisnomanipulationofsurnamesandfirstnames;EndNotesimplylooksattheliteralstringoftextinthefield.
Examples of Comparison Operators in Searches

Field
Year
Year
Year
Title
Author
Author
Title
Title
Abstract
Title
Abstract
Any
Field
Comparison
Operator
Isg
reater
than
Islessthan
Isg
reater
than
orequalto
Islessthan
Islessthan
orequalto
Isg
reater
than
orequalto
Contains
Is
Is
Fieldb
egins
with
Fielde
nds
with
Wordb
egins
with
Search
Term
2000
allreferencespublishedafter2000
2000
1998
allreferencespublishedbefore2000
referencesp
ublishedduringorafter1998
A
C
allreferenceswheretitlesstartwithanumber
allreferenceswithauthorswhoselastnamesbeginwithA,B,oran
umber;thiswould
notmatchanamesuchas"Carter,"a
s"CaisgreaterthanC
allreferenceswithauthorswhoselastnamesbeginwithS-Z
hawaii
hawaii
sediment
dinosaur
house
EndNote finds:
allreferenceswith"hawaiiinthetitle
allreferenceswith"hawaiia
stheexacttitle
allreferenceswithnoabstract(emptyfield)
allreferenceswheretitlesstartwith"sediment,"including" Sediments,"and"Sedimentation,"butnot" Synsedimentary
allreferenceswhereabstractsendwith"dinosaur,"whichw
ouldinclude"duck-billed
dinosaur,"butnot"dinosaurextinction"or"dinosaurs"
allreferenceswhereanyfieldincludesawordthatbeginswith"house,"w
hichwould
includetextsuchas"U.S.HouseofRepresentatives"a
nd"household,"butnot"greenhouse"
Combining Search Lines with AND, OR, and NOT Operators

YoucancombinesearchlinesontheSearchpanelwiththeBooleano
perators"And,""Or,"and"Not"toproducet hefollowing
effects:
l ANDfindsreferencesthatmatchthep
recedingsearchline(s)andthefollowings earchline.Andnarrowssearchresults.
Example:As earchfor"triceratops"AND"extinction"findsonlythosereferencesthatmentionbothterms.
l ORfindsreferencesthatmatcheithertheprecedingsearchline(s)orfollowings earchterm.ORbroadensthesearch.
Example:As earchfor"triceratops"OR"extinction"findsallreferencesthatincludeeitherterm.
l NOTfindsallreferencescontainingt heprecedingterm(s)andthenomitsreferencesthatcontainthesubsequentterm.NOT
narrowssearchresults.
Example:As earchfor"triceratops"Not"extinction"findsallreferencesincluding"triceratops,"excludinganytriceratops
referencesthatmentionedextinction.
YoucanusetheBooleanoperators(AND,ORandNOT)insequencewitha
smanyasninesearchlinestobuildyoursearch
strategy.
Itemsincombinationsearchesareexecutedfromthetopfieldtothebottomfieldo
ftheSearchpanel.Forexample,ifyouhave
enteredfoursearchlinesontheSearchpanel,EndNotecarriesoutthesearchbycombiningtheresultso
fthefirsttwoitemswith
thethirdsearchline.Thoseresultsarecombinedw
iththefourthsearchlinetoproducethefinalsearchresults.
Related Topics:
CombiningR esultsfromSeparateSearches
SearchCommandT
ips
SimpleSearches
TheSearchPanel
UsingC
omparisonOperators
Combining Results from Separate Searches

Bydefault,EndNotesearchesthecurrentgroupandthendisplaysonlyt heresultsofthesearchintheLibrarywindow.Tosearch
onlyasubseto
freferences,ortocombineyoursearchresultswithotherreferences,s electoneofthefollowingoptionsfromthe
SearchSetlistontheSearchtab.
Search Whole Library/Search Whole Group

IfAllReferencesoroneoftheautomatictemporarygroupsaredisplayedinthereferencelist,thefirstiteminthesearchsetlist
(andthed
efaultsetting)isSearchWholeLibrary.ThetabitselfistitledSearch.U
setheSearchWholeLibrarysettingtomake
sureyouaresearchingeveryreferenceinyourlibrary.
Ifthereferencelistdisplaysacustomgroup,smartgroup,orOnlineSearchg
roup,thefirstsearchsetitemisSearchWhole
Group.Usethissettingtolimityoursearchtoaspecificgroupofreferences.ThetitleoftheSearchpanelchangestoSearchplus
thenameofthegroup,s uchasSearch-Literature.
Add Search Results to Currently Showing References

Select"Addtoshowingreferences"ifyouwanttosearchthew
holelibraryandaddtheresultsofyoursearchtoasubsetofshowingreferences.Forexample,ifyouhavealreadyfoundagroupofreferencesw
rittenbyKomarin2000,andnowyouwantt oadd
allreferenceswrittenbyBilloskiin1997:
1. FromtheToolsmenu,selectSearchLibrary(Ctrl+F).
2. Enter"Billoski"inAuthorand"1997"inYear.
3. FromtheSearchSetlist,selectAddtoshowingreferences.
4. ClickSearchandyoushouldseethecombinedresultso
fthetwosearches.
Search Only the "Showing" References

Selectthe"Searchshowingreferences"optionintheS
earchdialogtorestrictasearchtoonlythosereferencesthatarecurrently
displayedintheLibrarywindow.
Thisisusefultonarrowtheresultsofaprevioussearch,tosearcha
savedgroupofreferences,ortosearchasetofreferences
thatyouh
avejustimportedfromanotherlibraryoronlinedatabase.
Omit Search Results from Showing References

Selectthe"Omitfromshowingreferences"optiontohidetheresultsofasearchfromthereferencesthatareshowinginthe
Libraryw
indow.Thisisaconvenientwaytolocateallreferencesthatdo notincludeaparticulartermortonarrowtheresultsofa
previouss earch.Forexample,tofindallreferencesnotaboutextinction:
1. WithallofthereferencesshowingintheLibraryw indow,selectSearchLibraryfromtheToolsmenu.
2. SelectOmitfromShowingReferences fromtheSearchS
etlistontheSearchpanel.
3. Type"extinction"intothefirstsearchline,leavingtheFieldlistsettoAnyField.
4. ClickSearch.
EndNotedisplayseveryreferenceexceptthosethatcontaintheword" extinction."
Related Topics:
CombiningSearchLineswithAnd,Or,andNot
SavingS
earchStrategies
SearchCommandT
ips
Searchingf orReferences
SimpleSearches
TheSearchWindow
UsingC
omparisonOperators
Saving Search Strategies

TheSaveSearchandLoadSearchcommandsaccessedw iththeOptionsbuttonallowyoutosavethesettingsc urrentlyonthe
Searchpanelandrecallthemforlateruse.Mostoftheo
ptionsontheSearchpanelaresaved,includingthesearchterms;however,thetargetofthesearch(theEndNotelibraryoronlinedatabase)isnots aved.
Tosaveasearch:
1. ConfiguretheSearchpanel.
2. ClicktheOptionsbuttonandselectSaveSearch.
3. Adialogappears,promptingyoutonamethesearchs trategy.EnteroreditthenameandclickSave.Thes earchfilesare
savedbydefaultintheEndNote\Searches folderintheWindowsApplicationDatafolder.Y
oumaysavethemelsewhereif
youprefer,butEndNotewillopentothisSearchesfolderwhenyouchoosetoLoadasavedsearch.EndNoteadds".ENQ
asthefilenameextensionforsavedsearches.
Toloadasavedsearch:
1. OntheSearchpanel,clicktheOptionsbuttonandselectLoadSearch.
2. Inthedialogthatappears,selectthesearchstrategyt hatyouwouldliketouse,andclickOpen.
3. ThecontentsandsettingsoftheSearchwindow c hangetoreflectthesavedsearch.ClickSearchtoinitiatethesearch.
Whenyousaveasearchstrategy,itiseasytorunacomplicatedsearchagain,whichyoumaywanttodoa
syouaddreferences
tothelibrary.
Youcansavethesearchresults(thesetofmatchingreferences)asagroup.Youcanusethesavedsearchs trategytosetupa
smartgroup.S
martgroupsareupdatedasyouaddreferencestoyourlibrary.Or,youc ansavethespecificresultstoacustom
group,butthegroupwillnotbeupdatedasyouaddreferencestoy ourlibrary;youwouldneedtorunthesearchagaintofindreferencese
nteredsincethelastsearch.
Related Topics:
CombiningResultsfromSeparateS
earches
CombiningSearchLineswithAnd,O
r,andNot
SearchCommandTips
SearchingforReferences
SimpleSearches
TheSearchWindow
UsingComparisonOperators
Finding Duplicate References

Inordertohelplocateduplicatereferences,EndNoteoffers aFindDuplicatescommand.Thiscommandsearchesthereferences
thatarecurrentlyshowingintheLibrarywindowtoidentifyduplicates.D
uplicatesaredeterminedbasedontheduplicatecriteria
specifiedinp
references.SeeDuplicatesPreferences.
Tofindalloftheduplicatereferencesinalibrary:
1. Witht heLibrarywindowopen,clickontheAllReferencesgrouptoshowa
llreferences.
2. FromtheReferencesmenu,s electFindDuplicates.
EndNotewilldisplayaFindDuplicatesdialogwhereyoucancompared
uplicatesanddecidewhichversiontokeepand
whichtodelete.
Differencesbetweenreferencefields areshownwithbluehighlighting.I naddition,EndNotetakesyoutothefirstreference
fieldinwhicht hereisdissimilarcontentbetweenthetwoduplicatereferences.S
crollthroughthelisttoseewhichfields
containduplicatecontentandwhichcontaindissimilarcontent.
3. Foreachsetofduplicates,youhavetheoptionto:
l ClickK
eepThisRecordtosavethatparticularreferenceandthrowtheothero
neintheTrash.
l ClickS
kiptoleavebothreferencesinthelibrary,intact.TheywillappearinatemporaryDuplicateReferencesgroup,so
youcanreviewthemlater.
l ClickC
anceltostoptheDuplicateReferences operation.Allduplicatesw
illappearinatemporaryDuplicateReferences
groupifyouwishtoreviewthem.
Theolder(firstentered)referencewillalwaysappearintheleftcolumn.
Warning:Befores electingKeepThisRecord,whichwilldeletetheduplicate,checktherecordnumberstobesurethatyouare
notdeletingareferencealreadyc itedinapaper.
Bydefault,referencesareconsideredduplicatesiftheyhavethesamereferencetype(suchasJournalArticleorBook),andthe
Author,Year,a
ndTitlefieldsareidentical.Thecriteriafordetectingduplicatesc anbechangedusingtheDuplicatess ettingsin
EndNotesPreferencesdialog.
Referencesthatappearidenticalmaynotshowupasduplicatesiftheinformationinthefields EndNotechecks isslightlydifferent
orifthereferencetypesaredifferent.Whentryingtodeterminehowreferencesd
iffer,itishelpfultoknowexactlyhowEndNote
comparesthem.
Author:Compareslastnameandfirstinitials(evenifthefirstormiddlenamearewritteninfull).C
apitalizationisnotimportant.
Year: Comparedexactlyasentered.
Title: Leadingarticles"A,"" An,"or"The"areignored,butpunctuationisincluded.C
apitalizationisnotimportant.
Reference Type:Comparedexactlya
sentered.
Whentherearenomoresetsofduplicatestocompare,theFindDuplicatesd
ialogcloses.TheDuplicateReferencesgroupis
refreshed,theTrashg
roupcontainstheunwantedduplicatereferences,andallothergroupsa
reupdatedappropriately.TheDuplicateReferencesgroupisemptyunlessatleastonesetofduplicateswasskippedortheDuplicateReferenceso
perationwascancelled.
Finding Text in a Single Reference

Whenyouhaveareferencethatcontainsasignificantamountoftext,s uchaslongabstractsornotes,itcangethardtofind
things!
TojumptospecifictextwithinareferencewiththeGoTocommand:
1. Openareference.TheGoTocommandworksonthecurrentlyopenreference.Ifmorethanonereferenceisopen,itworkson
thetopmostreference.
2. FromtheReferencemenu,selectGoTo.
3. Typethetextyouwanttolocate,andthenclickNext(orpressReturn).
ThenumberofcharactersyoucanenterintheGoTodialogdependsonthesizeofthesymbols.Whenpastingtextinthe
dialog,beawareofthislimitation.TheGoTodialogalsoincludesadrop-downlistofrecentlysearchedterms.
EndNotewilljumptothetextandhighlightitwithinthereference.YoucanuseGoToagaintofindthenextoccurrence,orclick
CanceltodismisstheGoTodialog.
Related Topics:
Creatinga
NewReference
EnteringR
eferences
OpeningR
eferences
Previousa
ndNextReferenceCommands
Searchingf orReferences
SimpleSearches
Sorting the Library

Sort Library Dialog
TheSortLibraryc ommandprovidesawaytoarrangeallreferencesshowingintheLibrarywindow forbrowsing,exporting,printing,orcopying.
Bydefault,thereferenceslistedintheLibrarywindow areautomaticallysortedb
ortLibraryfromtheToolsmenu(seeSortingtheLibrary)orbyclickingthecolumn
headings.Whenyousortalibrary,thatsortorderisretainedevenafteryoucloseandreopenalibrary.
Tochangethesortorder:
1. Clickinthereferencelist.
2. FromtheToolsmenu,selectSortLibrary.
3. Selectoneormorefieldnamesfromthelistsinthedialog.Enterthefieldnamesintheorderyouwantthereferences
sorted.Youdonothavetouseallfiveoptions.
4. Clickthebuttontotherightofeachfieldtoindicateascendingordescendingorder.
5. Withthefieldnamesenteredasdesired,clickO
K.
TheSortOptionsdialogisinitiallysettosortthelibrarybyauthorn
ames,inalphabeticalorder,andthenreferencespublishedby
thesamea
uthoraresortedbyyear(fromoldesttonewest).
Note:EndNotereadst hedefaultlanguage(orlocale)settingfromyouroperatingsystemandu
sesitasthedefaultlanguagefor
charactersorting.However,youcanoverridethedefaultlanguagesettingonthisdialog.TheKoreansorto
ptionwasaddedto
EndNoteX2,andwillbeignoredbyearlierversionso
fEndNote.
Related Topics:
SortingPreferences
SpecialC
asesinSorting
TheR
eferenceListPanel
Special Cases in Sorting

Exceptfortitlefields,quotationmarks,parenthesesandotherpunctuationm
arksareconsideredduringasort.Inanalphabetic
sort,punctuationc omesfirst,thennumbers,thenlettersA-Z.
Ifthefieldyouselectedtosortbyisemptyinaparticularreference,o
rnotincludedintheselectedreferencetype,thatreference
willsortbeforetheotherreferencesinascendingorder.
Author Names
WhenyouselecttheAuthorfieldforsorting,authornamesfromthefirstAuthorfieldaresortedbylastnamefirst,thenfirstinitial.
Next,authornamesfromtheSecondaryAuthorfieldarecomparedforsorting.T
hen,authornamesfromtheTertiaryAuthorfield
arecomparedforsorting.
Ifareferencehasmorethanoneauthorinasinglefield,EndNoteincludestheadditionalauthorsinthesort(upto255characters)
beforemovingo
ntootherfields.
IfyouselectthespecificFirstAuthorfieldtosort,onlythesurnameisusedforsorting.
IfyourEndNotelibraryincludesauthornames withconnectivessucha
sde,di,van,andvon,youmaywantEndNotetoskip
thesepartsofthenameinordertosortthereferencesbytheprincipalelementofthesurname.SeeSortingPreferences .
Titles
Whensortingbytitlefields,EndNoteignoresthewordsA,An,a
ndTheaswellaspunctuationatthestartofthetitles.Youm
ay
enteradditionalwordsthatshouldbeignoredforsortingpurposesw
hentheyappearatthebeginningofatitle.Todoso,seeSortingP
references .
Sorting Diacritical Characters

CharacterswithdiacriticsaresorteddifferentlyinEnglish,Spanish,S
wedish,andotherlanguages.EndNotereadsthedefaultlanguage(orlocale)s ettingfromyouroperatingsystemandusesitasthedefaultlanguageforsorting.EndNotetypicallysortsdiacriticalcharactersaccordingt otherulesofthelanguageselectedforyouroperatingsystem;however,y oucanoverridethe
defaultlanguagesettingontheSortO
ptionsdialog.
Related Topics:
SortingtheL
ibrary
TheR
eferenceListPanel
Using Groups
About Groups and Group Sets
About Groups and Group Sets
Groupsmakeiteasytobreakalargelibraryintosubsetsforlaterv iewing.Agroupsimplypointstoasubsetofreferencesthat
alreadye
xistinthelibrary.
Youcanfurtherorganizeyourreferencesbystoringmultiplegroupsingroupsets.
The Types of Groups in EndNote

ThereareseveraltypesofgroupsthatmakeiteasytoorganizeyourreferencesinEndNote.Thefirstsectionofgroupsareautomaticallygenerated,a
ndincludebothpermanentgroupsandtemporarygroups.
Permanent GroupsincludeAllReferences,Unfiled,andTrash.Thesearegroupsthatyouc annotremoveorrename.AllReferencesdisplayseveryreferenceinthelibrary.Unfileddisplaysthosereferencesthatarenotpartofacustomg
roup(and,
optionally,smartgroups).Trashisaholdingplaceforreferencesy ouhaveremovedfromthelibrarybuthavenotyetpermanentlydiscardedb
yemptyingtheTrash.
Temporary GroupsincludeCopiedReferences,DuplicateReferences,ImportedReferences,S
earchResults,andseveral
FullTextgroups.Thesetemporarygroups maybereplacedasyouusecommandsinEndNote,andarealwaysdeletedwhen
youclosealibrary.(Onlythegroupsaredeleted;thereferencesremaininthelibrary.)
Custom Groupsa
remanuallycreatedbytheusertohelporganizethelibrary;youcandrag-and-droptocopyindividualreferencesintoacustomgroup.CustomGroupsarelistedalphabetically(click theMyLibraryheadertotoggleb
etweenascendinganddescendingorder).
Smart Groupsu
sesearchcriteriatodynamicallyupdategroupsasexistingreferencesareeditedornewreferencesare
addedtothelibrary.
Combination:U
secombinationgroupstobetterorganizeyourEndNotereferences.Combineg
roupsanduseAND,OR,and
NOTtocreatenew,usefulsmartgroupsets.S
avereferencesingroupsandthensavesetsofgroupsingroupsets.Y
oucan
collectbothcustomgroups andsmartgroupswithinthesamecombinationg
roupset.
Online Searchg
roupsallowyoutoeasilyinitiateasearchofafavoriteonlinedatabasea
ndquicklyviewthelatestdownload.
Find Full Textgroupsaretemporary,andappearonlywhenyouusetheFindFullTextcommand.
Whenyouclickonagroupname,thenameishighlightedandthereferencelistisupdatedtoreflectthereferencesfoundinthat
group.
The Types of Group Sets in EndNote

GroupsetsareindicatedbygroupsetheadingsintheGroups panel.E
achsetmaylistanumberofgroups.Somegroupsetsare
permanentandc annotberemoved:
l Online Search
earchanO
nlineDatabase.
Forinformationaboutonlinesearching, seeH owtoS
l Find Full Text
ForinformationaboutFindFullText,s eeFindingFullTextforaReference.
Youcanalsocreateanynumberofgroupsets.Groupsetsc ancontainanycombinationofcustomgroups,smartgroups,andcombinationgroups.SeeUsingGroupSets
Expandorcollapsethelistunderagroupsetheadingbyclickingthet riangleplus(+)orminus(-)icon.Whenasetiscollapsed,
thenumbern
exttothegroupsetheadingreflectsthetotalnumberofreferencesfoundinallgroups intheset.
PleasealsoseeDisplayingorH
idingGroupsandImportantPointsaboutGroups.
Related Topics:
CustomGroups
ManagingGroups
SmartGroups
TemporaryGroups
Displaying or Hiding Groups

Display Modes
IntheLibrarywindow,youcanworkinIntegratedL
ibrary&OnlineSearchModeorswitchbetweenL
ocalL
ibraryModeandOnline
SearchM
ode.Toselectadisplaymode,clickontheappropriatetoolbarb
utton.
ThedefaultdisplayisIntegratedLibrary&OnlineSearchMode,w
hereallgroups andcommandsareavailable.Whenyoudownloadreferencesfromanonlinedatabase,theyaresaveddirectlyintoyouropenlibrary.Y
oumaywanttoalwaysworkinIntegrated
Library&OnlineSearchM
ode.
TheotheroptionistoswitchbetweenLocalLibraryModeandOnlineS
earchMode.InLocalLibraryMode,alllibrarycommands
areavailable,butOnlineSearchgroupsarenotavailable;onceyouselecttheOnlineS
earchcommandfromtheToolsmenu,you
areautomaticallyswitchedtoO
nlineSearchMode.
InOnlineSearchMode,onlytheOnlineSearchgroupsareavailable,a
ndreferencesaredownloadedintoatemporarylibrary.This
allowsyoutodownloadreferencesfromonlinedatabaseswithoutaffectingyourlocallibrary;onceyoudeterminewhichreferencesyouwanttokeep, youcanc opythemtoapermanentEndNotelibrary.Manylibrarycommandsarenota
vailableinOnline
SearchMode.SeeHowt oSearchanOnlineDatabaseforstep-by-stepinformationaboutsearchingonlinedatabases.
Formoreinformationaboutthedisplaymodes,seeTheLibraryWindowDisplayModes.
The Groups Panel

TheleftpaneloftheLibrarywindow liststhegroupsinthecurrentlibrary,alongwitharecordcountforeachgroup.Anewlibrary
mayhavev eryfewgroups.TheAllReferences,Unfiled,andTrashgroupsarepermanent,a
ndcannotberemoved.
Clickaminussign(-)nexttoagroupsetheadingtohidethelistofgroupsunderthatheading.C
lickaplussign(+)nexttoagroup
setheadingtodisplaythelisto
fgroups inthatgroupset.
Youcandragtheseparatorbarbetweenthegroupnamelistandthereferencelisttoadjustthesizeofthepanels.
Youmaynotalwayswanttodisplaygroups,asthatpaneltakesupscreens pace.FromtheGroups menu,selectHideGroups or
ShowGroups.
Important Points about Groups

Keepthesepointsinmindasyouworkwithgroups:
l Youcancreateupto5,000customgroupsandsmartgroups(combined)inasinglelibrary.
l Youcancreateamaximumof5,000groupsetsina
singlelibrary.
l Youcanaddareferencetoaparticulargrouponlyonce(basedontheuniquerecordnumber).Asinglereferencew
illnever
appearmorethanonceinaparticulargroup.However,youc anaddthatreferencetoanynumberofgroups.
l Whenyouareviewingagroupofreferenceswiths elected(highlighted)references,andthenswitchtoviewingAllR
eferences,thesamesetofreferencesareselectedintheAllReferencesv iewuntilyoudeselectthem.
l Youcandragreferencesfromonelibrarydirectlyintoagroupinanotheropenlibrary.Thereferencesarecopiedtothesecondlibraryandintothetargetgroup.
l Removingareferencefromacustomgroupdoesnotdeleteitfromthelibrary.Itremovesthereferencefromtheg
roupsubset,butthereferencestillexistsinthelibrary.
l Deletingareferencefromalibraryalsodeletesitfromallgroupsinthatlibrary.Thereferencenolongerexists.H
ighlightthe
reference,gototheAllReferencesview,andthenselectM
oveReferencestoTrashfromtheReferencesmenu.
l Whenyoudeleteareferencefromasmartg
roup,EndNotealsodeletestherecordfromtheAllReferencesgroup,w
ithno
warning.
l OnceyoumoveareferencetotheTrashgroup,itisnolongerofficiallyinyourlibrary(itwillnotappearina
nyothergroupor
referencelist,itisnotincludedinyourreferencec ount,anditcannotbesearchedorcited).However,untilyouselect
EmptyTrashfromtheReferencesmenu,youcanstilldragthereferencefromtheTrashgroupb
acktoyouractivelibrary.
Related Topics:
AboutG
roupsandGroupsSets
CustomGroups
ManagingGroups
SmartGroups
TemporaryGroups
Group Sets
Using Group Sets
Beforelong,youcouldhavealargenumberofgroupsinyourlibrary.Tohelporganizeyourgroups,youcancreateupto5,000
groupsets.Groupsetscancontainanycombinationofcustomgroupsandsmartg
roups.
Usetheplus(+)orminus(-)signsnexttoagroupsetheadertoexpando
rcollapsethelistofgroupsfoundinthatgroupset.When
thelistiscollapsed,thenumbernexttothegroupsetheaderreflectsthetotaln
umberofreferencesfoundineachgroup.This
numbercouldincludeduplicates(referencesthatareincludedinmorethanonegroup).
Somegroupsetsareautomaticandcannotberemovedorrenamed.TheseincludethesetsOnlineSearch,EndNoteWeb,and
FindFullText.
Togetstartedwithgroupsets,see:
l AboutGroupsandGroupSets
l CreatingaGroupSet
l ChangingthePositionofaGroupSet
l RenamingaGroupSet
l DeletingaGroupSet
The Lost & Found Group Set

TheLost&Foundgroupsethasspecialproperties.Chancesarethaty ouwillneverseethisgroupset.Itappearsonlyinveryspecificsituations.T
hisisoneexample:
1. YouopenyourlibrarywithEndNoteX
6.
2. Youcreatea
groupsetandagroupofreferenceswithinthegroupset.
3. Youthenmovethelibrarytoanothermachine.
4. Youopenthelibrarywithanolderv ersionofEndNote.TheearlierversionofEndNotedidnotincludetheg
roupsetfeature
andsoitignoresyourgroupsetinformation.
5. Yousavechangestothelibrary.
6. Youmovethelibrarybacktotheoriginalm
achineandopenitagainwithEndNoteX
6.
EndNoteremembersthatyouh
aveasavedgroup,butitdoesnotknowunderwhichgroupsetitshouldbelocatedsoit
placesthegroupinaLost&Foundset.
TheLost&Foundgroupsetisatemporaryholdingplace.Y
oucannota
ddtoanygroups tothisset,renamethem,orsearchthem.
Theonlythingthatyoucandoisdragagroupfromthissettoanothergroupset.Oncey oudothat,allfunctionalityreturnstothe
group.Onceyouhavemoveda
llgroupsfromtheLost&Foundset,theLost&Foundsetisremoved.
Creating a Group Set

Anewlibrarybegins withasinglegroupsettitledMyGroups.H
owever,youcancreateupto5,000groupsetsinyourEndNote
library.
Tocreateagroupset:
1. FromtheGroups menu,selectCreateGroupSet.
2. Enteranameforthenewgroupset.
Whenyoufirstcreateagroupset,therearenogroupslistedbelowtheheading.Youcandraggroups tomovethemfromother
groupsetstothenewgroupset,oryoucancreatenewcustomgroups,smartgroups,and/orcombinationgroupsunderthenew
heading.
Changing the Position of a Group Set

Tochangethepositionofagroupset:
Clickonthegroupsetheading,holddownthemousebutton,anddraga
nddropthegroupheadingtoitsnewpositionintheGroups
panel.Then
ewpositionwillberememberedeachtimeyoustartEndNote.
Youcanchangethepositionofanygroupset,includingOnlineSearch,E
ndNoteWeb,andFindFullText.
Renaming a Group Set

Torenameagroupset:
1. Clickonagroupsetheadingtoselectit.
2. FromtheGroups menu,selectRenameGroupSet.Or,right-clickonthegroupnameandselectRenameGroupSet.
3. Enteranewnameforthegroupset.
Renamingdoesnotaffectthegroupsfoundintheset.Yourgroups willremainintact.
Youcannotrenamethepermanentgroupsets:OnlineSearch,EndNoteWeb,a
ndFindFullText.
Deleting a Group Set

Areyousureyouwanttodeletethatgroupset?Whenyoudeleteagroups et,allofthegroupswithinthatsetarealsodeleted!The
referencesa
renotdeleted;theystillresideinyourlibrary.
Todeleteagroupset:
1. Right-clickonagroupsetheadingtodisplayam
enu.
2. Fromthemenu,selectDeleteGroupSet.
Youcannotdeleteanyofthepermanentgroupsets:OnlineSearch,EndNoteW
eb,andFindFullText.
Youalsocannotdeletethelastgroupsetleftinalibrary.E
achlibrarymusthaveatleastonegroupsetasaplacetostoren
ewcustomgroups,smartgroups,and/orcombinationgroups.
Automatic Groups
Permanent Groups
Permanentgroups aremaintainedbyEndNote,andcannotberenamedord
eleted.Thepermanentgroupsare:
l All References:T
hisdisplaysallofthereferencesinthecurrentlibrary.Ifyouh
ighlightasubsetofreferencesinthisgroup
andthendisplayonlythoseselectedreferences,thenameofthegroupchangestoShowingR eferences.Thestatusline
alongthebottomofthewindowwillalwaystellyouhowmayreferencesyouareviewingplusthetotalnumbero
freferences
inthelibrary.
l Unfiled:T
hisgroupcontainsthosereferences thatarenotpartofacustomg
roup(andoptionallynotpartofasmartgroup).
R
ight+
clickonUnfiledtod
isplayacontextsensitivemenuandt ogglethes ettingExcludeSmartGroupsinUnfiled/
IncludeSmartGroups inU
nfiled.
l Trash:T
hisgroupcontainsthereferencesyouhaveremovedfromthelibraryb
yhighlightingreferencesandselectingMove
ReferencestoTrashf romtheReferencesmenu.Whilethereferencesareofficiallynolongerinyourlibrary(theywillnot
appearinanyothergrouporreferencelist,theyarenotincludedinyourreferencecount,andtheycannotb
esearchedor
cited),theyarenotcompletelydeleteduntilyougototheReferencesmenuandselectEmptyTrash.Untilyouselect
EmptyT
rash,youcanstilldragreferencesfromtheTrashgroupbacktoy ouractivelibrary.
Temporary Groups
Thereareseveralgroupsthatarecreatedautomaticallyandaretemporary;t heyexistonlywhilealibraryisopen.Allofthese
groupsmaybeavailablea
tthesametime.ClosingEndNoteorjustthelibrarywilldeleteatemporaryg
roup,butthereferences
themselvesarenotdeletedfromthelibrary.
Thetemporarygroups are:
l Copied References:T
histemporarygroupdisplaysthelastgroupofreferencesthatwereretrievedinOnlineSearchMode
andthencopiedintoyourpermanentlibrarywiththeReferences>CopyReferencestocommandortheC opytoLocal
Libraryicononthetoolbar.SeeHowtoSearchanOnlineDatabase.
l Duplicate References:T
hisgroupshowstheresultsofduplicatedetectioninyourlibrary.Y
oucanrunduplicatedetection
uplicateReferences.
withtheReferences>DetectDuplicatesc ommand.SeeFindingD
l Imported References:T
hisgroupshowsthelastgroupofreferencesimportedintothelibrarywiththeFile>Importcommand.Eachtimeyouimporta
dditionalreferencesintothelibrary,thisgroupisreplacedwitht henewsetofreferences.See
GeneralImportingInstructions.
l Search Results:T
hisgroupshowstheresultsofthelastsearchperformedonthecurrentE
ndNotelibrary.Eachtimeyou
executeanothersearchonthelibrary,thisgroupisupdatedwiththenewsearchresults.SeeSimpleS
earches.
l Find Full Text groups:WhenyouusetheReferences>FindFullText>FindFullTextcommandtofindthefulltextofa
reference,aFindFullTextgroupsetappears,w
ithseveraltemporarygroupsinit.TheyincludeSearching,FoundPDF,
ullText.
FoundURL,a
ndNotFound.SeeFindingF
Becausetemporarygroupsaredeletedwhenyouclosethelibrary,youm
ayoccasionallywanttosaveoneofthemtoacustom
groupsoitisavailabled
uringalatersession.
Tosaveatemporarygroupasacustomgroup:
1. Clickonthegroupnametodisplaythelistofreferencesinthegroup.
2. Toselectallreferencesinthelist,firstclickinthelist,andthengototheEditmenuandchooseSelectAll.
3. FromtheGroups menu,selectAddReferencesTo>C
reateGroup.
4. Nameandsavethenewgroup.
Note:Youaresavinga
specificsetofreferences.Ifyouaddmorereferencestoyourlibrary,t hesearchresultsyousavedtoa
customgrouparenotupdated.Youwouldn
eedtore-runthesearchtofindthenewreferences.
Custom Groups
Custom Groups
Customgroupsareperfectforwhenyouwanttobuildagroupofreferencest hatarenoteasilyfoundbyindextermorothercommontext.Youcanb
rowsethroughyourreferencelistanddragindividualreferencestoac ustomgroup.
Creategroupsetsinordertoorganizeyourcustomgroupsandsmartg
roups.SeeGroupSets.
Customgroupsandsmartgroupsarelistedalphabeticallywithineachg
roupset.ClicktheMyLibraryheaderatthetopofthe
Groupspaneltot ogglebetweenascendinganddescendingorder.
Togetstartedwithcustomgroups,see:
l CreatingaCustomGroup
l AddingReferencestoaCustomGroup
l RemovingReferencesfromaCustomGroup
Creating a Custom Group

Youhavetwooptionsforcreatingacustomgroup.Youcanselectreferencesa
ndthenaddthemtoanewgroup,oryoucancreate
anemptygroupandthenaddreferencestoit.
Tocreateacustomgroup:
1. Highlightthenameofthegroupsettocontainthenewgroup.
2. Useoneoftheseoptions:
l FromtheGroups menu,selectCreateGroup.
l Right-clickonthegroupsetnametodisplayacontext-sensitivemenuands electCreateGroup.
l Selectreferencesinareferencelist,theng
ototheGroups menuandselectAddReferencesTo>CreateG
roup.
3. Enteragroupnamethatisanywherefrom1to255c haractersinlength.Therearenorestrictionsonthecharactersy oucan
useinagroupname.Itispossibletogivetwodifferentg
roupsthesamename.
4. Yournextstepistoaddreferencestothenewg
roup.SeeAddingReferencestoaCustomGroup.
Youarelimitedto5,000customandsmartgroupsperlibrary.Onceyoureachthatlimit,youmustdeleteagroupbeforeyoucan
addanewone.
Ifyoudonothaveagroupsetselectedwhenyoucreateanewgroup,thenewgroupwillbeaddedtothenearestgroupset.
Adding References to a Custom Group

Youcanaddreferencestoaneworexistingcustomgroupatanytime.Youdonothavetoworryaboutcopyingthesamereferencetoagroupmorethanonce;EndNotewillnotallowduplicates(basedonuniqueEndNoterecordnumbers).
Toaddreferencestoagroup:
1. First,selectthereferencesyouwanttoaddtothegroup.Youcandothisinmanyways,forexample:
l Clickonanindividualreferencetoselectit.
l Displayalistofreferences(suchassearchresults),clickinthelistofreferences,andthengototheE
ditmenuand
chooseSelectAll.
l HolddowntheShiftkeyandclickontworeferencestoselectarangeofcontiguousreferences.
l HolddowntheCtrlkeyandclickonindividualreferencestoselectthem.
2. Addthereferencestoagroup.Youhaves everalmethodsavailable:
l Draganddroptheselectedreferencesontoa
nexistingcustomgroupnameintheleftpaneloftheLibraryw
indow.
l FromtheGroups menu,selectAddReferencesT
oandthenselecteitherthenameofanexistingcustomgroupo
r
CreateGroup.
l Right-clicko
nthereferencelisttodisplayamenu,selectAddReferencesTo,andthenselecteitherthenameofan
existingc ustomgrouporCreateGroup.
How do you know which references are not included in any custom groups?
TheautomaticUnfiledgroupincludesreferencesthatdonotappearinanycustomgroups.
TheUnfiledgroupmayormaynotincludereferencesthatarepartofasmartg
roup.Right-clickonUnfiledtodisplayacontext
sensitivemenuandtogglethesettingExcludeSmartGroupsinUnfiled/IncludeSmartGroupsinUnfiled.
Removing References from a Custom Group

Youcanremovereferences fromanyofyourcustomgroupsoronlinesearchg
roups.Thereferenceswillstillbeinyourlibraryand
appearunderA
llReferences-theyjustwillnotappearinthatparticularcustomg
roup.
Toremovereferences fromacustomgroup:
1. IntheleftGroupspanelofthelibraryw
indow,clickonthenameofthegroup.
2. Inthereferencelist,selectthereference(s)youwanttoremove.Y
oucanselectmultiplereferences:
l HolddowntheShiftkeya
ndclickontworeferencestoselectarangeofcontiguousreferences.
l HolddowntheCtrlk eyandclickonindividualreferencestoselectthem.
3. SelecttheRemoveReferencesfromG
roupcommandinoneoftheseways:
l PresstheDeletekeyony ourkeyboard.
l FromtheGroups menu,s electRemoveReferencesfromGroup.
Rememberthattheselectedreferencesareonlyremovedfromthisgroup.T
heystillexistinAllReferencesandpossiblyinother
groups.
Ifyoureallywanttodeletethereferencesfromyourlibrary,seeDeletingReferencesfromaGroup.
Warning:Wheny oudeletearecordfromasmartgroup,EndNotealsodeletestherecordfromAllReferenceswithoutwarning.
Torestorethereference,g
otoTrash,andthenright-clicktobringupamenu.SelectRestoretoL
ibraryandEndNotereturnsthe
referencetothesmartgroup.
Smart Groups
Smart Groups
Smartgroupsarebuiltwithsearchstrategies.Smartgroupsaredynamically u
pdatedasyouaddreferencestoandeditreferences
inthelibrary.
Youcancreategroupsetsinordertofurtherorganizeyoursmartgroupsa
ndcustomgroups.SeeUsingCustomG
roupSets.
Tostartworkingwithsmartgroups,see:
l CreatingaSmartGroup
l CreatingaSmartGroupfromanExistingSearchStrategy
l EditingaSmartGroup
Creating a Smart Group

Smartgroupsarebuiltwithsearchstrategies andaredynamically updateda
syouaddreferencestoandeditreferencesinthe
library.
Note:Youcannotc reateasmartgroupwhenanOnlineSearchgroupisdisplayed,whethery ouareshowingIntegratedModeor
OnlineSearchMode.
Tocreateasmartgroup:
1. Displaythesetofreferencesthatyouwouldliket osearch.ThiswouldtypicallybeAllReferences.
2. FromtheGroups menu,selectCreateSmartGroup.A
searchdialogappears.
3. Enteranameforthegroup,thenyoursearchstrategy,andthenclickCreate.
TheSmartGroupsearchdialogworksthesameastheregularSearchpanel.Ifyouneedmoreinformationabouthowtousethe
Searchdialog,seeSearchingforReferences.
Thenewsmartgroupwillbeaddedtothenextgroupsetaftertheonebeingsearched.Ifyouaresearchingallreferences,itwillbe
inthetop-mostgroupset.Youcandrag-and-dropthenewsmartgrouptoa
nygroupset.
Related Topics:
Creatinga
SmartGroupfromanExistingSearchStrategy
EditingaSmartGroup
Creating a Smart Group from an Existing Search Strategy

Youmayhavealreadycreatedandsavedasearchstrategytofindasubseto
freferences.Ratherthanrunthesearchagaineach
timeyouenterande
ditreferences,youcanusethesavedsearchstrategytocreateasmartg
roup.
Tocreateasmartgroupfromasearchstrategy:
1. ClickonAllReferencestodisplaya
llreferencesinthelibrary.
2. IntheTabspanel,clicktheSearcht ab.
3. ClickOptions,andthenselectLoadSearch.
4. Locate,select,andopenthesearchs trategytoloaditintotheSearchpanel.
5. ClickOptions,andthenselectConverttoSmartGroup.
AConvertedSearchgroupiscreatedandstoredasthefirstgroupinthenextgroupset.Ifyousearchedallreferences,theConvertedS
earchgroupwillappearasthefirstgroupunderthefirstcustomgroups et.Ifyousearchedagroupsubset,theConverted
Searchgroupwillappeara
sthefirstitemunderthenextgroupset.Youcandrag-and-dropthes martgrouptoanygroupset.
Thesmartgroupwillbeupdatedwithmatchingreferenceseachtimeyous aveareference.
Youcanrenamethenewgroup.SeeRenaminga
Group.
Related Topics:
CreatingaS
martGroup
EditingaSmartGroup
Editing a Smart Group

Youmayhavecreatedasmartgrouponlytofindthatyouneedtotweakthesearchstrategyforthegroup.
Toeditasmartgroup:
1. HighlightthesmartgroupnameintheGroupspanel.
2. FromtheGroups menu,selectEditGrouptodisplaythesmartgroupsearchdialog.Thecurrentsearchstrategyisdisplayed.
3. Modifythesearchstrategyasneeded,andclickS
ave.
IfyouneedmoreinformationabouthowtousetheSearchdialog,seeS
earchingforReferences.
Thesmartgroupupdatesbasedonthenewsearchstrategy.
Combination Groups
Creating a Combination Group
Combinecustomandsmartgroups underasinglegrouptobetterorganizey ourEndNotereferences.UseAND,OR,andNOT
logictocreatenew,usefulc ombinedgroupsets.Savereferencesincustomandsmartgroups,andthens avethesesetsof
groupsasacombinedgroupset.
Tocreateacombinationgroup:
1. FromtheGroups panel,selectCreatefromGroupstodisplaytheCreatefromGroupsdialog.
2. Enteranameforthecombinationgroup.
3. InthefieldsundertheIncludeReferencesheading,s electupto10customand/orsmartgroupstouseasyoursearchc riteria.
4. UseAND,OR,NOTtoincludeorexcludecustomand/ors martgroups inyourcombinedgroupset.
5. YoucanalsousetheAdd(+)andRemove(-)buttonstomanagewhichgroupsyouwanttoincludeinand/orremovefrom
yourc ombinedgroupset
Youarelimitedto5,000customandsmartgroupsperlibrary.Onceyoureachthatlimit,youmustdeleteagroupbeforeyoucan
addanewone.
Note:Youcannotincludegroupsetsinacombinationgroupset.
Editing a Combination Group

Toeditacombinationgroupset:
1. Selectthegroupthatyouwanttoedit.
2. FromtheGroups panel,selectEditGrouptodisplaytheCreatefromGroupsdialog.
3. Enteranewnameforthegroup(optional).
4. UseAND,OR,NOTtoincludeorexcludecustomand/ors martgroups inyourcombinedgroupset(optional).
YoucanalsousetheAdd(+)andRemove(-)buttonstomanagewhichg
roupsyouwanttoincludeinand/orremovefromyour
combinedgroupset.
Deleting a Combination Group

Todeleteacombinationgroupset:
1. Selectthegroupthatyouwanttodelete.
2. FromtheGroups menu,selectDeleteGrouptodisplaya
dialog.
3. ClickDeletetoremovethecombinedgroupsetfromt heGrouppanel.
Managing Groups
Managing Groups
Seethesetopicsaboutmanaginggroups:
l
l
l
l
l
CreatingaCombinationGroup
SearchingaGroup
RenamingaGroup
DeletingReferencesfromaGroup
DeletingaGroup
Searching a Group
Youcanlimityoursearchingtoaspecificgroupofreferences.
Tosearchagroup:
1. ClickonthegroupnametodisplaythereferencesintheLibrarywindow.
2. FromtheToolsmenu,selectSearchLibrarytodisplaytheSearchpanel.
3. MakesurethesearchsetlistissettoSearchW
holeGroup.
4. EnteryoursearchstrategyandclickSearch.
Formoreinformationaboutsearching,seeSearchingforReferences.
Renaming a Group
Thereareseveralwaystorenameacustomgrouporasmartgroup,soy oucanchoosetheonethatisthemostconvenientfor
you.
Torenameagroup:
1. IntheleftpaneloftheLibrarywindow,c lickonthenameofthegroup.
2. SelecttheRenameGroupcommandinoneo
ftheseways:
l Clickonthegroupnameasecondtimetodirectlye
ditthename.
l FromtheGroups menu,selectRenameGroup.
l Right-clickwithyourmouseonthegroupnametodisplayamenu,andselectRenameG
roup.
Youcannotrenametheautomaticallycreatedgroups:AllReferences,D
uplicateReferences,ImportedReferences,Search
Results,Unfiled,Trasha
ndtheFindFullTextgroups.
Deleting References from a Group

Whenyoudeleteareferencefromagroup,itismovedtotheTrashandisdeletedfromallgroupsinyourlibrary.
Ifwhatyoureallywanttodoisjustremovethereferencefromacustomgroup,withoutdeletingthereferencefromyourlibrary,
seeRemovingReferencesfroma
CustomGroup.
Todeleteareferencefromyourlibrary:
1. Highlightthereference(ormultiplereferences)intheReferenceListpaneloftheLibrarywindow.
2. MoveReferencestoTrash.
A
tthispoint,thereferencesaremovedtotheTrashgroup.TheTrashg
roupisatemporaryholdingplace.Thereferences
arenolongeriny ourlibrary,andcannotbecitedorsearched,buttheyhavenotbeenirrevocablythrownawayyet,either.If
youchangeyourmind,youc anstilldragareferencefromtheTrashbacktotheAllReferencesgrouptobringitbackinto
thelibrary.
3. Whenyouareabsolutelycertainthatyounolongerw
antthereference(s)youhavemovedtoTrash,selecttheTrashgroup
andthengototheReferencesmenua
ndselectEmptyTrash.
4. DisplayAllReferencestocontinueworkinginyourlibrary.
Warning: Wheny oudeletearecordfromasmartgroup,EndNotealsodeletestherecordfromAllReferenceswithoutwarning.
Torestorethereference,gotoTrash,andthenright-clicktobringupamenu.SelectRestoretoLibrarya
ndEndNotereturnsthe
referencetothesmartgroup.
Deleting a Group
Whenyoudeleteagroup,referencesareremovedfromthegroupbutarenotdeleted;thereferencesthemselvesarestillpartof
thelibrary.
Temporarygroupsarealwaysremovedwhenyouclosethelibrary.
WhenyoudeleteanOnlineSearchgroup,itdoesnotm
eanthatyoucannolongersearchthatonlinedatabase.Youhavenot
deletedtheconnectionfilefromdisk,youhavesimplyremoveditasafavorite.YoucangotoTools>OnlineSearchandselect
thatconnectionfileagain.
Todeleteagroup:
1. IntheleftpaneloftheLibrarywindow,c lickonthenameofthegroupyouwanttodelete.
2. SelecttheDeleteGroupcommandinoneo
ftheseways:
l FromtheGroups menu,selectDeleteGroup.
l Right-clickwithyourmouseonthegroupnametodisplayacontext-sensitivemenu,a
ndselectDelete.
Thegroupisdeletedfromthelibrary,butthereferencesthatwereinthegrouparestillpartofthelibrary.
Term Lists
Introduction to Term Lists
EndNotestermlistsareusedtostoretermssuchaskeywords,authornames,orjournalnames.Youcanusethesestoredterms
whenenteringreferencestoimproveconsistencyandaccuracyofinformationinyourlibrary.YoucanalsousetheJournalsterm
listtostoreabbreviatedjournalnamesthatEndNotecansubstituteforthefulljournalnameina
bibliography.
Togetageneralsenseofhowthetermlistswork,heresabriefoverviewofhowtermlistscanbebuiltandusedforsomeonewith
anewEndNotelibrary.Withthedefaulttermlistsettingsinthepreferences,alloftheupdatingofterms,andauto-completion,
happensautomatically.Ify oudonotlikethisbehavior,youmayturnoffthesesettings(seeTermListPreferences ).
Term Lists are Automatically Maintained

WhenyoucreateanewEndNotelibrary,therearethreeemptytermlistsa
lreadysetupandreadyforyoutouse:Authors,Journals,andKeywords.Asyouenternewreferencesintoyourlibrary(whetherbytyping,importing,o
rpastingthem)EndNote
updatesthetermlistsautomaticallysothattheAuthors,Journals,andKeywordslistsincludealloftheauthornames,journal
names,andkeywordsenteredintoyourreferences.
Term Lists Help With Data Entry

WhenyouusetheNewReferencecommandintheReferencesmenutocreaten
ewreferences,youwillnoticetwootherfeatures
associatedwiththetermlists.Asyoubeginenteringanauthorname,EndNoteattemptstoc ompletethenameforyoubysuggestingtheclosestmatchingnameintheAuthorstermlist.IfyouenteranewnamethatisnotalreadyinyourA
uthorlist,the
nameappearsinredtexttoindicatethatitisanewa
dditiontothetermlist.Whenyoucloseorsavethereference,thatn
ewterm
isaddedtothelist.
Whenyouaresearchingforreferences,youcanalsoopenatermlisttopicktheexacttermornameforwhichtosearch.
Related Topics:
AutomaticU pdatingofTermLists
DefiningT
ermLists
ImportantPointsAboutTermLists
InsertingTermsintoReferences
ModifyingTerms
PredefinedT
ermLists
UsingT
ermsForSearches
Important Points About Term Lists

Thefollowinglistincludesusefulinformationabouttermlists.
l Termlistsarestoredwiththelibraryandthereforea
respecifictoonlythatlibrary.
l Alibrarymustbeopenbeforeyoucanedititstermlists.
l Ifyouenteralotofreferencesmanually,youm
ayfindithelpfultocreatenewtermlistsforthingslikepublishera
ndcity
names.Upto31termlistscanbecreatedforanylibrary.
l Thereisnolimittothenumberoftermsina
termlist.
l Onetermcanbeupto253characterslong.
l Termscanbecopiedfromonelistandpastedintoanother.
l Entiretermlistscanbeexportedandimported.
l Bydefault,termlistsareautomaticallyupdatedfromthetermsenteredinyourreferences.Newtermsappearinredtextin
theReferencewindow.Thisfunctionalitymaybeturnedoffu
singEndNotesPreferences.
l Termlistscanbe"linked"tospecificfieldssothatEndNoteassociatesthecorrecttermlistwiththefieldy ouareediting.
l Termslistscanbeusedwiththe"Auto-entry"featureonoroff.Bydefault,thisoptionisturnedonsothatEndNotew
illsuggesttheclosestmatchingtermasyoutypeinareference.
l TheJournalstermliststoresvariousformso
fjournalnamesthatcanbeusedwhencreatingbibliographies.EndNotep
rovidesseveralJournalslists(includingHumanities,Medical,andC hemistry)thatcanbeimportedforusewithyourEndNotelibraries.L
ookintheEndNoteX6>Termsfolder.
Related Topics:
DefiningT
ermLists
IntroductiontoTermLists
ModifyingTerms
PredefinedT
ermLists
UsingT
ermsForSearches
Exporting and Printing Term Lists

Termlistscanbeexportedandthenimportedintoothertermlistsasawaytomovecompletelistsfromonelibrarytoanother(see
ImportingTermsintoTermLists).
Youcanalsoopenexportedtermlistsinawordprocessortoprintthem.
Toexportatermlist:
1. FromtheToolsmenu,selectDefineTermLists.
2. Highlightthetermlistthatyouwanttoexport.
3. ClickExportList.
4. Nameandsavethetextfilethatwillbecreatedd
uringtheexport.
5. ClickOKandthetermsareexportedtothetextfileandlistedalphabetically,onetermperline.
ThisfilecannowbeimportedintoanotherEndNotetermlistoropenedinawordprocessortobeprinted.Termlistscannotbe
printeddirectlyfromEndNote.
Related Topics:
ConfiguringT
ermSeparators(Delimiters)
ConvertingO
ldEndNoteJournalsFiles
CopyingT
ermsBetweenLists
CopyingT
ermsFromOtherSources
DefiningT
ermLists
ImportantPointsAboutEnteringJournalNames
ImportingTermsIntoTermLists
LinkingT
ermListstoFields
LoadingS
uppliedJournalAbbreviations
ManuallyU
pdatingTermLists
ModifyingTerms
PredefinedT
ermLists
UsingT
ermsForSearches
Adding Terms to a Term List

Automatic Updating of Term Lists
Bydefault,EndNoteautomaticallyupdatesthetermlistsinalibrarys otheystaycurrentwiththedatathathasbeenenteredinto
thereferences.Ifyouenteratermintoareference,andthattermisnotintheassociatedtermlistalready,thetermappearsinred
texttoalertyouthatyouh
aveenteredanewterm.Thiscanhelpyoutomaintainacontrolledvocabularyforkeywordsandother
terms.
Youcanturnoffautomaticupdatingoftermlistsifyoudonotwanttousethetermlistsatall.Youcanalsoturnthisoptionoffand
manuallye
ntertermsintoyourlistsasdescribedinthefollowingsections.Fore
xample,youcanmanuallyenteralloftheterms
youplantouseintoatermlistbeforeenteringreferencesintothelibrary.Thiscanbeextremelyhelpfulwhenyouhavesomeone
elseenteringdataforyouandyouwanta
specificvocabularyusedforkeywordsorotherterms.Asreferencesareenteredintothe
EndNotelibrary,thetermlistscanspeeddataentry,a
ndifaredtermappears,thepersondoingdataentryknowsthattheyhave
enteredsomethingthatwasnotintendedtobeavalidtermforthatfield.
Turning Off the Automatic Updating of Term Lists:
1. FromtheEditm
2. SelecttheTermListspanel.
3. Clickthecheckboxesfor"Updatelistswhenimportingorpastingreferences"and"Updatelistsduringd
ataentry"to
removethecheckmark.Thefeaturewillbeturnedoff.
Delimiters
EndNotehaspredefinedtermlistsforauthors,keywords,andjournals.W
henyouentermultipletermsintothosefieldsandEndNoteupdatesthetermlist,itneedstoknowwhenonetermendsandthenexttermbegins.W ecallthepunctuationthatseparates
theterms"delimiters."
FortheAuthorfields,authornamesmustalwaysbeenteredonenamep
erline.Carriagereturns(endoflinemarks)aretheonly
validdelimiterforthisfield.Journalsnormallyhavejustonejournalnameperreferenceinthisfield,sodelimitersarenotimportant
here.Keywordsarethem
ostcomplexofthethree.Bydefault,EndNoteusescarriagereturns(endo
flinemarks),semicolons,
andbackslashes (\)asdelimitersfortheKeywordsfield.Ifyouwouldliketouseotherd
elimiters,see"Delimitersu
sedforSeparatingTerms"inManuallyUpdatingTermLists.
Related Topics:
DefiningT
ermLists
ModifyingTerms
PredefinedT
ermLists
UsingT
ermsForSearches
Copying Terms Between Lists

Youcancopytermsfromonelistandpastethemintoanotherasawayt oquicklytransfertermsbetweenlists.Thisisparticularly
usefulbecauset ermlistsarespecifictoanindividuallibrary.
Tocopytermsbetweenlists:
1. FromtheToolsmenu,selectOpenTermLists,andthenselectthelistwithtermsyouwanttocopy.
2. Selecttheterm(s)tocopy.(HolddowntheCtrlkeytoselectmultipleterms;usetheShiftkeytos electarangeofterms.)
3. Right-clickandselectCopytocopythehighlightedterm(s).
4. Openanotherlist.
5. Clickinthelist,andthenright-clickandselectPasteandpresstopasteintheterm(s).
Related Topics:
CopyingT
DefiningT
ermLists
ModifyingTerms
PredefinedT
ermLists
UsingT
ermsForSearches
Copying Terms From Other Sources

Youcancopytermsfromanytext,andpastethemintoatermlist.
Forexample,tocopyawordfromapaperyouarewritingandpastethatw
ordintoatermlist,firstselecttheterminyourword
processorandc opyit.ThenswitchtoEndNoteandopenthedesiredtermlist.Clickinthelist,andthenrightc lickandselect
Pastetopasteintheterm(s).
Related Topics:
CopyingT
ermsBetweenLists
DefiningT
ermLists
ModifyingTerms
PredefinedT
ermLists
UsingT
ermsForSearches
Importing Terms Into Term Lists

EndNoteprovidesseverallistsofjournalnamesandabbreviations,includinglistsforChemistry,Medicine(IndexMedicus),a
nd
theHumanities,allofwhicharestoredintheTermsfolderintheE
ndNotefolder.Ifyouareinterestedinusingtheseabbreviated
formso
fthejournalnamesinyourbibliographies,youcanimportthemintoy ourtermlistsandadjustyourstylestousetheabbreviations.
Ifyouwouldliketolookatthelistsbeforeimportingthem,youmayopentheminyourwordprocessorbutdonoteditorsave
them.Theymustremaintab-delimitedtextfilesinorderforEndNotetocorrectlyimporttheterms.
Termscanbeimportedfromanytextfilethatliststhetermsoneperline.Makesureacarriagereturnisalsoinsertedafterthelast
terminthelist.Ifyoucreatealistoftermsinawordprocessingdocument,b
esuretosavethelistasplaintextusingtheSaveAs
commandinyourw
ordprocessor.Then,ifyourtermsincludeextendedcharacters,selecttheUnicode(UTF-8)encodingoption.
Toimportatextfilethatcontainsterms:
1. FromtheToolsmenu,selectDefineTermListsandhighlightthetermlisttowhichyouwanttoaddterms.UseCreateL
ist
ifyouwanttocreateanewlist.
Note:E
ndNoteprovidesseveraljournallistsintheTermsfolderoftheEndNotef older.Youmaywanttoimportoneof
theseliststoaddjournalnamestoyourJournalstermlist.SeeLoadingS
uppliedJournalAbbreviationsformoreinformation.
2. ClickImportList.
3. Selectthetextfiletobeimportedandclick
Related Topics:
CopyingT
ermsBetweenLists
CopyingT
DefiningT
ermLists
ManuallyU
pdatingTermLists
ModifyingTerms
PredefinedT
ermLists
UsingT
ermsForSearches
Manually Updating Term Lists

Tocreateatermlistautomaticallyfromwordsalreadyinyourlibrary,u
setheUpdateListbuttonontheTermsListdialog.Thisis
usefulify ouhaveturnedoffthepreferencetoautomaticallyupdateyourtermlists,o
rifyouhavereceivedalibraryfromacolleaguewithoutatermlist,o
rifyouhavedeletedatermlistandwishtorecreateit.
TheUpdateListcommandcanapplytojusttheselectedreferenceso
rallreferencesshowingintheLibrarywindow.Usethe
Searchcommandtoshowonlythosereferencesfromwhichyouwanttoupdatethelist.OrselectreferencesintheLibrarywindowandupdatethetermlistfromjustthosereferences.SelectShowAllReferencesfromtheReferencesm
enubeforeusingthe
UpdateListcommandtobesurethatyouareupdatingthelistfromallofthereferencesinyourlibrary.
Important points about the Update List command:

l UpdateListdoesnotchangethetermsinyourreferences;itonlyaddsnewtermsfromyourreferencesintothetermlist.
l UpdateListdoesnotaddduplicateterms toa
list.
l UpdateListremovesleadingandtrailingspaces,b
utdoesnotchangepunctuation.
l UpdateListdoesnotautomaticallylinkfieldstoatermlist.Foreasydataentry,youcanlinkasingletermlisttoany
numberoffields.SeeLinkingT
ermLists toFields.
Toupdateatermlist:
IfyouareupdatingtheJournalslist,seeUpdatinga
JournalList.
1. Determinewhichreferencesshouldbescannedfortermsandmakesuretheyareeither"showing"orselectedinthe
Librarywindow.
2. FromtheToolsmenu,selectDefineTermLists,a
ndthenselectthetermlistthatyouwouldliketoupdate.
3. ClickUpdateList.
4. Thecurrentlylinkedfieldsarelistedinthedialoga
sthefieldsfromwhichEndNotegathersnewterms.Ifnecessary,
removeafieldfromthislistbyselectingitandclickingRemoveF
ield;oraddanewfieldbyselectingitfromtheAddField
list.A
ddingorremovingfieldnamesfromthislistdoesnotaffectthelinksbetweenfieldsandtermlists.
fReferenceTypestofindthecorrespondingfieldnamesforthe
TheGenericfieldnamesareusedinthisdialog.SeeListo
fieldsofvariousreferencetypes.
5. Toupdateatermlistfromonlythecurrentlyselectedreferencesinyourlibrary,checktheUpdateTermsFromSelected
Referenceso
ption.
6. ClickOKtobegintheupdatingprocess.Whenfinished,EndNotedisplaysthenumbero
ftermsaddedtothelist.ClickOK
andtheprocessisc omplete.
Note:P
ressEscorstopstheupdateprocess,butalltermsaddedu
ptothatpointarekeptinthetermlist.
Delimiters Used for Separating Terms

Thetextthatisusedtoseparatethetermsinaparticularfieldisdeterminedbythe"Delimiter"s ettingsontheListstabofthe
TermListsd
ialog(selectDefineT
ermListsfromtheT
oolsmenu).
Ifyourkeywordsareseparatedbyaslash,suchas:
Antarctica/ozone/stratosphere
youshouldtypeaslash(/)ast hefieldstermdelimiter.Acarriagereturnisalwaysinterpretedasa
delimiter,soitisnotnecessary
toenteradelimiterfortheAuthorfields,oranyotherfieldthathastermsenteredone-per-line.Ifdifferentd
elimitersareusedfor
thesamefieldinyourreferences,youwillneedtodomorethanoneupdateprocess,updatingfromthereferenceswithd
ifferent
delimitersseparately.
Cleaning Up After Updating

ClickontheTermstab,andscrollthroughthetermlisttomakesurethattheUpdateL
istcommandhadthedesiredresult.Ifitdid
not,youcanhighlightspecifictermsandremovethembyclickingDeleteT
erm.
AfterusingtheUpdateL
istcommand,youmightfindthatduetoerrors orvariationsinspelling,youhavemultiplee
ntriesforthe
sameterm.Scanthroughthelistanddeletetheunwantedterms.
Ifnecessary,usetheFindandReplacecommandfromtheEditmenutochangea
lloccurrencesofaterminyourlibrary.Forexample,ifboth"geochronology"a
nd"geo-chronologyareenteredaskeywords,y oucandeletetheunwantedtermgeochronologyfrom
thetermlist,thenclickontheLibrarywindow,andselectChangeT
extCtrl+R)fromtheEditmenutochange"geochronology"t o
"geo-chronologythroughoutthelibrary.
Related Topics:
CopyingT
ermsBetweenLists
CopyingT
DefiningT
ermLists
ModifyingTerms
PredefinedT
ermLists
UsingT
ermsForSearches
Using the "New Term" Command

Tomanuallyaddatermtoatermlist:
1. FromtheToolsmenu,selectOpenTermListsands electthetermlistthatyouwanttomodify.
2. OntheTermstab,clickNewTerm.
3. EnterthetermandclickOKtoaddittothelista
nddismissthe"NewTerm"dialog.
Continuethiswayuntilyouhaveaddedthelastterm,thenclickOKtodismissthedialog.
Ifyouareenteringterms intotheJournalstermlist,youwillhaveo
ptionstoenterdifferentformsofthejournalname.SeeImportantPointsAboutEnteringJournalNamesformoreinformationaboutu
singtheJournallists.
Note:TheSaveTerm(orSaveJournal)buttonisunavailable(dim)ifthenewtermalreadyexistsinthetermlist.
Related Topics:
DefiningT
ermLists
ModifyingTerms
PredefinedT
ermLists
Using Term Lists for Data Entry and Searching

Inserting Terms into References
Suggesting Terms As You Type (Auto-completion)
Ifyouareenteringtextintoafieldthatislinkedtoatermlist,E
ndNotefindsthefirstmatchingterminthelistandsuggeststhatas
thetermyouwanttoenter.
Thesuggestedtextappearshighlightedafterthecursor.Continuetypingu
ntilEndNotesuggeststhecorrectterm,andthenpress
Entero
rT
abtoacceptit.(Entercreatesanotherlineinthefieldsothatyoucanenterm
oreauthornames,forexample;Tab
movesthecursortothenextfieldinthereference.)
WhenEndNotesuggestsaterm,youcanusetheUporDownarrowsonyourk eyboardtohavethesuggestedtextchangetothe
previousornextpossiblem
atchingterminthetermlist.
Whenyouenteratermthatisnotalreadyinthetermlist,itappearsinredtoindicatethatitisanewterm.Whenyoucloseorsave
thereference,t hattermisaddedtothetermlistandwillnolongerdisplayinred.
Thesetermlistfeaturesmaybeturnedoff.Toturnoffthedisplayo
fredtext,turnoffthepreferenceto"SuggestTermsasYou
Type."S
eeTermListsPreferences.
Related Topics:
InsertingTermsWithoutUsingtheSuggestionFeature
PredefinedT
ermLists
UsingT
ermsForSearches
Inserting Terms Without Using the "Suggestion" Feature

Ifyouhaveturnedofftheoptiontosuggesttermsasyoutype,youcanstillinserttermsintoyourreferencesmanually.
ToinsertatermfromaTermListwindow:
1. Openareferenceandpositiontheinsertionpointw hereyouwanttoaddtheterm.
2. FromtheToolsmenu,selectOpenTermListsands electthedesiredlist.
Or,inanAuthor,Journal,orKeywordsfield,pressCtrl+1todisplaytheappropriatelist.
3. Double-clickatermtoinsertitdirectlyintothereference.
Termscanalsobeselectedbytypingthefirstfewlettersoftheterm,b
yusingtheArrowkeys,orbyclickingonthetermwiththe
mouse.Holdd
owntheCtrlk eytoselectmultipleterms.PressE
ntertoinserttheselectedtermorclickInsertTerm.Ifmultiple
termsa
reselectedandinserted,theyarelistedinthereferenceoneperlineinalphabeticalorder.
SelectedtermscanalsobecopiedfromthetermlistusingtheCopy(Ctrl+C)commandintheEditmenu,a
ndpastedintoareferenceusingthePaste(Ctrl+V)commandintheEditmenu.
Related Topics:
PredefinedT
ermLists
TermListsP
references
UsingT
ermsForSearches
Using Terms For Searches

Toensurethatyouaresearchingforthecorrectterms,youcanusethetermlistswithEndNotesSearchcommand.Termscanbe
enteredinthefieldsontheSearchpaneljustastheyareenteredintoreferences.Forexample:
1. FromtheToolsmenu,selectSearchLibraryandchangethefirstsearchlinetosearchtheKeywordsfield.
2. FromtheToolsmenu,selectOpenTermLists,andthenselectalist.Or,inanAuthor,Journal,orKeywordsfield,pressto
displaytheappropriatelist.
3. Double-clickatermtoinsertitintotheSearchtab.
4. ClickSearchtosearchforyourreferences.
Related Topics:
InsertingTermsWithoutUsingtheSuggestionFeature
PredefinedT
ermLists
TermListsP
references
Editing Terms and Term Lists

Deleting Terms
AtermcanbedeletedbyhighlightingitinthelistandclickingDeleteT
ermorselectingClearfromtheEditmenu.Youcanalso
usetheCut(C
trl+X)commandfromtheEditmenutocuttermsoutofthelistandPastethemelsewhere(suchasintoanother
termlist).Deletinga
termfromatermlistdoesnotremoveitfromthereferencesinthelibrary.
Related Topics:
DefiningT
ermLists
Deletinga
ndRenamingTermLists
ModifyingTerms
Modifying Terms
Anyterminatermlistmaybemodifiedordeletedwithoutaffectinga
nyofthereferencesinthelibraryoranylinksbetweenterm
listsandf ields.
Toeditaterminatermlist:
1. FromtheToolsmenu,selectOpenTermListsands electthelistthatcontainsthetermtobemodified.
2. Selectaterm,andthenclickEditTerm. Ifmultipletermsareselected,onlythefirstoneopens.
3. ChangethetermasnecessaryandclickOKwhenfinished.Themodifiedtermreplacestheoriginalterminthetermlist.(If
thetermalreadyexists,theOKbuttonisdim.)
Note:Editingat erminatermlistdoesnotchangealloccurrencesofthatterminyourlibrary.UsetheFindandReplacecommandfromtheEditmenutofindtheoldterminyourreferencesa
ndreplaceitwiththenewone.
Related Topics:
DefiningT
ermLists
Deletinga
ndRenamingTermLists
DeletingTerms
Defining Term Lists

Configuring Term Separators (Delimiters)
EndNoteusesthedelimitersintheDefineListsdialogtodeterminew
hatpunctuationseparatestheindividualtermsinthesame
fieldinareference.
Forexample,ifyouimportdatafromasourcethatusessemicolons(;)toseparatekeywords:
Adult,AgeFactors;Astigmatism;Follow-UpStudies;H
ospitals,University;Keratotomy,Radial;Myopia;Refraction,Ocular
youwouldwanttobesurethatthesemicolonwasselectedasaseparatorforyourKeywordstermlist.Youwouldalsowanttobe
surethatthecommaw
asnotchosenbecausethecommasinthisexampleareusedwithinsomeo
ftheterms.
Bydefault,EndNoteusesthesemicolon(;)andbackslash(\),andendoflinemarkersasseparators.Wordsorphrasesentered
ondifferentlinesinafield(bypressingReturn
Enter)arealwaysinterpretedasseparateterms,buttheotherseparatorsc anbechangeddependingonyourneeds.
Tocustomizethedelimitersforatermlist:
1. Openalibrary.
3. Verifythatyourlibrarynameisselectedatthetopofthedialog,thenclickonthenameofthetermlistthatyouintendto
modify.
4. Clickthecheckboxtotheleftofthedesireds eparatortoselectit(ortounselectitifitisalreadychecked).
Thelastcheckboxprovidesaplacetoenteracustomtermdelimiter,ifnecessary.
Related Topics:
Creatinga
NewTermList
DefiningT
ermLists
DeletingTerms
Deletinga
ndRenamingTermLists
ExportingandPrintingTermLists
Defining Term Lists

UsetheDefineTermListscommandintheToolsmenutocreate,renameordeleteatermlist.Thiscommandisalsousedtospecifythepunctuationthatseparatesindividualtermsinareference(delimiters).
Deleting and Renaming Term Lists

Termlistscanberenamedwithoutdisturbingtheirlinkstoreferencef ieldsorthetermswithinthem.Deletingorrenamingterm
listsdoesn
otchangethedataenteredintoyourreferences.
Todeleteorrenameatermlist:
1. FromtheToolsmenu,selectDefineTermLists(atleastonelibrarymustbeopentoaccess thiscommand).
2. Thedrop-downmenuatthetopoftheListstabletsyouchoosefromalistofopenlibraries.Selectthelibraryforwhichyou
wouldliketomodify thetermlists.
l To Rename a Term List:Highlightatermlist,andthenclickRenameList.IntheR
enameListdialog,enter
thenewnameforthelist,andclickOK.
l To Delete a Term List:Selectatermlist,andthenclickDeleteList.
3. ClickOKtosaveyourchanges.
Related Topics:
ConfiguringT
Creatinga
NewTermList
DefiningT
ermLists
DeletingTerms
Creating Term Lists

Creating a New Term List
Tocreateanewtermlist:
2. ClickCreateList,andthenenterthenameforthenewlist.Youcannotcreateatermlistwiththesamenameasa
nexisting
termlist.
3. ClickOK.
4. Checkthe"JournalList"boxonlyify ouwanttocreateatermlistforstoringjournalnamesandabbreviations.T
hesedif ibliographies
ferentformsofthejournalnamecanbeusedinterchangeablyw hencreatingbibliographies.SeeCreatingB
withJournalAbbreviations.
ThepredefinedJournalstermlistisalreadysetupasamulti-columnlist.Ifyoudeletethislist,youcancreateanotherone
asdescribedh
ere.Donotcreatea4-columnjournallistfornon-Journalfields.
Atthispoint,youcouldimportanexistinglistofterms,updatethelistfromexistingEndNotefielddata,orclickontheTermstab
tomanuallye
ntertermsintothelist.
Note:Newtermlistsmustbelinkedtofieldsf orthe"Suggesttermsasyoutype"andautomaticupdatingfeaturestowork.
Related Topics:
ConfiguringT
ConvertingO
CopyingT
ermsBetweenLists
CopyingT
DefiningT
ermLists
LinkingT
ermListstoFields
LoadingS
ManuallyU
pdatingTermLists
ModifyingTerms
PredefinedT
ermLists
UsingT
ermsForSearches
Linking Term Lists to Fields

TermlistsareassociatedwithfieldsusingtheLinkTermListscommandfromtheToolsmenu.Whenatermlistislinkedtoafield,
thelistcanb
eusedtofacilitatedataentry.EndNotecanalsokeepthetermlistsc urrentbyautomaticallyaddingnewtermsfrom
linkedfields.Bylinkingtermliststoparticularfields,youcanusetheAuto-Suggestionfeaturew
heneveryouareenteringdatainto
thelinkedfield.Eachfieldcanbelinkedtoonlyonetermlist.However,y oucanlinkthesametermlisttodifferentfields.
Thethreepredefinedtermlists(Authors,Journals,andKeywords)arealreadylinkedtotheircorrespondingfields.Anynewterm
listthatyouc reateisnotlinkedtoafielduntilyousetupthelinks.Thelinksb
etweentermlistsandfieldsarespecifictoeach
library.
Tochangethesesettingsortolinkanewtermlisttooneormorefields:
1. Openalibrary.
2. FromtheToolsmenu,selectLinkTermLists.
3. Selectalibraryfromthelistatthetopofthed
ialog.
4. Thenamesoftheavailabletermlistsappearnextt othefieldnameswithwhichtheyarelinked.Youmaychangethelinks
hereasnecessarybyselectingadifferenttermlistfromthep
op-uplists.
5. ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandclosethedialog.
Thesechangeswillnotalteranydatathatiscurrentlyenteredineithery ourreferencesoryourtermlists.Termlistsmaybelinked
tomultiplefields.
Note:Afterlinkinga
termlisttooneormorefields,youshouldmakesurethelistisupdatedw
iththedatafromthosefields.Goto
theToolsmenu,selectDefineTermL
ists,selectthelist,andclickUpdateList.
Tounlinkatermlistfromafield:
1. Withthelibraryopen,selectLinkTermListsfromtheToolsmenu.
2. Scrollthroughthelistoffieldstofindthefieldthatyouwouldliketobeunlinkedfromalist.SelectNonefromthelistnextto
thefieldname.
3. SaveyourchangesbyclickingOK.
Related Topics:
ConfiguringT
ConvertingO
CopyingT
ermsBetweenLists
CopyingT
DefiningT
ermLists
LoadingS
ManuallyU
pdatingTermLists
ModifyingTerms
PredefinedT
ermLists
UsingT
ermsForSearches
Predefined Term Lists

Threeemptytermlistsareavailablebydefaultwitheverylibrary:A
uthors,Journals,andKeywords.Theselistsarealreadylinked
totheirc orrespondingfields:theAuthorstermlistislinkedtotheAuthor,Secondary,T
ertiary,andSubsidiaryAuthorfields;the
JournalstermlistislinkedtotheSecondaryandAlternateTitlefields;andtheKeywordstermlistislinkedtotheKeywordsfield.
Related Topics:
Creatinga
NewTermList
DefiningT
ermLists
LinkingT
ermListstoFields
ModifyingTerms
UsingT
ermsForSearches
Working with the Journals Term List

Creating Bibliographies with Journal Abbreviations
WhenyouinsertajournalnamefromtheJournalstermlistintoareference,o
nlythefirstentryforthejournalnameisentered.
However,youcanc reateabibliographythatusesanyabbreviationinthetermlistbyeditingthestyleusedtoformatthepaper:
Toeditastyletousejournalabbreviations:
1. FromtheEditmenu,selectOutputStyles andselectO
penStyleManager.
2. Selectthestylethatyouwouldliketoedit,andc lickEdit.
3. FromthelistofoptionsattheleftoftheStyleEditorwindow,clickJournalN
ames.
4. Selectoneoftheavailableoptions.
5. Closeandsavethestyle.Nowwhenyouformatap
aperorlookatthePreviewtabontheTabspanel,allofthejournal
namesshouldbereplacedwiththeappropriateabbreviation.
Ifajournalnameinoneofyourreferencesdoesnothavetheselecteda
bbreviationenteredintheJournalstermlist,thejournal
nameappearsinthebibliographyexactlyasitisenteredintheReferencewindow.
Which Term List is Used for the Abbreviations?

Sinceitispossible(thoughnotcommon)tohavemorethanonemulti-columnjournallistinalibrary,itisimportanttoknowhow
EndNotechoosesw
hichJournallisttousewiththeJournalAbbreviationsfeature.EndNoteusesthemulti-columnlistthatis
linkedtothejournalfieldusedbyt hestyle.(Forexample,iftheAlternateJournalfieldisspecifiedbythestyle,EndNoteusesthe
multi-columnlistlinkedtotheAlternateJ ournalfield.)Ifthereisnotamulti-columnlistthatislinkedtoa
journalfield,EndNote
usesthefirstmulti-columnlistthatitfinds.
ThepredefinedJournalstermlistthatisaddedtoeverylibraryisa
lreadysetupasamulti-columnlist,anditislinkedtothese
fields:
l JournalArticlereferencetypeJournalfield
l JournalArticlereferencetypeAlternateJournalfield
l ElectronicArticlereferencetypePeriodicalTitlefield
Related Topics:
ConvertingO
LoadingS
PredefinedT
ermLists
Updatinga
JournalList
Converting Old EndNote Journals Files

IfyouhavepreviouslyusedtheJournalAbbreviationsfeatureinane
arlierversionofEndNote,youcanimportthejournalnames
fromyouroldJournalAbbreviationstableintotheJournalstermlist.TheinformationintheoldtableisstoredintheJOURNALS.ENfileanditcanbedirectlyimportedintotheJournalstermlistusingtheImportListcommand(seeImportingT
ermsinto
TermLists).
Note:Inthisversiono
fEndNote,youcanhaveadifferentsetofjournalabbreviationsfore
achlibrary,andyoumaywantto
updateeachlibrarysimilarly.
Related Topics:
CreatingB
ibliographiesWithJournalAbbreviations
LoadingS
PredefinedT
ermLists
Updatinga
JournalList
Important Points About Entering Journal Names

YoudonothavetousetheabbreviationsectionsinaJournalstermlist,butifyoudo,keepthesepointsinmind:
l Entervariationsofthesamejournalnametogetherinoneterm.
l Enteraconsistentabbreviationformatineachc olumn.Forexample,allIndexMedicusa
bbreviationscouldbeentered
undertheAbbreviation1,anotherformatofabbreviatednamesinAbbreviation2,andsoon.
l Onlythefirsttermforeachjournal(theoneintheFullJournalslot)istransferredwhenyouinsertaterm.
l UsetheJournalAbbreviationoptioninthestylest opickwhichformofthejournalnamesshouldbeusedinthebibliography
ithJournalAbbreviations).
(seeCreatingBibliographiesw
l EndNotecanremoveperiodsfromabbreviationsduringformatting.EndNotecannotaddperiodstoanabbreviatedjournal
name.
Related Topics:
ConvertingO
CreatingB
LoadingS
PredefinedT
ermLists
Updatinga
JournalList
Loading Supplied Journal Abbreviations

Youcanloadoneofthesuppliedjournaltitleliststousefordatae
ntry.Theselistsalsocontainjournalabbreviationsforalternate
output,a
ndareusedbycertainoutputstyles.ThelistsaresuppliedasplaintextfilesintheEndNoteX6\TermsL
istsfolder.You
canopenandviewoneofthesefilesw
ithanywordprocessor,butmakesuretoleaveitaplaintextfilesothatEndNotecan
importit.
ToreplacetheexistingJournalslistwithoneofthesuppliedjournala
bbreviationlists:
1. FromtheToolsmenu,selectOpenTermLists,andthenselectJournalsTermList.
2. Deleteallexistingtermsfromthelist(youcanc lickanddragtohighlightallterms,andthenclickDeleteTerm.
3. ClickontheListstabandhighlighttheJournalslist.
4. ClickImportList.
5. IntheFiledialog,navigatetotheEndNoteX
6\TermsListsfolder,selectthelistyouwanttou
se,andclickOpentoimport
thejournalnamesandabbreviationsf romthefileintotheJournalstermlist.
Related Topics:
ConvertingO
CreatingB
PredefinedT
ermLists
Updatinga
JournalList
Updating a Journal List

ForEndNotetoaccurately usetheabbreviatedjournalnamesinyourb
ibliographies,itisimportanttobeconsistentwhenentering
differentf ormatsofajournalname.Thefirstcolumnshouldalwayslistthefulljournalname,andsubsequentcolumnsshould
storeconsistentformatsofa
bbreviatednames.SeeImportantPointsAboutEnteringJournalNames.
Journallistsareupdatedautomatically,fromtheJournalArticleandElectronicArticlereferencetypes,unlessyouhaveturnedoff
thepreferences toupdatelists(seeTermListsPreferences).W
henjournallistsareupdated,theentryinthemainJournalfield
goesintothefirstcolumnofthelist(FullJournal)andthejournalenteredintotheAlternateJournalfieldgoesintothesecondcolumn(Abbreviation1
).BeconsistentwhenenteringdataintothesefieldssothattheJournalstermlistwillbeupdatedcorrectly.
NotethatifthenameenteredintotheJournalfieldexistsinanyofthecolumnsoftheJournalstermlist,itisnotaddedagain.EndNotetriestoavoidduplicateentriesintheJ ournalslist.
Ifyouhaveturnedoffthepreferencetoautomaticallyupdatethetermlists,youmaymanuallyupdatethelistsasdescribedhere.
Whenyouarem
anuallyupdatingJournallists,youcanchoosewhichcolumnsinthelista
reusedforwhichfieldsofdata.
Toupdateajournaltermlist:
1. Openalibraryandselectthereferences fromwhichy ouwouldliketoupdatetheJournalstermlist.Alternatively,uset he
Searchcommandtofindonlythosereferencesthatyouwouldliket ouse.
2. FromtheToolsmenu,selectDefineTermLists,a
ndthenselectJournals.
3. ClickUpdateList.
4. SelectthefieldsfromwhichEndNoteshouldextractthejournalnames.Ifimportingfromselectedreferences,checkthe
UpdatefromSelectedReferencesoption.
5. ClickOK.
Whentheimportingiscomplete,youwillseeacolumnofjournalnameslistedinalphabeticalorder.
Related Topics:
ConvertingO
CreatingB
LoadingS
PredefinedT
ermLists
Microsoft Word/Cite While You Write

Overview of the Cite While You Write Process
UseCiteWhileYouWrite(CWYW)withMicrosoft W
ord2003,2007,or2010toeasilyandquicklycitereferences,figures,and
tables,andcreatea
paperwithproperlyformattedcitations,abibliography,figures,andtables.CiteWhileYouWritegivesyou
accesstoEndNotereferencesandformattingcommandswitheitheranEndNoteX6s ubmenuonWordsToolsmenuinWord
2003,or,inWord2007and2010,withanEndNotetab.
YoucanstartbybasingyourpaperonapredefinedManuscriptT
emplatethatissetupwithpublishingrulesapplied.Then,inserta
citationintothedocument.Abibliographyformattedaccordingtoa
nyoneofthousandsofstylesiscreated.Instantformatting
technologycanautomaticallyupdateyourcitationsandbibliographyasyouwrite.Youcaneveninsertfiguresandtables foundin
EndNotereferences.
ATravelingLibraryallows yout oreformatreferencesinyourWorddocumentevenwhenyourEndNotelibraryisnotavailable.If
youarecollaboratingwithotherauthors,youcanrelyontheTravelingLibrarytosupplyreferenceinformation.
YoucanuseyourEndNoteapplicationorEndNoteWebtoCiteWhileYouW rite.SeeUsingCiteWhileY
ouWritewithEndNote
Web.
Related Topics:
HowtoC
iteWhileYouWrite
CiteWhileY
ouWriteCommands
WordProcessorCompatibility
How to Cite While You Write with Microsoft Word

Thebasicstepsrequiredtociteareferenceandgenerateabibliographyw
ithMicrosoftWord2003,2007,or2010a
resummarized
below.
ToCiteWhileYouWrite:
1. OpentheEndNotelibraryorlibrariesthatcontainthereferencesyouwishtocite.
2. StartMicrosoftWordandopenthepapery ouarewriting.Werecommendusingthetemplatewizardtocreatey ourWord
WordDocumentBasedonaTemplate.
documentsasdescribedinCreatinga
3. Whenyouarereadytociteasource,positiont hecursorinthetextwhereyouwouldliketoputthecitation.
4. Word 2003:G
ototheToolsmenuinWord,thentheEndNoteX6s ubmenu,andselectFindCitation(s).
Word2007and2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheCitationsgroup,clickInsertCitationa
ndselectFindCitation.
AnEndNoteFindInsertMyReferencesdialogappears,whichmays howtheprevioussearchresults.
5. Inthetextboxatthetop,enteridentifyingtextforEndNotetolocatetheappropriatereference.Thiscouldbea
nauthors
lastname,ayear,akeyword,oranyothercombinationoftermsfoundinthereference.
6. ClickFindandEndNotecomparestheidentifyingtexttoyourEndNotereferencesandthenliststhematchingreference(s).
7. Identifyandhighlighttheappropriatereference(s).
8. UsetheInsertbuttontriangletodisplaya
menu,andselectfrom:
l Insert: Toinsertthecitationandformatitasdefinedbythec urrentlyselectedoutputstyle

l Insert & Display as: Author (Year)
l Insert & Exclude Author
l Insert & Exclude Year
l Insert in Bibliography Only
Note:Y
oucanclickInsert(notthetriangle)toquicklyselectthedefaultInsertcommand.
9. Gobacktostep3toinsertthenextcitation,a
ndcontinuecitingreferencesthisway.
Note:W
henInstantFormattingisturnedo
n,eachtimeyouinsertacitationitisformattedandabibliographyisupdatedat
theendofyourdocument.Whenyouaredoneinsertingcitations,y ourdocumentisdone!InstantFormattingisturnedon
bydefault.
10. Ifyourcitationsarenotautomaticallyformatted,a
ndabibliographyisnotupdatedeachtimeyouinsertacitation,
l Word2003:GototheToolsmenuinWord,thentheEndNotesubmenu,andselectFormatBibliography.
l Word2007and2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheBibliographygroup,clickthecornerarrowdialogboxlauncher.
AFormatBibliographydialogappears,whereyoucanchange,orsimplyverify,thestyleandlayoutofthebibliography.
EvenwhenInstantFormattingisturnedon,youmaywanttoselectFormatBibliographyinordertochangethe
styleorlayoutofyourcitationsandbibliography.
Note:T
hedialogliststhestylesthatarecurrentlyselectedasyour"favorites"intheStyleManager.Ifyouneedtoselect
astylethatisnotinthelist,clickBrowsetolocateit.
11. ClickOK.EndNotescansyourpaperand,usingthes electedstyle,formatsanytemporarycitations,reformatsformatted
citations,andappendsabibliographytotheendofyourpaper.
Yourpaperisreadyforpublication!
Ifyouwanttoinsertfigureortablecitations,seeInsertinga
ndFormattingFiguresandTables.
Related Topics:
Findinga
ndInsertingCitations
Findinga
ndInsertingFiguresandTables
TheCiteWhileYouWriteCommands
UsingP
redefinedManuscriptTemplates
Writing Your Paper (Microsoft Word)

YouselectedtheWordtemplateappropriateforyourpublisher.Then,y oufollowedthetemplatewizardtoprovidebasicinformation,soyourn
ewWorddocumentalreadycontainsthatinformation.Now,youarereadytowriteyourpaper.
Tag Line Indicators

Tostartenteringtextintothedocument,lookfortaglineindicatorstoguideyou.Forexample,youmayseeatagthatsays:
[InsertIntroductiontexthere(nosubheadings)]
Youcanselectthistagandoverwriteitasyoutypetheintroduction.N
ext,youmaysee:
[InsertAcknowledgementshere]
Again,selectthetagandoverwriteitasyoutypeyouracknowledgements.
Mostofthesectionsofthepaperaretaggedinthisway.Thesetagsm
aytellyouofcharacterlimits,indicatewhetheryoushould
includes ubheadings,andcontainfontandstyleformatting.Theyorganizeyourm
anuscriptandhelpyoufollowtherulesofthe
publisher.
Cite While You Write Markers

ThereareseveralinstanceswhereasectiontagactsasamarkerforC
iteWhileYouWrite:
Figure Lists:Whenyouinsertafigurec itationintoyourdocument,andthecurrentoutputstyleissettocreatea
figurelistatthe
endofthedocument,thefigurelistiscreatedata[Figures]tag.Tochangethepositionofthefiguresinyourdocument,o
rtomove
thefigurelisttoaseparatefile,seePlacingF
iguresandTables.
Table Lists:Whenyouinsertafigurec itationwheretheimagecomesfromEndNotes"ChartorTable"referencetype,a
ndthe
currentoutputstyleissettocreateatablelistattheendo
fthedocument,thetablelistiscreatedata[Tables]tag.Tochangethe
iguresandTables.
positionofthetablesinyourdocument,ortomovethetablelisttoaseparatefile,seePlacingF
Bibliographies:Whenyouinsertanin-textreferencecitationinthebodyofyourdocument,thebibliographyiscreatedatthe
[References]tag.
Themanuscripttemplateappliesacorrespondingoutputstyletotheb
ibliography.Forexample,theNaturemanuscripttemplate
wouldusetheN
atureoutputstyletoformatthebibliography,althoughyoucanapplyadifferentoutputstyleifyouwish.
Related Topics:
Creatinga
WordDocumentBasedonaTemplate
SupplyingI nformationtotheTemplateWizard
UsingP
Word Processor Compatibility (Microsoft Word)

ustuseMicrosoftWord2003,2
007,or2010.(Pleaseinstallthelatestservicep
ackfromMicroToCiteWhileYouWrite,youm
soft.)CiteWhileYouWritecanconvertanduseWorddocumentsthatusedearlierversionsofCiteWhileYouWrite,althoughwe
recommendthatyoufirstunformatthosedocuments.
Word2003displaysCiteWhileY
ouWritecommandsonaTools>EndNoteX6s ubmenu.Word2007displaysCiteWhileYou
WritecommandsonanEndNotetab.
IfyouuseOpenOffice.orgW
riterasyourwordprocessor,seeHowtoCiteWhileYouW
ritewithOpenOffice.orgWriter.
IfyouuseawordprocessorotherthanMicrosoftWordorOpenOffice.orgWriter,oranolderversionofthesewordp
rocessors,
saveyourdocumentasanRTFfileanduseFormatP
aper.
Tocreateastand-alonebibliographythatisnotbasedonthecitationsinapaper,seeIndependentBibliographies.
Note:Onlyonew
ordprocessoratatimeshouldbeopenwheninsertingcitationsandformattingdocuments.
EndNote Cite While You Write Tab Missing in Word

ThefollowinginstructionsdescribehowyoucanrestoretheEndNoteCiteWhileYouWritetabinMicrosoftWord.
Word 2007 and 2010

1. Word 2007:ClicktheOfficeicon,andthenclicktheWordOptionsbutton.
Word 2010:ClickontheFileribbon,andthenclicktheOptionsbutton.
2. SelectAdd-insfromthemenu
3. SelectDisabledItemsfromtheManagemenu,andthenclicktheGobutton.
4. SelectanyEndNoteiteminthelist,andthenclicktheEnablebutton.
5. ClickOKtoenabletheEndNotetab.
6. CloseandreopenWord.
7. ChecktoensurethattheEndNotetabappearsatthetopoftheWorddocument.
Note:Ifyouprompted,selecttoallowthefilestobeloadedbyWord.
Word 2003
1. SelecttheHelpmenu.
2. SelectAboutMicrosoftOfficeWordfromthedialog.
3. SelecttheDisabledItemsoption.
4. SelectanyEndNoteiteminthelist,andthenclicktheEnablebutton.
5. ClickClose.
6. ClickOKtoenabletheEndNotetab.
7. CloseandreopenWord.
8. ChecktheToolsmenutoensurethattheEndNoteoptionshavebeenrestoredtoWord.
Note:Ifyouprompted,selecttoallowthefilestobeloadedbyWord.
GotoourFrequentlyAskedQ
uestionssupportpageforinstructionsonhowtorestoretheE
ndNotetabinearlierversionsofEndNote.
SeeApplicationPreferencesforinformationaboutswitchingfromEndNotetoEndNoteWebandvice-versa.
Notes about Microsoft Word

Installing Cite While You Write Support in Word
EndNotesinstallationprograminstallsCiteWhileYouWritesupportforMicrosoftWord2003,2007,or2010.IfyouinstallWord
afterinstallingEndNote,youmusteitherusetheC ustomizeroptionormanuallyinstallCiteWhileYouWrite.SeeNoE
ndNote
CommandsinWord
EndNotecommandsappearonanEndNoteX6s ubmenuoftheToolsmenuinWord2003.InWord2
007and2010,EndNotecommandsappearonanEndNotetab.
Cite While You Write Commands (Word 2003)

ThistopicdescribestheCiteW
hileYouWriteCommandsthatappearinWord2003.IfyouareusingWord2
007and2010,please
seeCiteWhileYouWriteCommands(Word2007and2010).
WhenCiteWhileYouWriteisinstalled,severalEndNotecommandsappearo
nanEndNoteX6submenuo
ftheToolsmenuin
Word.
WhenyouselectanEndNotecommandfromthemenu,theEndNoteprograms tarts(ifnotalreadyrunning)andaCiteWhileYou
Writesubmenubecomesa
ctiveonEndNotesToolsmenu,displayingsomeofthesameEndNotecommandsa
vailableinWord.
Note:Whenyouu
seCiteWhileYouWritePreferences tochooseEndNoteWebastheactiveC
iteWhileYouWriteApplication,
anEndNoteWebsubmenuappearsontheT
oolsmenuinWord.TheEndNoteWebsubmenucontainsasmallersetofC
WYW
commands.
Cite While You Write Commands

BelowarebriefdescriptionsoftheCiteW
hileYouWritecommandsfoundontheEndNoteX6s ubmenuoftheToolsmenuin
Word.
l Go To EndNote: BringEndNotetothefrontofyourscreen.ThiscommandlaunchesEndNoteifitisnotalreadyrunning.
l Find Citation(s):SearchforEndNotereferencestoselectandinsertascitationsinyourWorddocument.SeeFindinga
nd
InsertingCitations.
l Format Bibliography: Format(orreformat)yourpaperaccordingtotherulesofthes electedstyle.Theformattingprocess
replacesthetemporarycitationsinyourpaperwithformattedcitations,andbuildsabibliographya
ttheendofthedocument.SeeFormattingtheBibliography.
Note:Bydefault,InstantFormattingisturnedon,soyourcitationsandbibliographyareautomaticallyformattedasyouwork.
(InstantFormattingisnotavailablew
henworkingwithEndNoteWeb.)
l Insert Selected Citation(s): InsertacitationforeachreferencecurrentlyselectedintheopenEndNotelibrary.Youcan
insertupto250consecutivein-textcitations.SeeInsertingS
electedCitations.
l Edit & Manage Citation(s): Editexistingindividualormultiplecitations.Youc anomitauthorand/oryearfromcitations,or
addprefix orsuffix text(suchaspagenumbers)tocitations.SeeEditingC itations.
l Insert Note: Addc ustomtextcitationstoyourWorddocument.SeeInsertingN otesintheListofReferences.
l Edit Library Reference(s):SelectcitationsinyourWorddocument,thenselectthiscommandtodirectlyeditthecorrespondingreferencesinEndNote.SeeEditingaReferenceintheLibrary.
l Unformat Citation(s):U
nformataselectedc itationbeforeeditingit,orunformatthewholedocument.Thisremovess tyle
formattingfortheselectedcitations,andleavestemporaryc itationswhichusuallyconsistoftheauthorslastname,the
year,a
ndtherecordnumbersurroundedbydelimiters.SeeUnformattingC
itations.
l Remove Field Codes:S
aveacopyofyourd
ocumentwithoutformattedCiteWhileYouWritefieldc odes.Formattedcitationsandthebibliographyaresavedastext.S
eeRemovingFieldCodes.
l Export Traveling Library: CreateanEndNotelibraryfromthereferencesusedinapaper.SeeExportingWord'sTraveling
Library.
l Find Figure(s):SearchforanEndNotereferencethatc ontainsanimage,andinsertafigureortablecitationinyourWord
document.Thecitationisnumbered,andthefigureortableisautomaticallya
ddedtothedocument.SeeFindinga
ndInsertingFiguresandTables.
l Generate Figure List: Updateyourfigureandtablecitationsplustheformattedf iguresandtablesfoundwithinthebodyof
thedocumentorinalistattheendofthedocument.SeeUpdatingF
iguresandTables .
l Cite While You Write Preferences: ChangegeneralCiteWhileYouWritepreferences,c hangetheEndNotekeyboard
shortcutsavailableinWord,changefigurea
ndtablesettings,orswitchtoEndNoteWebCiteWhileYouWrite.SeeSetting
CiteWhileYouWriteP
references.
l Help: Displayh
elpaboutCiteWhileYouWritefeatures.
Note:S
everalCiteWhileYouWritecommandsa
lsoappearontheToolsmenuinEndNote.Tousethesecommandsfromwithin
EndNote,youmustuseatleastoneCiteWhileYouWritecommandfromwithinW
ordduringthecurrentsession.
Related Topics:
CWYWKeyboardCommands
HowtoCiteWhileYouWrite
InstallingC
iteWhileYouWriteSupportinWord
Overviewo
ftheCiteWhileYouWriteProcess
Cite While You Write Commands (Word 2007 and 2010)

ThistopicdescribestheCiteWhileYouWriteCommandsthatappearinW ord2007and2010.Ifyouareusinganearlierversion
ofWord,pleases eeTheCiteWhileYouWriteCommands(Word)2003).
nanEndNotetabinWord2007and2010.When
youselectanEndNotecommandfromthetab,theEndNoteprogramstarts (ifnotalreadyrunning)andaCiteWhileYouWritesubmenubecomesactiveonEndNotesToolsmenu,displayingsomeofthesameEndNotecommandsavailableinWord.
Note:Whenyouu
seCiteWhileYouWritePreferences toselectEndNoteWebastheactiveC
iteWhileYouWriteApplication,
anEndNoteWebtabappearsinWord.TheEndNoteWebtabdisplaysasmallersetofCWYWcommandsthantheEndNote
desktopapplication.
BelowarebriefdescriptionsoftheCiteWhileYouWritecommandsthata
refoundontheEndNotetabontheWord2007and2010
ribbon.
Citations Group
l Insert Citation > Find Citation:SearchforEndNotereferencestoselecta
ndinsertascitationsinyourWorddocument.
SeeFindingandInsertingCitations.
l Insert Citation > Insert Note:AddcustomtextcitationstoyourWorddocument.SeeIncludingNotesintheListofReferences.
l Insert Citation > Insert Selected Citation(s):Insertacitationfore
achreferencecurrentlyselectedintheopenEndNote
library.Youc aninsertupto250consecutivein-textcitations.
l Insert Citation > Find Figure(s):SearchforanEndNotereferencethatcontainsafigure,andinsertafigureortablecitationinyourWorddocument.Thecitationisnumbered,a
ndthefigureortableisautomaticallyaddedtothedocument.See
InsertingSelectedCitations.
l Go To EndNote:BringEndNotetothefrontofyourscreen.ThiscommandlaunchesEndNoteifitisnotalreadyrunning.
l Edit & Manage Citation(s):Editexistingindividualormultiplec itations.Youcanomitauthorand/oryearfromcitations,or
addp
refix orsuffix text(suchaspagenumbers)tocitations.SeeEditingCitations.
l Edit Library Reference(s):Selectc itationsinyourWorddocument,thenselectthiscommandtodirectlye
ditthecorrespondingreferencesinEndNote.
Bibliography Group
l Style:S
electanoutputstylefromthelisttoformat(orreformat)y ourpaperaccordingtotherulesoftheselectedstyle.The
styleslistedaremarkedas"favorites"intheEndNotestylemanager.
l Update Citations and Bibliography:Format(orreformat)yourpaperaccordingtotherulesoftheselectedstyle.Theformattingprocessreplacesthetemporarycitationsinyourpaperwithformattedcitations,andb
uildsabibliographyattheend
ofthedocument.Thiscommandalsoupdatesyourfigureandtablecitationsplustheformattedfiguresa
ndtablesfound
withinthebodyofthedocumentorinalistatthee
ndofthedocument.
l Convert Citations and Bibliography > Convert to Unformatted Citations:Unformataselectedcitationbeforeediting
it,orunformatthewholedocument.T
hisremovesstyleformattingfortheselectedcitations,andleavest emporarycitationswhichusuallyconsistoftheauthorslastname,theyear,andtherecordnumbersurroundedbydelimiters.Use
UpdateC
itationsandBibliographytoformatthepaperagain.SeeUnformattingC
itations.
l Convert Citations and Bibliography > Convert to Plain Text:Saveacopyo
fyourdocumentwithoutformattedCite
WhileYouWritefieldc odes.Formattedcitationsandthebibliographyaresavedastext.S
eeRemovingFieldCodes.
l Convert Citations and Bibliography > Convert Word 2007 Citations to EndNote:ConvertanyWord2007or2010
citationsinthisdocumenttoEndNoteCiteWhileYouWritecitations.
l Convert Citations and Bibliography > Convert Reference Manager Citations to EndNote:ConvertanyWord2007or
2010ReferenceManagercitationsinthisdocumenttoEndNoteCiteWhileYouWritecitations.Thisoptionassumesthatyou
haveconvertedyourReferenceManagerdatabasetoanEndNotedatabase.ValuesincludeAuthorDateRefIDandRefID.
l Format Bibliography:C
lickthearrowinthebottomrightcorneroftheBibliographys ectiontodisplayatabbeddialogof
formattingoptions.Whenyouc lickOKtoleavethedialog,EndNoteformats(orreformats)yourpaperaccordingtothe
rulesoftheselectedstyle.SeeFormattingtheBibliography.
Note:Bydefault,InstantFormattingisturnedon,soyourcitationsandbibliographyareautomaticallyformattedasyouwork.
Tools Group
l Export to EndNote > Export Traveling Library:CreateanEndNotelibraryfromthereferencesusedinyourpaper.See
ExportingW ord'sTravelingLibrary.
l Export to EndNote > Export Word 2007 Citations:CreateanEndNotelibraryfromtheWord2007citationsfoundinthe
document.
l Export to EndNote > Export Word 2007 Master List:C reateanEndNotelibraryfromtheWord2007masterlisto
fcitations.
l Preferences:C
hangegeneralCiteWhileYouWritepreferences,changetheE
ndNotekeyboardshortcutsavailablein
Word,changefigureandtables ettings,orswitchtoEndNoteWebCiteWhileYouWrite.SeeSettingC
iteWhileYouWrite
Preferences.
l EndNote Help:D
isplayhelpaboutCiteWhileYouWritefeatures.
Youmayprefertoexecutethesecommandsfromthekeyboard.Notethek eyboardshortcutsdefinedunderCiteWhileYouWrite
Preferences.
Note:SeveralCiteW
hileYouWritecommandsalsoappearontheToolsmenuinEndNote.Tou
sethesecommandsfromwithin
EndNote,youmustuseatleastoneCiteW
hileYouWritecommandfromwithinWordduringthecurrentsession.
Field Codes (Microsoft Word)

CiteWhileYouWriteplacesfieldcodesaroundandinsideyourformattedc itationsinWord.ThesehiddencodesallowEndNoteto
format,unformat,a
ndreformatcitationswithinWord.
Forexample,thisformattedcitation:
(SchwartzandBilloski1
990)
appearswiththesefieldcodes:
Note:WerecommendthatyounotviewfieldcodesinWord.Ifyouchoosetoviewfieldcodes,p
leasedonotmodifythem.
Alwayskeepbackupsofyourpapers!ToautomaticallyturnoffthedisplayoffieldcodeswhenyouopenaWorddocument,see
GeneralPreferencesforM
icrosoftWord.
FieldcodesforformattedcitationsincludeaTravelingLibraryoftheEndNotereferencescited.Thereferencedatasavedw
ith
eachcitationincludesallfieldsexceptNotes,Abstract,Figure,andCaption.Thisallows youtousethedocumentonacomputer
thatdoesnotcontainacopyofyourEndNotelibrary.
EndNotesCiteWhileYouWritefieldcodesaresupportedbyWord2003and2007.OnceyoustartusingCiteWhileYouWrite,
youmusttakeprecautions beforeopeningthosefilesinotherwordprocessorso
ranotherversionofWord.Ifaformatteddocumentisopenedandsavedw
ithanincompatiblewordprocessor,theformattedEndNotecitationsandb
ibliographylosetheirfield
codes.Whenthishappens,EndNotecannotreformatthedocument.
Beforeyouopenapaperinadifferentwordprocessororgiveapublishera
nelectroniccopyofyourfinalformatteddocument,
pleaseseeSharingY
ourWordDocuments.
Related Topics:
Formso
fCitations
HowtoC
iteWhileYouWrite
InstallingC
iteWhileYouWriteSupportinWord
Overviewo
ShowingW
ordProcessorCodes
Using Predefined Manuscript Templates

Using Predefined Manuscript Templates (Microsoft Word)
ManypredefinedMicrosoftWordmanuscripttemplatesaresuppliedwithEndNotetoeaseelectronicsubmissionstopublishers.
Weprovidethema
sguides tomakeyourwritingprocesseasier,buttheyarenotrequiredinordertouseCiteWhileYouWrite.
Plus,youcanuseamanuscripttemplatee
venwhenyoudonotplantouseCiteWhileYouWriteonthatparticulard
ocument.
Whenyouuseoneofthesetemplatestostartyourpaper,manyformattingissuesarealreadysetupforyourtargetpublication,
suchaspropermargins,headings,pagination,linespacing,titlepage,abstractpage,g
raphicsplacement,andfonttypeandsize.
Aswithbibliographicformats,therearehundredsofvariationsbetweenpublishers.
asedonaTemplate.
SeeCreatingaWordDocumentB
Related Topics:
Creatinga
HowtoC
iteWhileYouWrite
WritingYourP
aper
Creating a Word Document Based on a Template

YoucanstartanewMicrosoftWorddocumentbasedonpredefinedtemplatese
itherfromwithinEndNoteordirectlyfromWord.
Youcanalsocopyande
ditoneofthepredefinedmanuscripttemplates.
From Within EndNote
Tocreateadocumentbasedononeofthepredefinedmanuscripttemplates:
1. StartEndNote.
2. FromtheToolsmenu,selectManuscriptTemplates.
3. IntheFiledialog,browsetotheTemplatesfolderf oundintheEndNotefolder.(EndNoteshouldautomaticallyselectthis
location.)
4. Selectandopenthetemplatenamedforaparticulare
ditorialstyleguideorthepublishertowhichyouintendtosubmity our
manuscript.
ThisopensanewdocumentinMicrosoftWordthatisbasedonthetemplatef ile,andstartsamanuscripttemplatewizard
tohelpyousetupyourp
aper.
Note:T
hefirsttimeyoulaunchthemanuscripttemplatewizard,youmayreceiveanoticeaboutmacros.Acceptmacrostocontinuewiththewizard.
5. Entertheinformationrequestedbythetemplatewizard.SeeSupplyingI nformationtotheTemplateWizard.
Asyouenterinformation,thewizardplacesitinalloftheappropriatep
laces inthedocument.Thewindowsthatappear,
andtheinformationrequested,variesdependinguponthepublisher.
6. Tocompletethewizard:
l ClickNexttocontinueprovidinginformation.Ifyoudonotknowhowtorespondtoaninformationrequest,simplyc lick
Nexttocontinuewiththewizard.Youcanlaterentertheappropriateinformationinthedesignated,bracketedfieldsin
Word.
l Onthefinaltemplatewizardwindow,clickFinisht oclosethewizardandstartwriting!
Note:YoucanclickF
inishatanytimetobypassthewizardandstartworkinginthedocument.Youwillneedtomanuallyenter
informationthatwouldhavebeeninsertedb
ythewizard.ClickingCancelwillstopthecreationofanewdocument.
TheresultingWorddocumentalreadycontainstheinformationyouprovidedtothewizard.Tostartenteringtextintothedocument,lookforindicatorstoguideyou.SeeWritingYourPaper.
From Within Word 2003
TouseamanuscripttemplatesfromwithinWord2003:
1. StartM
icrosoftWord.
2. FromW ordsFilemenu,selectNew.
3. SelecttheEndNoteitemtodisplaythesuppliedtemplates.
Note: Dependingo
nyourversionofWord,youmayfirstneedtodisplaytheGeneraltemplatetab.
4. Selectthetemplateyouwishtouse,selecttheradiobuttontoCreateaN
ewDocument,andclickOK.
5. TheE
ndNotemanuscripttemplatewizardwillstart,asdescribedearlier,a
ndwillleadyouthroughtheprocessof
settingupyourpaper.
Whenyoucompletethewizard,youarereadytostartwriting!
Toeditamanuscripttemplatew
ithWord2003:
1. StartM
icrosoftWord.
2. FromW ordsFilemenu,selectOpen.
3. NavigatetoEndNotesTemplatesfolder.
4. Selecta
ndopenthemanuscripttemplateyouwishtomodify.Templatefilenamese
ndwiththeextension.DOT.
5. Makec hangestothetemplate,andthensaveacopyofthefilewithanewn
ame.
Note:C
hangestoamanuscripttemplatemaydisablethemanuscriptwizardforthattemplate.
From Within Word 2007 or 2010
TouseamanuscripttemplatefromwithinWord2007or2010:
1. StartM
icrosoftWord.
2. Intheu
pperleftcorner,clicktheOfficebuttonandthenNew.
3. IntheT
emplateslist,selectMyTemplatesandclickontheEndNotetab.
4. Selectthetemplateyouwishtouse,selecttheradiobuttontoCreateNewD ocument,andclickOK.
5. TheE
ndNotemanuscripttemplatewizardwillstart,asdescribedearlier,a
ndwillleadyouthroughtheprocessof
settingupyourpaper.
Whenyoucompletethewizard,y ouarereadytostartwriting!
Toeditamanuscripttemplatew
ithWord2007or2010:
1. StartM
icrosoftWord.
2. Intheu
pperleftcorner,clicktheOfficebuttonandthenNew.
3. IntheT
emplateslist,selectMytemplatesandclickontheEndNotetab.
4. Selectthemanuscripttemplateyouwishtomodify,selecttheradiobuttont oCreateNewTemplate,andclick
OK.Templatefilenamesendwiththeextension.DOT.
5. Makec hangestothetemplate,andthensaveacopyofthefilewithanewn
ame.
Note:Changestoamanuscripttemplatemaydisablethemanuscriptwizardforthattemplate.
Related Topics:
UsingP
WritingYourP
aper
Supplying Information to the Template Wizard (Microsoft Word)

TheEndNotedocumenttemplatewizardasksyoutosupply information,requiredbythepublisher,whichthewizardthenplaces
inyourdocument.Ifthesameinformationisrequiredinmorethanoneplace,youenteritonceandthewizardcopiesitasneeded
totheappropriateplacesandintheappropriateformat.
Eachpublishermaintainsitsownguidelines,andthoseguidelinesvaryg
reatly.Asyoufollowthewizard,youmaybeaskedfor:
Title
Dependingonthepublisher,youmaybeaskedtoprovidethefulltitlea
swellasashorttitleorrunningheader.
Author Contact Information and Affiliation
Publisherstypicallyrequireauthorinformationontitlepages,buttheymayalsorequireitinacknowledgementsorinheaders
throughoutthedocument.Youshouldprovideinformationabouteachcontributingauthor.
ClickAddAuthortotypeinformationabouteachcontributingauthor.Y
oualsohavetheoptiontoclickAddressBooktolinktoan
existingOutlookaddressbookandeasilyinsertexistingauthorinformation.
Onceyouaddanauthornamewithcontactinformation,itisretainedinanAuthorsonFilelisttouselater.Forsubsequentpapers,
youcans implyselectnamesfromthelist.
Selectthecheckboxnexttothecorrespondingauthor(thecontactperson).
Keywords
Almosteverypublisherrequiresthatyouprovidekeywordsforindexingthemanuscript.Youcaneitherprovideyourownkeywords,orthepublisherm
ayrequireMeSHterms(theNationalLibraryofMedicinesMedicalSubjectH
eadings).
Sections
Themanuscriptsectionsrequiredbythepublisherarelisted,suchasAbstract,Introduction,Acknowledgements,ReferenceList,
Tables,andF
igures.Theserequirementsvarysignificantlybetweenpublishers.Thew
izardliststherequiredsections,butyou
canselectorremovesectionsa
sneeded.
Note:Ify ouneedhelpononeofthewindows,presstheF
1b
uttononyourkeyboardtodisplayacontext-sensitivehelptopic.
Related Topics:
Creatinga
UsingP
WritingYourP
aper
Citing Sources as You Write

Forms of Citations (Microsoft Word)
A"citation"isthebrief bibliographicinformationinthebodyofapaperthatrefersthereadertoacompletereferenceinthebibliography.Acitationtypicallyconsistsofabibliographyn
umberortheauthorandyearinparentheses:
...ofthespeciesathand1.
...ofthespeciesathand(Argus,1991).
Citationscanappearaseitherunformattedo
rformattedinyourWorddocument.
Unformatted (Temporary) Citations

Anunformattedcitationisatemporaryplaceholder,anddoesnotreflectfinaloutput.ItmayappearafteryouFindCitation(s)a
nd
Insert,InsertSelected
Note:IfyouhaveInstantFormattingturnedon,youm
ayneverseeanunformattedcitation.InstantFormattingisturnedonb
y
default.
Anunformattedcitationtypicallyconsistsofthefirstauthorslastname,year,andtheEndNoterecordnumber,withcitationdelimitersate
achendtoidentifythetext:
{Author,Year#RecordNumber}.
Forexample:
{Alvarez,1994#
8}
Theunformattedcitationmakesiteasytoidentifytherecordcited.E
venifyourfinalgoalisnumericcitations,youcanseemeaningfulinformationw
hileyouareworkingonyourdocument.
EndNotereliesonthesetemporarycitationstodeterminewhichreferencestoincludeinthebibliography.
Formatted Citations
TheFormatBibliographycommandusesanoutputstyletoconvertallu
nformattedcitationsintoformattedcitations,andreflects
finaloutput.
Note:WhenInstantF
ormattingisturnedon,formattingisdoneasyouinsertcitationsbuty oucanstilluseFormatBibliography
tochangethestyleorlayoutofy ourcitationsandbibliography.
FormattedcitationsincludehiddenWordfieldcodesincaseyouwanttoFormatBibliographyagainlater,eitherafteraddingmore
citationsorbecauseyouwanttoformatinadifferentstyle.
CitationsformattedinanAuthor-Datestylemightlooklikethis:
(Alvarez1994;Turnhouse1987)
ThisisthesamecitationformattedintheNumberedstyle:
[1,2]
Youcaneasilyrevertfromformattedcitationsbacktounformattedcitationsa
tanytime.SeeUnformattingCitations.
Related Topics:
CustomizingIndividualCitations
FieldCodes
Findinga
ShowingW
ordProcessorCodes
Finding and Inserting Citations (Microsoft Word)

YoucansearchforEndNotereferencesandinsertthemwithouteverleavingW ord.
ThisistheeasiestwaytofindandinsertacitationintoaWorddocument:
1. OpentheEndNotelibrariesthatcontaint hereferencesyouwishtocite.
2. OpentheWorddocumentandpositionthec ursoratthelocationwhereyouwouldlikethecitation.
3. Word 2003:F
romWordsToolsmenu,selecttheEndNoteX6submenuandFindCitation(s)todisplaytheEndNoteFind
InsertMyReferencesdialog.
Word2007and2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheCitationsgroup,clickInsertC
itationandt henFindC itation.
4. Inthetextboxatthetop,entertexttoidentifythereferenceyouwishtocite.EndNoteassumesan"and"b
etweeneach
word,andwillsearchallfieldsinyourrecords.
5. ClickFinda
ndEndNotecomparesthetexttotextinyourEndNotereferencesandliststhematchingreference(s).Ifnoreferencesmatchyourtext,youneedtomodifyyoursearchtexta
ndclickFindagain.
6. Identifyandhighlighttheappropriatereference(s).
7. UsetheInsertbuttontriangletodisplaya
menu,andselectfrom:
l Insert:T
oinsertthecitationandformatitasdefinedbythecurrentlys electedoutputstyle
l Insert & Display as: Author (Year)
l Insert & Exclude Author
l Insert & Exclude Year
l Insert in Bibliography Only
Note:YoucanclickInsert(notthetriangle)toquicklyselectthedefaultInsertcommand.
Citationsareinserteddirectlyintoyourpaperinthesamefontasthesurroundingtext.Onceacitationisinserted,itcontainscompletereferenceinformationinhiddencodes.
Youcaninsertcitationsinanexistingmanuscript orasyouwrite.R
emembertosaveyourdocumentasyouwork.
Toformatyourcitationsandgenerateabibliography,seeFormattingtheBibliography.Inmostcases,InstantFormattingapplies
asyouinsertcitations.
Related Topics:
CitingR
eferencesinFootnotesandEndnotes
Findinga
Findinga
ndInsertingfromHighlightedText
IncludingN otesintheListofReferences
InsertingC itationsintoaFormattedPaper
InsertingFromMultipleLibraries
InsertingSelectedCitations
TypingC
itationsintoYourPaper
UsingD
rag-and-DroporCopyandPaste
Inserting Selected Citations (Microsoft Word)

ToinsertreferencesselectedinEndNote:
1. OpentheWorddocumentandpositionthecursora
tthelocationwhereyouwouldlikethecitation.
2. Word 2003:F
romtheToolsmenuinWord,gototheEndNoteX6submenuandthenGotoEndNote.
Word 2007 and 2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheCitationsgroup,clickGotoEndNote.

3. Highlightthedesiredreference(s)inyourEndNotelibrary.
4. Word 2003:F
romtheToolsmenuinEndNote,selecttheCiteWhileYouWritesubmenuandselectInsertSelectedCitation(s).
itation,andthenInsertS
electedCitation(s).
Related Topics:
CitingR
Findinga
Findinga
Findinga
Formso
fCitations
InsertingMultipleCitations
TypingC
UsingD
Finding and Inserting from Highlighted Text (Microsoft Word)

Tofindandinsertacitationfromhighlightedtext:
1. Asyouaretyping,entertexttoidentifythereferencey ouwishtocite,andhighlightthattext.
2. Word 2003:F
romWordsToolsmenu,selecttheEndNoteX6submenuandFindCitation(s)todisplaytheEndNoteFind
InsertMyReferencesdialog.
itation,andthenFindC
itation.
EndNoteinsertsyourhighlightedtextintotheFindbox.UsetheFind&InsertMyReferencesdialogasdescribedinFindinga
nd
InsertingCitations.
Using Drag-and-Drop or Copy and Paste (Microsoft Word)

YoucandragselectedcitationsfromyourEndNotelibraryanddropthemintoyourpaperatthedesiredlocationforthecitation.
YoucanalsocopycitationsfromtheEndNoteLibrarywindowandpastet hemintothedocument(usingCopyfromEndNotesEdit
menuandthenPastefromWords clipboard).
Inserting Multiple Citations (Microsoft Word)

Thereareseveralwaystoinsertmultiplereferencesinonein-textc itation.Whenformatted,theyappearasonemultiplecitation,
sorteda
syourbibliographicstylerequires:
Unformatted:{Hall,1
988#77;Baker,1988#16}
Formatted:(Baker,1
988;Hall,1988)
Youcaninsertupto250consecutivein-textcitations,althoughthelimitcouldbelowerdependinguponthenumberoffields being
formattedw iththeoutputstyleyouhavechosen.
Note:Ifoneoft hecitationsinamultiplecitationisnotmatchedduringformatting,theentirecitationremainsunformatted.Notes
cannotbeinsertedasparto
famultiplecitation.
ToinsertmultiplecitationsfromWord:
1. Word 2003:F
romtheToolsmenuinWord,gototheEndNoteX6submenuandselectFindCitation(s).
itationandt henFindC itation.
2. Enteragenericsearchtermthatwillfindthereferencesyouwant,andclickFind.
3. HolddowntheCtrlk eywhileclickingonthedesiredreferencesinthelist(orholdd
owntheShiftkeytoselectacontinuous
rangeofreferences)ino
rdertohighlightthereferences.
4. ClickInsert.
ToinsertmultipleselectedcitationsfromEndNote:
1. InEndNote,holddowntheCtrlk eywhileclickingonthedesiredreferencesinyourlibrary(orholddowntheShiftkeyto
selectacontinuousrangeofreferences).
2. Word 2003:F
romEndNotesToolsmenu,gototheCiteWhileYouW
ritesubmenuandselectInsertSelectedCitation(s).
Word 2007 and 2010:O
ntheEndNotetab,intheCitationsgroup,clickInsertCitationandthenInsertSelected.
Toinsertmultiplecitationsindividually:
Anotheroptionistoinsertcitationsindividually,butimmediatelyn
exttoeachother.CiteWhileYouWritemerges adjacentcitationsduringformatting.Citationsdonotmergeifanycharacterseparatesthemincludingaspaceorpunctuationmark.
Unformatted:{Hall,1988#
77}{Baker,1988#16}
Merged when Formatted:(Baker,1988;Hall,1988)
Note:Youcanaddc itationstoanexistingin-textcitation,orchangetheorderofcitationsw
ithinthedelimiterswiththeEditCitationsdialog.
Toinsert,remove,oreditcitationswithinanexistingin-textcitation:
1. Clickontheformattedcitation.
2. Word 2003:F
romWordsToolsmenu,gototheEndNoteX6submenuandEditCitation(s)t odisplaytheEndNoteX6Edit
ManageCitationsdialog.
Word2007and2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheCitationsgroup,clickEditAllofthecitedreferencesinthedocumentare
listedintheleftcolumnofthedialog.Anellipsesshowswhereacitationappearsw
ithintext.Thelinebelowshowsthe
citedreference(s)
3. Highlightacitation,andthen:
l ClickRemovetodeleteit.
l ClickInserttoinsertanothercitationwithinthesamesetofdelimiters.
l Usethearrowbuttonstochangetheorderofthecitationinamultiplecitation.(IfaCitationSortOrderisa
ppliedbythecurrentoutputstyle,changingtheorderofcitationsinamultiplecitationhasnoeffect.)
YoucanusetheotherfeaturesonthisdialogasdescribedinCustomizingIndividualCitations.
Related Topics:
CitingR
Findinga
Findinga
Formso
fCitations
TypingC
Inserting From Multiple Libraries (Microsoft Word)

Youcancitereferencesfrommultiplelibraries.Simply opentheselectedlibrariesbeforeyoubegininsertingcitations.
Ifpossible,though,werecommendthatyouuseasinglelibrarywhenw
ritingapaper.Keepingallofyourreferencesinonelibrary
simplifiesthewritingprocessbecauseyouknowexactlywheretofindeachreference,thereislittlelikelihoodofduplicatereferences,andyouonlyneedtohaveonelibraryopenwheninsertingcitations.
Note:Ifyouplantoinsertcitationsfrommorethanonelibraryintoapaper,readaboutt heMergeDuplicatesinBibliographyp
reference
Related Topics:
CitingR
Findinga
Findinga
Formso
fCitations
TypingC
Customizing Individual Citations

Theremaybecaseswhereyouwantindividualcitationstodifferfromt hestandardformat.Youmaywanttoremovetheyearor
authorfromac itationifeitherwasmentionedinthecontextofthesentence.Or,youm
ightwanttoaddapagereferenceorcommentbeforeorafterthecitation.
Forexample,assumeaformattedcitationlookslikethis:
Hallsdiscovery(Hall,1988)
Youcanomittheauthorsnamefromthec itation:
Hallsdiscovery(1988)
Youcanomitthedatefromthecitation:
the1
988discovery(Hall)
Youcanaddasuffixwithpagenumbertot hecitation:
thed
iscovery(Hall,1988p.4)
Youcanaddaprefixtothecitation:
thed
iscovery(seeHall,1988)
Tocustomizeaformattedcitation:
1. Insertandformatthecitation.
2. Clickontheformattedcitation.
3. Word 2003:FromWordsT
oolsmenu,gototheEndNoteX6s ubmenuandselectEditCitation(s)todisplaytheEndNote
X6EditManageC itationsdialog.
ntheEndNotetab,intheCitationsgroup,clickEditAllofthecitedreferencesinthedocumentare
listedintheleftc olumnofthedialog.Anellipsesshowswhereacitationappearswithintext.Thelinebelowshowsthe
citedreference(s)
4. Highlightthecitationyouwanttocustomize.
5. Customizeasn
eeded:
Default Format: Selectthism
enuoptiontodisplaythecitationandformatitasdefinedbythec urrentlyselectedoutput
style.
Display as: Author (Year): Selectthismenuoptiontodisplayboththeauthornameandtheyearintheh
ighlightedcitation.
Exclude Author:Selectthistoomittheauthornamefromtheformattedcitation.
Exclude Year:Selectthistoomitthedatefromtheformattedc itation.
Prefix:Entertextheretoprintimmediatelybeforethec itationtext(spacesaresignificant).
Show Only in Bibliography:S
electthisoptiontodisplaytheselectedcitationonlyinthebibliography,notinthebodyof
thepaper.
Suffix:Entertextheretoprintafterthecitationtext(spacesaresignificant).Youcanenterpagenumbershereifyou
alwaysw
antthemtoprintafterthecitation.
Pages: Pagenumbersenteredhereareconsideredenteredintoa"CitedPages"field,sotheycanbemanipulatedonoutputjustlikeanyotherEndNotefield.Inordertoprint,theCitedPagesfieldmustbelistedinthecitationtemplateand/or
footnotetemplateo
fyouroutputstyle.Thisistypicallyusedtoprintthepagenumbersw
ithinafullfootnotecitation.Most
EndNotestylesthatrequirea
specialformatforcitationsinfootnotesarealreadyconfiguredt hisway.Youcanmodifythe
CitationTemplateinyouroutputstyletoincludeCitedPages.
6. ClickOKtoimplementthechange(s)tothecitation.
Related Topics:
CitationPrefixes
CitationSuffixes
CitingR
CitingS
pecificPageNumbersinFootnotes
EditingCitations
Exampleso
fModifiedCitations
Formso
fCitations
IncludingSemicolons&OtherCitationDelimitersinaCitation
NotesA
boutTemporaryCitations
OmittingA
uthorsorYearsfromCitations
TypingC
Including Notes in the List of References (Microsoft Word)

Somejournalstyles(suchasScience)requirethatyouincludenotesa
longwiththelistofworkscitedattheendofthedocument.
Insucha
system,notesarenumberedjustlikecitations,andareincludedinthereferencelistinorderofappearance,alongwith
bibliographicreferences.
Includingnotesinthiswaymakessenseonlywhenyouareformattingy ourpaperwithanumberedstyle(notanauthor-date
style).
Toinserttextasanumberednoteinthereferencelist:
1. Positionthecursoratthelocationinyourtextw
hereyouwouldlikethenumberindicatingthenote.
2. Word 2003:F
romtheToolsmenu,gototheE
ndNoteX6submenuandselectInsertNotetodisplaytheEndNoteInsert
Notedialog.
ntheEndNotetab,intheCitationsgroup,clickInsertC
itationandthenInsertN
ote.
3. Typeyournotetextintothetextbox.Thereisn
olimitontheamountoftextyoucanenter.
4. ClickOKtoinsertanumberednote.
WhenyourpaperisformattedbyEndNoteusinganumberedstyle,then
otetextisassignedanumberandlistedalongwiththereferencesattheendofthepaper.
ThewaythatnotesaredisplayedwhenunformattedcanbechangedintheTemporaryCitationsp
references.
Tomanuallytypetextasanumberednoteinthereferencelist:
1. Typethetextintothebodyofyourdocumentwherey ouwouldwantthenumberforthenotetoappear.
2. Besuretosurroundtheentiresectionoftextw
ithyourTemporaryCitationDelimiters(curlybraces bydefault),a
ndbeginit
with"NOTE:".Forexample:
{NOTE:Theauthorswouldliketoacknowledgethes upportof...}
Restrictions on the Use of the "NOTE" Feature:
l Thisfeaturerequiresthatanumberedstyleb
eusedforformatting;otherwise,thenoteappearsastextintheb
odyofyour
paper.
l Enteralphanumerictextonly.Donotentergraphics,e
quations,orsymbols.
l Donotusethetemporarycitationdelimitersaspartofthetextofthenote.Othermarkers,suchastherecordn
umber
marker,theprefixmarker,andthemultiplecitationseparatorm
aybeused.
l Notescannotbecombinedwithregularbibliographicc itationswithinthesamesetofdelimiters(suchasparenthesesor
brackets).Theymustbecitedseparatelyeachinitsownsetofdelimiters.
Related Topics:
CitingR
Findinga
Findinga
Formso
fCitations
TypingC
Inserting Citations into a Formatted Paper (Microsoft Word)

Ifyouneedtoaddoneormorecitationstoapaperthathasalreadyb
eenformatted,simplyinsertthenewcitationsintothetext
(asdescribede
arlierinthischapter)andselectFormatBibliographywhenyouarereadytoupdatethebibliographyandcitations.
Toaddanewreferencetoanexistingcitation,insertthenewreferencen
extto(notwithin)theexistingcitation,likethis:
(HockneyandEllis,1
996){Argus,1984#1}
Adjacentcitationsaremergedduringformatting,andtheformattedcitationsa
resortedaccordingtothestyle:
(Argus,1984;Hockneya
ndEllis,1996)
Note:Donotinserta
citationintothemiddleofaformattedcitation.Insertitimmediatelyb
eforeoraftertheexistingcitation,with
nospacebetweenthem.
Related Topics:
CitingR
Findinga
Findinga
Formso
fCitations
Citing References in Footnotes and Endnotes (Microsoft Word)

OnceyouhavecreatedafootnoteorendnoteinWord,youcancitereferencesinthatfootnoteorendnotejustlikeyoucitethemin
thebodyofthedocument.
Tociteareferenceinafootnoteorendnote:
1. UsetheappropriatecommandinWordtocreatethef ootnoteorendnote.(EndNotedoesnotc reatethefootnoteorendnote
inthedocument,butisusedtoinsertandformatcitationsinthenote.)
2. Positionthecursorinthefootnoteorendnotewhereyouwouldlikethecitationtoappear.
3. Insertthecitationasyounormallywould.
Note:Youcaneditafullreferencefootnotecitationtoexcludeauthorname,year,ora
uthor/year.NotethattheAuthor(Year)
optiondoesnotapplytofootnotes.
TheEndNotestylethatisselectedwhenyouselectFormatBibliographyd
etermineshowcitationsinfootnotesandendnotesa
re
formatted.EndNotecanformatthesecitationsasbriefin-textcitationso
rlikecompletereferencesinthebibliography.Itcanalso
createaspecialformatspecifictofootnotesorendnotes,includingoptionslike"Ibid."andothervariationsofshortenedreferenceswhenacitationappearsmorethanonceinthefootnotesorendnotes.SeeBibliographyandFootnoteTemplates.
Ifyouarecitingfullreferencesinfootnotes,youcanincludespecificp
agenumberstobeformattedlikearegularEndNotefield.
SeeCustomizingIndividualCitations.Or,ifyouaremanuallytypingcitations,seeC
itingSpecificPageNumbersinFootnotes.
Related Topics:
CitingR
Findinga
Findinga
Formso
fCitations
TypingC
Typing Citations into Your Paper

Therearemanywaystoinsertcitationsinyourpaper.Themostflexiblew
ayistomanuallytypetemporarycitationsdirectlyinto
yourpaper.
TherulesdescribedinthefollowingtopicsgovernhowEndNoterecognizesa
ndinterpretstemporary(unformatted)citations.Use
theseruleswhentypingtemporarycitationsdirectlyintoyourdocument.
Note: Fornewdocumentso
rdocumentsthathaveneverbeenformatted,whenInstantFormattingise
nabled,itisnottriggered
whenyoumanuallytypeareferenceintoad
ocument.YoumustusetheTools>EndNoteX6menuinWord2003ortheEndNote
tabinWord2007toeitherinsertanothercitationorformatthecitationsandareferencelist.Ifadocumenthasbeensuccessfully
formatted,andyoumanuallytypeinatemporarycitation,thatcitationisinstantlyformatted.
l NotesAboutTemporaryCitations
l ComponentsofaTemporaryCitation
l OmittingAuthorsorYearsfromC
itations
l CitationPrefixes
l CitationSuffixes
l IncludingSemicolons&OtherC
itationDelimitersinaCitation
l ExamplesofModifiedCitations
Related Topics:
Findinga
Formso
fCitations
InstantFormatting
NotesA
Overviewo
UsingD
Notes About Temporary Citations

l Eachcitationmustmatchonlyonereferenceinthelibrary.
l WhenInstantFormattingisturnedoff,atemporaryc itationisenclosedincitationdelimitersandtypicallyincludesthefirst
authorslastname,theyearofpublication,andtherecordnumberforthatreference:{Schwartz,1990#5}.
l Withinonesetofcitationdelimitersyoucanhaveseveralcitationsseparatedbysemicolons:
{Schwartz,1990#5;Billoski,1992#28}.
l Curlybraces("{"and"}")a
rethedefaulttemporarycitationdelimiters,althoughtheycanbec hanged(seeTemporaryC
itations).EndNotelooksforthesemarkerstofindcitationsinyourwordprocessingdocuments.
l Inadditiontothecitationdelimiters,therea
reotherpossiblecomponentstoatemporarycitation:Author,Year,Record
Number,PrefixText,S
uffixText,andanyothertextfoundintherecord.Youcanalsou
seaspecialtagtoformatthecitationasAuthor(Year).
l Anypartofatemporarycitationcanbeomitted,a
slongasenoughinformationremainstomatchjustonereferenceinthe
library.Ifyouomitanauthororyearfromatemporarycitation,t hosecomponentsareomittedfromtheformattedcitationas
wellalthoughy oucanchangethispreference.SeeOmittingA
uthorsorYearsfromCitationsformoreinformation.Additionally,y oucanomittheentirecitationsothattheentryonlyappearsinthebibliography.
Related Topics:
CitationPrefixes
CitationSuffixes
CitingS
Exampleso
fModifiedCitations
IncludingSemicolonsandOtherCitationDelimiters inaCitation
NotesA
OmittingA
TemporaryC itationPreferences
TypingC
Components of a Temporary Citation

ThetypicalEndNotetemporary(unformatted)citationconsistsofana
uthorslastname,ayear,andarecordnumber,allenclosed
incitationd
elimiters.However,temporarycitationscantakeonvariousotherformats.
Temporarycitationsmustbeginandendwiththeopeningandclosingc itationdelimiters,buttheothercomponentsofatemporary
citationc anvary.
Youcantypeanystringoftextfoundinthereference,asin:
{dinosaurextinction}
Or,youcantypeanyoftheseitemsinthisorder(commaplacementiss ignificant):
{Prefix\Author,Year#RecordNumberSuffix}
{Prefix\Author,Year,AnyText,Suffix}
Eachcomponentisbrieflydescribedbelow;moredetailedinformationfollows.
Authors Last Name: Onlythelastn
ameofoneauthorislistedinatemporarycitation.Itcanbeanyauthora
ssociatedwiththe
reference,andnotjustthefirstauthor.Includeacommaaftertheauthorsnametolimitthesearchonlytoauthorfields:
{Schwartz,1990}
Year: Theyearshouldappearexactlya
sitdoesinthereference,anditshouldbeprecededbyacomma.Evenifyouleaveoutthe
authorname,includeacommabeforetheyeartolimitthesearchtotheYearfield:
{,2
001}
Record Number: TherecordnumberisEndNotesuniquenumberforareference.Itistheonlypartofatemporaryc itationthat
youcancountontoalways identifyjustonereferenceiny ourlibrary.Therecordnumbermustbeprecededbyanumbersign:
{Jones,1
987#84}
Any Text: AnytextthatappearsinthereferencecanbeusedtohelpEndNotelocatethereferenceinthelibrary.Inorderforthis
tobehelpful,selectwordsthatareuniquetothatreference.Enterthespecifictextonly,orenterthetextinp
laceoftherecord
numberpartofthetemporarycitationandafteras econdcomma:
{greenhouse}
{Schwartz,1990,
{Schwartz,,
Inthethirdexample,wherethedateisomitted,y oumustinsertaspacebetweenthetwocommas orEndNotewillnotrecognize
anycitationmatches.
Prefix Text:Toaddtexttoprintb
eforetheformattedcitation,typethetextimmediately aftertheopeningb
raceandthenabackslash"\"toseparateprefixtextfromthesearchtext:
{see\Jones,1987#84}
Suffix Text: Toaddtexttoprinta
fteraformattedcitation,enterthesuffixtextimmediately aftertherecordnumberorenterathird
commaafterthesearchtextandthentypethesuffixtext:
{Smith,1995#98p.293}
{Smith,1995,dinosaur,p.293}
Author (Year) format:ToaddacitationthatisformattedasAuthor(Year)inyourtext,include@author-yearafterthepagesdesignator:
{Hesse,2003#95@@author-year}or{Hesse,2003#95@p.237@author-year}
Bibliography Only format:Toinsertacitationthatonlyappearsinthebibliography,include@@hidden,wherethefirst@is
neededasthepagesplaceholder:
{Smith,1995#98@@hidden}
Note:Foraneasyw
aytomodify individualCiteWhileYouWritecitationsoncetheyareformatted,seeEditingCitations.
Related Topics:
CitationPrefixes
CitationSuffixes
CitingS
Exampleso
fModifiedCitations
NotesA
OmittingA
TemporaryC itationPreferences
TypingC
Omitting Authors or Years from Citations

Whileyourstylemaynormallyincludetheauthorsnameanddateine
achin-textcitation,youmaywanttoomittheauthorand/or
yearfromaparticularcitation.Thisisusefulifyouhavementionedtheauthoro
ryearinthecontextofthesentenceanddonot
wanttorepeattheinformationinthecitation.
Toremovetheauthorsnameordatefromacitation,simplyleavethatinformationoutoftheunformattedcitation.
Toomittheauthorsname,enter:
...Wyattsrecentdiscovery{,1993#38}.
whichwillformatas:
...Wyattsrecentdiscovery(1993).
Toomitthedate,enter:
...abouthis1993discovery{Wyatt,#38}.
whichwillformatas:
...abouthis1993discovery(Wyatt).
Note:Numberedc itationsdonotprinttheauthornameoryearinanycase,sothesesettingsw
ouldbeignored.
Ifyouwantareferencetoappearinyourbibliography,butnotasac itationinyourpaper,youcanexcludeboththeauthorand
year,leavingo
nlytherecordnumber.Whenyouformatyourpaperwithastylethatformatsa
uthorsandyearsinthecitations,this
particularcitationwillnotd
isplayintext,butwillbeincludedinthebibliography.
However,ifyouwouldratherhavetheauthorandyearappearintheformattedcitationregardlessofwhetherornottheyareinthe
temporaryc itation,selectPreferencesfromEndNotesEditm
enu,selecttheFormattingoption,anduncheckthesettingtoOmit
Authorand/orYearfromformattedcitationifremovedfromtemporarycitation.Withthissettingturnedoff,youm
ayenterjustthe
recordnumber{#34}asatemporarycitation,a
ndstillformatthepaperaccuratelywithastylethatrequiresauthorsa
ndyearsin
thein-textcitations.
Note:Foraneasyw
aytomodify individualCiteWhileYouWritecitationsoncetheyareinserted,seeEditingCitations.
Related Topics:
CitationPrefixes
CitationSuffixes
CitingS
Componentso
faTemporaryCitation
Exampleso
fModifiedCitations
NotesA
TypingC
Citation Prefixes
Youcantypeaprefix infrontofanyunformattedin-textcitation,u
singabackslashtoseparatetheprefixtextfromthereference.
Fore
xample,anin-textcitationsuchas:
{seealso\Hall,1988#77}
formattedintheAPAstylewouldbe:
(seealsoHall,1988)
Whenthereisonlyoneprefixinamultiplecitationanditisatthebeginningofthecitation,itwillstaythereregardlessofhowthe
citationsaresorted.Forexample,thiscitation:
{e.g.\Hall,1988#77;Argus,1991#11}
afterbeingformattedintheAPAstylew
illappearas:
(e.g.Argus,1991;Hall,1988)
Iftheprefixisnotatthebeginningofthemultiplecitation,orift hereismorethanoneprefixinamultiplecitation,theprefixtext
remainswiththereferenceitprecedes.Forexample,thiscitation:
{Argus,1984#11;especially\Hall,1988#77}
formattedintheAuthor-Datestylewillbe:
(Argus,1984;especiallyHall,1988)
Changing the Citation Prefix Marker

YoucanchangetheprefixmarkerfromabackslashtoanothercharacterbyselectingPreferences fromEndNotesEditmenu,
selectingtheTemporaryCitationsoption,andchangingthecharacterinthe"CitationPrefixMarker"box.Useacharacterthatis
nototherwiseusedinthecitations.Letters,numbers,semicolons,"@"a
ndcommascannotbeprefixmarkers.S
eeTemporary
Citations.
Related Topics:
CitationSuffixes
CitingS
Componentso
faTemporaryCitation
Exampleso
fModifiedCitations
Citation Suffixes
Texttypedaftertherecordnumberorsearchtextinanunformattedc itationappearsimmediatelyafterthecitationwhenitisformatted.F
orexample,thesecitations:
{Hall,1988#77,p.5}
{Smith,1995,dinosaur,,p.293}
afterbeingformattedintheAPAstylew
illappearas:
(Hall,1988,p.5)
(Smith,1995,p.293)
Inmultiplecitations,thesuffixtextremainswiththecitationthatitfollows,evenifthecitationsaresorteddifferentlyduringtheformattingp
rocess.Forexample,thiscitation:
{Hall,1988#77p.5;Argus,1991#11}
formattedintheAuthor-Datestylewillbe:
(Argus,1991;Hall,1988p.5)
Related Topics:
CitationPrefixes
CitingS
Componentso
faTemporaryCitation
Exampleso
fModifiedCitations
Including Semicolons and Other Citation Delimiters in a Citation

Inordertoprintanactualsemicolonortheprefix marker(\)asparto
facitation,typeanaccentgrave(`)beforethecharacter.The
accentg
ravetellsEndNotetotreatthefollowingcharacterasregulartext,a
ndnotasasignificantcharacterforparsingthecitation.Forexample,tocreateacitationthatisformattedas:
(seeFigure1;Jackson,1994)
theunformattedcitationmustlooklikethis:
{seeFigure1`;\Jackson,1994#28}
The`characterbeforethesemicolontellsEndNotenottotreatthes emicolonasaseparatorbetweencitations.
Related Topics:
CitationPrefixes
CitationSuffixes
CitingS
Componentso
faTemporaryCitation
Exampleso
fModifiedCitations
NotesA
OmittingA
TypingC
Citing Specific Page Numbers in Footnotes

Whencitingfullreferencesinfootnotes,youmightwanttoincludes pecificpagenumbers.EndNoteprovidesawaytodothis
wherethepagenumbersthatyoutypeintoatemporarycitationcanbemanipulatedbyt heEndNotestylejustlikeafieldinyour
EndNotereference.Youcana
ddspecificpagestothetemporarycitation,andhavetheEndNotestyleincludethemwherever
theyneedtobeintheformattedcitation.Thestylec analsoapplyspecialpagesformatting,likedecidingwhethertoadd" p."or
"pp.beforethepagenumbers,andhowtolisttherangeofpages.
TheeasiestwaytoaddcitedpagesistousetheEditC
itationdialog.
Tomanuallyincludespecificpagenumberstoareferenceinanunformattedf ootnotecitation,simply enterthepagenumberprecededby"@"a
ttheendofthetemporarycitation:
{Smith,1999#24@145-6}
Alltextthatfollowsthe@symbol(uptothenextspace)isconsideredthe"CitedPages."YoumustalsoconfiguretheEndNote
styleu
sedtoformatthepapertouse"CitedPages"inthefootnotetemplate.MostEndNotestylesthatrequireaspecialformatfor
citationsinfootnotesarealreadyconfiguredthisway.
WhenEndNoteformatsthecitation,thecitedpages("145-6"intheexampleabove)areinsertedinthecorrectlocationandformatteda
sappropriateforthestyle.
Note:Ifyouenterp
agenumbersattheendofthetemporarycitationwithoutthe"@"c haracter,theywillstillappearinaformattedin-textcitation,butE
ndNotewillnotbeabletomanipulatethembychangingthepageformato
rbymovingthemtoadifferentpositionintheformattedcitation.Theyw
illsimplyappear,asentered,attheendoftheformattedin-textcitation.T
hisisa
perfectlyacceptablewaytoenterpagenumbersforin-textcitations(orforfootnotesformattedjustlikeyourin-textcitations).
SeeCitationSuffixestoseehowthisworks.Thismethodwillnotworkforcitationsinfootnotesthata
reformattedasfullbibliographicreferencesorwithaspecialfootnoteformat.Forthosecases,youmustusethe@symboltoidentifythecitedp
ages
inthetemporarycitation.
Related Topics:
CitationPrefixes
CitationSuffixes
Componentso
faTemporaryCitation
NotesA
OmittingA
TypingC
Examples of Modified Citations

Thefollowingexamplesdemonstratehowdifferentmodificationstoatemporarycitationaffectitsformattedcitationineitheran
author/yearo
rnumberedstyle.Inthefirstcolumnisanexampleofamodifiedtemporaryc itationbeforeformatting,andtotheright
aretwoexamplesofthatc itationformattedindifferentstyles.
Examples of Modified Citations
Unformatted Formatted
Citation
with AuthorDate
{Hall,#
77}
(Hall)
Formatted Comments
with Numbered
[1]
Toremovetheyearfromt heformattedcitation,simplydeleteitfrom
theunformattedc itation.
{,1
988#77} (1998)
[1]
Toremovetheauthorfromtheformattedcitation,deletejustthe
authorsnamefromt heunformatted
citation.Notethatthecomma
remainsinthetemporaryc itationto
indicatetheomis-s ionoftheauthor.
{#77}
Nocitation
[1]
Thistemporarycitationremovesthe
appears
authorandtheyearfromtheformattedcitation.Whenformattedwith
anauthor-datestyle,thein-textcitationiseliminated,b
utthereference
stillappearsinthebibliography.Numberedc itationsappearasusual.
{Hall,1988 (Hall1988p.4) [1p.4]
Toaddtextaftertheformattedcita#77p.4}
tion,additaftertherecordnumberin
theunformattedc itation.Withthis
temporarycita-tion,thetextafterthe
recordn
umber,includingspacesand
punctuation,isaddedtotheformattedc itation.
{see\ Hall, (seeHall1988) [see1]
Toaddtextbeforetheformattedcita1988#77}
tion,typethetextimme-diatelyafter
theopeningc urlybrace,andtypea
backslash"\"toseparatethetext
fromtheauthorsname.(SeeCitationP
refixes.
{Hall,#
77, (Hall,p.4)
[1,p.4]
Thistemporarycitationeliminates
p.4}
theyearfromtheformattedcitation,
butaddsthea
dditionaltext",p.4".
Typeadditionaltextaftertherecord
numberorafterathirdcommawhen
usingadditionals earchtext.
Modified Citations Table
Related Topics:
CitationPrefixes
CitationSuffixes
CitingS
Componentso
faTemporaryCitation
NotesA
OmittingA
TypingC
Changing Existing Citations

Editing Citations (Microsoft Word)
Onceyouhaveinsertedandformattedacitation,youshouldnotedititdirectly(althoughyoucandoso).Directeditsarelostthe
nexttimeEndNoteformatsthebibliography.
YoucanalmostalwaysgetEndNotetoformatyourcitationsexactlytoy ourspecificationsbyeditingthestyle,theEndNotereference,orthec itation(asdescribedhere).
Note:AneasywaytoomittheAuthororDatefromanindividualcitationistoselectthec itation,right-clickwithyourmouse,
selectEditCitation(s)andthenExcludeAuthororExcludeYear.
Tosafelyeditaformattedcitation:
1. Clickonthecitationyouwishtochange.
2. Word 2003:F
romWordsToolsmenu,gototheEndNoteX6submenu,andselectEditCitation(s)todisplaytheEndNote
EditCitationd
ialog.
ntheEndNotetab,intheCitationsgroup,clickEdit.
Allofthecitedreferencesinthedocumentarelistedintheleftc olumnofthedialog.Anellipsesshowswhereacitation
appearswithint ext.Thelinebelowshowsthecitedreference(s).
3. Selecttheappropriatecitationfromthelistattheleftofthedialog(youcanscrollthroughallcitationsinthed
ocument)and
makeanyofthefollowingchangestothehighlightedc itation:
Default Format: Selectthismenuoptiontodisplaythecitationandformatitasdefinedb
ythecurrentlyselectedoutput
style.
Display as: Author (Year): S
electthismenuoptiontodisplayboththeauthornameandtheyearinthehighlightedcitation.
Thisfeatured
oesnotapplyw
heneditingacitationinafootnote.
Exclude Year:S
electthistoomitthedatefromtheformattedc itation.
Show Only in Bibliography:S
electthisoptiontodisplaytheselectedcitationonlyinthebibliography,notinthebodyof
thepaper.
Prefix:Entertextheretoprintimmediatelyb
eforethec itationtext(spacesaresignificant).
Suffix:Entertextheretop
rinta
fterthecitationtext(spacesaresignificant).
Pages: Enterpagenumbersheretop
rintasC
itedPages.T
oprint,theCitedPagesfieldmustbelistedinthecitationtemplateo
rfootnotetemplateoftheoutputstyle.
4. Youcanaddorremovecitationsfromamultiplec itationorchangetheorderofcitations.
Insert:Usethistoaddanothercitationwithinthes amesetofdelimiters.
Remove:Highlightacitationandc lickRemovetodeleteitfromthein-textcitation.
Up and Down Arrows:Highlightareferenceandusethearrowstochangetheorderofdisplay.(IfaCitationSortOrder
isappliedbythecurrentoutputstyle,usingthisdialogtoc hangetheorderofcitationsinamultiplecitationhasnoeffect.)
5. ClickOKtoimplementyourchange(s).
Aftermakingchanges,selectFormatBibliographyto(re)formatthen
ewormodifiedcitationsandregeneratethebibliography.
Word 2003:SelectFormatBibliographyto(re)formatthenewormodifiedc itationsandregeneratethebibliography.
Word 2007 and 2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheBibliographygroup,clickUpdateCitationsandBibliographyorc lickthecorner
arrowtochangebibliographypreferences andFormatB
ibliography.
Related Topics:
CitationPrefixes
CitationSuffixes
CitingS
DeletingCitations
Exampleso
fModifiedCitations
IncludingSemicolons&OtherCitationDelimitersinaCitation
Movingo
rCopyingCitations
OmittingA
TypingC
UnformattingC
itations
Unformatting Citations (Microsoft Word)

Unformattingrevertsformattedcitationstotemporarycitations,removesthebibliography,andturnsoffinstantformatting.
Ifyourcitationsareformattedinanumberedstyle,youcanunformaty ourpapertoeasily identifycitationsasyouwork.Youcan
FormatB
ibliographyagainlater.
Note:Unlikeformattedc itations,unformattedcitationsrequirethatyouhavethecorrespondingE
ndNotelibraryopeninorderto
formatthepaperagain.UnformattingremovestheTravelingLibrary.
Tounformatcitations:
1. Determinewhichcitationsyouwanttounformat:
l Tounformataparticularcitation,highlightonlythatcitation.
l Ifthecitationyouwanttounformatisparto
famultiplecitation,highlightthemultiplecitation.Allcitationsw
ithinthedelimiterswillbeunformatted.
l Tounformatasectionofthedocument,highlightthatsection.
l Tounformattheentiredocument,eitherselectn
othingorhighlighttheentiredocument.
2. Word2003:F
romWordsToolsmenu,gototheEndNoteX6submenuandUnformatCitation(s).
ntheEndNotetab,intheBibliographygroup,clickConvertC
itationsandBibliographyands elect
ConverttoUnformattedCitations.Ifyouareunformattingtheentiredocument,thisunformatsallofthein-textcitationsand
removesthecurrentbibliography.
Youcantellwhenapaperisunformattedbecausethecitationsappearinthetemporarycitationformat(suchas"{Smith,1999
#25}").
Unformattedcitationsaretemporaryplaceholdersthatdonotreflectfinaloutput.Youcanformatthepaperagainatanytime.To
ieldCodes.
savetheformattedpaperastext,seeRemovingF
Note:Whenyouu
nformatcitations,InstantFormattingisdisabled.Toformatyourpaper:Word 2003:G
ototheToolsmenu,
thentheEndNoteX6submenu,a
ndselectFormatBibliography.Word 2007 and 2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheB
ibliography
group,clickthecornerarrow.FromtheFormatB
ibliographydialog,youcanenableInstantFormattingagainontheInstantF
ormattingtab.
Related Topics:
Componentso
faTemporaryCitation
FieldCodes
Formso
fCitations
ShowingW
ordProcessorCodes
Moving or Copying Citations (Microsoft Word)

Youcanhighlightanytextthatincludescitations,thenusetheClipboardc ommandstoCutorCopy,andthenPasteitelsewhere
inthedocument.Y
oucandothiswithformattedortemporary(unformatted)citations.
Tomoveorcopyonlythecitationitself,makesureyouhighlighttheentirecitation(includingsurroundingdelimiters).ThenCutor
CopyandP
asteitelsewhereinthedocument.
Deleting Citations
Todeleteanunformattedcitation,simply highlighttheentirecitation(includingdelimiters),andpresstheBackspaceorDelete
key.
Whileitispossibletohighlightaformattedcitationandsimply pressthedeletekeyonyourkeyboard,wedonotrecommendthat
youdothat.Ifyoudonotcompletelydeletethecitationandallassociatedcodes,y oucouldcorruptyourdocument.
Tosafelydeleteaformattedcitation:
1. InWord,highlightthecitationyouwanttodelete.
2. Word 2003:F
romtheToolsmenuinWord,gototheEndNoteX6submenuandselectEdit&ManageC
itation(s)todisplay
theEndNoteX
6EditManageCitationsdialog.
Word2007and2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheCitationsgroup,clickEditManage
3. IntheEdit&ManageCitationsdialog,ensuret hatthecitationyouwanttodeleteishighlighted.Ifthecitationispartofa
multiplecitation,makesureyouselectjustthecitationyouwanttodelete.
4. FromtheEditReferencemenu,clickRemoveCitation.
5. ClickOK.
Generating Bibliographies
Generating Bibliographies (Microsoft Word)
Formattingabibliographyservestwofunctions:
l Itformatseachin-textcitationaccordingtotheselectedbibliographicstyle.
l Itaddsacompletebibliographytothedocument(unlessyouoverridethiswithasettingintheoutputstyle).
l Theformatusedforcitationsandreferencesisdeterminedbytheoutputstyleselected.Whenyouhavefinishedwritingyour
paperinW ord,andallofyourEndNotecitationshavebeeninsertedintothetext,youarereadyforEndNotetoformatthepaper
andgenerateabibliography.Thiscanbedoneinoneoftheseways:
l InstantFormattingactuallyworksasyouinsertc itationsandisenabledwhenyoufirststartusingCiteWhileYouW rite.
EndNoteusesthecurrentlyselectedstyletoformatcitationsa
ndupdatethebibliographyeachtimeacitationisinserted.
However,ifyouwanttochangethestyleorlayoutofreferences,youcanusetheFormatBibliographycommand.
l FormatBibliographyallowsyoutomodify bibliographyp
references suchasstyleandlayoutbeforeformattingyourdocument.T
hisisalsowhereyouenableordisableInstantFormatting.
Word 2003:FromtheEndNoteX6submenuontheToolsmenu,selectFormatBibliography.
Word 2007 and 2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheBibliographygroup,clickthebottomcornerarrow.
UpdateCitationsandBibliographyisavailableinWord2007.YouwillfinditontheToolsmenuontheEdit&ManageCitationdialog.EndNoteusesthecurrentlyselectedstyletoformatcitations,thebibliography,plusfiguresandtables.You
couldalsosimplyselectanewstylefromtheStylelistintheBibliographygroup.
Thesearethebasicformattinginstructions:
1. Word 2003:FromtheToolsmenuinWord,gototheEndNoteX6submenuandselectFormatBibliography.
Word 2007 and 2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheBibliographygroup,clickthebottomcornerarrow.
2. OntheFormatBibliographytab,usetheWithOutputStyleoptiontoselectanoutputstyletoformatreferences.Itisokayto
experimentwithdifferentstylesbecauseyoucansimplyreformatagain.
3. ClickOKtoformatallcitationsandbuildthebibliography.
Related Topics:
AddingS
tylestotheOutputStylesList
Creatinga
BibliographyfromMultipleDocuments
DeletingB
ibliographies
DirectlyE
ditingBibliographies
FormattingtheBibliographyand/orChangingBibliography
InsertingandFormattingFiguresandTables
InstantFormatting
MovingB
ibliographies
ReformattingP
apers
Instant Formatting (Microsoft Word)

InstantFormattingworkswhileyouwriteyourpaper.Asyouinsertcitations,E
ndNoteusesthecurrentlyselectedstyletoformat
citationsandupdatet hebibliography.Bydefault,InstantFormattingisenabledthefirsttimeyouusetheTools>EndNoteX6
menuinWord2003ortheEndNotetabinWord2007and2010toinsertacitationorformatt hebibliography.
Tochangethestyleorlayoutofreferences,ortochangeInstantFormattings ettings,youcanusetheFormatBibliographyc ommand,whichisdescribedinthenextsection.
Insomecases,InstantFormattingisdisabled,suchaswhenyouunformaty ourpaper.
Fornewdocumentsordocumentsthathaveneverbeenformatted,whenInstantFormattingisenabled,itisnottriggeredwhen
youmanuallytypea
referenceintoadocument.YoumustusetheTools>EndNoteX6menuinWord2003ortheEndNotetabin
Word2007toeitherinsertanothercitationorformatthecitationsandareferencelist.I fadocumenthasbeensuccessfullyformatted,andyoumanuallytypeina
temporarycitation,thatcitationisinstantlyformatted.
TouseInstantFormattinginWord2007,smart tagsmustbeenabled(theyareturnedonbydefault).
ToverifythatSmartTagsa
reenabled:
l Word 2007 and 2010:ClicktheOfficeicon,thenWordOptions,thenProofing,thenAutoCorrectO
ptions.OntheSmart
Tagstab,selecttheLabeltextwithsmarttagscheckboxandmakesureIn-textCitation(CwywCitationRecognizer)"is
selected.
ToenableordisableInstantFormattinginthecurrentdocument:
1. Word 2003:FromtheToolsmenuinWord,gototheEndNoteX6submenuandselectFormatBibliography.
Word 2007 and 2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheBibliographygroup,clickthebottomc ornerarrow.
2. ClicktheInstantFormattingtab.
3. ClickTurnOnorTurnOfftotoggleInstantFormatting.
Whenenabled,youcanclicktheSettingsbuttontochangetheseInstantF
ormattingcontrols:
l Scan for temporary citationsturnsonscanningoftemporarycitations.T
hisfindsandformatsallcitations,includingthoseyoumayh
aveenteredmanually.YoucanselecthowoftenEndNotescansy ourdocument.
l Check for citation changesturnsonbackgroundscanningthatlooksforcitationchanges.
4. ClickOKtosavechangestotheInstantFormattings ettings.
5. ClickOKtoformatallcitationsandbuildtheb
ibliography.
WhenInstantFormattingisenabled,leavingtheFormatBibliographyd
ialog-whetheryouclickOKorCancel-willalwaystrigger
formattinginyourdocument.
Note:ToturnInstantF
ormattingonorofffornewWorddocuments,seeGeneralP
references .
Related Topics:
AddingS
BasicInstructions
Creatinga
DeletingB
ibliographies
DirectlyE
MovingB
ibliographies
ReformattingP
apers
Formatting the Bibliography and/or Changing Bibliography Settings (Microsoft Word)

Youmaybehalfwaythroughinsertingcitations,oryoumayhavefinishedw
ritingyourpaper.Youmayhaveinstantformattingenabled,oryoumayh
avemanuallyinsertedcitationswithformattingdisabled.Itdoesnotmatter.Aslongasyouhavecitations
enteredinyourd
ocument,youcanformatyourpaperatanytime.Youcanreformataftera
ddingmorecitationsortochangethe
styleorlayoutsettings.
Note:Thefirsttimeacitationisformatted,thecorrespondingEndNotelibrarymustbeo
pen.Afterthat,EndNotecanusethe
TravelingLibraryforreferenceinformation.
Toformatcitationsandgenerateabibliography:
1. Word 2003:F
romtheToolsmenuinWord,gototheEndNoteX6submenuandselectFormatBibliography.
Word 2007 and 2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheBibliographygroup,clickthebottomcornera
rrow.
2. OntheFormatBibliographytab,changeorverifythesesettings.
Format document:MakesuretheappropriateWorddocumentisselectedfromthelistofopenWorddocuments.
With output style:Selecttheappropriateoutputstylet oformatreferences.Youcanexperimentbyreformattingwithvariousoutputstyles.Toaddmoreoutputstylestothelist,seeAddingStylestotheOutputStylesList.
Temporary citation delimiters:hesearetheopeninga
ndclosingdelimitersfortemporarycitations.Makesuretheyare
uniquedelimiters,andnotcharactersyouwouldnormallyuseinyourp
aper.Thedefaultsarecurlybraces
Link in-text citation to reference in the bibliography:Thisoptionisselectedbydefault.Cleartheselectiontoremove
linkedin-textcitationsinthebibliographyofyourpaperinWord.
Underline linked in-text citations:Selectthisoptiontoaddu
nderlinestoin-textcitations.Clearthecheckboxtoremove
underlinesfromin-textcitationsinyourpaper.Thisoptionisonlyavailableifthe"Linkedin-textcitationtoreferenceinthe
bibliography"isturnedon.
3. OntheLayouttab,changeorverifythesesettings:
Font and Size:Thesearethetextfontandsizeu
sedforthebibliography.
Bibliography title:Toprintatitleatthetopofyourb
ibliography,typethetitleinthistextbox.
Text Format:HighlightthebibliographytitletextandthenusetheTextFormatbuttontodisplayadialogwherey oucan
changetheformatofthehighlightedtext.
Start with bibliography number:Enterastartingreferencenumberifyouwanttonumberyourbibliography.

First line indentandHanging indent:Usethesesettingstosetaparagraphindent,ahangingindent,ornoindentatall.
Thehangingindentappliestothesecondandsubsequentlinesofareferenceinthebibliography.Typemeasurementsas
centimeters(cm),inches(in),lines(li),orpoints(pt).LinespacingandSpaceafter:SettheLinespacingforwithinareferenceandtheSpaceafterforspacingbetweenreferences.
ormatting.
4. OntheInstantFormattingtab,youcanTurnOno
rTurnOffInstantFormatting.SeeInstantF
5. ClicktheLibrariesUsedtabtoseewhichlibrariesa
rereferencedinthedocument.Thistabliststhenameofthelibraryo
r
librariesthatwereusedfortheformattedcitationswithinthed
ocument.Ifyourdocumentisunformatted,thelistisempty.
6. ClickOKtosavechangesandformatyourcitationsandbibliography.
Note:Youdonoth
avetoverify eachtabeverytimeyouformat.Ifallyouwanttodoisc hangetheoutputstyle,selectFormat
Bibliography,selecttheoutputs tyleontheFormatBibliographytab,andclickOK.Word 2007 and 2010:Aneasieroptionisto
gototheEndNotetab,lookintheBibliographygroup,andsimply selecta
newStyle.
Related Topics:
AddingS
Creatinga
DeletingB
ibliographies
DirectlyE
GeneratingB
ibliographies
InstantFormatting
MovingB
ibliographies
ReformattingP
apers
Adding Styles to the Output Styles List

ThebibliographicstyleselectedontheFormatBibliographydialogdeterminesh
owEndNoteformatsthecitationsinyourpaper
andthereferencesinthebibliography.Thestyletakescareoftextstyles,punctuation,ands ortingrequiredforthecitationsand
bibliography,aswellaswhichf ieldsareincludedinthebibliography.
YoucanuseFormatBibliographytoselectadifferentstyleandreformaty ourdocumentatanypoint.
Foratypicalinstallation,EndNoteinitiallyinstallonlythemostp
opularoutputstyles,althoughmorethe4,500styles a
reavailable.
SeeInstallingAdditionalOutputStyles
TomarkaninstalledoutputstyleasafavoritesoitwillappearintheOutputStylelist:
1. InEndNote,gototheEditmenu,selectOutputStyles,andthenselectOpenStyleManager.
2. Findthestylethatyouneed.
l Youcanquicklyselectastylebytypingitsname,orscrollthroughthelisttofindwhatyouneed.
l Clickonthecolumnheadingstosortthes tylesbyeithernameorcategory.Clickasecondtimetoreversethesort
order.
l UsetheFindb
ybuttonintheStyleManagerwindowtofindentirecategoriesofstyles o
rtosearchforastylebya
wordinitsname.Forexample,clicktheFindbyb
uttonandselectChemistrytodisplayallofthes tylesinthecategory"Chemistry."
The"StyleInfo"itemintheinformationpanelcanbec hangedfromStyleInfotoStylePreviewtodisplayapreview
ofhowtheselectedstyleformatsEndNotessamplereferences.
3. Clickinthecolumnboxtotheleftofthestylesnametoselectitasoneofyourfavorites.Or,tomarkallofthes tylesthat
aredisplayed,perhapsawholecategory,clickMarkAll.
4. ClosetheStyleManagerbyclickingtheclosebuttono
rselectingCloseStyleManagerfromtheFilemenu.
StylesmarkedasfavoritesappearintheOutputStyleslistofEndNotesE
ditmenuaswellasthestyleslistinMicrosoftWord
andOpenOffice.orgWriter.
Allstyles canbemodifiedtomeetyourspecifications. Youcanalsoc reatecompletelynewstylesifnecessary.SeeModifying
StyleTemplatesforinstructionsaboutcreatingandmodifyingstyles.
Related Topics:
Creatinga
DeletingB
ibliographies
DirectlyE
GeneratingB
ibliographies
InstantFormatting
MovingB
ibliographies
ReformattingP
apers
TheS
tyleManager
Reformatting Papers (Microsoft Word)

Adding New Citations to Formatted Papers
Ifyouaddmorecitationstoyourpaperaftertheformattingprocess,y oucanupdatethecitationsandthebibliographybyselecting
theFormatBibliographycommandagain.Word 2007 and 2010:ClickUpdateC
itationsandBibliographyorc lickthecornerarrow
tobringuptheFormatBibliographydialog.
Note:Youdonotn
eedtounformatyourcitationsinordertoreformatthem.
Reformatting with Different Styles

Toreformatyourpaperinadifferentstyle:
1. Word 2003:G
ototheToolsmenu,thentheEndNoteX6submenu,andselectFormatBibliographya
gain.
Word 2007 and 2010:YoucanselectanewStyleintheBibliographygroup,orclickthec ornerarrowtobringuptheFormatBibliographydialog.
2. SelectanewstylefromtheFormatBibliographyd
ialogandclickOK.
Yourcitationsandbibliographyareupdatedforthenewbibliographics tyle.SeeAddingStylestotheO
utputStyles Listforinformationaboutexpandingthelistofa
vailablestyles.
Related Topics:
AddingS
Creatinga
DeletingB
ibliographies
DirectlyE
GeneratingB
ibliographies
InstantFormatting
MovingB
ibliographies
Creating a Bibliography from Multiple Documents (Microsoft Word)

YoucanuseWordsMasterDocumentfeaturetogenerateasinglebibliographyfrommultipledocuments.Thisallowsyouto
createacumulativebibliographyfromanynumberofbookchapters.(Asanalternative,werecommendusinga
singleWorddocumentsplitintoSections.SeeCreatingM
ultipleBibliographiesinaSingleDocument.)
Togenerateasinglebibliography:
1. Ineachofyourdocuments,orchapters,inserty ourcitationstolinkthemtoreferencesinanEndNotelibrary.
2. Word 2003:Ineachdocument,gototheToolsmenu,thentheEndNoteX
6submenu,andselectU
nformatCitationsto
unformatallofthecitationsinthedocument.
ntheEndNotetab,intheBibliographygroup,clickConvertC
itationsandBibliographyands elect
ConverttoUnformattedCitations.
3. Closeallofyourdocuments.
4. Createanewdocument.
5. UsetheOutlineviewtodesignatethenewdocumentasamasterdocument,theninsertanddisplayeachofyourchapters
assubdocuments.(CheckWordsdocumentationifyouneedstep-by-stepinstructions.)
Note:IfyouhavecollapsedsubdocumentstohidetheircontentinOutlineview,makesureyouexpandtheminorderto
displaythecontentsofallsubdocumentsb
eforecontinuing.
6. Word 2003:F
romtheToolsmenu,gototheEndNoteX6submenuandselectFormatBibliography.
ntheEndNotetab,intheBibliographygroup,clickthebottomcornera
rrow.
Note:Y
ourdocumentsmustallowread/writeaccess;theycannotbedesignatedR
ead-only(locked).
7. VerifytheformattingoptionsandclickOK.
EndNotecreatesthebibliography,usingcitationsfromthemasterdocumentandalldisplayedsubdocuments,andplacesitatthe
endofthemasterd
ocument.Youcanmovethebibliographyanywherewithinthemasterors ubdocuments,anditwillremainin
thatlocationevenwhenyoureformat.
Note:Ify ouselectWords Insert>Filecommand,andthenselecttheLinkoptiontoinsertadocumentintothetext,EndNotewill
notformatthelinkedd
ocumentwhenyouformatthemaindocument.Thetextfromthelinkeddocumentw illbeskipped.
Ifyouwanttoformatabibliographyforeachsubdocumentplusacumulativeb
ibliographyattheendofthemasterdocument,followtheinstructionsa
bove,butuseanoutputstylethatallowsformattingofSections.SeethedescriptionaboutCreatingM
ultiple
BibliographiesinaSingleDocumentandSectionsforadditionalinformation.Inthecaseofamasterdocument,subdocumentsa
re
treatedassections.
Related Topics:
AddingS
CreatingM
ultipleBibliographiesinaSingleDocument
DeletingB
ibliographies
DirectlyE
GeneratingB
ibliographies
InstantFormatting
MovingB
ibliographies
ReformattingP
apers
Creating Multiple Bibliographies in a Single Document (Microsoft Word)

Bydefault,EndNotecreatesasinglebibliographyattheendofeacho
fyourWorddocuments.However,youmaywanttocreatea
separatebibliographyforeachsection(orchapter)inyourdocument.Outputstyleoptionsareavailablesothatyoucanchooseto:
l Createasingle,completebibliographyatthee
ndofthedocument(thedefaultsettingforalmostallofthesuppliedo
utput
styles).
l Createabibliographyforeachsectioninthedocument.
l Createabibliographyforeachsectionandalsoa
completebibliographyattheendofthedocument.
Note:Theseoptionsa
reignoredbyversionsofEndNotepriortoversionX6.
In Microsoft Word, break your document into sections

EndNotecanformateachsectionindividually.Youmaywanttobreake
achchapterintoitsownsection.Inthecaseofamaster
document,s ubdocumentsaretreatedassections.
In Microsoft Word 2003:
FromtheInsertmenu,selectBreaks,andthenselectoneofthefouro
ptionsunderSectionbreaktypes:NextPage,Continuous,
EvenPage,orO
ddPage.
In Microsoft Word 2007 and 2010:
OnthePageLayouttab,clicko
nBreaks,andthenselectoneofthefouroptionsunderSectionBreaks:e
xtPage,Continuous,
EvenPage,orOddPage.
Note:Ifyouneeda
dditionalinformationaboutsectionbreaks,pleaseseeyourMicrosoftW
orddocumentation.
Modify the output style as needed

Ifyouwanttouseapredefinedstylethatformatssections,tryAPA5
th(sections)orChicago15thB(sections).Thesestylesare
alreadyd
efinedtoformatabibliographyforeachsection,anddonotrequirem
odification.
Otherwise,werecommendthatyoustartbycopyinganexistingoutputs tyleandgivingitauniquename.Thisleaves theoriginal
styleintact.S
eeCopyingStyles.
Next,clickontheSectionspanelintheoutputstyle.Thisiswherey ouselecttheappropriateoptionforcreatingasinglebibliographyfromallsections,aseparatebibliographyforeachsectionindividually,orb
oth.ForacompletedescriptionoftheformattingoptionsforMicrosoftW
ordsections,seeSections.
Saveyourchangesandclosetheoutputstyle.
Format your Word document with the new output style

Formatyourbibliographyasyounormallywould,butmakesureyoufirsts electthenewoutputstylethatyoucreated.SeeFormattingtheBibliographyand/orChangingBibliographyinWord.
Again,youcanusethepredefinedstylesAPA5th(sections)orChicago1
5thB(sections).Thesestylesarealreadydefinedtoformatabibliographyforeachsection.
Additional Formatting Notes

WhenworkingwithsectionsinWord,pleasenotethat:
l EndNotewillalwaysinsertablanklinebetweenthefinaltextofeachsectionandthereferencelistforthatsection.
l Whenyouformatareferencelistattheendo
feachsection,thebibliographytitlewillbeusedfromtheLayouttabofFormat
Bibliography.Ifyoudonotwantatitleforeachs ectionbibliography,makesurethe"BibliographyTitle"textboxontheLayouttabisempty.SeeFormattingtheBibliographyand/orChangingBibliographyinWord.
l IfyouhaveinstructedtheoutputstyletoCreateabibliographyforeachsectionandacompletebibliographyatthee
ndof
thedocument,"butyouhaveonlyonesectionintheWordd
ocument,acompletebibliographywillappeartwiceoncefor
thee
ndofthesection,andonceasacompletebibliographyfortheentiredocument.
l IfyouhavemultiplesectionsinyourWorddocument,a
ndswitchfromformattingwithastylethatformatssectionsindividuallytoastylethatformatsasingle,cumulativebibliography...youwills eethesectionbibliographiesdisappear!Ifyou
wantthemback,makes uretoformatwithastylethatformatssectionsindividually.
Related Topics:
AddingS
Creatinga
BibliographyfromMultipleDocumentsinWord
DeletingB
ibliographies
DirectlyE
GeneratingB
ibliographies
InstantFormatting
MovingB
ibliographies
ReformattingP
apers
Sections
Directly Editing Bibliographies (Microsoft Word)

Itisalwaysbesttomakechangestoyourfinalbibliographybycorrectingt hedataintheEndNotelibrary,editingtheoutputstyle
youareusing,oraddingordeletingcitationsfromyourpaper.Then,aftermakingthen
ecessarychanges,formatthebibliography
toautomaticallymakethecorrections.
ItisnotalwayspossibleforEndNotetoformatthebibliographyexactlya
sneeded,soyoumightneedtomanuallyedittheformattedbibliography.Ifyoumustdothis,rememberthatifyoureformatapaperaftereditingthebibliography,EndNotewillnotpreserveyouredits.WhenEndNotereformatsabibliography,itdeletestheexistingoneandputsanewoneinitsp
lace.
Youcaneditthebibliographyasyouwouldanytext.Thebibliographymaybeshaded,butyoucanstilleditit.Ifyoulaterreformat
thepaper,y oureditswillbegone.
Youcanaddtextafterthebibliography,butmakesuretoputitaftertheendoftheformattedbibliographyoutsideofthebibliographyfield.
Note:SeeModifyingStyleTemplatesforinstructionsabouteditingstyles.
Related Topics:
AddingS
Creatinga
DirectlyE
GeneratingB
ibliographies
InstantFormatting
MovingB
ibliographies
ReformattingP
apers
Moving Bibliographies (Microsoft Word)

CiteWhileYouWritealwayscreatestheinitialbibliographyatthee
ndoftheWorddocumentthatithasformatted.Ifyoumovethe
bibliographytoadifferentlocationinthedocument,EndNotekeepsitthereevenify oureformatthepaper.Youcandrag-and-drop
thebibliography,or,ifInstantFormattingisdisabled,youcanCutandPastethebibliography.
Note:W
henInstantF
ormattingisenabled,usedrag-and-droptomoveabibliography.Ify outrytouseCutandPaste,InstantFormattingwillcreateanewbibliographyattheendofthedocumentbeforeyouhaveachancetoPaste.
Related Topics:
DeletingB
ibliographies
DirectlyE
GeneratingB
ibliographies
ReformattingP
apers
Deleting Bibliographies (Microsoft Word)

Todeleteabibliography,makesureInstantF
ormattingisdisabled,selectthebibliography,andthendeleteit.
Makesureyoudragthecursoracross theverybeginningofthebibliographytoselecttheentirebibliographyfield.PresstheBackspaceorDeletek ey.YoucanalsoCutthebibliographyifyouwanttopasteitsomewheree
lse.
Inserting and Formatting Figures and Tables

Inserting and Formatting Figures and Tables (Microsoft Word)
OnceimagesareorganizedinanEndNotelibrary,theyareavailableforinsertingintoamanuscriptwithCiteWhileYouWritecommands.Thefinishingtouchistheautomaticcreationofafigurelistand/oratablelistthatpresentsasequentiallistofallgraphics
insertedinamanuscript.
Afigurecitationisabriefnumberedcitationinthebodyofapapert hatrefersthereadertoafigureattheendoftheparagraphorto
afigureinacompletelistoffiguresattheendofthepaper.
In-textfigurecitationsaresequentiallynumberedandformattedliket his:
Marrellaisasmall"arthropod"s omewhatreminiscentofatrilobite.Thisillustrationalsoshowsthed
ark"blob"producedby
bodycontentswhichweresqueezedouto
ftheanimalafterburial.(Figure1
)
Itincludestheword"Figure"(or"Table"),thes equentialnumber,andsurroundingparentheses.ThefieldmaybeshadedbyWord
tohelpyouseecitations,butshadingdoesnotprint.YoucanturnfieldshadingoffinWord.
Thecurrentoutputstyledeterminestheplacementofformattedfiguresa
ndtables.Theyappeareitherwithinthebodyofthe
paper,directlya
ftertheparagraphwheretheyarecited,orinalistattheendofthed
ocument,afterthebibliography.
ndTables.
SeeFindingandInsertingFiguresa
Related Topics:
Deletinga
FigureCitationorFigureList
Figurea
ndTablePreferences
Findinga
MovingF
iguresandTables
NotesA
boutFormattingFiguresandTables
PlacingF
iguresandTables
UpdatingF
iguresandTables
Notes About Formatting Figures and Tables (Microsoft Word)

l DonotuseMicrosoftWordCaptioninginconjunctionw
ithEndNotefigurecaptioningorin-textcitations.
l Imagesfoundinthe"ChartorTable"referencetypea
reinsertedintowordastables,whicharelabeledandnumberedseparatelyfromfigures.(YoustillusethegenericFindFigureandGenerateF
igureListcommands.)
l Ifyouopenanexistingdocumentthatalreadyh
asfigurecitationsinthebody(thatwerenotinsertedwithEndNotesF
ind
Figurecommand),thosefigureswillnotbeincludedinthefigurelist.Youwillneedtoaddtheexistingfigurestoreferences
inEndNote,a
ndthenusetheFindFigurecommandtoinsertthemintothedocument.
l Youcanformatfigureseitherdirectlyaftertheparagraphinwhichtheyarecited,orinalistattheendofthedocument.See
Figuresa
ndTablesinWord.
l TheInstantFormattingthatappliestobibliographiesd
oesnotapplytofigures.In-textfigurecitationsarealwaysformatted
asyouinsertthem,butifyoumoveordeleteafigurecitationiny ourpaper,youmustmanuallyselectGenerateFigureList
fromtheT
oolsmenutoupdatethedocument.Word 2007 and 2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheBibliographygroup,select
UpdateC
itationsandBibliography.
l FigureandtablecaptionsareaddedfromtheC aptionfieldintheEndNotereference.
l Ifmorethanonein-textfigurecitationreferencesthesamefigurewiththesamecaption,thosecitationsareassignedt he
samefigurenumber,andthefigureappearsonlyonceinafigurelist.
l Youcanmanuallyinsertapagebreakbetweenf iguresifyouprefereachfigureonaseparatepage.Thesepagebreaksw
ill
berememberedifyouselectGenerateFigureList(orU
pdateCitationsandBibliographyinW
ord2007and2010)again.
Related Topics:
Deletinga
Figurea
ndTablePreferences
Findinga
MovingF
iguresandTables
PlacingF
iguresandTables
UpdatingF
iguresandTables
Finding and Inserting Figures and Tables (Microsoft Word)

YoucansearchEndNotereferencesandinsertagraphicorfilefromthefigurefieldofareferenceintoyourWorddocument.The
figurefieldinyourreferencesmaybetitledfigureorhaveacustomnameassignedb
yyou.
Note:Thefilet ypesacceptedaredependentonyourversionofWordandothersoftwareinstalledonyourcomputer.Forexample,someversionsofWordwillnota
cceptPDFfiles.
ToinsertagraphicorfilethatisstoredinanEndNotereference:
1. OpentheEndNotelibrarythatcontainsthefigurey ouwishtoinsert.
2. IntheWorddocument,positionthecursoratthelocationwhereyouwouldlikethefigurecitationtoappear.
3. Word 2003:F
romWordsToolsmenu,selectthe>EndNoteX6submenuandFindFigure(s)t odisplaytheEndNoteFind
Figuresdialog.
ntheEndNotetab,intheCitationsgroup,clickInsertC
itationandt henFindFigure.
4. Inthetextboxatthetop,entertexttoidentifyt hereferencethatcontainsthefigure.EndNoteassumesan"and"b
etween
eachword,andwillsearchallfieldsinyourrecords,includingtheCaptionfield.
5. ClickFind,andEndNotecomparesthetexttotextinyourEndNotereferencesandlistseachmatchingreferencethatc ontainsanimage.
EndNotedisplaystheAuthor,Year,Title,andCaptionfieldfromeachmatchingreference.Dragtheverticalbarsbetween
thecolumntitlestodisplaymoreorlessofafield.TheCaptionfieldshouldcontaina
descriptionofthefigure.
6. Identify,highlight,andinserttheappropriatefigure.
Ifnoreferencesmatchyourtext,youneedtomodifyyoursearchtexta
ndclickFindagain.
EndNoteplacesanin-textfigurecitationatthecursorlocationandinsertsandlabelsthefigureitself.
Note:Imagesfoundinthe"ChartorTable"referencetypeareinsertedintowordastables,whicha
relabeledandnumberedseparatelyfromfigures.
Thefigureortablenumberrepresentstheorderoftheimageinthed
ocument.
EndNoteinsertstheimageitself,alongwiththecaption,immediatelyaftertheparagraphthatcitesit.Youcanmodifytheoutput
styletop
lacefiguresandtablesinlistsattheendofthedocument,aftertheb
ibliography.SeeFiguresa
ndTables.
Youcaninsertfiguresandtablesinanexistingmanuscriptorasyouw rite.Remembertosaveyourdocumentasyouwork.
Note:TheInstantF
ormattingthatappliestobibliographiesdoesnotapplytofigures.In-textf igurecitationsarealwaysformatted
asyouinsertthem,butifyoumoveordeleteafigurecitationinyourpaper,youmustmanuallyselectGenerateF
igureListfrom
theToolsmenutoupdatethedocument.Word 2007 and 2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheB
ibliographygroup,selectUpdate
CitationsandBibliography.
Related Topics:
Deletinga
Figurea
ndTablePreferences
MovingF
iguresandTables
NotesA
PlacingF
iguresandTables
UpdatingF
iguresandTables
Updating Figures and Tables (Microsoft Word)

In-textfigurecitationsarealways formattedasyouinsertthem.Byd
efault,theyappeardirectlyaftertheparagraphinwhichthey
arecited.H
owever,youcandirecttheoutputstyletoformattablesandfiguresinlistsattheendofthedocument.
Ifyoumoveordeleteafigurecitationinyourpaper,youmustmanuallyg
eneratethefigurelisttoupdatethefigurecitationnumberingandplacement.
Word 2003:F
romWordsToolsmenu,selecttheEndNoteX6submenuandselectGenerateFigureL
ist.Or,clicktheGenerate
FigureListbuttonontheCWYWtoolbar.
ntheEndNotetab,intheBibliographygroup,selectUpdateC
EndNotewillnumbereachfigureandtablecitationsequentiallyintheW
orddocument,asshowninthisexample:
Thisfamilytreeisnotachronologicalprogression.R
ather,itillustrates howevolutionincorporatestraitsthatevolvedfor
unrelatedreasonsintoanovelstructure.(Table1
)
Marellaisasmall"arthropod"s omewhatreminiscentofatrilobite.Thisillustrationalsoshowsthed
ark"blob"producedby
bodycontentswhichweresqueezedouto
ftheanimalafterburial.(Figure1
)
Asresearcherslookatevidence,eventhecrestont hemodernCockatielprovidesinsightintotheevolutionoffeathers.(Figure2)
EndNotealsoinsertsanddisplaystheactualfigures(graphics,figures,tables,charts,equations,orfiles)andlabels themwithfigureortablen
umbers(tomatcheachin-textreference)andCaptiontextfromtheCaptionfieldintheEndNotereference.
Ifyourfiguresarelistedattheendofthedocument:
l Inafigureortablelist,ifmorethanonec itationreferencesthesamefigurewiththesamecaption,thosecitationsa
re
assignedthesamefigurenumber,andthefigureappearsonlyonceinthelist.
l YoucancontinuetoaddfigurecitationstotheWorddocument.Ifyouchangethepositionoffigurecitationsinyour
document(withtheCopyandPastecommands),selectGenerateF
igureListagaintoupdatefigurenumbersandthecorrespondingfigures.W ord 2007 and 2010:O
itationsandBibliographyt oupdatefiguresandtables.
l Youcanmanuallyinsertapagebreakbetweenf iguresifyouprefereachfigureonaseparatepage.Thesepagebreaksw
ill
berememberedifyougeneratethefigurelistagain.Or,directtheoutputstyletoalways insertpagebreaksbetweenfigures.
Related Topics:
Deletinga
Figurea
ndTablePreferences
Findinga
MovingF
iguresandTables
NotesA
PlacingF
iguresandTables
Placing Figures and Tables (Microsoft Word)

Figuresandtablesareformattedeitheraftertheparagraphwherecitedo
rinalistattheendofthemanuscript.Thisplacementis
determinedb
ythecurrentoutputstyle.
Note:Imagesfroma
nyreferencetypeotherthan"ChartorTable"areinsertedandformattedasFigures.Images fromthe"Chart
orTable"referencetypeareinsertedandformatteda
sTables.BothareinsertedwiththeFindFigurecommand.Bothareformattedw
ithGenerateFigureList(inW
ord2007,useUpdateC
itationsandBibliography).
Automatic Placement by the Output Style

Theselectedoutputstyledetermineswherefiguresandtablesareinitiallyp
lacedinadocumentandwhenyouGenerateFigure
ListorUpdateCitationsandBibliography.
Bydefault,outputstylesaresetuptoplacefiguresandtablesimmediatelya
ftertheparagraphinwhichtheyarecited.Youcan
editindividualoutputs tylestoplacefiguresandtableseitheraftertheparagraphinwhichtheyarecitedorinalistattheendofthe
document.
Forinformationabouteditingyouroutputstyleforfigureplacement,s eeFiguresandTables.T
heFigurespaneldeterminesthe
placementoffiguresandtheircaptions,t heTablespaneldeterminestheplacementoftables(imagesfromthe"ChartorTable"referencetype)andtheircaptions,andtheSeparationandPunctuationp
aneldeterminesimageseparationandpunctuationoflabels
andcaptions.
Selecting a Different Output Style

ToapplyadifferentoutputstyleinWord:
Word 2003:FromtheToolsmenu,selectEndNoteX6andthenFormatBibliography.
Word 2007 and 2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheBibliographygroup,youc andirectlychooseadifferentstyle,orclickthebottomcornerarrow.
SelectanoutputstyleontheFormatBibliographytabandclickOK.Y
oucanselectadifferentoutputstyleevenifyouhavenobibliographicc itationsinyourpaper.Ifyoudohavebibliographiccitations,remembert hatyouroutputstylechoiceaffectsbothbibliographiccitationsandfigureandtablecitations.
Cite While You Write Override of the Output Style

Asyouworkinyourdocument,youmayadjusttheplacementofactualfiguresandtablesbycuttingthepicturesandpastingthem
elsewhereinthedocument.Normally,whenthefigurelistisgeneratedagain,theo
utputstyleputsthembackintheirinitiallocation!Youcanoverridetheoutputstyle,andtellEndNotetoleaveexistingfiguresandtablesw heretheyarecurrentlyplaced.See
Figuresa
ndTablesinWordforinformationaboutCiteWhileYouWritepreferencesthataffectFiguresandTables.
Related Topics:
Deletinga
Figurea
ndTablePreferences
Findinga
MovingF
iguresandTables
NotesA
UpdatingF
iguresandTables
Moving Figures and Tables (Microsoft Word)

Moving In-text Figure and Table Citations
Tomoveorcopyafigureortablecitation:
1. Highlighttheentirecitation,includingthesurroundingp
arentheses.Forexample:(Figure1)
2. UseCopyorCutfromtheEditmenutocopyormovet hecitationtotheClipboard.Word 2007 and 2010:ThesecommandsarefoundinaClipboardgroup.Youcouldalsousedrag-and-dropt omoveafigurecitation.
3. Movethecursortothenewlocation.
4. FromtheEditmenu,PastetheClipboardcontentsa
tthenewlocation.
5. Word 2003:F
romtheTools>EndNoteX6m
enu,selectGenerateFigureListtorenumberthein-textcitationsa
ndupdate
figuresandtables.
Word 2007 and 2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheBibliographygroup,selectUpdateC
Theselectedoutputstyledetermineswhetherfiguresandtablesappeard
irectlyaftertheparagraphwherecitedorinalistatthe
endofthedocument.Tomodifythissectionofyouroutputstyle,seeFiguresa
ndTables.
Moving Individual Figures and Tables

Tomoveanindividualfigureortablewithinthetextofthemanuscript:
1. Cutthefigure(ortable),includingthelabela
ndcaption,andPasteitintheappropriatepositioninyourmanuscript.
2. Word 2003:InWord,gototheToolsmenuandselectEndNoteX6>CiteWhileYouWritePreferences.
Word 2007 and 2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheToolsgroup,selectPreferences.
3. OntheFiguresandTablestab,selectthebottomb
uttonforcustomplacementoffiguresandtablesandclickOK.
4. Word 2003:F
romtheToolsmenu,selectEndNoteX
6>GenerateFigureList.

EndNotewillupdatefigureandtablenumbering,b
utwillnotchangethepositionofexistingfiguresandtables.
Note:Thiscustomp
lacementishonoredonlywhenthecurrentoutputstyleissetuptoprintfiguresandtableswithinthetextof
themanuscript.Whentheoutputs tyleissetuptolistfiguresandtablesinlistsattheendofthed
ocument,regeneratingthefigurelistwillmovefiguresandtablestot heappropriatelistattheendofthedocument.
Moving Figure and Table Lists

Whenanoutputstyleismodifiedtoprintfiguresandtables inalista
ttheendofadocument,thelistsappearafterthebibliography.However,y oumaywantthelisttoappearelsewhereinyourdocument.Somepublisherse
venrequirethatfiguresbe
providedinaseparatefile.
Tomoveafigureortablelistelsewhereinyourdocument,suchasbeforethebibliography:
1. Highlighttheentirelist,especiallytheveryb
eginningofthelistwhichcontainsahiddenmarker.
2. CutthelisttomoveittotheClipboard.
3. Movethecursortothenewlocation.
4. PastetheClipboardcontentsatthenewlocation.
EachtimeyouselectGenerateFigureList(orUpdateC
itationsandBibliographyinW ord2007and2010),EndNotelooksforthe
beginningmarker,s othelistwillbeupdatedinitscurrentlocation.
Ifmultiplein-textfigurecitationsreferencethesamefigurewiththesamecaption,thosecitationsareassignedthesamefigure
number,a
ndthefigureappearsonlyonceinafigurelist.
Toprovideafigureortablelistinaseparatefile:
1. Finalizeyourmanuscriptandfigurelist.
2. Highlighttheentirelist,andthenusetheCopya
ndPastecommandstopastethelistintoanotherWorddocument.
3. Deletethefigureortablelistfromthemanuscriptfile.
Note:DonotselectG
enerateFigureListorU
pdateCitationsa
ndBibliographyagainwithineitherdocument.
Related Topics:
Deletinga
Figurea
ndTablePreferences
Findinga
NotesA
PlacingF
iguresandTables
UpdatingF
iguresandTables
Deleting a Figure Citation or Figure List (Microsoft Word)

Todeleteafigureortablecitation:
1. Highlighttheentirecitation,includingthesurroundingp
arentheses.
2. PresstheBackspaceorDeletekey.
3. Word 2003:F
romtheTools>EndNoteX6m
enu,selectGenerateFigureListtorenumbertheremainingin-textfigureand
tablecitationsandupdatetheformattedfiguresandtables.
Todeleteafigureortablelist:
Toremoveasinglefigureortablefromthelist,deletethecorrespondingin-textfigurecitation.Then,useGenerateFigureListto
generateanu
pdatedlistattheendofthedocument.Word 2007 and 2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheBibliographygroup,select
UpdateC
Ifyouwanttocompletely removethefigureortablelist,firstdeletea
llin-textfigurecitationsandupdatethelistwithGenerateFigureL
istorUpdateCitationsa
ndBibliography.Then,tocompletelyremoveanymentionofafigureortablelist,highlighttheListof
FiguresmarkerorListo
fTablesmarkerandpressDelete.
Note:Donotdeletethefigure(picture)itselffromthedocument.Removethein-textfigurec itationandthenGenerateFigure
ListorUpdateCitationsa
ndBibliography.Ifyoudonotremovethein-textcitation,regeneratingthefigurelistwillusethein-text
citationtodisplaythepictureagain!
Related Topics:
Figurea
ndTablePreferences
Findinga
MovingF
iguresandTables
NotesA
PlacingF
iguresandTables
UpdatingF
iguresandTables
Figure and Table Preferences
Setting Cite While You Write Preferences

Setting Cite While You Write Preferences (Microsoft Word)
YoucanaccessandsetCiteWhileYouWritepreferences fromeitherE
ndNoteorWord.Thesamedialogappears,andchanges
aresavedinthes ameplace:
l FromEndNotesToolsmenu,gototheCiteWhileY
ouWritesubmenuandselectCWYWPreferences.
l Word 2003:FromWordsToolsmenu,gototheEndNotesubmenuands electCWYWPreferences.
l Word 2007 and 2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheToolsgroup,selectPreferences.
CiteWhileYouWritepreferencesincludegeneralp
references ,theabilitytoassignkeyboards hortcutstomenucommands,and
theabilitytocontrolplacemento
ffigures.
ForinformationaboutotherEndNotepreferencesthatdirectlyaffectC
iteWhileYouWrite,seeRelatedE
ndNotePreferences.
Making Changes to the EndNote Library

Finding Cited References in a Library (Microsoft Word)
Youcanquicklyjumpfromabibliographicin-textcitation(notafigurec itation)tothecorrespondingEndNotereference.
TofindanEndNotereference:
1. MakesurebothyourWorddocumentandyourEndNotelibraryareopen.
2. Highlightthecitation(s)inyourWorddocument.
3. Word 2003:FromtheToolsmenuinWord,gototheEndNoteX6submenuands electEditLibraryReference(s).W ord
2007 and 2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheCitationsgroup,selectEditL
ibrary.
EndNoteopensthecorrespondingreferenceforediting.
Editing a Reference in the Library (Microsoft Word)

YoumayinsertacitationinaWorddocument,andthenlatereditthec orrespondingreferenceinEndNote.Arethosechanges
reflectedinyourW
orddocument?
Yourcitationsandbibliographywillreflecttheeditsthenexttimey oureformatthepaperwiththeEndNotelibraryopen.Openyour
document,openyourEndNotelibrary,andselectFormatBibliographyfromtheEndNoteX6submenuontheToolsm
enuinWord.
Word 2007:O
EndNotewillnotbeabletomaketheupdateifthelibraryisnotopend
uringformatting.Instead,itwilltaketheoriginalreference
informationfromWordsTravelingLibrary.
Note:Theauthorslastnameandthepublicationyeararebothusedtoidentifyareference,s ochangestotheseitemsinanEndNotereferencearenotreflectedint hein-textcitation.CiteWhileYouWritewillnolongeridentifyamatchb
etweenthecitation
andthereference,andwillusereferenceinformationfromWords fieldcodes(thetravelinglibrary).
IfyoumakechangestoafigureinanEndNotereference,youmustmanuallyreplacethefigureinyourWorddocument.
Deleting a Reference from the Library

Thefirsttimeacitationisformatted,EndNoteusesinformationfromt heunformattedcitationtolookintheopenlibraryandfind
thecorrespondingreference.Ifyoulaterreformat,EndNoteagainlooksinthelibraryforthatreference.Ifthereferencehasbeen
deletedfromthelibrary,EndNotetakesthereferenceinformationfromhiddenfieldc odesinWord(theTravelingLibrary).
So,ifyoudeletedacitedreferencefromthelibrary,therequiredinformationisstillavailableinthehiddenfieldcodessurrounding
eachf ormattedcitationeventhoughthereferenceisnolongerinthelibrary.
However,anunformattedcitationissimplyatemporaryplaceholder.Ifacitationisunformatted,andyouhavedeletedthecorrespondingreferencefromtheEndNotelibrary,EndNotewillnotbeabletofindthereferenceinformationforformatting.
Ifyouaddthereferencetothelibraryagain,itwillbeassignedad
ifferentrecordnumber.Youwouldneedtore-insertthecitationin
Word.
Record Numbers
EndNoteassignsauniquerecordnumbertoeachreferenceasitisaddedtoyourlibrary.Theserecordnumbersappearintemporarycitationstoe
nsurethatthecorrectreferenceisusedwhenthepaperisformatted:
{Argus,1991#11}
Therecordnumberforareferenceisalsovisibleinthetitlebaroft heReferencewindow.
Keepthefollowingpoints aboutrecordnumbersinmind:
l EndNotea
utomaticallyassignsarecordnumbersequentiallytoeachreferencea
sitisaddedtoalibrary.
l Ifthesamereferenceappearsintwodifferentlibraries,therecordn
umberswillmostlikelybedifferent.
l Recordn
umbersareneverreusedorreassignedwithinalibrary.Whenyoud
eleteareference,thecorrespondingrecord
numberisneveruseda
gaininthatlibrary.
l Youc annotmodifyorreassignrecordnumbers.
l WerecommendthatyounotrelyonEndNotesrecordnumbersasameansoffilingornumberingyourofficereprints,because
youhavenocontrolo
verthisnumber.Instead,enteryourownuniquenumberintotheLabelfield,oranyCustomfield,anduse
thatnumberforyourreprints.
Ifyouaddthereferencetothelibraryagain,itwillbeassignedan
ew,differentrecordnumber,soEndNotestillwillnotbeableto
finditwhenformattingyourpaper.Youwillneedtoreinsertthecitationintothepaperusingthenewreferenceinyourlibrary.
Related Topics:
Editinga
ReferenceintheLibrary
Sharing Your Word Documents

Sharing Your Word Documents
YoucandirectlyshareyourW
ord2003,2007,orWord2010fileswithcolleagues.Eachformattedc itationissurroundedbyfield
ibrary).
codeswhichcontainfullreferenceinformation(alsoreferredtoastheTravelingL
Ifyouwanttoconvertyourdocumentforusewithapreviousversiono
fWordoradifferentwordprocessor,youshouldUnformat
Citationsbeforesavinginthedifferentfileformat.Then,youmayb
eabletoreformat.ThecorrespondingEndNotelibrary(or
libraries)m
ustbeavailableinordertoformat.
Tosendafinal,formatteddocumenttosomeone,youmaywanttoRemoveF
ieldCodestosavetheformattedcitationsandbibliographyastext.
Ofcourse,ifyoujustwanttoprintacopyofthepaperforsomeone,y oudonotneedtodoanythingtoyourdocumentotherthan
printit!
Note:CiteW
hileYouWritecodesaredirectlycompatiblebetweenW ord2003and2007.
Related Topics:
ExportingW ord'sTravelingLibrarytoanEndNoteLibrary
RemovingF
ieldCodes
SavingF
ilesforOtherVersionsofWordandOtherWord
SubmittingtheFinalPapertoaPublisher
TheTravelingL
ibrary
UnformattingC
itations
Workingo
nDifferentComputers
The Traveling Library (Microsoft Word)

EachformattedcitationinyourWorddocumentissavedwithfieldc odesthatembedreferencedatainthedocument.Thepaper
containsa
"TravelingLibrary"ofreferencescited.
Thefirsttimeacitationisformatted,EndNotelooksintheopenlibrarya
ndfindsthecorrespondingreference.Ifyoulaterreformat,
EndNotea
gainlooksintheopenlibraryforthatreference.However,ifthelibraryisnotavailableornotopen,EndNoteusesthe
TravelingLibraryforreferenceinformation.
Becausereferencedataiskeptwitheachformattedcitation,youcanc ollaboratewithotherauthorsonapaperwithouteach
authorhavingthes ameEndNotelibrary.
ThereferencedatasavedwitheachcitationincludesallfieldsexceptN
otes,Abstract,andFigure.
Note:Donotunformaty ourdocumentifyoudonothavetheoriginalreferencesinyourlibraries.U
nlikeformattedcitations,unformattedcitationsrequirethatyouhavethecorrespondingEndNotelibrariesopeninordertoformatreferences.
Related Topics:
RemovingF
ieldCodes
SavingF
SharingY
ourWordDocuments
UnformattingC
itations
Workingo
nDifferentComputers
Exporting Words Traveling Library to an EndNote Library

Theremaybeoccasionswhereyouwanttocopyallofthereferencesu
sedinaMicrosoftWorddocumenttoanEndNotelibrary.
PerhapsyoureceivedonlytheformattedWorddocumentfromacolleague,andwouldliketocreateE
ndNotereferencestouse
later.Or,youmayhavealargeEndNotelibrary,b
utwanttocreateasmallerEndNotelibrarywithonlythesubsetofreferences
usedinyourpaper.
Note:TheTravelingLibrarydoesnotcontainNotes,Abstracts,Figures,orCaptions.
Toexportreferences fromaWorddocumenttoanEndNotelibrary:
1. OpenthedocumentinWord.
2. Word 2003:F
romtheToolsmenu,gototheEndNoteX6submenuandselectExportTravelingL
ibrary.
ntheEndNotetab,intheToolsgroup,selectExporttoEndNoteandthenExportTravelingLibrary.
3. OntheExportTravelingLibrarydialog,s electeither:
l AnexistingEndNotelibrary:
Selectalibraryfromthedrop-downlistofavailablelibraries,orclickBrowsetolocatealibrary.
l AnewEndNotelibrary:
Youwillbepromptedtonameandsavethenewlibrary.
Note:WerecommendthatyouexporttoanewEndNotelibrary,soyoucanreviewtherecordsb
eforeaddingthemtoanexisting
library.
ThereisanalternatewaytocopyreferencesfromyourWorddocumenttoanEndNotelibrary.OpenbothyourWorddocument
andtheEndNotelibrary.T
hen,inEndNote,gototheToolsmenu,thentheCiteWhileYouWrites ubmenu,andselectImportTravelingLibrary.
Note:Whenyouu
setheExport/ImportTravelingLibrarycommands,theexportedreferencesa
rerenumberedanddonotretain
theiroriginalreferencenumbers.
Related Topics:
RemovingF
ieldCodes
SavingF
SharingY
ourWordDocuments
TheTravelingL
ibrary
UnformattingC
itations
Workingo
nDifferentComputers
Converting Word 2007 and 2010 Citations to EndNote

Word2007and2010includesaReferencetab,whereyoucanusec ommandstoinsertMicrosoftWordfootnoteorendnotecitations.ThesefootnoteandendnotecitationsarenotuseddirectlybyEndNotesCiteW
hileYouWritefeature(althoughyoucan
insertanEndNotecitationwithina
Wordfootnote).IfyouhavecitationsalreadyenteredintoWord,youc ancopythereference
informationintoanEndNotelibraryandthenconverttheWordcitationsintoEndNoteCiteWhileYouWritecitations.
Note:TheWordc itationconversionfeaturesrequiresthatyourcomputerhavetheMicrosoft.NetFrameworkinstalled.
ToexportWord2007and2010citationstoanEndNotelibrary:
1. OpentheWorddocumentthatcontainsthecitations.
2. OntheEndNotetab,intheToolsgroup,selectE
xporttoEndNoteandthenExportWord2007Citations.
ToexporttheWord2007and2010mastercitationlisttoanEndNotelibrary:
2. OntheEndNotetab,intheToolsgroup,selectE
xporttoEndNote,andthenExportWord2007MasterList.
ToconvertWord2007and2010citationstoEndNotecitationswithinthedocument:
2. OntheEndNotetab,intheBibliographygroup,s electConvertCitationsandBibliography,andthenConvertWord2007
CitationstoEndNote.
Working on Different Computers (Microsoft Word)

Ifyouareworkingonasinglepaperandmovingbetweendifferentcomputers,itisbesttokeepacopyofyourreferencelibrary
withyourpaper.Thatw
ayyouwillalways accessthesamelibrarywheninsertingcitations.Ifyouseparatelyaddreferencestoa
copyofthelibraryathomeandtoadifferentversionatwork,recordnumbersmaynotmatchupcorrectlya
ndEndNotemayhave
torelyontheTravelingLibraryforreferenceinformation.Thatisnotnecessarilybad,butyouwanttomakesurethatanylibrary
editsarereflectedinyourWorddocument.
Ifyouareinsertingcitationsononlyonemachine,itisfinetomovethedocumentitselftoothermachinesaslongasyouwillbe
accessingt hedocumentwiththesameversionofWord.
Note:Ify ouarecollaboratingwithotherauthors,youwillwanttorelyontheTravelingLibrary.
Related Topics:
RemovingF
ieldCodes
SavingF
ilesforOtherVersionsofWordandOtherWordProcessors
SharingY
ourWordDocuments
TheTravelingL
ibrary
UnformattingC
itations
Saving Files for Other Versions of Word and Other Word Processors
FormattedcitationsareWord"fields"specifictotheversiono
fWordthatcreatedthemandtheothercompatibleversions(Word
2003,2007,and2010).Ifyouopenyourdocumentwithadifferentv ersionofWord,orusetheSaveAscommandtosaveaformattedcopyofy ourpaperinanotherformat,youmaylosetheabilitytoformatcitationsinthatdocument.
Ifyouplantouseyourdocumentwithadifferentwordprocessor,ad
ifferentversionofMicrosoftWord,oronaMacintosh
machine,youshouldeitherUnformatCitationsorRemoveFieldCodes(ConverttoPlainTextinW
ord2007and2010)fromthe
Wordfilebeforeconvertingthedocumenttotheotherfileformat.
l Unformatting Citations:Unformattedc itationsareregulartext;however,theyaretemporaryplaceholderst hatdonot
reflectfinaloutput.SeeUnformattingC
itations.Youmaybeabletounformatcitations,savethedocumenta
sanRTFfile,
anduseFormatPapertoformatcitationsfromtheseplaceholders.
l Removing Field Codes:Whenyouremovefieldcodes,yousaveacopyo
fthedocumentandconvertformattedfieldsto
regularformattedtext.Graphicsarenolongerlinked,butaresavedasthoughyouhadu
sedtheCopyandPastecommands.Thecopyreflectsfinal,formattedo
utput,butyoucannotreformatlater.SeeRemovingF
ieldCodes.
Note:CiteW
hileYouWritecodesaredirectlycompatiblebetweenW ord2003,2007,and2010.Becausereferencedataiskept
witheachf ormattedcitation,youcancollaboratewithotherauthorsonapaperw ithouteachauthorhavingthesameEndNote
library.
Forinformationaboutusingy ourWorddocumentwithOpenOffice.orgWriter,seeMovingDocumentsb
etweenWordandWriter.
Related Topics:
RemovingF
ieldCodes
SharingY
ourWordDocuments
TheTravelingL
ibrary
UnformattingC
itations
Workingo
nDifferentComputers
Submitting the Final Paper to a Publisher (Microsoft Word)

Manypublishersaskthatyousubmitanelectroniccopyofyourpaperinadditiontoaprintedcopy.Becausethefieldcodesinyour
documentm
aybeincompatiblewiththepublishingsoftware,youmaybeaskedtos ubmitacopyofyourpaperwithoutfield
codes,asdescribedinRemovingF
ieldCodes.
Removing Field Codes

YoumayneedtoremoveCiteWhileYouWritefieldc odesinordertoshareyourdocumentwithapublisherorcolleague.
l Ifyourcolleagueisusingthesameversiono
fWordthatyouare,youcanshareyourformatteddocumentasis;thedocumentincludesaTravelingL
ibrary,whichincludesallrequiredinformationfortheformattedc itationsandbibliography.
l Ifyourcolleagueisusingadifferentwordp
rocessororanincompatibleversionofWord,youcouldremovefieldc odesto
shareyourfinaldocument.However,removingfieldcodess avestheformattedcitationsandbibliographyastext,anddoes
nota
llowreformatting.
l RemovingfieldcodesmeansdeletingWordsCiteW
hileYouWritefieldcodesandsavingtheformattedcitationsandbibliographyastext.ThisremovesonlyCiteWhileYouWritefieldc odes,andnotallotherWordfieldcodes.
l Whenfieldcodesareremoved,in-textfigurec itationsarenolongerlinkedtoanEndNotereferenceortothefigurelist.In-
textfigurecitationsbecomeplaintext. PicturesinthefigurelistbecomeGIFfilesasthoughtheyw
erecopiedandpasted
intothedocument.
l BecauseEndNoteandCiteWhileYouWritecannotreformatorunformatyourpaperoncefieldcodesareremoved,the
RemoveFieldCodescommand(ConverttoPlainTextinWord2007)makesa
copyofyourdocumentwithoutcodes.
Note:Ifyouarew
orkingwithmasterandsubdocumentsinWord,theRemoveFieldCodesorC
onverttoPlainT
extcommand
warnsthatitwillstripcodesfromtheoriginald
ocuments.Youshouldfirstmanuallysavecopiesofthemasterandsubdocuments,a
ndthenremovecodesfromthecopies.
Toremovefieldcodesandsavetheformattedcitationsandbibliographya
stext:
1. OpenyourformattedWorddocument.
IfyouareworkingwithMasterandSubdocuments,workwithcopies ofy ourdocuments.
2. Word 2003:F
romtheToolsmenu,gototheEndNoteX6submenuandselectRemoveFieldC odes.
Word 2007:O
ntheEndNotetab,intheBibliographygroup,selectConvertC
itationsandBibliographyandthenConvertto
PlainText.A
copyofthedocument,withoutfieldcodes,appearsinanewdocumentwindow.
3. Word 2003:F
romtheFilemenu,selectSavetosavedocument.
Word 2007:C
licktheOfficeiconandthenSave.
4. Single document:InWordsSaveAsdialog,typeanewnameforthiscopyofyourdocumentandclickOK.
Master and Subdocuments:Youmaybeadvisedtosaveacopyofthem
asterandeachsubdocument.
Wordsavesyourdocumentwithoutembeddedformattingcodes,soyoucans ubmityourpapertoapublisherorshareyourfinal
paperwithacolleagueu
singadifferentwordprocessor(includingadifferentversionofWord).
Note:ThecopydoesnotcontainCiteWhileYouWritefieldcodes,soyoucannotreformatw
ithCiteWhileYouWrite.Toreformat,startwiththeoriginaldocument,w
hichretainsfieldcodes.
IfyoufindthatremovingEndNotefieldcodes producesundesiredlayouto
rotherformattingchangestoyourdocument,youcan
removeallMicrosoftW
ordfieldcodes,whichmayyieldbetterresults.
ToremoveallMicrosoftWordfieldcodes:
1. Firstsaveabackupcopyofyourdocument,becauset hiswillirretrievablyremovethelinksbetweenyourdocumentand
yourEndNotelibrariesaswellasallotherWordfieldcodes.
2. SelectalltextinthedocumentbypressingC trl+A.
3. PressCtrl+
6toremoveallMicrosoftWordfieldcodesfromthedocument(notjustCiteWhileYouWritecodes!)andleave
thetext,citations,andb
ibliographyastheyappear.
Related Topics:
SavingF
SharingY
ourWordDocuments
ShowingW
ordProcessorCodes
TheTravelingL
ibrary
UnformattingC
itations
Workingo
nDifferentComputers
OpenOffice.org Writer/Cite While You Write

Overview of the Cite While You Write Process (OpenOffice.org Writer)
UseCiteWhileYouWrite(CWYW)withOpenOffice.orgversion3Writertoeasilyandquicklycitereferencesandcreatea
paperwithp
roperlyformattedcitationsandabibliography.CiteW hileYouWritegivesyouaccesstoEndNotereferencesandformattingc ommandswithanEndNotemenuinOpenOffice.orgWriter.
citationintothedocument.Then,youcanformatthecitationandabibliographyaccordingtoanyone
Youcanstartbyinsertinga
ofthousandsofstyles.
Word Processor Compatibility (OpenOffice.org Writer)

YoucanCiteWhileYouW
ritewithOpenOffice.orgversion3Writer.OpenOffice.orgWriterdisplaysCiteWhileYouWritecommandsonanEndNotemenu.
IfyouuseMicrosoftWordasyourwordprocessor,seeHowtoCiteWhileYouWritewithMicrosoftWord.
IfyouuseawordprocessorotherthanMicrosoftWordorOpenOffice.orgW
riter,oranolderversionofthesewordprocessors,
saveyourdocumenta
sanRTFfileanduseFormatP
aper.
Note:Onlyonew
ordprocessoratatimeshouldbeopenwheninsertingcitationsandformattingdocuments.
How to Cite While You Write (OpenOffice.org Writer)

Thebasicstepsrequiredtociteareferenceandgenerateabibliographyw
ithOpenOffice.orgversion3Writeraresummarized
below.
ToCiteWhileYouWrite:
1. OpentheEndNotelibraryorlibrariesthatcontaint hereferencesyouwishtocite.
2. StartOpenOffice.orgWriterandopenthepapery ouarewriting.
3. Whenyouarereadytociteasource,positionthec ursorinthetextwhereyouwouldliketoputthecitation.
4. InOpenOffice.orgWriter,gototheEndNotemenua
ndselectFindCitation(s).AnEndNoteFindCitationsdialogappears,
whichshowsthepreviouss earchresults.
Note:IfthisisthefirsttimeyouhaveusedtheFindCitationsdialog,itmaybecompletelyblankbecausetherearenoprevioussearchresultstod
isplay.
5. IntheFindbox,enteridentifyingtextforEndNotetolocatetheappropriatereference.Thiscouldbeanauthorslastname,
ayear,akeyword,oranyothercombinationoftermsfoundinthereference.
6. ClickSearchandEndNotecomparestheidentifyingtexttoyourEndNotereferencesandthenliststhematchingreference(s).
7. Identify,highlight,andInserttheappropriatereference(s).
8. Gobacktostep3toinsertthenextcitation,a
ndcontinuecitingreferencesthisway.
Note:E
achtimeyouinsertacitationitisinstantlyformatted,andabibliographyisupdatedattheendofyourdocument.
Whenyouaredoneinsertingcitations,y ourdocumentisdone!
9. Ifyourcitationsarenotautomaticallyformatted,a
ndabibliographyisnotupdatedeachtimeyouinsertacitation,g
otothe
EndNotemenuandselectFormatBibliography.
AFormatBibliographydialogappears,whereyoucanchange,orsimplyv erify,thestyleandlayoutofthebibliography.
(YoucanFormatB
ibliographyatanytimeinordertochangethestyleorlayoutofy ourcitationsandbibliography.)
Note:T
hedialogliststhestylesthatarecurrentlyselectedasyour"favorites"intheStyleManager.Ifyouneedtochoose
astylethatisnotinthelist,clickBrowsetolocateit.
10. ClickOK.EndNotescansyourpaperand,usingthes electedstyle,formatsanytemporarycitations,reformatsformatted
citations,andappendsabibliographytotheendofyourpaper.
Yourpaperisreadyforpublication!
Notes about OpenOffice.org Writer

Installing Cite While You Write Support (OpenOffice.org Writer)
EndNotesinstallationprograminstallsCiteWhileYouWritesupportforOpenOffice.orgversion3Writer.IfyouinstalledtheOpenOfficesuitea
fterinstallingEndNote,youmusteitherreinstallEndNoteorRepairo
rModifyyourinstallation.Formoreinformation,seeNoE
ndNotecommandsinWordorWriter.
EndNotecommandsappearonanEndNoteX6menuinOpenOffice.orgWriter.
Cite While You Write Commands (OpenOffice.org Writer)

nanEndNotemenuinOpenOffice.orgWriter.
WhenyouselectanEndNotecommandfromthemenu,theEndNoteprograms tarts(ifnotalreadyrunning).
ThesearebriefdescriptionsoftheCiteWhileYouWritecommandsfoundo
ntheEndNotemenuinOpenOffice.orgWriter:
l Find Citation(s)S
earchforEndNotereferencestoselectandinsertascitationsinyourOpenOffice.orgdocument.See
Findinga
ndInsertingCitations.
l Go To EndNoteBringE
ndNotetothefrontofyourscreen.ThiscommandlaunchesEndNoteifitisnotalreadyrunning.
l Format BibliographyFormat(orreformat)yourpaperaccordingtotherulesoftheselectedstyle.T
heformattingprocess
replacesthetemporarycitationsinyourpaperw
ithformattedcitations,andbuildsabibliographyattheendofthedocument.SeeFormattingtheBibliography.
l Insert Selected Citations Inserta
citationforeachreferencecurrentlyselectedintheopenEndNotelibrary.Youcan
insertanynumberofconsecutivein-textcitations;h
owever,attemptingtoinserthundredsofEndNotereferencesatone
timemaycauseasystemslowdownorfreezing.SeeInsertingSelectedCitations.
l Edit CitationsEditexistingindividualormultiplecitations.Youcanomitauthorand/ory earfromcitations,oraddprefixor
suffixtext(suchaspagenumbers)tocitations.SeeEditingCitations.
l Unformat Citation(s)Unformata
selectedcitationbeforeeditingit,orunformatthewholedocument.T
hisremovesstyle
formattingfortheselectedcitations,andleavest emporarycitationswhichusuallyconsistoftheauthorslastname,the
itations.
year,andtherecordnumbersurroundedbydelimiters.SeeUnformattingC
l Cite While You Write Preferences ChangegeneralCiteWhileYouW
ritepreferences.SeeSettingC iteWhileYouWrite
Preferences.
l HelpDisplayh
elpaboutCiteWhileYouWritefeatures.
YoucanalsousethecorrespondingEndNoteX
6toolbarinOpenOffice.orgWriterforeasyaccess.Holdyourmousepointerover
anicontoviewatooltip.
Note:S
everalCiteWhileYouWritecommandsalsoappearontheToolsmenuinE
ndNote.Tousethesecommandsfromwithin
EndNote,youmustuseatleastoneCiteWhileYouWritecommandfromwithinOpenOffice.orgWriterduringt hecurrentsession.
Citing Sources as You Write

Forms of Citations (OpenOffice)
A"citation"isthebrief bibliographicinformationinthebodyofapaperthatrefersthereadertoacompletereferenceinthebibliography.Acitationtypicallyconsistsofabibliographyn
umberortheauthorandyearinparentheses:
Citationscanappearaseitherunformattedo
rformattedinyourOpenOffice.orgWriterdocument.
Unformatted (Temporary) Citations

Anunformattedcitationisatemporaryplaceholder,anddoesnotreflectfinaloutput.ItwillappearwhenyouUnformatCitation(s)
ormanuallyenterunformattedcitations.Itcontainsinformationtofinda
unique,correspondingEndNotereferenceinthecurrently
openlibrary.
Anunformattedcitationtypicallyconsistsofthefirstauthorslastname,year,andtheEndNoterecordnumber,withcitationdelimitersate
achendtoidentifythetext:
{Author,Year#RecordNumber}.
Forexample:
{Alvarez,1994#
8}
Theunformattedcitationmakesiteasytoidentifytherecordcited.E
venifyourfinalgoalisnumericcitations,youcanseemeaningfulinformationw
hileyouareworkingonyourdocument.
EndNotereliesonthesetemporarycitationstodeterminewhichreferencestoincludeinthebibliography.
Formatted Citations
TheFormatBibliographycommandusesanoutputstyletoconvertallu
nformattedcitationsintoformattedcitations,andreflects
finaloutput.
FormattedcitationsincludehiddeninformationincaseyouwanttoFormatB
ibliographyagainlater,eitherafteraddingmorecitationsorbecausey ouwanttoformatinadifferentstyle.
CitationsformattedinanAuthor-Datestylemightlooklikethis:
(Alvarez1994;
ThisisthesamecitationformattedintheNumberedstyle:
[1,2]
Youcaneasilyrevertfromformattedcitationstounformattedcitationsa
tanytime.SeeUnformattingCitations.
Finding and Inserting Citations (OpenOffice.org Writer)

YoucansearchforEndNotereferencesandinsertthemwithouteverleavingOpenOffice.orgWriter.
ThisistheeasiestwaytofindandinsertacitationintoanOpenOffice.orgW
riterdocument:
1. OpentheEndNotelibrariesthatcontainthereferencesy ouwishtocite.
2. OpentheOpenOffice.orgWriterdocumentandpositionthecursoratthelocationwhereyouwouldlikethecitation.
3. FromtheEndNoteX6menu,selectFindCitation(s)todisplaytheEndNoteFindCitationsd
ialog.
4. Inthe"Find"textbox,entertexttoidentifythereferenceyouwishtocite.EndNoteassumesan"and"b
etweeneachword,
andwillsearchallfieldsinyourrecords.
5. ClickSearch,andEndNotecomparesthetexttotextinyourEndNotereferencesandliststhematchingreference(s).
6. Identify,highlight,andInserttheappropriatereference(s).Ifnoreferencesmatchyourtext,youneedtomodifyyoursearch
textandclickSearchagain.
Citationsareinserteddirectlyintoyourpaperinthesamefontasthesurroundingtext.Onceacitationisinserted,itcontainsreferenceinformationinhiddencodes.
Youcaninsertcitationsinanexistingmanuscript orasyouwrite.R
emembertosaveyourdocumentasyouwork.
Toformatyourcitationsandgenerateabibliography,seeFormattingtheBibliography.
Inserting Selected Citations (OpenOffice.org Writer)

ToinsertreferencesselectedinEndNote:
1. OpentheOpenOffice.orgWriterdocumentandpositionthecursoratthelocationwhereyouwouldlikethecitation.
2. GototheEndNoteX6menuandselectGotoEndNote.
3. Highlightthedesiredreference(s)inyourEndNotelibrary.
4. SwitchbacktotheOpenOffice.orgWriterdocument.
5. FromtheEndNotemenu,selectInsertSelectedCitation(s).
Finding and Inserting from Highlighted Text (OpenOffice.org Writer)

Tofindandinsertacitationfromhighlightedtext:
1. Asyouaretyping,entertexttoidentifythereferencey ouwishtocite,andhighlightthattext.
2. FromtheEndNoteX6menu,selectFindCitation(s)todisplaytheEndNoteFindCitationsd
ialog.
EndNoteinsertsyourhighlightedtextintotheFindbox.UsetheFindC itation(s)dialogasdescribedinFindingandInsertingCitations.
Using Drag-and-Drop or Copy and Paste (OpenOffice.org Writer)

YoucandragselectedcitationsfromyourEndNotelibraryanddropthemintoyourpaperatthedesiredlocationforthecitation.
YoucanalsocopycitationsfromtheEndNoteLibrarywindowandpastet hemintothedocument(usingCopyfromEndNotesEdit
menuandthenPastefromtheOpenOffice.orgclipboard).
Inserting Multiple Citations (OpenOffice.org Writer)

Thereareseveralwaystoinsertmultiplereferencesinonein-textc itation.Whenformatted,theyappearasonemultiplecitation,
sorteda
syourbibliographicstylerequires:
Unformatted:{Hall,1
988#77;Baker,1988#16}
Formatted:(Baker,1
988;Hall,1988)
Youcaninsertanynumberofconsecutivein-textcitations;however,a
ttemptingtoinserthundredsofEndNotereferencesatone
timemaycauseasystemslowdownorfreezing.
Note:Ifoneoft hecitationsinamultiplecitationisnotmatchedduringformatting,theentirecitationremainsunformatted.
ToinsertmultiplecitationsfromwithinOpenOffice.orgWriter:
1. FromtheEndNoteX6menu,selectFindCitation(s).
2. Enteragenericsearchtermthatwillfindthereferencesyouwant,andclickSearch.
3. HolddowntheCtrlkeywhileclickingonthedesiredreferencesinthelist(orholddowntheShiftkeytoselectacontinuous
rangeofreferences)inordertohighlightthereferences.
4. ClickInsert.
ToinsertmultipleselectedcitationsfromEndNote:
1. InEndNote,holddowntheCtrlkeywhileclickingonthedesiredreferencesinyourlibrary(orholddowntheShiftk eyto
selectacontinuousrangeofreferences).
2. SwitchbacktotheOpenOffice.orgWriterdocument.
3. FromtheEndNoteX6menu,selectInsertSelectedC
itation(s).
Toinsertmultiplecitationsindividually:
Anotheroptionistoinsertcitationsindividually,butimmediatelyn
exttoeachother.CiteWhileYouWritemerges adjacentcitationsduringformatting.Citationsdonotmergeifanyc haracterseparatesthemincludingaspaceorpunctuationmark.
Unformatted:{Hall,1988#
77}{Baker,1988#16}
Note:Youcanaddc itationstoanexistingin-textcitation,orchangetheorderofcitationsw
ithinthedelimiterswiththeEditCitationsdialog.
Toinsert,remove,oreditcitationswithinanexistingin-textcitation:
1. Clicko
ntheformattedcitation.
2. InOpenOffice.orgW
riter,gototheEndNoteX6menuandthenEditCitation(s)todisplaytheEndNoteEditCitationdialog.
Allofthecitedreferencesinthedocumentarelistedintheleftc olumnofthedialog.Anellipsesshowswhereacitation
appearswithint ext.Thelinebelowshowsthecitedreference(s)
3. Highlightacitation,andthen:
a. ClickRemovetodeleteit.
b. ClickInserttoinsertanotherc itationwithinthesamesetofdelimiters.
c. Usethearrowbuttonstochangetheorderofthecitationinamultiplecitation.(IfaCitationSortO
rderisappliedbythecurrentoutputstyle,changingtheorderofc itationsinamultiplecitationhasnoeffect.)
YoucanusetheotherfeaturesonthisdialogasdescribedinCustomizingIndividualCitations.
Inserting From Multiple Libraries (OpenOffice.org Writer)

Youcancitereferencesfrommultiplelibraries.Simply opentheselectedlibrariesbeforeyoubegininsertingcitations.
Ifpossible,though,werecommendthatyouuseasinglelibrarywhenw
ritingapaper.Keepingallofyourreferencesinonelibrary
simplifiesthewritingprocessbecauseyouknowexactlywheretofindeachreference,thereislittlelikelihoodofduplicatereferences,andyouonlyneedtohaveonelibraryopenwheninsertingcitations.
Note:Ifyouplantoinsertcitationsfrommorethanonelibraryintoapaper,readaboutt heMergeDuplicatesinBibliographyp
reference.
Customizing Individual Citations (OpenOffice.org Writer)

Theremaybecaseswhereyouwantindividualcitationstodifferfromt hestandardformat.Youmaywanttoremovetheyearor
authorfromac itationifeitherwasmentionedinthecontextofthesentence.Or,youm
ightwanttoaddapagereferenceorcommentbeforeorafterthecitation.
Forexample,assumeaformattedcitationlookslikethis:
Hallsdiscovery(Hall,1988)
Youcanomittheauthorsnamefromthec itation:
Hallsdiscovery(1988)
Youcanomitthedatefromthecitation:
the1
988discovery(Hall)
Youcanaddasuffixwithpagenumbertot hecitation:
thed
iscovery(Hall,1988p.4)
Youcanaddaprefixtothecitation:
thed
iscovery(seeHall,1988)
Tocustomizeaformattedcitation:
1. Insertandformatthec itation.
2. Clickontheformattedc itation.
3. FromtheEndNotem
enu,selectEditCitation(s)todisplaytheEndNoteEditCitationdialog.Allofthecitedreferencesinthe
documentarelistedintheleftc olumnofthedialog.Anellipsesshowswhereacitationappearswithintext.Thelinebelow
showsthecitedreference(s).
4. Highlightt hecitationyouwanttocustomize.
5. Customizea
sneeded:
Exclude Year:Selectthistoomitthedatefromtheformattedcitation.
Prefix:Entertextheretoprintimmediatelybeforethecitationtext(spacesaresignificant).
Suffix:Entertextheretoprintafterthecitationtext(spacesaresignificant).Youcanenterpagenumbershereify oualways
wantthemtoprintafterthecitation.
Pages: Pagenumbersenteredhereareconsideredenteredintoa"CitedPages"field,sotheycanbemanipulatedonoutput
justlikeanyotherEndNotefield.Inordertoprint,theCitedP
agesfieldmustbelistedinthecitationtemplateand/orfootnote
templateofyouroutputstyle.Thisistypicallyusedtoprintthep
agenumberswithinafullfootnotecitation.MostEndNote
stylesthatrequireaspecialformatforcitationsinfootnotesarealreadyc onfiguredthisway.YoucanmodifytheCitationTemplateinyouro
utputstyletoincludeCitedPages.
6. ClickO
Ktoimplementthechange(s)tothec itation.
Inserting Citations into a Formatted Paper (OpenOffice.org Writer)

Ifyouneedtoaddoneormorecitationstoapaperthathasalreadyb
eenformatted,simplyinsertthenewcitationsintothetext
(asdescribede
arlierinthischapter)andselectFormatBibliographywhenyouarereadytoupdatethebibliographyandcitations.
Toaddanewreferencetoanexistingcitation,insertthenewreferencen
extto(notwithin)theexistingcitation,likethis:
(HockneyandEllis,1
996){Argus,1984#1}
Adjacentcitationsaremergedduringformatting,andtheformattedcitationsa
resortedaccordingtothestyle:
(Argus,1984;Hockneya
ndEllis,1996)
Note:Donotinserta
citationintothemiddleofaformattedcitation.Insertitimmediatelyb
eforeoraftertheexistingcitation,with
nospacebetweenthem.
Citing References in Footnotes and Endnotes (OpenOffice.org Writer)

OnceyouhavecreatedafootnoteorendnoteinOpenOffice.orgWriter,youcancitereferencesinthatfootnoteorendnotejustlike
youcitetheminthebodyofthedocument.
Tociteareferenceinafootnoteorendnote:
1. UsetheappropriatecommandinOpenOffice.orgWritertocreatethefootnoteorendnote.(EndNoted
oesnotcreatethe
footnoteorendnoteinthedocument,butisusedtoinsertandformatcitationsinthenote.)
2. Positionthecursorinthefootnoteorendnotewhereyouwouldlikethecitation(s)toappear.
3. Insertthecitationasyounormallywould.
TheEndNotestylethatisselectedwhenyouchooseFormatBibliographydetermineshowcitationsinfootnotesandendnotesare
formatted.EndNotecanformatthesecitationsasbriefin-textcitationsorlikecompletereferencesinthebibliography.Itcanalso
createaspecialformatspecifictofootnotesorendnotes,includingoptionslike"Ibid."andothervariationsofshortenedreferenceswhenacitationappearsmorethanonceinthefootnotesorendnotes.SeeBibliographyandFootnoteTemplates.
Ifyouarecitingfullreferencesinfootnotes,youcanincludespecificp
agenumberstobeformattedlikearegularEndNotefield.
itingSpecificPageN umbersinFootnotes.
SeeCustomizingIndividualCitations.Or,ifyouaremanuallytypingcitations,seeC

Typing Citations into Your Paper (OpenOffice.org Writer)
Manuallyenteringcitationsisthesamewhetheryoua
reusingCiteWhileYouWritewithOpenOffice.orgWriter,orCiteWhileYou
WritewithMicrosoftWord,orFormatPaperwithanRTFfile.Seethesetopics:
l NotesA
l Componentso
faTemporaryCitation
l OmittingA
l CitationP
refixes
l CitationS
uffixes
l IncludingSemicolons&OtherCitationDelimitersinaCitation
l Exampleso
fModifiedCitations
Changing Existing Citations

Editing Citations (OpenOffice.org Writer)
Onceyouhaveinsertedandformattedacitation,youshouldnotedititdirectly(althoughyoucandoso,ifyoufeelyoumust).
Directeditsa
relostthenexttimeEndNoteformatsthebibliography.
YoucanalmostalwaysgetEndNotetoformatyourcitationsexactlytoy ourspecificationsbyeditingthestyle,theEndNotereference,orthec itation(asdescribedhere).
Note:AneasywaytoomittheAuthororDatefromanindividualcitationistoselectthec itation,right-clickwithyourmouse,
selectEditCitation(s)a
ndthenExcludeAuthororExcludeYear.
Tosafelyeditaformattedcitation:
1. Clickonthecitationy ouwishtochange.
2. FromtheEndNotemenu,s electEditCitation(s)todisplaytheEndNoteEditCitationdialog.Allofthecitedreferencesinthe
documentarelistedintheleftc olumnofthedialog.Anellipsesshowswhereacitationappearswithintext.Thelinebelow
showsthecitedreferences.
3. Selecttheappropriatec itationfromthelistattheleftofthedialog(youcanscrollthrougha
llcitationsinthedocument)and
makeanyofthefollowingchangestothehighlightedcitation:
Exclude Year:Selectthistoomitthedatefromtheformattedcitation.
Prefix:Entertextheretoprintimmediately beforethecitationtext(spacesaresignificant).
Suffix:Entertextheretoprintafterthecitationtext(spacesaresignificant).
Pages: EnterpagenumbersheretoprintasCitedPages.T
oprint,theCitedPagesfieldmustbelistedinthecitationtemplateo
rfootnotetemplateoftheoutputstyle.
4. Youc anaddorremovecitationsfromamultiplecitation,orchangetheo
rderofcitations.
Insert:Usethistoaddanothercitationwithinthes amesetofdelimiters.
Remove:HighlightacitationandclickRemovetodeleteitfromthein-textcitation.
Up and Down Arrows:Highlightareferenceandusethea
rrowstochangetheorderofdisplay.(IfaCitationSortO
rderis
appliedbythecurrentoutputstyle,usingthisdialogtoc hangetheorderofcitationsinamultiplecitationhasnoeffect.)
5. ClickO
Ktoimplementyourchange(s).
Aftermakingchanges,selectFormatBibliographyto(re)formatthenewo
rmodifiedcitationsandregeneratethebibliography.
Unformatting Citations (OpenOffice.org Writer)

Unformattingrevertsformattedcitationstotemporarycitationsandremovesthebibliography.
Ifyourcitationsareformattedinanumberedstyle,youcanunformaty ourpapertoeasily identifycitationsasyouwork.Youcan
FormatB
ibliographyagainlater.
Note:YoumusthavethecorrespondingEndNotelibraryopeninordertoformatthepapera
gain.
Tounformatcitations:
1. Determinewhichcitationsyouwanttou
nformat:
l Tounformataparticularcitation,highlightonlythatcitation.
l Ifthecitationyouwanttounformatisparto
famultiplecitation,highlightthemultiplecitation.Allcitationsw
ithinthedelimiterswillbeunformatted.
l Tounformatasectionofthedocument,highlightthatsection.
l Tounformattheentiredocument,eitherselectn
othingorhighlighttheentiredocument.
2. FromtheEndNoteX6menu,selectUnformatC
itation(s).Ifyouareunformattingtheentiredocument,thisunformatsallof
thein-textcitationsandremovesthecurrentbibliography.
Youcantellwhenapaperisunformattedbecausethecitationsappearinthetemporarycitationformat(suchas"{Smith,1999
#25}").
Unformattedcitationsaretemporaryplaceholdersthatdonotreflectfinaloutput.Youcanformatthepaperagainatanytime.
Note:Toformaty ourpaperagain,gotheEndNoteX6menuandselectFormatBibliography.
Moving or Copying Citations (OpenOffice.org Writer)

Youcanhighlightanytextthatincludescitations,thenusetheClipboardc ommandstoCutorCopyandthenPasteitelsewhere
inthedocument.Youc andothiswithformattedortemporary(unformatted)citations.
Tomoveorcopyonlythecitationitself,makesureyouhighlighttheentirecitation(includinganysurroundingdelimiters)aswell
asanextrac haracterbeforeandafterthecitation.Includingthecharactersbeforeandafterthecitationensuresthatyouinclude
thehiddenbookmarkassociatedw
iththecitation.(Ifthehiddenbookmarkisnotpartoftheselection,y ouwillcopyplaintext,and
notanEndNotecitation.)ThenCutorCopya
ndPasteitelsewhereinthedocument.
Deleting Citations (OpenOffice.org Writer)

Todeleteanunformattedcitation,simply highlighttheentirecitation(includingdelimiters),andpresstheBackspaceorDelete
key.
Whileitispossibletohighlightaformattedcitationandsimply presstheDeletekeyonyourkeyboard,wedonotrecommendyou
dothat.Ifyoud
onotcompletelydeletethecitationanditsassociatedbookmark,youc ouldcorruptyourdocument.
Tosafelydeleteaformattedcitation:
1. InOpenOffice.orgWriter,highlightthecitationy ouwanttodelete.
2. FromtheEndNoteX6menu,selectEditCitation(s)t odisplaytheEndNoteEditCitationdialog.
Note:Allofthecitedreferencesinthedocumentarelistedintheleftc olumnofthedialog.Anellipsesshowswhereacitation
appearswithint ext.Thelinebelowshowsthecitedreference(s).Thecitationyouhighlightedinthedocumentshouldbehighlightedinthelist.
3. Intheleftcolumn,makesurethehighlightedcitationistheoneyouwanttodelete.Ifthecitationispartofamultiplecitation,
makesureyouselectjustthecitationyouwanttodelete.
4. ClickRemove.
5. ClickOK.
Generating Bibliographies
Generating Bibliographies (OpenOffice.org Writer)
Formattingabibliographyservestwofunctions:
l Itformatseachin-textcitationaccordingtotheselectedbibliographicstyle.
l Itaddsacompletebibliographytothedocument(unlessyouoverridethiswithasettingintheoutputstyle).
Theformatusedforcitationsandreferencesisdeterminedbytheoutputs tyleselected.
Whenyouhavefinishedwritingyourpaper,andallofyourEndNotecitationsh
avebeeninsertedintothetext,youarereadyfor
EndNotetoformatthepaperandgenerateabibliography.Thiscanbedoneinoneofthesew ays:
l InstantFormattingactuallyworksasyouinsertc itations,andisenabledwhenyoufirststartusingCiteWhileYouW
rite.
EndNoteusesthecurrentlyselectedstyletoformatcitationsa
ndupdatethebibliographyeachtimeacitationisinserted.
However,ifyouwanttochangethestyleorlayoutofreferences,youcanusetheFormatBibliographycommand.
l FormatBibliographyallowsyoutomodify bibliographyp
references suchasstyleandlayoutbeforeformattingyourdocument.
FromtheEndNotemenu,selectFormatBibliography.
Thesearethebasicformattinginstructions:
1. InOpenOffice.orgWriter,gototheEndNoteX6m
enuandselectFormatBibliography.
2. OntheFormatBibliographytab,usethe"Withoutputstyle"optiontoselectanoutputstyletoformatreferences.I tisokay
toexperimentwithdifferentstylesbecauseyoucansimplyreformatagain.
3. ClickOKtoformatallcitationsandbuildtheb
ibliography.
Formatting the Bibliography and/or Changing Bibliography Settings (OpenOffice.org Writer)

Youmaybehalfwaythroughinsertingcitations,oryoumayhavefinishedw
ritingyourpaper.Aslongasyouhavecitations
enteredinyourdocument,y oucanformatyourpaperatanytime.Youcanreformatafteraddingmorec itationsortochangethe
styleorlayoutsettings.
Note:Eachtimea
citationisformatted,thecorrespondingEndNotelibrarymustbeopen.
Toformatcitationsandgenerateabibliography:
riter,gototheEndNoteX6menuandselectFormatBibliography.
2. OntheF
ormatBibliographytab,changeorverifythesesettings
With output style:Selecttheappropriateoutputstyletoformatreferences.Youcanexperimentbyreformattingwithvariousoutputstyles.Toaddmoreoutputstylestothelist,seeAddingStylestotheOutputStylesList.
Temporary citation delimiters:Thesearetheopeninga
ndclosingdelimitersfortemporarycitations.Makesuretheyare
uniquedelimiters,andnotcharactersyouwouldnormallyuseinyourp
aper.Thedefaultsarecurlybraces.
Link in-text citation to reference in the bibliography:Selectthischeckboxtoviewin-textcitationsinaWorddocument.Cleartheselectiontoremovelinkedin-textcitationsinthebibliographyo
fyourpaperinWord.
Underline linked in-text citations:Selectthisoptiontoaddu
nderlinestoin-textcitations.Clearthecheckboxtoremove
underlinesfromin-textcitationsinyourpaper.Thisoptionisonlyavailableifthe"Linkedin-textcitationtoreferenceinthe
bibliographyisturnedon.
3. OntheLayouttab,changeorverifythesesettings:
Font and Size:Thesearethetextfontandsizeusedforthebibliography.
Bibliography title:Toprintatitleatthetopofyourbibliography,typethetitleinthistextbox.
Text Format:HighlightthebibliographytitletextandthenusetheTextFormatbuttontodisplayadialogwhereyoucan
changetheformatofthehighlightedtext.
Start with bibliography number:Enterastartingreferencenumberifyouwanttonumberyourbibliography.
4.
5. ClickOKtosavechangesandformatyourcitationsandbibliography.
Note: Youdon
othavetoverify eachtabeverytimeyouformat.Ifallyouwanttod
oischangetheoutputstyle,selectFormat
Bibliography,selecttheo
utputstyleontheFormatBibliographytab,andclickOK.
Reformatting Papers (OpenOffice.org Writer)

Ifyouaddmorecitationstoyourpaperaftertheformattingprocess,y oucanupdatethecitationsandthebibliographybyselecting
theFormatBibliographycommandagain.
Note:Youdonotn
eedtounformatyourcitationsinordertoreformatthem.
Toreformatyourpaperinadifferentstyle:
1. InOpenOffice.orgWriter,gototheEndNoteX6menuandselectFormatBibliographya
gain.
2. SelectanewstylefromtheFormatBibliographyd
ialogandclickOK.
Yourcitationsandbibliographyareupdatedforthenewbibliographics tyle.SeeAddingStylest otheOutputStyles Listforinformationaboutexpandingthelistofavailablestyles.
Creating a Bibliography from Multiple Documents (OpenOffice.org Writer)

YoucanusetheOpenOffice.orgWriterMasterDocumentfeaturetogeneratea
singlebibliographyfrommultipledocuments.This
allowsyoutocreateacumulativebibliographyfromanynumberofbookchapters.
Togenerateasinglebibliography:
1. Ineachofyourdocuments,orchapters,inserty ourcitationstolinkthemtoreferencesinanEndNotelibrary.
2. Ineachdocument,gototheEndNoteX6menuandselectUnformatCitationstounformatallofthecitationsinthedocument.
3. Closeallofyourdocuments.
4. CreateaFile>New>Masterdocument.
5. Insertanddisplayeachofyourchaptersassubdocuments.(ChecktheOpenOffice.orgWriterhelpdocumentationifyou
needstep-by-stepinstructions.)
Note:IfyouhavecollapsedsubdocumentstohidetheircontentinOutlineview,makesureyouexpandtheminorderto
displaythecontentsofallsubdocumentsb
eforecontinuing.
6. FromtheEndNoteX6menu,selectFormatBibliography.
Note:Y
ourdocumentsmustallowread/writeaccess;theycannotbedesignatedR
ead-only(locked).
7. VerifytheformattingoptionsandclickOK.
EndNotecreatesthebibliography,usingcitationsfromthemasterdocumentandalldisplayedsubdocuments,andplacesitatthe
endofthemasterd
ocument.Youcanmovethebibliographyanywherewithinthemasterors ubdocuments,anditwillremainin
thatlocationevenwhenyoureformat.
Note:Ify ouselectWriter'sInsert>Filecommandandselectthe"Link"o
ptiontoinsertadocumentintothetext,EndNotewill
notformatthelinkeddocumentwhenyouformatthemaindocument.Thetextfromthelinkedd
ocumentwillbeskipped.
Directly Editing Bibliographies (OpenOffice.org Writer)

Itisalwaysbesttomakechangestoyourfinalbibliographybycorrectingt hedataintheEndNotelibrary,editingtheoutputstyle
youareusing,oraddingordeletingcitationsfromyourpaper.Then,aftermakingthen
ecessarychanges,formatthebibliography
toautomaticallymakethecorrections.
ItisnotalwayspossibleforEndNotetoformatthebibliographyexactlya
sneeded,soyoumightneedtomanuallyedittheformattedbibliography.Ifyoumustdothis,rememberthatifyoureformatapaperaftereditingthebibliography,EndNotewillnotpreserveyouredits.WhenEndNotereformatsabibliography,itdeletestheexistingoneandputsanewoneinitsp
lace.
Youcaneditthebibliographyasyouwouldanytext.Thebibliographymaybeshaded,butyoucanstilleditit.Ifyoulaterreformat
thepaper,y oureditswillbegone.
Youcanaddtextafterthebibliography,butmakesuretoputitwellaftertheendoftheformattedbibliographyoutsideofthebibliographyf ield.
emplatesforinstructionsabouteditingstyles.
SeeModifyingStyleT
Moving Bibliographies (OpenOffice.org Writer)

CiteWhileYouWritealwayscreatestheinitialbibliographyatthee
ndoftheOpenOffice.orgWriterdocumentthatithasformatted.Werecommendthatyouleavethebibliographyattheendofthedocument,butrealizethatisnotalwayspossible.Below
aresomeoptionsformovingthebibliographyt oadifferentlocationinyourpaper.
Note:Pleasebacku
pyourdocumentbeforeyoubegin!
Add Text After the Bibliography
Youmaywanttoaddtextafterthebibliography.Youcandothis,butmakesureyouarewellbeyondtheendofthebookmarked
bibliographyfield.Ifyouaddtexttothebibliographyfield,itwilldisappearthenextt imeyougenerateabibliography.
Copy and Paste the Bibliography

Youcancopyandpastethebibliography,butitgetstricky!First,h
ighlighttheentirebibliographyfieldbutmakesureyouinclude
thetwoparagraphmarkersbeforethestartofthebibliography(orthetwoparagraphmarkersbeforethebibliographytitle,ifyou
haveincludedo
ne),plusthecompletebibliography,plustheparagraphmarkerafterthebibliography.Then,Cutthebibliography
andPasteitinthenewlocation.
Note:Ifyouhaven
otselectedthecomplete,bookmarkedbibliographyfield,youwillhavec opiedandpastedplaintext.Thetext
inthenewlocationwillnevergetupdated,andthebibliographyintheoldlocationwillchangeasyouu
pdatecitationsorreformat
thebibliography.
Onceyouhavemovedthecomplete,bookmarkedbibliographyfieldtoad
ifferentlocationinthedocument,EndNotekeepsitthere
evenwhenyoureformatthepaper.
Deleting Bibliographies (OpenOffice.org Writer)

Todeleteabibliography,selectthebibliographyandthendeleteit.
Makesureyoudragthecursorfromthelineabovethebibliographytot heendofthebibliographyinordertoselecttheentirebibliographyf ield.PresstheBackspaceorDeletekey.Youcanalsocutthebibliographyifyouwanttopasteitsomewhereelse.
Setting Cite While You Write Preferences

Setting Cite While You Write Preferences (OpenOffice.org Writer)
ToaccessandsetCiteWhileYouWritepreferences:
InOpenOffice.orgWriter,gototheEndNoteX6menua
ndselectCiteWhileYouWritePreferences.
Open EndNote When Starting OpenOffice.org Writer
Selectthisitemtoalways openEndNotewhenyoustartOpenOffice.orgW riter.
Close EndNote When Leaving OpenOffice.org Writer
Selectthisitemtoalways closeEndNotewhenyouleaveOpenOffice.orgW
riter.ThisworksonlywhentheEndNoteprogram
waslaunchedwithoneo
ftheCiteWhileYouWritecommandsfromwithinWriterorifthe"OpenE
ndNoteWhenStartingWriter"
preferenceisselected.
ForinformationaboutotherEndNotepreferencesthatdirectlyaffectC
iteWhileYouWrite,seeRelatedE
ndNotePreferences.
Making Changes to the EndNote Library

Editing a Reference in the Library (OpenOffice.org Writer)
YoumayinsertacitationintoanOpenOffice.orgWriterdocument,andt henlatereditthecorrespondingreferenceinEndNote.Are
thosechangesreflectedinyourWriterdocument?
Yourcitationsandbibliographywillreflecttheeditsthenexttimey oureformatthepaperwiththeEndNotelibraryopen.Openyour
document,openyourEndNotelibrary,andselectFormatBibliographyfromtheEndNoteX6menuinOpenOffice.orgW riter.EndNotewillnotbeabletomaketheupdateifthelibraryisn
otopenduringformatting.
Note:Theauthorslastnameandthepublicationyeararebothusedtoidentifyareference,s ochangestotheseitemsinanEndNotereferencearenotreflectedint hein-textcitation.CiteWhileYouWritewillnolongeridentifyamatchb

etweenthecitation
andthereference.
Deleting a Reference from the Library (OpenOffice.org Writer)

Thefirsttimeacitationisformatted,EndNoteusesinformationfromt heunformattedcitationtolookintheopenlibraryandfind
thecorrespondingreference.Ifyoulaterreformat,EndNoteagainlooksinthelibraryforthatreference.
IfyouhavedeletedthecorrespondingreferencefromtheEndNotelibrary,E
ndNotewillnotbeabletofindthereferenceinformationforformatting.
Ifyouaddthereferencetothelibraryagain,itwillbeassignedad
ifferentrecordnumber.Youwouldneedtore-insertthecitation
withOpenOffice.orgWriter.
Record Numbers
EndNoteassignsauniquerecordnumbertoeachreferenceasitisaddedtoyourlibrary.Theserecordnumbersappearintemporarycitationstoe
nsurethatthecorrectreferenceisusedwhenthepaperisformatted:
{Argus,1991#11}
Keepthefollowingpoints aboutrecordnumbersinmind:
l EndNoteautomaticallyassignsarecordnumbers equentiallytoeachreferenceasitisaddedtoalibrary.
l Ifthesamereferenceappearsintwodifferentlibraries,therecordnumberswillmostlikelybedifferent.
l Recordnumbersareneverreusedorreassignedw ithinalibrary.Whenyoudeleteareference,thecorrespondingrecord
numberisneverusedagaininthatlibrary.
l Youcannotmodifyorreassignrecordnumbers.
l WerecommendthatyounotrelyonEndNotesrecordnumbersasameansoffilingornumberingyourofficereprints,
becauseyouhavenocontroloverthisnumber.Instead,enteryouro
wnuniquenumberintotheLabelfield,oranyCustom
field,andusethatnumberforyourreprints.
Ifyouaddthereferencetothelibraryagain,itwillbeassignedan
ew,differentrecordnumber,soEndNotestillwillnotbeableto
finditwhenformattingyourpaper.Youwillneedtoreinsertthecitationintothepaperusingthenewreferenceinyourlibrary.
Sharing Your Writer Documents

Sharing Your Writer Documents (OpenOffice.org Writer)
YoucandirectlyshareyourOpenOffice.org.ODTfileswithcolleagues.
Ifyouwanttoconvertyourdocumentforusewithapreviousversiono
fWriteroradifferentwordprocessor,youshouldUnformat
Citationsbeforesavinginthedifferentfileformat.Then,youmaybeabletoreformat.T
hecorrespondingEndNotelibrary(or
libraries)mustbeavailableino
rdertoformat.
Ofcourse,ifyoujustwanttoprintacopyofthepaperforsomeone,y oudonotneedtodoanythingtoyourdocumentotherthan
printit!
Working on Different Computers (OpenOffice.org Writer)

Ifyouareworkingonasinglepaperandmovingbetweendifferentcomputers,itisbesttokeepacopyofyourreferencelibrary
withyourpaper.Thatw
ayyouwillalways accessthesamelibrarywheninsertingcitations.Ifyouseparatelyaddreferencestoa
copyofthelibraryathomeandtoadifferentversionatwork,recordnumbersmaynotmatchupcorrectly.Y
ouwanttomakesure
thatanylibraryeditsarereflectedinyourWordd
ocument.
Ifyouareinsertingcitationsononlyonemachine,itisfinetomovethedocumentitselftoothermachinesaslongasyouwillbe
accessingt hedocumentwiththesameversionofWriter.
YoucannotformatcitationsinyourOpenOffice.orgWriterdocumentunlesstheassociatedEndNotelibraryisavailable.
Saving Files for Other Versions of Writer and Other Word Processors
IfyouopenyourdocumentwithadifferentversionofWriter,orusetheSaveAscommandtosaveaformattedcopyofyourpaper
inanotherf ormat,youmaylosetheabilitytoformatcitationsinthatdocument.
Ifyouplantouseyourdocumentwithadifferentwordprocessor,ad
ifferentversionofOpenOffice.orgWriter,youshouldUnformatCitationsb
eforeconvertingthedocumenttotheotherfileformat.
Unformattedcitationsareregulartext;however,theyaretemporaryp
laceholdersthatdonotreflectfinaloutput.SeeUnformatting
C
itations.
YoucanunformatcitationsandthensavethedocumentasaMicrosoftW
ordfile,asanolderversionWriterODTfile,orasan
RTFfile.ForW
ordfiles,useCiteWhileYouWriteforMicrosoftWordtoreformatthepaper.ForolderODTfilesorRTFfiles,use
FormatP
apertoformatcitationsfromtheseplaceholders.
Moving Documents between Microsoft Word and Writer

YoucanconvertyourMicrosoftWorddocumentsforOpenOffice.orgWritera
ndviceversa.Alwaysstartbymakingabackupof
theoriginaldocument!
Withtheoriginalwordprocessor,makesureyoufirstunformatcitations,thensavethedocument,andthenclosethewordprocessor.Then,openthefilewiththeotherwordprocessor.YoumusthavetheassociatedEndNotelibraryavailableandopenin
ordertoformatthecitationsandbibliography.
Note:Ifyouhaveb
othMicrosoftWordandOpenOffice.orgWriteropen,theCiteWhileYouW
ritecommandsavailablewithin
EndNoteareactiveforthewordprocessorthatwaslaunchedfirst.
ThereareseveralCiteWhileYouWritefunctionsthatareavailableo
nlyinMicrosoftWord,andnotinOpenOffice.orgWriter.
Theseinclude:
l usingthetemplatewizard
l insertingnotes
l insertingfiguresandtables
l constantbackgroundinstantformatting
l creatingmultiplebibliographiesinasingled
ocumentwithsections
l usingatravelinglibrary(ratherthanalways h
avingthelibraryavailableandopen)
RTF Files/Scanning and Formatting

Word Processor Compatibility (Format Paper)
Youcancreateformattedcitationsandbibliographiesforyourpapersw ithoutusingCiteWhileYouWriteforMicrosoftWordor
O
penOffice.orgWriter.UseFormatPapertocitereferencesandcreatebibliographiesfordocumentsthatcanbesavedasRTF,
includingdocumentscreatedwith:
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
MicrosoftWord
WordPerfect
OpenOffice.orgWriter
StarOfficeStarWriter
MicrosoftWorks
WordPad
AlmostanyapplicationthatcansaveasRTF(RichTextFormat)
Note:EndNoteusesU
nicodetoappropriatelydisplaydiacriticsandotherextendedcharacters.IfthesecharactersdonotdisplaycorrectlywhenyouformatEndNotecitationsa
ndreferencesinyourwordprocessordocument,itmaybebecauseyourw ord
processorlacksUnicodesupport.Pleaserefertoyourwordprocessor's d
ocumentation.
Toformatreferences andcreateabibliography(CiteWhileYouWrite)w ithMicrosoftWord2003or2007,seeHowtoCiteWhile
YouWritewithMicrosoftWord.
Toformatreferences andcreatea
bibliography(CiteWhileYouWrite)withOpenOffice.orgWriter,seeH
owtoCiteWhileYou
WritewithOpenOffice.orgWriter.
WhileyoucanusetheFormatPaperfeaturetoformatWordfilessavedasRTF,orOpenOfficedocumentsw
iththeextension
ODT,itismucheasierandmoreefficienttouseCiteWhileYouWrite.
Forup-to-datecompatibilityinformation,seeourWebsiteathttp://www.endnote.com.
Basic Instructions (Format Paper)

ThistopicdescribeshowtocreateformattedcitationsandbibliographiesforyourpaperswithoutusingCiteWhileYouWritefor
MicrosoftW ordorOpenOffice.orgWriter.
Thebasicstepsrequiredtocitereferencesinapaperand"format"thatpaperusingEndNotearecoveredhere.Moredetailsabout
howtoswitchb
etweenprogramsandvarioustipsforcitingreferencesaredescribedinthesectionsfollowingthesebasicinstructions.
Citingreferencesisastraight-forwardprocessofcopyingtemporaryc itationsfromEndNoteandpastingthemintoyourwordprocessingdocument.W
hilewritingapaperinyourwordprocessor,youcanhaveEndNoterunninginthebackgroundsothatitseasy
toswitchbetweenthetwoprogramsw
henyouneedtociteasource.AlthoughyoucanentertheEndNotetemporaryc itationsinto
apaperatanytime,mostwritersfinditconvenienttoenterthecitationsastheyarewritingthepaperinsteadofwaitingtoinsert
themafterthetextiswritten.
Note:TheFormatP
apercommandworksonRTFdocumentso
rOpenOffice.orgWriterdocuments.Youcreateyourpaperand
insertc itationswithyourwordprocessor.YoucanscanOpenOffice.orgWriterd
ocumentsdirectly.Whenyouarereadytoscan
andformatcitationsforotherdocumenttypes,youmustfirstsaveacopyofyourpaperasRTF,a
ndthenscanthatcopyofthe
paper..
TopracticeusingtheFormatPaperfeature,youcanfollowthisprocedureu
singoneoftheexampledocumentsfoundintheE
ndNoteX6\Examplesfolder.WerecommendexperimentingwiththeSample_RichText.RTForSample_OpenDocType.ODTfile
alongwiththeSample_Library_X6.
To cite a reference in a paper:
1. Startyourwordprocessorandopenthepaperyoua
rewriting.
Asanexample,youcanlocateandopenSample_RichText.RTFfoundintheEndNoteX6\Examplesfolder.IfyouuseOpenOffice.orgWriter,youcanuseSample_OpenDocType.ODTasanexample.
2. Whenyouarereadytociteasource,positionthec ursorinthetextwhereyouwouldliketoputthecitation.
...acommonlydocumentedphenomena|.
3. StartEndNoteandopenyourlibrary(ifitisnota
lreadyopen).SeeOpeninga
Libraryifyouneedhelpwiththisstep.
4. Selectthereference(s)inyourEndNotelibrarythatyouwanttocite.PresstheCtrlkeywhileclickingonthereferencesto
selectmultiplereferences;presstheShiftkeytoselectarangeo
freferences.
5. SelectCopy(Ctrl+C)fromtheEditmenu, thenreturntoyourwordprocessorandPaste(Ctrl+V)thetemporarycitationinto
thetextofyourdocument.
OR
Drag-and-droptheselectedcitationsintoyourpaper.
ThepastedcitationappearsinEndNotestemporaryformat:firstauthorslastname,yearofpublication,andrecord
number,allenclosedinc urlybraces:
{Morehouse,1993#125}
Ifmultiplereferenceswereselected,theircitationsappeartogetherw ithinonesetofdelimitersintheorderinwhich
theyarelistedintheLibrarywindow.
{Hall,1999#90;Baker,1988#38}
Thiscitationisnotthefinalcitation,butratheratemporarycitationthatwillbeformattedlater.Thenumberinthe
temporarycitationisn
otabibliographynumberbutauniquerecordnumber.Whenyouformatthispaper,EndNote
buildsabibliographybasedonthetemporarycitationst hatitfindsinthepaper,andreformatsthemaccordingtothe
selecteds tyle.
Continuefollowingsteps2-5toinsertcitationsasyouwriteyourpaper.
Tosaveyourdocument:
6. Whenyouhavefinishedaddingcitations, selectS
avefromyourwordprocessorsFilemenutosaveallchangestoyour
document.
7. IfthefileyoucreatedisnotanOpenOffice.orgW
riterdocumentoranRTFdocument,saveacopyofthefileasRTF.F
rom
theFilemenu,selectSaveAs.Inthefiledialog,setthetypeo
ffileasRTF.RTFretainsmoststylesandformatting.
8. CloseyourdocumentbyselectingClosefromtheF
ilemenu.Youcanleaveyourwordprocessorrunning.
To generate the bibliography:
1. ReturntoEndNote.
2. NavigatethefiledialogtolocateandselecttheRTFdocumentorODTdocument.ThenexttimeyouselectFormatPaperyou
willseeyourrecentlyusedfileslistedforeasyaccess.
3. ChecktheCitationswindowtomakesurethatEndNotewasabletofindmatchingreferencesforallofthecitations.
Duringthescanningprocess,EndNotelocatestemporarycitationsinthepaper,andsearchesthelibrarytofindreferencesthat
matcheachofthecitations.Whenscanningiscomplete,EndNotedisplaystheCitationswindow.TheCitationswindowlists
thecitationsfoundinthepapertogetherwiththenumberofmatchingreferencesintheopenlibraries.
ThecitationsintheCitationswindowappearintheordertheyarecitedinthepaper.Ifareferenceiscitedmorethanonceina
paper,itislistedmorethanonceinthiswindow;howeverthereferencewillappearonlyonceinthebibliography.
EverycitationlistedintheCitationswindowshouldhavea"1"nexttoitintheMatchescolumn,meaningthatEndNotefound
exactlyonereferenceinthelibrarytomatchthecitationinthepaper.Whenallofthecitationsinthewindowhavea"1"nextto
them,youarereadytogoontothenextstepofformattingapaper.Ifa"0"oranumbergreaterthanoneappearsintheMatches
column,youmayneedtoresolvemismatchedcitations.
4. SelectastylefromtheOutputStyleslistontheCitationwindow.Enterastartingbibliographynumberifyouwish.
Theindividualstyleslistedarethestylesthatarecurrentlyselectedasyour"favorites"intheStyleManager.Ifyouneedto
chooseastylethatisnotinthelist,chooseSelectAnotherStyletoopentheStyleManager.Markyourfavoritestylesthere,
andstartthisstepagain.SeeAddingStylestotheOutputStylesList.
5. ClickFormattohaveEndNotecreateacopyofyourpapercompletewithformattedcitationsandabibliography.
6. Youarethenpromptedtonameandsavetheformattedcopyofthepaper.
EndNoteautomaticallyaddsthenameoftheoutputstyletoyourexistingfilename.Youcanchangethenameoftheformatted
documentifnecessarybytypinganewnameinthetextbox.Youcanalsousethe"Savein:"listatthetopofthewindowto
changethelocationwhereEndNotesavesthefile.BydefaultEndNotesavestheformattedfileinthesamelocationasthe
unformattedfile.
Important!Neversavetheformattedpaperwiththesamenameastheoriginalunformatteddocument.Youmusthavethe
unformatteddocumentifyoueverwanttoformatthepaperagain.
WhileEndNoteisformatting,thecursorchangestoawaitcursor.Whentheformattinghasfinished,thecursorreturnstoan
arrowandtheCitationswindowremainsopen.NowthatEndNotehasgeneratedaformattedcopyofthepaper,youcanopen
thatpaperinyourwordprocessor.
7. Switchtoyourwordprocessor(seeSwitchingBetweenEndNoteandaWordProcessor).
8. SelectOpenfromthewordprocessorsFilemenu,andthenselectandopentheformattedversionofthepaper.Rememberthat
youwanttoopenthefilethathasthenameofthestyleappendedtothefilename.
Intheformattedpaper,EndNotehasreplacedthetemporarycitationswithformattedcitationsandinsertedabibliography.The
paperisreadytobeprintedandsubmitted!
Making Changes to the Paper

Ifyouneedtomakechangestothepaper(suchaschangeacitation,addmoretext,orchangethebibliographics tyle),youshould
edittheoriginalunformatteddocument,andthenformatitagain.EndNotewillgenerateanewformattedcopyofthepaper.See
ReformattingaPaper.
Related Topics:
CitingR
eferencesinFootnotes
MultipleR
eferencesinOneCitation
SwitchingBetweenEndNoteandaWordProcessor
Temporaryv s.FormattedCitations
TheC
itationsWindow
TypingC
Tips on Citing Sources

Temporary vs. Formatted Citations
A"citation"isthebibliographicinformationinthebodyo
fapaperthatrefers thereadertoacompletereferenceinthebibliography.
Normallyacitationconsistsofabibliographynumberortheauthorandy earinparentheses:
WhenyoufirstcopyanEndNotecitationandpasteitintoyourpaper,itappearsinEndNotestemporarycitationformat.Thisf ormatconsistsofthefirstauthorslastname,year,andtheEndNoterecordnumber,withcitationdelimitersateachend.
{Author,Year#RecordNumber}
WhenEndNoteformatsthispaperitreplacesthetemporarycitationsw
ithformatted citations.
Temporary Citation:{Argus,1991#11}
Formatted Citation (in APA):(Argus &Matthews,1991)
EndNotereliesonthetemporarycitationstodeterminewhichreferencestoincludeinthebibliography.Duringformatting,EndNotescansyourw
ordprocessingdocumentfortemporarycitations,findstheirmatchingreferencesintheEndNotelibrary,and
createsaduplicateofyourdocumentc ompletewith"formatted"in-textcitationsandabibliographyattheend.Thisnewdocument
iscalledyour"formatted"paper.
Note:Bydefault,c itationdelimitersarecurlybraces.Ifyouhaveothertextwithincurlyb
races,youmaywanttochangeyour
citationdelimiters.
Switching Between EndNote and a Word Processor

WithyourEndNotelibraryandwordprocessingdocumentbothopen,youc answitchbetweenthetwofileswithoutclosingeither
program.
TorunbothprogramssimultaneouslyinWindows:
1. StartEndNotebyclickingtheWindowsStartbuttoninthetaskbar,thenselectPrograms,s electEndNote,andpickEndNoteProgram.EndNotestartsandpromptsy outoopenyourlibrary.(Tosetalibrarytoopenautomatically,s eeSettinga

DefaultLibrary.
2. YoucanstartyourwordprocessorinasimilarfashionbyclickingtheStartbutton,selectingProgramFiles,andselecting
theoptionforyourwordprocessor.
3. OnceyouhaveEndNoteandyourwordprocessorrunning,y oucanswitchbetweenthetwoprogramsbyclickingthetask
barbuttonalongthebottomofthescreenfort heprogramyouwishtouse.
YoucanalsopressAlt+Tabtoswitchbetweentheprograms.IfyouarerunningmorethanjustEndNoteandyourwordprocessor,keeptheAltkeypressed,andpresstheTabkeyrepeatedlytocyclethroughallopenprograms.Whenyouseethe
nameoftheprogramyouwant,releasebothkeys.
Multiple References in One Citation

Ifyouneedmultiplereferencesinonein-textcitation,youcanaccomplishthisinoneoftwoways.Oneoptionistoinsertallofthe
citationst ogether:
Toinsertmultiplecitations:
1. HolddowntheCtrlk eywhileclickingonthedesiredreferencesinyourlibrary(orholdd
owntheShiftkeytoselectacontinuousrangeofreferences).
2. FromtheEditmenu,selectCopy.
3. Positionthecursorinyourwordprocessingdocumentw
hereyouwantthecitations,andselectPastefromtheEditmenu.
Thecitationsareinsertedtogetherinonesetofdelimiters.Onceformatted,theyappearinonemultiplecitation,sortedasyourbibliographicstylerequires:
Unformatted:{Hall,1
999#90;Baker,1988#38}
Formatted:(Baker,1
988;Hall,1999)
Theotheroptionistoaddthecitationstothepaperindividually.E
ndNotemergesadjacentcitationsautomaticallyduringtheformattingp
rocess.Citationsdonotmerge,however,ifanycharacter,includings pacesorpunctuation,separatesthem.
Unformatted:{Hall,1
999#90}{Baker,1988#38}
Note:Ifoneoft hecitationsinamultiplecitationcannotbematchedduringformatting,t heentirecitationwillremainunformatted.
Related Topics:
BasicInstructions(FormatPaper)
CitingR
RecordNumbers
TheC
itationsWindow
TypingC
UsingMacintoshS
ervices
Citing References in Footnotes (Format Paper)

Onceyouhavecreatedafootnoteoranendnoteinyourwordprocessingdocument,youcancitereferencesinthefootnoteso
r
endnotesjustlikeyoucitetheminthebodyofthetext.
Tocitereferencesinfootnotes:
1. InyourEndNotelibrary,selectthereference(s)thatyouwouldliketociteands electCopyfromtheEditmenu.
2. Createthefootnoteorendnoteusingtheappropriatecommandinyourwordprocessor.EndNotedoesn
otactuallycreate
thefootnoteorendnoteinthedocument,butitisusedtoinsertandformatthecitationsinthenotes.
3. Positionthecursorinthefootnoteorendnoteinyourpaperwhereyouwouldlikethecitation(s)toappearandselectPaste
fromtheEditmenu.
Note:Youcanedita
fullreferencefootnotecitationtoexcludeauthorname,year,ora
uthor/year.NotethattheAuthor(Year)
optiondoesnotapplytofootnotes.
TheEndNotestylethatisselectedwhenyouselectFormatBibliographyd
etermineshowthecitationsinthefootnotesorendnotesw
illbeformatted.EndNotecanformatthesecitationsasbriefin-textc itationsorlikethecompletereferencesinthebibliography.Itcana
lsocreateaspecialformatspecifictofootnotesorendnotes,includingoptionslike"Ibid."andothervariations
ofshortenedreferenceswhenacitationappearsmorethanonceinthefootnotesorendnotes.
Related Topics:
TheC
itationsWindow
TypingC
UsingMacintoshS
ervices
Typing Citations into Your Paper (RTF Files)

Manuallyenteringcitationsisthesamewhetheryoua
reusingFormatPaperwithanRTFfileorCiteWhileYouWritewithMicrosoftW ord.Seethesetopics:
l NotesA
l Componentso
faTemporaryCitation
l OmittingA
l CitationP
refixes
l CitationS
uffixes
l IncludingSemicolons&OtherCitationDelimitersinaCitation
l Exampleso
fModifiedCitations
Record Numbers (Format Paper)

EndNoteassignsauniquerecordnumbertoeachreferenceasitisaddedtoyourlibrary.Theserecordnumbersappearinthetemporarycitationstoensurethatthecorrectreferenceisusedwhenthepaperisformatted:
{Argus,1991#31}
YoumayalsoseerecordnumbersintheLibrarywindowbyselectingRecordN
umbersasoneofthedisplayfields fortheLibrary
window.SeeDisplayF
ields .
Because these record numbers are so important, keep the following points in mind:
l WerecommendthatyoudonotrelyonEndNotesrecordnumbersasameanso
ffilingornumberingyourofficereprints,
becauseyouhavenocontrolo
verthisnumber,anditissubjecttochangeundercertainconditions(readon).Instead,enter
yourownuniquenumberintotheLabelfield,oranyCustomfield,andusethatnumberforyourreprints.
l EndNotea
utomaticallyassignsarecordnumbersequentiallytoeachreferencea
sitisaddedtoalibrary.
l Ifthesamereferenceappearsintwodifferentlibraries,therecordn
umberswillmostlikelybedifferent.
l Therecordnumbersareneverreusedorreassignedwithinalibrary.Ify oudeleteareference,thatnumberisneverusedagain
inthatlibrary.
l Youc annotmodifyorreassignrecordnumbers.
Deleting References in the Library

Ifyoudeleteareferencefromyourlibraryafteryouhaveciteditinapaper,EndNotewillnotbeabletofinditwhenittriestoformat
thatpaper.Ifyouaddthereferencetothelibraryagain,itwillbea
ssignedanew,differentrecordnumber,soEndNotestillwillnot
bea
bletofinditwhenformattingyourpaper.Youwillneedtoreinsertthecitationintothepaperusingthenewreferenceinyour
library.
Related Topics:
MultipleR
TheC
itationsWindow
TypingC
UsingMacintoshS
ervices
Formatting Citations and Creating Bibliographies

The Citations Window (Format Paper)
TheCitationMatcheswindowopensintheEndNoteprogramaftery ouformata
paper(oriftheformattingprocessiscanceled).It
listsallofthec itationsfoundinadocument,intheorderinwhichtheyappearinthep
aper.
IntheCitationswindow,EndNotebringsspecialattentiontounmatchedandambiguouscitations.Youcanchoosefromthecheck
boxoptionstos howonlytheMatchedCitations,UnmatchedCitations,orAmbiguousCitations.
TheCitationswindow listsallofthecitationsfoundinthedocumentanddisplaysthenumberofmatchingreferencesforeachcitation.
Ifanynumberotherthana1appearsintheMatchescolumn,thecorrespondingc itationwillbeleftunformattedinthedocument
andwillnotbeincludedinthebibliographyEndNotegenerates.
Ambiguous Citations (Matches Greater than 1)

Anumbergreaterthan1indicatesthatmultiplereferencesinthecurrentlyo
penlibrary(orlibraries)matchthecitationandEndNotedoesnotknoww
hichreferencetouse.(EndNoteautomaticallychecksthematchingreferencestoseeifanyareduplicates.
Ifso,theyarenotlistedasseparatepossiblem
atches.)Toseewhichreferencesareconsideredmatches,highlightthec itationin
theCitationswindow andclickLookup.Reinsertthecorrectc itationintothepaper.
Unmatched Citations (A "Zero" Match)

AzerointheMatchescolumnindicatesthatthereisnomatchingreferenceinanyopenlibraryforthatparticularcitation.The
Author,Year,andR
ecordNumber(ifusedinthetemporarycitation)mustallmatchtheAuthor,Year,andRecordNumberofareferenceinthelibraryinorderforEndNotetoconsideritamatch.
Iftextinyourdocumentissurroundedbycitationdelimiters(sucha
s"{sic}),EndNotewilltreatthetextasamismatchedcitation.
Youcanignorethewarningaboutitbeingamismatchedcitation,andEndNotewillsimplyleavethetextasitwasbeforeformatting.(YoucouldalsochangetheCitationD
elimiters.)
UnchecktheUnmatchedCitationsb
oxatthetopoftheCitationswindow tohidetheseitemsfromviewify ouhavenumeroussectionsofbracketedtextinyourdocumentandthec orrespondingunmatchedcitationsarejustclutteringtheCitationswindow.
Correcting Mismatched Citations

Mismatchedcitationsmustbecorrectedeitherinthewordprocessingd
ocumentorintheEndNotelibrarywhichevercontains
theincorrectinformation.N
ormally,theeasiestwaytofixamismatchedcitationistosearchthew
ordprocessingdocumentfor
themismatchedcitation(usetheFindcommandinyourwordprocessors Editmenu),deleteit,andthenreinsertthec itationfrom
thelibrary.
IfthereisacitationforwhichEndNotelistsmultiplematches,youc anhighlightthecitationintheCitationswindowandclick
Lookup.EndNoted
isplaysthematchingreferencesintheLibrarywindow.Youmaythenselecttheappropriatereferenceandreinsertitintothepaper.Mismatchesofthistypeareonlypossiblewhentherecordnumberhasbeenomittedfromthetemporarycitationinthetext.
Afteryouhavecorrectedthemismatchedcitationsandsavedyourchangestothepaper,Formatagain.(TheCitationswindowis
stillavailableafterformattingifyouwanttoseethelistofcitations.)
Thebestwaytoavoidcitationmismatches:
l Keepallofyourreferencesinonemainlibrary.
l CopyandpasteyourcitationsfromEndNotetoy ourwordprocessingdocumentsinsteadoftypingthem.
Related Topics:
CitingR
MultipleR
TheC
itationsWindow
TypingC
Bibliographic Styles (Format Paper)

ThebibliographicstyledetermineshowEndNoteformatsthecitationsinyourpaperandthereferencesinthebibliography.The
styletakesc areofalltextstyles,punctuation,andsortingrequiredforthecitationsa
ndbibliography,aswellaswhichfields are
includedinthebibliography.
SelectastyleontheCitationsw
indowafterselectingFormatPaper.YoucanalwaysrunFormatPapertoselectadifferentstyle
andreformatyourunformatted(original)R TFdocumentatanypoint.
TheEndNoteStylescollectionincludesmorethan1900styles,allofw
hichcanbemodifiedtomeetyourspecifications.Youcan
alsocreatec ompletelynewstylesifnecessary.Relatedtopics:
l SeeAddingS
tylestotheOutputStylesListtolearnmoreabouttheS
tyles Managerandhowtogetthestylesyouneedto
appearinEndNotesOutputStyleslist.
l Tolearnabouthowthestyleswork,andhowy oucanmodifythem,seeWhatisanOutputStyle?
l Forhelpwithchoosingtherightstyleforyourp
aper,seePreviewingFormattedReferences(orStyles).
Related Topics:
CopyingF
ormattedReferences
CreatingO
neBibliographyFromSeveralPapers
FindingE
ndNoteReferencesforEditing
ModifyingR eferencesinYourLibrary
Reformattinga
Paper
RescanningthePaper
SpecifyingtheStartingNumberofaBibliography
TheC
itationsWindow
Previewing Formatted References (or Styles)

ThePreviewtabintheLibrarywindowdisplayshowthecurrentlyselectedreferencewillbeformattedinthebibliographybythe
currentstyle.ThisPreviewtabshowsonlyonereferenceatatime.
Topreviewhowmultiplereferenceswillappearinabibliography:
1. SelectthereferencesintheLibrarywindow.
2. FromtheEditmenu,selectOutputStyles andselectthestylethatyouwouldliketouse.
3. FromtheEditmenu,selectCopyFormatted(Ctrl+K).
4. UsetheWindowsC
lipboardViewertoviewthecontentsoftheC
lipboard,orPastetheformattedreferencesintoaword
processordocument.
Reformatting a Paper
SinceEndNotecreatesacopyofthepaperduringtheformattingprocess,y oucanalwaysreformattheoriginaldocument,ifnecessary,tocreatea
newdocumentwiththechangesthatyouneed.
Theappearanceofboththein-textcitationsandthebibliographyintheformattedpaperisdeterminedbytheselectedstyle.Ifyou
needtoc reateacopyofyourpaperinadifferentstylethanwhatyoudidoriginally:
1. FromtheToolsmenuinEndNote,selectFormatPaper>
FormatPaper.Opentheoriginalunformattedcopyofyourpaper
(theonewiththeEndNotecitationssurroundedbycurlybracesorb
rackets).
indow,selectanewoutputstylefromtheOutputStyledrop-downlist.Youcanselectoneofthe"favor2. OntheCitationsw
ite"stylescurrentlyinthelist,orchooseSelectAnotherStyletopickastylefromthe4
,500+stylesshippedw
ithEndNote.
3. IftheCitationswindowshowsthatallthecitationsinthepaperarecorrectlymatched,clicktheFormatbutton.
4. EndNotewillpromptyoutonameandsavethenewformattedcopyofthepaper.Noticethatthestylenameisincludeda
s
partofthenewpapersname.Thatwillhelpyoudistinguishbetweenv ariouscopiesofonepaper(perhapsformattedtobe
submittedtod
ifferentjournals).
Whenyouopenthenewformattedcopyofyourpaper,youshouldseethaty ourcitationsandbibliographyusethenewbibliographicformat.
Important:Wheny ouneedtomakechangesinyourpaper,remembertoworkonlywiththeu
nformattedcopyofthepaper(the
onewiththebracketedtemporarycitations),ratherthantheformattedcopythatEndNotecreated.
Ifyouhavealreadyformattedyourpaper,andyouseethatitneedstobeeditedbyeitheraddingorremovingcitations,youmust
returntotheoriginal,unformattedcopyofthedocument(theonewithEndNotes" temporarycitations").Openthatdocumentin
yourwordprocessor.A
dd,modifyordeletecitationsasnecessary,andthensavethepapera
sRTF.Youmaynowformatthe
paper(asdescribedabove)tocreateanu
pdatedcopyofit.
Creating One Bibliography From Several Papers

EndNotecanformataseriesofseparatewordprocessingdocumentsandputacumulativebibliographyattheendofthelastone.
ThisisusefulifyouarecollaboratingwithotherEndNoteusersandyouhaveeachwrittena
separatepartofthepaper,orifyou
haveseparatedalengthypaperintodifferentchapters.
Tocreateonebibliographyfromseveralpapers:
1. FromtheToolsmenu,selectFormatPaper>FormatPapertoopenandscanthefirstpaper.
2. AScanNextbuttonappearsontheCitationsw
indow .(TheFormatPapercommandonthemenuchangestoScanN
ext).
ClickScanNextinthewindow,orselectitfromthemenu,toopeneachofthesubsequentpapersinthecorrectorder.
Eachpapersc itationswillbeaddedtothelistofcitationsintheCitationsw
indow.
3. Whenthelastpaperhasbeenscanned,selectano
utputstyleontheCitationswindowandclickFormat.
Duringtheformattingprocess,EndNotemakesaformattedcopyofeachpaperandputsacumulativebibliographyattheendof
thelastpaper.O
nlythelastpaperintheserieswillincludethebibliography.Bydefault,e
achformattedpaperretainsitsoriginal
namewiththestylenameincorporatedintoit;however,youhavetheoptiontochangethenames.
Related Topics:
AddingS
CopyingF
ormattedReferences
FindingE
Reformattinga
Paper
RescanningthePaper
TheC
itationsWindow
Specifying the Starting Number of a Bibliography (Format Paper)

WhenyouselectFormatPapertodisplayaCitationsw
indow,EndNoteincludesanoutputstylelisttoconfirmorchangethestyle
thatshouldbeusedtoformatthepaper.Italsogivesyoutheo
ptiontochangethestartingnumberforyourcitationsandbibliography.
IfyouwouldlikeEndNotesnumberingtostartwithanumberotherthan" 1"forthedocumentthatyouareformatting,enterthat
numberh
ere.Thissettingisignoredifyouareformattingthepaperwithastylethatdoesnotcreatenumberedreferencesinthe
bibliography.
Copying Formatted References

Theremaybetimeswhenyouwanttoinsertafullyformattedreferenceintothebodyorfootnotesofyourpaperwithouthavingto
formatanentired
ocument.
Toinsertafullyformattedreference:
1. SelectastylefromthelistofstylesontheMaintoolbar.
2. Selectthereference(s)intheLibrarywindow.
3. SelectCopyFormattedfromEndNotesEditmenu.
4. Switchtoyourwordprocessingdocument,positiont hecursorinthetext,andselectPastefromtheEditmenu.
Ifyourwordprocessorsupportsdrag-and-drop,youmayalsodragthereferencesanddropthemonyourpaperwiththeCtrlkey
pressed.ThisproducesthesameresultsasusingtheCopyFormattedcommand.
Multiplereferencesaresortedaccordingtotherulesoftheselecteds tyle.Fontsandcharacterstylesaretransferredifyouare
pastingintoa
programthatinterpretsstyledtextorRichT
extFormat(RTF)informationontheClipboard.
Related Topics:
AddingS
CreatingO
FindingE
Reformattinga
Paper
RescanningthePaper
TheC
itationsWindow
Rescanning the Paper

IfthereisaproblemwithyourcitationmatchesafterselectingFormatP
aper,leavetheCitationswindow o
penandswitchtoyour
wordprocessortomakethenecessarychanges.Aftersavingyourchanges,closeyourdocumentandswitchbacktoEndNote.
OntheCitationswindow,clickRescanPaper.
EndNotethenupdatestheinformationintheCitationswindow toreflecttherecentchangesmadetothepaper.Ifthepaperwas
modifiedandsaveds inceitwaslastscanned,EndNotepromptsyoutorescanthepaperbeforeformatting.
Managing Your EndNote Library

Modifying References in Your Library
IfyouaddorchangeareferenceinyourlibrarywhiletheCitationsw
indow isopen,makesureyouclickRescantohavethose
changesreflectedintheCitationswindow andintheformattedp
aper.
Forexample,ifyoutypedthecitation{Geoffery,1988}intoyourpaperbutforgottoenterthereferenceinthelibrary,EndNote
wouldlista0intheMatchescolumnfort hatcitationontheCitationswindow.YoucanleavetheCitationswindowopenandenter
theGeofferyreferenceintoyourlibrary.BringtheCitationswindowforwardandusetheRescanbuttontorecheckthelibraryfor
matchingreferences.Thisshouldchangethe"0"matchtoa"1."
Related Topics:
BibliographicS
tyles
CopyingF
ormattedReferences
CreatingO
Findinga
ndLabelingReferencesUsedinaPaper
FindingE
Formattingw
ithMultipleLibraries
Reformattinga
Paper
TheC
itationsWindow
Workingo
nDifferentComputers
Finding EndNote References for Editing (Format Paper)

IntheCitationswindow,y oucanselectanynumberofmatchingreferencesandthenclickLookuptosearchanddisplaythosereferencesinEndNotesLibrarywindow.Youc anopeneachrecordforviewingorediting.Ifyoueditareference,m
akesureyouRescanyourpapertoreflectthechanges.
Formatting with Multiple Libraries

AlthoughEndNotecanformatpapersusingreferencesfrommorethanonelibrary,wedonotrecommendthatyouusemultiple
librarieswhenwritinga
paper.Keepingallofyourreferencestogetherinonelibrarysimplifiesthewritingprocessbecauseyou
knowexactlywheretofindeachreference,a
ndyouonlyneedtohavetheonelibraryopenwhenformatting.
Ifyouarecollaboratingwithotherauthorsonadocument,however,u
singmultiplelibrariesforapapermaybeausefulandnecessarythingtodo.
Ifcitationshavebeeninsertedintoonedocumentfrommultiplelibraries,allofthenecessarylibrariesmustbeopenedinorderfor
EndNotetoformatthepapercorrectly.
Note:ReadabouttheMergeDuplicatesinBibliographyp
referenceifyouplantoinsertcitationsfrommorethanonelibraryintoa
paper.
Related Topics:
BibliographicS
tyles
CopyingF
ormattedReferences
CreatingO
Findinga
ndLabelingReferencesUsedinaPaper
FindingE
Reformattinga
Paper
TheC
itationsWindow
Workingo
nDifferentComputers
Finding and Labeling References Used in a Paper

TheCitationMatcheswindowappearswhenyouformatawordprocessingdocument.Itlistsallofthecitationsfoundinadocument,anddisplaysthenumberofmatchingcitationsfoundinthecurrentlyopenlibraries.
TheCitationswindow isvisibleintheEndNoteprogramaftertheformattingisfinished,oriftheformattingprocessiscanceled.(If
thereareproblemsd
uringformatting,consulttheCitationswindow.Thisinformationcanh
elpyouresolveproblems.)
Double-clickcitationsintheCitationswindow tofindthematchingreferencesinyourEndNotelibrary.
Tolocateallofthereferencesinalibrarythatwerecitedinapaper:
1. Afterformattingyourpaper,selectallofthec itationslistedintheCitationswindowbychoosingSelectAll>fromtheEdit
menu.
2. Double-clicktodisplaythelistofreferencesintheLibrarywindow.
Toaddakeywordtoallofthesereferencesforyourownfilingpurposes:
1. SelectChangeFieldfromtheReferencesmenu.
2. SelectKeywords(oranyotherfieldyouwouldliketousefromthefieldpopupmenu.
3. Enterthetermorphraseyouwanttousetoidentifythesereferences,andclickChange.
Related Topics:
BibliographicS
tyles
CopyingF
ormattedReferences
CreatingO
FindingE
Formattingw
ithMultipleLibraries
Reformattinga
Paper
TheC
itationsWindow
Workingo
nDifferentComputers
Working on Different Computers

Ifyouareworkingonapaperondifferentcomputers,besuretokeepacopyofyourreferencelibraryonthesamediskasyour
paper.Thatw
ay,youwillalwaysaccessthesamelibrarywheninsertingcitations.Ifyouaddreferencestoacopyofthelibraryat
homeandtoadifferentv ersionatwork,therecordnumbersmaynotmatch,andEndNotewillbeunabletofindreferenceswhenit
scansyourpaper.
Independent Bibliographies
Independent Bibliographies
Theremaybetimeswhenyouwanttocreateabibliographywithoutana
ssociatedpaper.Wecallthisan"independentbibliography"b
ecauseEndNotedoesnotgeneratethebibliographybasedoncitationsfoundinapaperinstead,thebibliographyis
generatedindependentlyo
fapaper.
Anyoneoftheprocedures describedinthischaptercanbeusedtocreatea
nindependentbibliography.Eachhasitsownadvantages,solookfortheoptionthatbestsuitsyourneeds:
l Drag-and-droptoinstantlytransferabibliographytoawordprocessingdocument
l Copyformattedreferencesfromalibraryandpastethemintoawordprocessingdocument
l ExportreferencesfromalibraryasRTF,TextOnly,HTML,orXML
l Previewa
nd/orPrintreferencesfromE
ndNote
Styles Determine the Look of the Bibliography
Theappearanceofyourindependentbibliographydependsentirelyonw
hichEndNotestyleisselectedintheOutputStyles submenuoftheEditm
enu(orthedrop-downstylelistontheMaintoolbar).T
hestylesdeterminewhatinformationisincludedinthe
bibliography,h
owitisarranged,andwhatpunctuationandtextstyles areused.
Selectastylethatmeetsyourneedsbeforeexporting,printingorformattingreferences.Ifyoudonotseethestylethatyouneed
intheOutputStyless ubmenuoftheEditmenu,selectOpenStyleManagerfromtheOutputStyles s ubmenu,andmarkthestyles
thatyouneed.Oncethestyles aremarkeda
s"favorites"intheStyleManager,theywillshowupinyours tylesmenus.Formore
information,seeAddingS
tylestotheOutputStyles List.Forinformationaboutmodifyings tyles,seeModifyingS
tyleTemplates.
Using Drag-and-Drop to Create an Instant Bibliography

"Drag-and-drop" isawayofmovingorcopyingselectedtext(orotheritems)byclickingonthetextanddraggingittoanewlocation.S
implyreleasethemousebuttonwhenthecursorisoverthedestination,a
ndthetextwilleitherbemovedorcopiedtothe
newdestination.
Ifyourwordprocessorsupportsdrag-and-drop,youcandragabibliographyf romanEndNoteLibrarywindow directlyintoyour
paper.
Todragyourbibliography:
1. Openyourlibraryandselectthedesiredreferences.
2. SelectthenecessarystylefromtheOutputStyles ubmenuofEndNotesEditmenu.
3. HolddowntheCtrlk eyasyoudragthereferencesfromthelibraryanddropthemdirectlyontoawordprocessingdocument
inthebackground.
Thiscreatesafullyformattedbibliographywiththereferencesformatteda
ndsortedaccordingtotheselectedstyle.Thefontused
forthebibliographyinthiscaseisthe"GeneralDisplayFont."Youcanchangethisf ontbyselectingPreferencesfromtheEndNote
Editmenu,selectingDisplayFonts,andselectinganewfontandsizeundertheGeneralDisplayFontheading.Alltextstyleinformation(sucha
sboldanditalic)isretainedifyou"drop"thebibliographyintoaprogramthatrecognizesRTF(RichText
Format)text.
Ifyourwordprocessordoesnotsupportdrag-and-drop,readabouttheC opyFormattedcommand.
Note:Draggingw iththeCtrlk eypressedtransferstheformattedreferencestothewordprocessingd

ocument.Ifyoudonothold
downtheCtrlk ey,onlythetemporarycitationistransferred.Usethislattermethodt ocitereferencesinyourpaper.
Related Topics:
CopyFormatted
ExportingR eferences
IndependentBibliographies
Copy Formatted
UsetheCopyFormattedcommandtoquicklycreateandcopyabibliographythatyoucanpasteintoawordprocessingdocument,oranywhereelse.T
hereferencesaresortedandformattedaccordingtotherulesofthes electedstyle.
ThefontusedfortheCopyFormattedcommandisthe"GeneralDisplayF
ont"whichcanbechangedbyselectingPreferences
fromtheEditmenu,selectingD
isplayFonts,andselectinganewfontandsizeundertheGeneralDisplayFontheading.Alltext
styleinformation(suchasboldanditalic)isretainedifyoupasteintoaprogramthatrecognizesRTF(RichTextFormat)o
rstyled
text.
TocopyformattedreferencesfromEndNoteandpastethemintoawordp
rocessingdocument:
1. Onthetoolbar,gototheOutputStylelistands electthenecessarystyle.
2. OpenyourEndNotelibraryandselectthedesiredreferencesintheLibrarywindow.
3. FromtheEditmenu,selectCopyFormatted(Ctrl+K)tocopythereferencestotheClipboard.
4. Openadocumentinyourwordprocessor,putthec ursorwhereyouwouldlikethereferencestoappear,andselectPaste
(Ctrl+V)fromthewordprocessorsEditmenu.
Exporting References
Exporting References
ExportingbibliographiesfromEndNoteiseasyandflexible.Whenyoue
xportfromalibrary,EndNotecreatesafileofreferences
formattedaccordingtothechosenstyle.
Youcanexporteitherallofthereferencesinthecurrentreferenceslist,oronlytheselected(highlighted)referencesinthecurrent
list.IfanyreferencesintheLibrarywindowareselected,theEndNoteexportd
ialoggivesyoutheoptionofexportingjustthose
selectedreferences.
ToexportabibliographyfromEndNote:
1. Opent helibraryfromwhichyouwillexport,andshowthereferencesyouw
anttoexport.
l Toexportallofthereferencesinthelibrary,c licktheAllReferencesgrouporselectShowAllReferencesfromtheReferencesmenu.
l Toexportasubsetofreferences,displayag
rouporusetheSearchLibrary,HideSelectedReferences,orShowS
elected
References>commandstoshowthesubsetofreferencesy ouwanttoinclude.Youcanfurtherlimitthelistofreferencest o
exportbyhighlightingjustthosereferencesinthecurrentlist.
2. (Optional)R
eferenceswillbeexportedintheorderspecifiedbytheselectedo
utputstyle.Ifyouwanttochangethesortorder,
youmustmodify theoutputstyle:
l FromtheEditmenu,selectOutputStyles,andt henOpenStyleManager.
l SelecttheoutputstyleandclickEdit.
l Intheleftpanelofthewindow,underBibliography,s electSortOrder.
l Changethecurrentsortorderintherightpanel.I fyouwanttoexportreferencesintheorderinwhichtheyarelistedinthe
currentLibrarywindow,selectOrderofappearance.
l Closetheoutputstyleandthestylemanager.
3. Fromt heFilemenu,selectExport.
4. Fromt heSaveFileasTypelistatthebottomofthedialog,selectthetypeoffiletobeexported.
5. Fromt heOutputstylelistatthebottomofthedialog,selectastyle(orchooseSelectanotherstyletochoosefromallavailable
outputs tyles).
6. SelecttheExportSelectedReferencesoptionifdesired.Ifyouwanttoexporta
llofthereferencesinthecurrentlist,clearthe
checkbox.
7. Entera
namefortheexportedfilea
ndusetheSaveInlisttos pecifywhereitshouldbesavedandusethetriangleb
uttonto
allowyoutobrowsetotheappropriatefolderandspecifyw
herethefileshouldbesaved.
Note:TheExportfeaturecreatesanewfile;itdoesnotappendtoanexistingfile.Ify ouenterthenameofafilethatalready
exists,thatfilewillbeoverwritten.
8. ClickS
ave.(Itisbesttokeeptheassignedfileextensionsaspartoftheexportedfilename.)
9. Opent heexportedfileinawordprocessortoeditorprintit.Atthisp
oint,thefileisjustlikeanyothertextdocument.Youcan
changethefont,margins,linespacing,orotherpagelayoutfeaturesifn
ecessary.(IfyouusetheOpenc ommandinyourword
processor,makesurethattheopenfiledialogissettoshowfileswiththecorrectextension.)
IfyouexportedthereferencesinHTMLformat,yourexportedreferencelistisreadytobeposteddirectlytoyourwebsite.In
yourWebb
rowser,setencodingto"Unicode-UTF8
toappropriatelydisplayextendedUnicodecharacters.
Note:TheExportc ommandexportsonlytext;images arenotincluded.
Supported Formats (Exporting)

UsetheExportcommandtocreatea
free-standingbibliographyinanyofthefollowingformats:
l Text File
TheTextFileexportoptionissuitablefordraftpurposesorexportingreferencestobeimportedintoanotherdatabase.
l RTF (Rich Text Format)
TheRTFexportisanidealwaytocreateafree-standingbibliographythatcanbeeditedorprintedusingawordprocessor.
Thisformatc anbeopenedbyallpopularwordprocessorsandpreservesfontandt extstyleinformation.
l HTML
DocumentsexportedinHTML(HyperTextM
arkupLanguage)provideaneasywaytopostreferencelistsontheW
orldWide
Web.
InyourWebbrowser,setencodingto"Unicode-UTF8"toappropriatelydisplayextendedUnicodecharactersintheexported
document.
l XML
TheXMLoptionexportsinaproprietaryEndNoteXMLformat.
Note:TheExportc ommandexportsonlytext;images arenotincluded.However,ifyouimportthereferencesbackintoanEndNotelibrary,youcanrestoreimages byc opyingthefigurefilesfromtheoriginallibrarys.DATAfolderintothe.DATAfolderfor
thenewlibrary.
Related Topics:
CopyFormatted
ExportingR eferences
IncludingN otes,Abstracts,andOtherInformation
IndependentB
ibliographies
UsingD
rag-and-DroptoCreateanInstantBibliography
Printing and Previewing References

Printing and Previewing References
ToprintreferencesdirectlyfromEndNote,gototheFilemenu,a
ndthenselectPrint(Ctrl+P)tosendacopytoy ourprinter.Or,
selectPrintPreviewtoformatreferencesonscreen.T
hesearequickwaystoviewyourformattedreferencesonpaperor
onscreennospecialpagelayoutoptionsareprovided.Typicalusesmightincludetryingoutvariousoutputstyles,printingalist
ofreferencestotaketothelibrarywithyou,printingyournotes,orgeneratingac ompleteprintoutofthereferencesinanEndNote
library.
Important Points (Printing)

Thecurrentlyactive(topmost)windowaffectswhichreferencesareprintedw iththePrintcommand:
l IfaLibrarywindowisdisplayed,youcanprinte
ithertheselected(highlighted)referencesorallreferencesshowinginthe
list.
l Ifanindividualreferenceisopenforviewing,E
ndNoteprintsonlythatspecificreferenceasdisplayedonthescreenw
ith
fieldlabels.Nooutputstyleisapplied.
l TheSortReferencescommandunselectsa
nyselectedreferences,sousetheShowSelectedReferencescommandifnecessarybeforesortingtoretainthesubsetofreferencesyous elected.
Inadditiontotheselectedstyle,theappearanceoftheprintedreferencesisdeterminedbythefollowingitems:
l Referenceswillbeprintedintheorderspecifiedb
ytheselectedoutputstyle.Ifyouwanttochangethesortorder,y oumust
modifytheoutputstyle.IfyouwanttoexportreferencesintheorderinwhichtheyarelistedinthecurrentLibrarywindow,
changetheoutputstyle'ssortordersettingtoOrderofappearance.
l Eachprintedpagehas1-inchmargins,left-justifiedtext,andaheaderthatdisplaysthelibrarynameintheupperleftc orner
andthepagenumberintheupperrightcorner.Therearenooptionstocustomizethemargins,headersorfooterso
fthe
printouts.Useoneoftheotheroptionsforcreatinganindependentb
ibliographyifyouneedtomodifytheseaspectsofyour
printout.
l Thefontandsizeoftheprintedreferencesa
redeterminedbytheGeneralDisplayFont,ifthatfontisaTrueT
ypefont;
otherwiseafontsubstitutionwillbemade.SelectPreferencesfromtheEditm
enu,andclicktheDisplayFontsoptionto
changethefontandsizeifnecessary.T
hedouble"T"totheleftofthefontnameindicatesaTrueTypefont.
l SelectP
ageSetupfromtheFilemenutospecifyotherprintingoptionsincludingthepapersizeandpageorientation.Page
setupoptionsvarydependingo
ntheprinterused.
Related Topics:
PreviewingR
eferences
Printinga
ndPreviewingReferences
PrintingInstructions
Printing Instructions
ToprintalistofreferencesdirectlyfromEndNote:
1. Makes urethatallofthereferencesyouwanttoprintareeitherselected(highlighted)orshowingintheLibrarywindow.
2. FromEndNotesEditmenu,gototheOutputStylessubmenuandselectas tyle(orusethestylemenuontheLibraryMain
toolbar).
3. (Optional)R
eferenceswillbeprintedintheorderspecifiedbytheselectedo
utputstyle.Ifyouwanttochangethesort
order,youmustmodifytheoutputstyle:
a. FromtheEditmenu,selectOutputStyles,andt henOpenStyleManager.
b. SelecttheoutputstyleandclickEdit.
c. Intheleftpanelofthewindow,underBibliography,s electSortOrder.
d. Changethecurrentsortorderintherightpanel.I fyouwanttoprintreferencesintheorderinwhichtheyare
listedinthecurrentLibrarywindow,selectOrderofappearance.
e. Closetheoutputstyleandthestylemanager.
4. FromtheFilemenu,selectPrint(Ctrl+P).
Intheprintdialog,specifythenumberofcopiesandtherangeofpagestoprint.Bydefault,EndNoteprintsonlytheselectedreferences.ToprintallofthereferencesshowingintheLibrarywindow,changetheprintrangeoptiontoAll.turnthe"Print
SelectedReferences"optionoff.Dependingonyourprintersoftware,youmightneedtoselectEndNoteX6fromthepopuplist
inthedialoginordertoseethe"PrintSelectedReferences"option.Ifnoreferencesareselected,thisoptionisnotavailable.
5. ClickPrinttoprintthereferences.
Related Topics:
ImportantPoints(Printing)
PreviewingR
eferences
PrintingO
nlytheNotes
Previewing References
Topreviewalistofreferencesonscreen:
1. Makes urethatthereferencesyouwanttoprintarelistedintheLibraryw
indow.
YoucanselectindividualreferencesandthenselectShowSelectedR
eferencesfromtheReferencesmenu.
2. Ifyouw
ouldliketofurtherlimitthereferencestoprint,select(highlight)thosereferences.
3. FromEndNotesEditmenu,gototheOutputStylessubmenuandselectas tyle(orusethestylemenuontheMaintool
bar).
4. (Optional)R
eferenceswillbedisplayedintheorderspecifiedbytheselectedo
utputstyle.Ifyouwanttochangethesort
order,youmustmodifytheoutputstyle:
l FromtheEditmenu,selectOutputStyles,andt henOpenStyleManager.
l SelecttheoutputstyleandclickEdit.
l Intheleftpanelofthewindow,underBibliography,s electSortOrder.
l Changethecurrentsortorderintherightpanel.I fyouwanttoprintreferencesintheorderinwhichtheyare
listedinthecurrentLibrarywindow,selectOrderofappearance.
l Closetheoutputstyleandthestylemanager.
5. FromtheFilemenu,selectPrintPreview.
Fromtheonscreenpreview,youcanclickPrinttosendacopytoyourprinter.
Related Topics:
IncludingN otes,Abstracts,andOtherInformationinaReferenceList
IndependentB
ibliographies
Printinga
ndPreviewingReferences
PrintingO
nlytheNotes
Including Notes, Abstracts, Etc.

Including Notes, Abstracts, and Other Information in a Reference List
MostofthestylesincludedwithEndNoteproducestandardbibliographiesw
ithoutincludingadditionalinformationsuchasnotes
orabstracts.Twoo
fEndNote'sstandardstyles aretheAnnotatedstyleandtheShowAllF
ieldsstyle.TheAnnotatedstyle
includestheAbstractfieldaftereachreference,andtheShowAllFieldsstylelistsallofthefieldnamesa
ndtheinformationfound
inthosefields foreachreference.
SeeModifyingS
tyleTemplatesforinformationabouteditingandcreatingstyles.T
hesearetwoexamplesofcommonwaysyou
mightwanttoeditstylesfory ourprintoutsorforstand-alonebibliographies:CreatingA
nnotatedBibliographiesandPrintingO
nly
theNotes.
Related Topics:
CreatingA
nnotatedBibliographies
PrintingO
nlytheNotes
Creating Annotated Bibliographies

Tocreateabibliographythatincludesabstracts,youcanusetheAnnotateds tyleincludedwithEndNote.TheAnnotatedstyleis
basedontheAuthor-Dates tyle,andcreatesanalphabeticallistingofthereferences(byauthor),w
iththeabstractappendedto
eachreference.Youcanmodifyanyothers tyletoincludetheNotesorAbstractfieldaswell.
Forthisexample,wemodifytheNumberedstyletoincludetheAbstractfield.
1. FromtheEditmenu,selectOutputStyles,andthens electOpenStyleManager.
2. SelectastylefromthelistintheStyleManagerw indow,andclicktheEditbutton.TheStylewindowopens.
3. SelectLayoutfromtheoptionsundertheBibliographyh
eadingandclickinthetextboxunderthe"Endeachreferencew
ith"
heading.Textorfieldsinsertedintothissectionappeara
ttheendofeachreferenceinthebibliography.
4. Toinserttheabstractsonanewlineaftereachreference:selectEndofParagraphfromtheInsertFieldlist,andthen
selectAbstractfromthesamelist.
5. FromtheFilemenu,selectSaveAsandgivethes tyleanewname,butkeepthe".ENSextension.
ThisannotatedversionofthestylewillappearintheOutputStyless ubmenuoftheEditmenu(andinthestylesmenuontheMain
toolbar).I fyouformatapaper,print,orexportreferencesusingthisstyle,theabstractsareincludedinthebibliography.
Printing Only the Notes

Toprintonlythenotesforeachreference,createanewstylethatincludesonlytheNotesfield.
Tocreateastylethatprintsonlynotes:
1. FromtheEditmenuselectOutputStyles,andthens electNewStyle.
2. ClicktheTemplatespanelundertheBibliographyh
eading.
3. ClickintheGenerictemplateandselectNotesfromtheInsertFieldlist.PresstheEnterkeytoaddablanklineafterthe
notesforeachreference.
4. FromtheFilemenu,selectSaveAs.Nameandsavet hestyle.YoushouldnowseethisnewstyleintheOutputStyles s ubmenuoftheEditmenu.
5. Closethestylebyclickingtheclosebutton.
SelectthisstylewheneveryouwanttoprintorexportonlytheNotesf romyourreferences.Thisstyleisalsousefultopreviewjust
thenotesonthePreviewtaboftheLibrarywindow.
Related Topics:
PreviewingR
eferences
Subject Bibliographies and Subject Lists

Overview of Subject Bibliographies
ndsubjectlists.
Youcancreatesubjectbibliographiesa
Subject List
Archaeology
Astronomy
Biology
Geochemistry
Geology
Hydrology
Subject Bibliography
Archaeology
Parker,F.andB.
Astronomy
Lowman,P
.D.,
Subject List Example
Ageneralbibliographyisacontinuouslistingofcitationsinaparticularo
rder.Asubjectbibliographyismadeupofsmallerlistings,
eachappearingunderadistinctheading.Despitethename,asubjectbibliography(ora
subjectlist)canbebasedonanyEndNote
fieldorcombinationoffields.
Subjectbibliographieshavediverseuses,including:generatinglistsofjournalabstracts;currentawarenesslists;subject
indexes;o
rlistsofholdingsbycategory.Typicalsubjectbibliographyheadingsa
rebyKeyword,Author,JournalTitle,orCall
Number.
Youcanprintentirebibliographiccitations,informationfromoneormorefields,recordIDs,ornothingatallundere
achheading.
Related Topics:
Printinga
SubjectBibliography
Printinga
SubjectList
SubjectB
ibliographySettings
Printing a Subject Bibliography

Toprintasubjectbibliography:
1. InthecurrentLibrarywindow,showonlythereferencesyouwishtoincludeinasubjectbibliography.
l FromtheReferencesmenu,selectShowAllReferencestoincludeallreferencesinthesubjectbibliography.
l ClickonaGroupnametodisplayonlythereferencesinaspecificgroup.
l FromtheToolsmenu,selectSearchLibrarytofindasubsetofreferencesforyoursubjectbibliography.
l Highlightindividualreferencesandthenuset heShowSelectedReferencescommandtolistthosereferencesforthesubjectbibliography.
2. Clickinthereferencelisttomakeittheactivep
anel.
3. FromtheToolsmenu,selectSubjectBibliographytodisplayalistoftheEndNotefieldsbydefaultfieldname.
4. Highlightthefield(s)whosecontentsy ouwishtouseassubjectheadings.
l ThemostcommonselectionisthesingleKeywordsfieldtocreateasubjectbibliography.
l Youcanincludeanynumberoffields.Ifyoub
uildthelistofheadingsfrommorethanonefield,thesubjectheadings
generatedfromthesefieldsarecombinedintoasinglelist.
l Ifyoumixdatefieldswithotherfields,datesw
illsortbeforealphabeticsubjectheadings.
l Toquicklyselectallfieldsorclearallfields,u
sethebuttonsontherightsideofthedialog.Youcanc lickonindividualfields
toselectordeselectthem.
5. Selectthecheckboxesasneededtodeterminewhethera
nentirefieldisusedasaheading,orwhetherafieldshouldbe
splitintomultipleheadings.
l "Listeachauthorseparately",whenc hecked,willlisteachauthornameasaseparateheading.Ifnotc hecked,allauthors
fromasinglefieldwillappearasasingleheading.
l "Inotherfields,listeachentrythatisseparatedbyslash,carriagereturn,orlinefeed",whenchecked,s eparatesanynonauthorfieldintomultiplesubjectheadings.
l TermsintheKeywordsfieldarealwayslistedasseparateheadings.
6. ClickOKtodisplaythetermsfoundinthefieldsy ouselected.
7. Selectthosetermsyouwishtoincludeassubjecth
eadings.
l Toquicklyselectalltermsorclearallterms,u
sethebuttonstotherightofthedialog.
l Youmaywanttoselectalltermsandthenc licktodeselectthefewtermsyoudonotwantincluded.
8. ClickOKtoformatthesubjectbibliographyonthescreen.
Ifyouwanttomodifythetermselectionsyoujustset,toeitheraddo
rremovetermsfromtheselectedfield(s),c lickonthe
Termsbutton.
Note:S
ubjectheadingsprintastheyappearinyourrecords.Nospecialformattingo
fauthornamesandnojournaltitlesubstitutionisapplied.
9. ClickontheLayoutbuttontomodify thelayouta
ndstyleofyoursubjectbibliography.Verifythesettingsonthe
References,Terms,P
ageLayout,andBibliographyL
ayouttabs,particularlytheseitemsontheReferencestab:
l OutputStyle,whichdeterminesthebibliographics tyleusedtoformateachreference.
l ReferenceListTitle,whichprintsatthetopofthebibliography
l ReferenceListOrder,whichdeterminestheordero
freferencesundereachsubjectheading
UsetheTermstabtosetoptionsspecificallyforsubjectheadings.Forasubjectbibliography,itisimportanttoselecttheSubjectTermsandReferenceListitem.
ClickOKtosavechangestoa
lloftheLayouttabs.
10. Onceyoursubjectbibliographyissetupthewayy ouwantit,youcandooneofthese:
l DisplayaformattedpageviewbyclickingPrintP
review.
l PrinttoyourprinterbyclickingthePrintb
utton.APrintdialogwillappear.VerifysettingsandclickOKorP
rint.
l Printtoadiskfile(Text,RTF,orHTML)byc lickingtheSaveb
utton.Adialogappearsforyoutonamethefile.Selectthe
filet ype,nameandplacethefile,andclickSave.
Note:InyourWebbrowser,setencodingto"Unicode-UTF8toappropriatelydisplayextendedUnicodecharactersinan
exportedHTMLdocument.
11. ClosetheSubjectBibliographywindowwhenyoua
redoneviewingit.
Printing a Subject List

Asubjectlistisasortedlistofuniqueterms(wordsorphrases)thato
ccurinparticularfieldsoftherecordsyouchoose.Youcan
baseasubjectlistonanyEndNotefieldorcombinationoffields.
Toprintasubjectlist:
1. DeterminewhichreferencesyouwantEndNotetou
sewhenbuildingthesubjectlist,anddisplayonlythosereferencesin
theLibrarywindow.
l FromtheReferencesmenu,selectShowAllReferencestoincludeallreferencesinthesubjectlist.
l ClickonaGroupnametodisplayonlythereferencesinaspecificgroup.
l FromtheToolsmenu,selectSearchLibrarytofindasubsetofreferencesforyoursubjectlist.
l Highlightindividualreferencesandthenuset heShowSelectedReferencescommandtolistthosereferencesforthesubjectlist.
2. ClickintheReferencelisttomakeittheactivep
anel.
3. FromtheToolsmenu,selectSubjectBibliography.ASubjectFieldsdialogappears,listingtheEndNotefieldsbydefault
fieldname.
4. Highlightthefield(s)w
hosecontentsyouwishtouseassubjectheadings.
l Youcanincludeanynumberoffields.
l Ifyoubuildthelistfrommorethanonefield,thetermsgeneratedfromthefieldsarecombinedintoasinglelist.
l Toquicklyselectallfieldsorclearallfields,u
sethebuttonstotherightofthedialog.
l Clickonindividualfieldstoselectordeselectthem.
5. Selectthecheckboxesasneededtodeterminewhethera
nentirefieldisusedasaterm,orwhetherafieldshouldbesplit
intomultipleterms.
l "Listeachauthorseparately",whenc hecked,willlisteachauthornameasaseparateentry.Ifnotchecked,a
llauthors
fromasinglefieldwillappearasasingleentry.
l "Inotherfields,listeachentrythatisseparatedbyslash,carriagereturn,orlinefeed",whenchecked,s eparatesanynonauthorfieldintomultipleentries.
l TermsintheKeywordsfieldarealwayslistedasseparateentries.
6. ClickOKtodisplaythetermsfoundinthefield(s)youselected.
7. Selectthetermsyouwantinthesubjectlist.
l Toquicklyselectalltermsorclearallterms,u
sethebuttonsontherightsideofthedialog.
l Youmaywanttoselectalltermsandthenc licktodeselectthefewtermsyoudonotwantincluded.
8. ClickOKtodisplayyoursubjectlist.Ifthewindowd
oesnotdisplayasimplelistofterms,youmustmodifysettingso
nthe
ConfigureSubjectBibliographydialogasdescribednext.
9. ClicktheLayoutbuttontodisplaytheConfigureS
ubjectBibliographydialog.
10. OntheReferencestab,enteraReferenceListTitle,whichwillprintatthetopofthelist.
Whenyouprintasubjectlist,theothersettingsontheReferenceL
isttabaresimplyignored.Theoutputstyleisignored
becauseyoua
renotprintingformattedreferences,andthesortordersetherea
ppliesonlytoformattedreferences.The
sortorderoftermsisseto
ntheTermstab.
11. OntheTermstab:
l ReferenceListmustbesettoSubjectTermsO
nly.
l IncludemayincludeSubjectTermCountsand/ora
ListofRecordIDsifyouwish.
l SubjectTermLayoutcanbesettoprinttermsinAlphabeticalorTermCountorderandinAscendingorDescendingo
rder.
l DonotincludeaPrefix,andincludeacaret-p(^p)asaSuffixsoeachtermprintsasan
ewparagraphonanewline.
l ApplyStylesasyouwish.However,ifyouprinttoatextfileallstylesarestripped.
12. ClickonthePageL
ayouttabifyouwishtochangethefont,size,orpagemargins.
Note:T
heBibliographyLayouttabappliestosubjectbibliographiesonly,andd
oesnotaffectasimplesubjectlist.
13. ClickOKtosavechangestothedialogandupdatet helistintheSubjectBibliographywindow.
Ifthewindowstilldoesnotshowthelisty ouneed,youcanclickontheTermsbuttontoselectordeselecttermsfromthe
selectedfield(s)orclickLayoutagaintomakemorechangestotheConfigureSubjectBibliographydialog.
14. View,printordismissthelist:
l ClickPrintPreviewtoseeapagelayoutviewofthebibliography.
l ClickPrinttoprinttoaprinter.ThePrintd
ialogappears.VerifysettingsandclickOKorPrint.
l ClickSavetoprinttoadiskfile.Afiledialogappearsforyoutonamethefile.Selectthefiletype(text,RTF,orHTML),
namethefile,andc lickSave.
l ClickClosetodismisstheSubjectBibliographyw
indowandreturntoyourrecordlist.
Note:Termsareprintedastheyappearinyourrecords.Nospecialformattingofauthorn
amesandnojournalabbreviationsare
applied.
Subject Bibliography Settings

Subject Bibliography Settings
Toaccesssubjectbibliographysettings,firstgenerateasubjectbibliographyfromtheToolsmenu.Oncethesubjectbibliography
orsubjectlistisd
isplayed,aLayoutbuttonbecomesavailable.WhenyouclicktheLayoutb
utton,thesetabsareavailable:
l TheReferencesTab
l TheTermsTab
l ThePageLayoutTab
l TheBibliographyLayoutTab
Note:Somesubjectb
ibliographysettingsareupdatedfromthecurrentoutputstyle,sochangesy oumakearenotsavedfor
futuresubjectbibliographies. Ifyouhaves pecialsettingsthatyouwanttoalwaysuseforsubjectbibliographies,itmaybeeasier
tocopyandmodifyanoutputstylespecificallyforgeneratings ubjectbibliographies.
The References Tab

WhenyouselectSubjectBibliographyfromtheToolsmenutoformatas ubjectbibliographyorsubjectlist,aLayoutbuttonisavailabletod
isplayaConfigureSubjectBibliographydialogandchangesettings.ThistopicdescribestheReferencestabavailableon
thatdialog.
Output Style:Usethedrop-downlisttoselectanoutputstylefromthelistortoSelectAnotherStylethatdoesnotcurrently
appearinthelist.
IfyouopttoSelectAnotherStyle,EndNotewilldisplaytheChoosea
Stylewindow,whereyoucanchoosefromover4,500output
styles.UsetheFindbyb
uttontonarrowthelistofoutputstyles bydiscipline.S
electastyleinthelistandclickChoose.
Note:EndNoteincludesm
orethan4,500individualb
ibliographicstyles.Bydefault,onlythemostpopularstylesares toredas
individualfilesintheStylesfolderinyourEndNotefolder.T
oinstalladditionalstyles,seeInstallingA
dditionalOutputStyles.
Theoutputstyleisusedtoformatthereferencesinasubjectbibliography.T
hissettingisignoredforasubjectlist.
Reference List Title:Typea
titleinthetextboxtoprintatthetopofyoursubjectlistorsubjectb
ibliography.Toapplycharacter
stylestotheReferenceListTitle,selectthetextandusekeyboardshortcuts.
Bold
Italics
Underlining
Ctrl+B
Ctrl+I
Ctrl+U
Bibliography Sort Order:Clickonabuttontoselectthesortorderyouwishtousefortheformattedreferencesprintedunder

eachsubjectheadinginasubjectbibliography.T
hissettingisignoredforasubjectlist.
Related Topics:
TheBibliographyL
ayoutTab
ThePageL
ayoutTab
TheTermsTab
The Terms Tab

isplayaConfigureSubjectBibliographydialogandchangesettings.ThistopicdescribestheTermstabavailableonthat
dialog.
Selecting a Subject List or Subject Bibliography
IntheReferenceListareaoftheTermstab,selectoneofthetworadiob
uttons:
l SubjectT
ermsOnlyprintseachuniquesubjectterm.ItdoesNOTprintf ormattedreferencesbeloweachterm.
l SubjectT
ermsandReferenceListprints eachsubjecttermwithrelatedreferenceslistedbelowit.
Note:Theoptionso
nthistabaresavedforthissubjectbibliographysessionandforfutures essions,untilyouchangethem
again.So,ifyougeneratealistofSubjectT
ermsOnly,thenexttimeyouselectSubjectBibliography,youwillproducea
simple
subjectlistagain.Toincludeformattedreferences,clicktheL
ayoutbuttonandtheTermstabtoselectSubjectTermsandReferenceL
ist.
Whenprintingsubjecttermswithreferencelists,EndNotetypicallyp
rintseachuniquesubjectheadingonlyoncewiththerelated
referenceslistedbelow.YoucanselecttheRepeatingSubjectTermsboxtoprinta
subjecttermbeforeeachformattedreference.
Forexample:
American Museum of Natural History
1. Personalities in Paleontology. 2002, American Museum
of
Natural History.
Antarctica
2. Quilty,
Antarctica
3. Whitney, J.R.,
SelecttheRecyclingReferenceNumbersboxtorestartreferencenumberingforeachsubjectheading.Forexample:
Recycling Reference
Numbers
Heading Number One
1.Firstformattedreference
2.Secondformattedreference
Heading Number Two
Continuous Reference
Numbers
Heading Number One
Heading Number Two
Including Subject Term Counts or Record IDs

IntheIncludeareaoftheTermstabyoucancheckaboxtoinclude,fortherecordsselectedforoutput:
l Subject Term Countsprints anumbernexttothesubjecttermtoindicatehowmanyrecordscontaintheterm.Forexample:
Evolution(1)
Excavation(4)
Extinction(12)
SubjectTermCountsalways printonthesamelineasthesubjectterm,s urroundedbyparentheses,andseparatedfromtheterm
bythreespaces.
l List of Record IDsp

rints therecordIDsoftherecordsthatc ontaintheterm.Youcanprintthelistofrecord
Excavation34,33,6,48
Extinction34,46,6,48,96,98,10,125,1
32,148,162,
11
or
Excavation
34,33,6,48
Extinction
34,46,6,48,96,98,10,125,132,148,162,11
Whenyouprinttheseitemsonthesamelineastheterm,theyarealwayss eparatedbythreespaces.Thatway,youcansavetoa
wordprocessorf ile,replacethethreespaces byatabcharacter,andconvertthetexttoatable,usingthetabasaseparator.You
canprintbothtermcountsa
ndrecordIDs:
Excavation(4)
34,33,6,48
Extinction(12)
34,46,6,48,96,98,10,125,132,148,162,11
Sorting the Subject Terms
Youhavefouroptionsfororderingyoursubjectterms:
l By Term - AlphabeticalsortssubjecttermsbyDatefordatefields,andthenalphanumericorder(1-9,A-Z)forallotherfields.
l By Term - Inverse AlphabeticalsimplyreversestheByTerm-Alphabeticalorder(Z-A,9-1,Dates).
l By Term Count - Ascendingliststermsbasedonhowoftentheyappearinrecords.Forexample,atermthatappearsinonly
onereferencewoulddisplayatthetopofthelist,whereasatermusedin20referenceswouldappearfurtherdowninthelist.
l By Term Count - Descendingreversest heByTermCount-Ascendingorder,sothemost-usedtermsarelistedfirst.
Note:Thissorto
rdersettingaffectssubjectheadingsonly.Ifyouwanttochangetheo
rderofthereferencesprintedbeloweach
heading,dosoontheReferencestaboftheConfigureSubjectBibliographydialog.
Inserting Space or Text Around Subject Terms
Usethe"Prefix"and"Suffix"textboxestoprintt extorpunctuationbeforeoraftereachsubjectterm.
Eachtermmayincludeasubjecttermcountand/oralistofrecordIDs.Theorderofoutputis:
TextBefore|SubjectTerm|SubjectTermCount|
ListofRecordIDs|TextAfter|ReferenceList
Youcanusethesespecialformattingcodesinthetextboxes:
Special Formatting Codes
NewParagraph:
NewLine:
^P
^L
Tab:
Bold:
Italics:
Underlining:
^T
Ctrl+B
Ctrl+I
Ctrl+U
Bydefault,thePrefixboxcontains"^p"andtheSuffix boxc ontains"^p^pinordertoleaveb

lanklinesbetweeneachsubjectheadingandthefirstcitationlistedb
elowit.
WhenyouprintSubjectTermsOnly,youwillprobablywanttoprintonlya
single"^p"aftereachterm,soeachsubjecttermbegins
ona
newlinewithnoblanklinesbetweenthem.
Applying Styles
IntheStylesareaoftheTermstab,checktheappropriateboxestos eparatelyapplystylestoSubjectTerms,SubjectTerm
Counts,andtheListofRecordIDs.Youcancombinestylesina
nyway,suchas:
Antarctica(2)144, 12
1. Quilty,Cycleryon. Journal of
Paleontology, 2000. 62(4): p. 619.
2. Whitney, J.R.,Evidence for
Triceratops in Antarctica, in New Directions in Paleontology,
Applystylestobibliographicreferencesbymodifyingtheoutputstyle.
Ifyousaveyourlisttoatextfile,allstyleswillbestripped.
Related Topics:
TheBibliographyL
ayoutTab
ThePageL
ayoutTab
TheReferencesTab
The Page Layout Tab

isplayaConfigureSubjectBibliographydialogandchangesettings.ThistopicdescribesthePageLayouttabavailable
onthatdialog.
Select the Default Font and Size:U
sethedrop-downliststoselectadefaultfontandsizeforyoursubjecth
eadingsorsubject
terms.Fontandsizeforbibliographicreferencesaresetintheoutputstyle.
Set Margins:Enteryourpagem
arginsininches.
Position Page Numbers:Usethec heckboxestodeterminewhetheryourpagesarenumberedandwhethertos uppressthefirst
pagenumber.Usethedrop-downliststodeterminelocationa
ndalignmentofpagenumbers.
Related Topics:
TheBibliographyL
ayoutTab
TheReferencesTab
TheTermsTab
The Bibliography Layout Tab

isplayaConfigureSubjectBibliographydialogandchangesettings.ThistopicdescribestheBibliographyLayouttab
availableonthatdialog.
TheoptionsavailableontheBibliographyLayouttabaffectonlytheb
ibliographicreferencesprintedinasubjectbibliography.
Thesesettingsarenotusedwhenyouprintasimplesubjectlist.
Note:Whenyous electanoutputstyle,thesettingsonthistabchangetoreflectthes ettingsfoundintheoutputstyle.Youcan
overridethosesettingsforthissession,butchangestothistabarenotsavedafteryouclosethes ubjectbibliographywindow.If
youwanttomakethechangespermanent,edittheoutputstyle.Youcanmakeacopyoftheoutputstyletoedits pecificallyfor
subjectbibliographies.
Starting and Ending Each Reference with a Special Character or Text

Usethe"Starteachreferencewith"andthe"Endeachreferencewith"textboxestoenterfields,text,orpunctuationtoprint
beforeandaftereveryformattedreference.
Simplyclickinoneofthetextboxesandtypetext.YoucanusetheInsertFieldbuttontoentercontrolcharactersorfieldsofinformationa
sdescribedbelow.
l Useo
neoftheInsertFieldbuttonstoinsertthesecontrolcharactersinatextbox:
End of Paragraphinsertsaparagraphmarker,whichmovesthefollowingtexttothenextline.
Tabinsertsatabcharacter.Thespacingfortabsisdeterminedbytherulers ettingsinyourwordprocessor.
Forced Separationinsertsaverticalbar.Useverticalbarstoattachpunctuationtoaspecificfield,sothatifthefieldis
emptythepunctuationwillnotprint.
Forexample,toincludethetext"Note:"beforethenotefield,firstinsertaverticalbar,typethetext" Note:",insertthe
Notesfield,theninsertanotherverticalb
ar.Your"Notes:"textwillprintonlywhenaNotesfieldc ontainsinformation,and
notwhenitisempty.
Link Adjacent Textkeepstexttogethersothatitwillnotbebrokenbetweenlinesorpages.
Singular/Pluralc hangesbetweenthesingularandpluralversionofaword,suchaseditorv ersuseditors.
l Enterthesefieldsofinformationinthe"Starteachreferencewith"b
oxbyclickingtheInsertFieldbuttonandselectingthefield
name:
Reference TypeprintstheReferenceType(suchasJournalArticleorBook)ofeachreference.
Labelp
rintsthelabelfieldfromeachreference.
Citationp
rints thein-textcitationformofeachreference.
Bibliography Numberprints thesequentialnumberassignedtothereferenceinthesortedlistbeloweachheading.
Record Numberp
rintstheuniqueEndNoterecordnumberfromeachreference.
l Enterthesefieldsofinformationinthe"Endeachreferencewith"b
oxbyclickingtheInsertFieldbuttonandselectingthefield
name:
Labelp
rintstheLabelfieldfromeachreference.
Keywordsp
rints theentireKeywordsfieldforeachreference.
Abstractp
rints theAbstractfieldfromeachreference.
Notesp
rintstheNotesfieldfromeachreference.
Record Numberp
rintstheuniqueEndNoterecordnumberfromeachreference.
Setting a Hanging Indent

Usethedrop-downlisttoapplyahangingindenttoparagraphsineachformattedreference.
Numbering References
Enterastartingreferencenumberforbibliographicreferencesprintingb
eloweachheading.Thissettingisignoredifreferencenumberingisnotappliedfromthecurrentoutputstyle.
Related Topics:
ThePageL
ayoutTab
TheReferencesTab
TheTermsTab
Examples of Subject Bibliographies

Using Author Names as Subject Headings
Thisexampleusesauthornamesassubjectheadings.The"Listeacha
uthorseparately"boxwascheckedontheSubjectFields
dialog,s othatsingleauthornamesareusedforheadingsratherthanentireauthorfields.UppercasingwasappliedtotheS
ubject
Terms.
BAKER, V.R.
1. V. R. Baker,Geological Society of America Bulletin,
100, 1157 (1988).
BARLOW, CONNIE
2. C.Natural History110, 62 (Sept., 2001).
BARNES,
3. C. R.Geological Magazine125, 381 (1988).
Related Topics:
UsingC
allNumbersasSubjectHeadings
UsingK
eywordsasSubjectHeadings
Using Keywords as Subject Headings

Thisexampleuseskeywordsassubjectheadings,andrestartsreferencen
umberingaftereachsubjectheading.Youwouldselect
RecycleNumberingintheConfigureSubjectBibliographydialogontheTermstab.ThestartingreferencenumberissetontheBibliographyLayouttab.
Geochemistry
1. J. A.Dissertation Abstracts International, 61,

2957 (2000).
2. C.Bulletin , 37, 142 (June, 2000).
Geology
1. S. A. Lebedev, Ph.D., Princeton University
(2000).
Related Topics:
UsingA
uthorNamesasSubjectHeadings
UsingC
allNumbersasSubjectHeadings
Using Call Numbers as Subject Headings

Youcancreateatwo-columnoutputwithCallNumbers,suchas:
DL312
Forbes, C. S. (1860).
Iceland:Its volcanoes, geysers,
and glaciers. London, J. Murray.
Tocreateatwo-columnoutput:
1. IntheS
ubjectFields dialog,selecttheCallNumberfield.
2. Selecta
noutputstylethatdoesnotnumbercitations.
3. OntheL
ayout/Termstab:
l SelectSubjectTermsandReferenceListwithR epeatingSubjectTerms.
l DonotincludeSubjectTermCountsoralisto
fRecordIDs.
l InsertatabbetweeneachsubjectheadingandreferencewiththeSuffixbox(insert^t).
4. Savet hesubjectbibliographytoawordprocessorfile.
5. Withy ourwordprocessor,converttheoutputtoatwo-columntable,sortb
ythefirstcolumn,adjustthecolumnwidths,and
reformattheparagraphs tyle.
Related Topics:
UsingA
uthorNamesasSubjectHeadings
UsingK
eywordsasSubjectHeadings
Reference Types
About Reference Types
YourEndNotelibrarycancontainreferencesfromavarietyofdifferents ources,suchasbooks,journalarticles,andnewspaper
articles.Wecallthesedifferentsourcesreferencetypes.E
ndNoteprovidesbuilt-informsfortheseandothercommonreference
types.
Inadditiontoanall-encompassingGenericreferencetype,EndNotehasthreeUnusedand47pre-definedreferencetypes:
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
AggregatedDatabase
AncientText
Artwork
AudiovisualMaterial
Bill
Blog
Book
BookSection
Case
Catalog
ChartorTable
ClassicalWork
ComputerProgram
ConferencePaper
Dataset
Dictionary
EditedBook
ElectronicArticle
ElectronicBook
ElectronicBookSection
Encyclopedia
Equation
Figure
FilmorBroadcast
GovernmentDocument
Grant
Hearing
JournalArticle
LegalRuleorRegulation
MagazineArticle
Manuscript
Map
Music
NewspaperArticle
OnlineDatabase
OnlineMultimedia
Pamphlet
Patent
Report
Serial
l
l
l
l
l
Standard
Statute
Thesis
UnpublishedWork
WebPage
fReferenceTypes.
SeetheListo
Important Points About Reference Types

l Youcanassignaparticularreferencetypetoe
achreferenceenteredintoyourlibrary.
l TheReferenceTypespreference,accessiblethroughE
ndNotesPreferences,determineswhichfieldsareavailablefor
eachofthedifferentreferencetypes.
l TheReferenceTypespreferenceallowsupto4
8differenttypesofreferences,eachcapableofsupportingupto5
4fields
(includingthenameofthereferencetype).
l Ofthe48referencetypes,allbuttheGenerictypecanbemodified.
l UsetheReferenceTypespreferencetoadd,delete,orrenamefields.Youcanalsoaddorhidecompletereferencetypes.
l ThelayoutoftheGenericreferencetypeshouldb
eusedasaguidewhenmodifyingorcreatingreferencetypes.Rows
reservedforAuthorsshouldbeusedonlyfornames.
l ChangesmadetotheReferenceTypes preferencea
pplytoalllibrariesopenedunderthecurrentuseraccount.
l Ifyoumoveyourlibrarytoadifferentcomputer,y ourreferenceswillfollowthelayoutoftheReferenceTypespreferencefor
thecurrentuseraccountonthatcomputer,unlessyoualsotransfera
copyofyourreferencetypetable.SeeSharingY
our
ReferenceTypeTable.
l "DonotenterreferencedataintotheReferenceT
ypespreference".Thisdialogisdesignedtostorejustthen
amesofthe
referencefields.
l WhenyouuseCiteWhileYouWritetoinsertfiguresinMicrosoftWord,figuresfoundintheChartorTablereferencetype
areinsertedastables.Figuresfoundinanyotherreferencet ypeinEndNotewillformatasfiguresinWord.
Reference Types and Data Entry

ThechosenreferencetypespecifieswhichfieldsappearintheReferencew
indow.Forinstance,anEndNotejournalarticlereferenceincludesthefields "Journal,""Volume,"and"Issue,"w
hileabookreferenceincludesfieldssuchas"Publisher"and" City."
TheReferencewindow onlydisplaysthefieldsthatarerelevanttothechosenreferencetype.
Itisbesttoselectthereferencet ypebeforeenteringthebibliographicinformationinareference.However,y oucanchangethereferencetypeofareferenceatanytimeusingtheR
eferenceTypelistatthetopoftheReferencewindow.
Relationship Between Reference Types and Styles, Filters, and Connections

Styles,filters,andconnectionfilesc anincludetemplatesforallofthedifferentreferencetypes.Thisenablesv arioustypesofreferencestobeformatteddifferentlyinabibliographyo
rimporteddifferently,asnecessary.
Thereferencetypesandfieldsavailabletoyouwheneditingastyle,f ilter,orconnectionfiledependonhowthereferencetypes
areconfiguredintheReferenceTypespreference.ThesefilesupdateautomaticallytoreflectchangesmadeintheReference
Typespreference(suchaschangingthenameofafield).
Setting a Default Reference Type

Bydefault,theJournalArticlereferencetypeappearswhenyouinserta
newreference.Whileyoucanchangetheassignedreferencetypeduringd
ataentry,youmaywanttochangethedefaultsetting
Tochangethedefaultreferencetypesetting:
2. ClickonReferenceTypes.
3. ClicktheDefaultReferenceTypelistandchoosefromoneoftheavailablereferencetypes.
4. ClickApplytosavethechange.
The Generic Reference Type

Whenenteringreferencesintoyourlibrary,usetheGenerictypeonlyforreferencesthatdonotfitanyoftheotherreferencetypes.
Themoreimportantfunctionoft heGenericreferencetypeistosetupa
guidefortheotherreferencetypestofollow.
TheGenericfieldnamesareusedthroughouttheEndNoteprogram(fore
xample,intheSortReferencesdialogandtheSearch
panel)torefertoa
similarcategoryoffieldsthatcanbefoundinthedifferentreferencetypes.WhenyouchooseaGenericfield
nameinanyofthesedialogs,itreferstoallfieldnamesassignedtothatGenericrowoftheReferenceTypespreference.For
example,ifyouusetheSearchcommandtosearchtheAuthorfield,EndNotesearchesallfieldsthatappearintheGeneric
"Author"rowoftheReferenceTypespreference,includingfieldss uchas"Artist,""Reporter,"and"Cartographer."
Note:WheneditingtheReferenceTypespreferenceitisimportantthatyoukeepsimilarfieldsinthesamerow,asdefinedbythe
Genericfieldnamesatthestartoft herow.Eachreferencetypecancallthesefieldsb
yadifferentname;however,thecontentof
thefields shouldbesimilar.
Using the Generic Type in Styles

AlthoughtheGenericreferencetypeisrarelyusedfordataentry,itplaysanimportantroleinformattingbibliographies.Inaddition
toformattingG
enericreferences,theGenerictemplateinastyleisusedtoformata
nyreferencetypesthatarenotspecifically
definedinthestyle.Consequently,e
verybibliographicstyleshouldcontainaGenerictemplatesothatallreferencesgetformattedwhenEndNotecreatesabibliography.
Customizing Reference Types

Allofthereferencetypes,exceptforGeneric,canbemodifiedusingt heReferenceTypespreference.Wheneveryoumakea
changetoareferencetype,youshouldalsoedityourstyles tomakesurethattheycorrectlyformatthenewormodifiedreference
types.
Ifyouplantoshareyourlibrarieswithotherusers,youmaywanttolimittheuseofnewandmodifiedreferencetypes.
l TheReferenceTypestableappliestoalllibrariesopenedonacomputerfromyouruseraccount.
l Ifyourlibraryisopenedfromadifferentcomputero
radifferentuseraccount,yourreferenceswillfollowthelayoutofthe
ReferenceTypespreferenceforthatcomputeranduser,unlessy oualsotransferacopyofyourreferencetypetable.See
SharingY
ourReferenceTypeTable.
l Ifyoumodifyareferencetypeforrecordsiny ourEndNotelibrary,youshouldmakesurethatthereferencetypeisalso
createdormodifiedonothercomputersthatwillaccess thelibrary.
DonottrytoedittheReferenceTypespreferencetorearrangeinformationw ithinyourreferences.Forexample,ifyoudeletethe
"Journal"f ieldandretype"Journal"elsewhereinthecolumnforJournalA
rticles,youaresimplytellingEndNotetoclosethe
original"Journal"fieldanddisplayanewfieldcalled"Journal"inanotherlocationthisd
oesnotmoveyourdatafromtheoriginal
"Journal"fieldtothenewone.Anyreferencesthathaddataintheoriginal"Journal"fieldwillstillshowthatinformation,butthe
fieldwillhaveits"Generic"n
ameof"SecondaryTitle."Thenew"Journal"fieldw
illremainempty.
Thesetopicscanguideyouineditingreferencetypes:
l AboutReferenceTypes
l ListofPredefinedReferenceTypes
l TheGenericType
l SpecialFields
l TheReferenceTypesPreference
l AddingandDeletingReferenceT
ypes
l Adding,Deleting,andRenamingF
ields
l SharingYourReferenceTypeTable
The Reference Types Preference

TheReferenceTypespreferencedisplaystheavailablereferencetypesandthefieldsthateachreferencetypecontains.Usethe
ReferenceTypesp
referencetoadd,remove,orrenamefieldsortorenameareferencetype.
ToaccesstheReferenceTypespreference:
2. ClicktheReferenceTypesoptioninthelistofp
references.
3. ClicktheModifyReferenceTypesbuttonandtheR
eferenceTypespreferencewillopen.
4. Usethedrop-downlistatthetoptodisplayoneo
fthe48referencetypesintheright-handcolumn.
ThefirstcolumnoftheReferenceTypespreferenceisreservedfortheG
enericreferencetype,whichlistsalloftheavailable
fields.
Therowscorrespondtotheeditablefieldsthateachreferencetypec ancontain(includingthenameofthereferencetype).Each
namedcellinacolumnrepresentsafieldthatappearsinthereference.Thenameso
fthefieldsineachreferencetypeshould
closelycorrespondtotheirG
enericfieldnamesintheleftcolumn.
TheGenericcolumnisthecompletesetoffieldsthatcanbeincludedinanytypeofreferencenofieldscanbeaddedtothislist,
norcanthenamesoftheGenericfieldsbechanged.TheGenericreferencetypeserves asamodelforconstructingallotherreferencetypes.
Navigating in the Reference Types Dialog

l Usetheverticalscrollbartoseetheadditionalf ieldsavailableforeachreferencetype.
l TheUporDownArrowkeysselectthepreviousornextfield,respectively,withinthesamereferencetype.
l ClickOKtosaveyourchangesandtoclosetheM
odifyReferenceTypesdialog.ClickApplywheny oureturntotheEndNotePreferencedialogsaveyoursettings.
l ClickEndNoteDefaultstoreturnyourreferencetypesettingstotheiroriginalEndNotesettings.Forexample,ify oumake
changestooneormorefields,clickthisbuttonifyouwanttorestoretheoriginalsettings.
l ClickApplytoAllRefTypestochangethefieldforallreferencetypes.Forexample,ifyoumakechangestooneorm
ore
fields,clickthisbuttontoapplyyourchangestoallreferencet ypes.
l PresstheEsckeyorclickCanceltoexitfromtheReferenceTypespreferencewithoutsavinganychanges.
Adding, Changing, and Hiding Reference Types

TherearethreeReferenceTypestitledUnused,whereyoucandefinea
newtypeofreference.Ifthesearealreadyinuse,youcan
overwriteotherreferencetypesthatyoudonotneedinordertocreatenewreferencetypes.Forexample,ifyoursubjectarea
neverinvolvesart,youmayhaven
ousefortheArtworkreferencetype;youcouldreplaceitwithanotherreferencetype.
Toaddanewreferencetype:
1. FromtheE
ditmenu,selectPreferences.
2. SelecttheReferenceTypeoptioninthelistofpreferences,andthenclickModifyReferenceTypestoopentheReference
Typespreference.
3. Usethedrop-downlistatthetoptoselectoneo
ftheUnusedreferencetypes.Ifallofthe"Unused"referencetypesarein
use,selectareferencetypethatyouarewillingtoo
verwrite.
4. Typeanameforthatnewreferencetypeintothec olumnheading.
Note:Areferencetypemusth
avefieldsdefinedinordertoappearinthereferencetypelistforneworexistingreferences.
IfyousimplychangethenameofanU nusedreferencetype,itwillnotappearinyourreferencetypelist.Y
oumustalso
includefieldsinthereferencetypeasdescribednext.
5. Continuedownthecolumnforthatreferencetype,addingnewfieldsasnecessary.(Deleteorrenameunwantedfields if
youareoverwritinganotherreferencetype.)RemembertomatchthemeaningofthefieldsyouaddwiththeGenericrow
headings.Itisoftenhelpfultousetheotherreferencetypesasguides,too.
6. ClickOKafteryouhaveaddedallofthenecessaryf ields,andyouwillreturntothemainPreferenceswindowforReferenceT
ypes.
7. ClickOKtosavey ourchanges.
Youcannowusethisnewreferencetypewhenenteringreferences.Yous houldalsoedityourstylessothattheycorrectlyreflect
thetypeofformatrequiredforthisnewreferencetype.Ifyouoverwriteanexistingreferencetype,anyreferencesthatusedthe
oldreferencetypewillchanget ousethenewreferencetype.
Note:Ifyoueverp
lantousejournalarticlesinyourlibrary,donotoverwritetheJournalA
rticleorElectronicArticlereference
types.Thesetworeferencetypesa
retheonlyonesforwhichJournalAbbreviationreplacementscanbemadew
iththeJournals
TermList.
To globally change a reference type:
YoucaneasilychangeareferencetypeofasinglereferencebyselectingthatreferenceandgoingtotheReferencewindow.In
thetoolbar,opentheReferenceTypemenu,andthenselecttheneededreferencetype.Wheny oureturntotheLibrarywindow,
theRefTypecolumnwillshowthenewreferencetypethatyouselected
Thefollowinginstructionsmaybeusedtochangethereferencetypeforallreferencestoanotherreferencetype.
1. GototheLibrarywindowandclicktheR
efTypecolumnheadingtosortallreferencetypesofthesametype.
2. DecidewhichreferencetypeyouwantEndNotet ochange.MakesureonlythosereferencesareshowingintheLibrary
windowthatyouwanttochange.Usethefollowingcommandstocontrolw hichreferencesareshowing:ShowAllReferences,HideSelectedReferences,ShowSelectedReferences,orSearchLibrary.
4. FromtheSelectaFieldlist,selecttheR eferenceTypeoptionthatappearsatthebottomofthelist.Itisthelastoptionin
thelist.
5. Inthe"Searchfor"box,typethereferencetypethatyouwanttochange.
Bydefault,theMatchWordsoptionisalwaysselected.Ifyouchanget hissetting,paycloseattentiontowhetherornotthe
termyouarec hangingcouldappearaspartofanotherword(forexample,NewspaperA
rticle).
7. Inthe"Changethetextto:"b
ox,typethereferencetypethatshouldreplacetheoriginalreferencetype.
9. ClickChangetosearchthereferencetypesforthespecifiedtextandreplaceitwiththenewtext.Beforereplacinga
nyreferencetype,EndNotehasyouverifythechange.ThedialogE
ndNotepresentsprovidesthisinformation:
l Whatreferencetypewillbereplaced
l Howmanyreferenceswerefoundofthespecifiedreferencetype.
l Whatreferencetypewillreplaceit
10. ClickOKifallofthoseitemsarecorrect.E
ndNotereplacesthereferencetypeanddisplaysthenumberofreferencesthat
werechanged.
Important Points About the Find and Replace Command

l TheFindandReplaceTextcommandappliesonlytothereferencesshowingintheLibrarywindow.
l WhenusingFindandReplace,thenewtextdoesnotadoptthetextstyleofthetextbeingreplaced.Forexample,ifyou
replaceanitalicizedwordorphrase,thenewtextwill notbeitalicized.Inthisinstance,EndNotechangesthetexttothe
currentstyle(forexample,PlainTextandPlainSize).
l Ifyouneedtosearchfortextandthendeleteit,simplyleavethe"Changethetextto"boxempty.
l WhenusingtheRetainCapitalizationoption,EndNotemaintainsALLCAPITALLETTERSand"Sentencestyle"c apitalization.Itwillnotrecognize"HeadlineStyle."Ifthefirstletterofthetexttobereplacedislowercase,thereplacement
textwillbecapitalizedexactlyasitwasenteredinthedialog.
l ToenteraCarriageReturnorTabinthetextbox,usetheInsertSpecialbutton.
To hide an unwanted reference type:
1. FromtheEditmenu,selectPreferences,selecttheReferenceTypeoptioninthelistofpreferences,andthenclickModify
ReferenceTypestoopentheReferenceTypespreference.
2. Usethedrop-downlistatthetoptofindthereferencet ypethatyouwanttohide.
3. Addaperiodbeforethereferencetypes nameinthecolumnheadertohaveEndNoteremovethatitemfromtheReference
TypelistintheReferencewindowsandelsewhere.Thedefinition,h
owever,remainsincaseyoulaterwishtorestoreitby
removingtheperiod.
Forexample,ifyouwerehidingtheMapreferencetype,thecolumnh
eadingwouldbe".Map".
4. ClickOKtoreturntothemainPreferenceswindowf orReferenceTypes.
Onceyouhavehiddenareferencetype,youshouldnotselectitunderPreferencesasthedefaultreferencetypefornewreferences;ifyoudo,E
ndNotewilldefaulttotheGenericreferencetype.
Adding, Deleting, and Renaming Fields

Therearedifferentwaysyoucancustomizethevariousreferencetypes.Ifanexistingreferencetypedoesnotcontainallofthe
fieldsthaty ouneed,youcandefineanewfieldorrenameanexistingfield.Similarly,ifthereisafieldthatyouknowyouwillnever
use,youcandeleteitfromthereferencetypesothatitnolongerappearsinyourreferences.
Note:BesuretoreadaboutSpecialFieldsbeforechanginga
nyfields.
Toaddafieldtoareferencetype:
1. FromtheEditmenu,selectPreferences,selecttheReferenceTypeoptioninthelistofpreferences,andclickModifyReferenceTypestoopentheReferenceTypespreference.
2. Usethedrop-downlistatthetoptofindthereferencet ypethatyouwanttochange.
3. LookatthefieldnameslistedintheGenericcolumna
ndfindtheonewiththemostsimilarmeaningtothefieldthatyou
wanttoadd.Makesurethatthecorrespondingcellisblankforthereferencetypethatyouaremodifying.Ifitisnotblank,
thenyous houlduseanotherfield.
4. Clickintheblankcellandtypethenameforthenewfield.
5. (Optional)Ifyouwanttoaddthenewfieldtoa
llreferencetypes,clicktheApplytoAllRefTypesbutton.
Torenameafield:
1. FromtheEditmenu,selectPreferences,selecttheReferenceT
ypeoptioninthelistofpreferences,andclickModifyReferenceT
ypestoopentheReferenceTypespreference.
3. Withinthecolumnforthatreferencetype,findthefieldnamethatyouwanttochange,clickonit,andtypeanewn
amefor
thefieldtoreplacethecurrentname.
4. (Optional)Ifyouwanttochangethefieldfora
llreferencetypes,clicktheApplytoAllRefTypesbutton.
6. ClickOKtos aveyourchanges.
Styles,filters,andconnectionfilesupdateautomaticallytousethenewname.
Todeleteafieldfromareferencetype:
1. FromtheEditmenu,selectPreferences,selecttheReferenceTypeoptioninthelistofpreferences,andclickModifyReferenceTypestoopentheReferenceTypespreference.
3. Findthenameofthefieldyouwanttodeleteands electit.
4. PresstheDeleteorBackspacekeytoclearthatfieldname.
5. (Optional)Ifyouwanttodeletethefieldfroma
llreferencetypes,clicktheApplytoAllRefT
ypesbutton.
Thedeletedfieldnolongerappearsinanyreferencesusingthatreferencet ype.However,iftherewasanyinformationinthe
deletedfield,itstilla
ppearsinthereference,butthefieldisdisplayedwithitsGenericn
ame.Forexample,supposeyouremove
theEditorfieldfromtheBookreferencetype.Thereafter,whenyouaddnewbookreferencestoyourlibrary,therew illbenoavailablefieldforenteringaneditor.However,ifyoueditanoldbookreference,oneinwhichyouhadenteredaneditorsname,the
namewillbedisplayedinthefieldtitledSecondaryAuthor.ItisthesameEditorfieldthatwasusedoriginally,howeveritisnow
displayedw ithitsGenericname.
Datainafieldisnotdeletedbydeletingafieldfromareferencetypeformat.Toremovealltextfromafield,usethe"ClearField"
optionintheChangeFieldcommand.YoucanalsomovedatafromonefieldtoanotherusingtheMoveFieldcommandontheReferencesmenu.
Sharing Your Reference Type Table

AnEndNoteusercanshareacustomizedreferencetypetablewithanotherE
ndNoteuser.Keepinmind,however,thatwhenyou
dothis,youcompletelyreplacetherecipientsexistingreferencetypetable.
First,exportthereferencetypetableyouwishtoshare:
1. Fromthedonorsuseraccount,startEndNote.
references.
4. UnderReferenceTypeTable,clickExporttodisplaya
filedialog.
5. Namethefile,selectafolderwhereyouwillbea
bletofinditlater,andclickSave.EndNotewillappendan.xmlsuffixto
thefilename.
6. Copytheexported.xmlfiletotherecipients computer.
Then,importthetableforadifferentuser:
Note:Replacinga
notheruser'sreferencetypetableoverwritesallchangestohis/herc urrentreferencetypetable.
1. Fromtherecipients useraccount,start EndNote.
references.
4. UnderReferenceTypeTable,clickImporttodisplaya
filedialog.
5. Inthefiledialog,locate,highlight,andopenthe.xmlfilethatwaspreviouslyexported.
Special Fields
EndNoteincludes54fields (includingthefirstfield,whichcontainsthenameofthereferencetype).Eacho
fthedifferentEndNote
datafieldsisavailableforusebythedifferentreferencetypes.Initially,onlytheGenericreferencetypeincludesallfields.Few
restrictionsareplacedonthetypeoftextthatcanbeentered.H owever,thereareafewfieldsthatarereservedforspecificfunctions.
Author Fields
TheAuthor,SecondaryAuthor,TertiaryAuthor,a
ndSubsidiaryAuthorrowsintheReferenceTypespreferencearespeciallyc onfiguredtohandleauthorn
ames,andshouldnotbeusedforanydataotherthannames.
WhenEndNotecreatesabibliography,theinformationinthesefieldsisformattedaccordingtothespecificationso
ftheselected
stylesAuthorListandEditorListsettings.(TheAuthorL
istisusedfortheAuthorfield;EditorListisusedforSecondaryAuthor,
TertiaryAuthor,andSubsidiaryAuthorfields.)Ifyouputtextothert hanpersonalnamesinanyofthesefields,EndNotewillstill
trytointerpretitandformatitasapersonsname.
TheLibrarywindowdisplaysthelastn
ameofthefirstauthorthatitfindsintheAuthorfield.Thatnameisalsousedinthetemporarycitationsinsertedintowordprocessingd
ocuments.
Note:Ifyouhavea
corporateauthornameinanAuthorfield,putacommaafterthenames othatEndNotedoesnotinterpretitas
afirstandlastname.Forexample,AcmeCorporationshouldbeenteredas"AcmeCorporation,".
Title Fields
ThethreefieldsthattheGenerictypeusesfortitlesTitle,SecondaryTitle,a
ndTertiaryTitleareusuallyfoundunderdifferent
namesinotherreferencet ypes.Forexample,asectionofabookwhichispartofaseries willu
seallthreetitlefields:thechapter
titlewouldbelonginthemainT
itlefield,thebooktitlecorresponds totheSecondaryTitlefield,a
ndtheseries titlecorrespondsto
theTertiaryTitlefield.
TheGenericSecondaryTitleandAlternateTitlefieldsmaptotheJournala
ndAlternateJournalfields,respectively.Thefields
listedbelow,foundinspecificreferencetypes,aretheonlyonesthatcanbeusedwiththeJ ournalstermlisttomodifyjournal
namesinformattedbibliographies.
l JournalArticlereferencetypeJournalfield
l JournalArticlereferencetypeAlternateJournalfield
l ElectronicArticlereferencetypePeriodicalTitlefield
Pages Field
Thefields intherowreservedforpagen
umbersaretheonlyonesthatworkwiththePageNumbersoptioninthestyles.ThisfeatureletsyouspecifyhowEndNoteshouldformatthep
agenumbersinthebibliography(firstpageonlyorafullorabbreviated
rangeofpages).Similarly,anyfieldinthePagesrowoftheReferenceT
ypespreferencecantakeadvantageofaspecialformattingcharacterinthestyles:thecaret(^).Thischaracterallowsyoutopickasingulara
ndpluralformofatermtoprecedeorfollowthepagesinabibliography,forexample"p.25"and"pp.3
2-45.Ifyouenterpagenumbersinanyotherpartofthereference,
theycannotbeusedwiththesefeatures.
URL Field
WhenacorrectlyformattedURLise
nteredintothisfield,theOpenURLcommandintheReferencesmenucanb
eusedtolaunch
yourWebbrowserandtakeyoutothatsite.
WhenareferenceisselectedandOpenURLischosen,EndNotecheckstheURLfieldforaURL.Nootherfieldsarec hecked.
SeeURLa
ndLinkingaURLt oanEndNoteReference.
File Attachments Field

UsetheFileA
ttachmentsfieldtostorethepathtofilesonyourharddrive(sucha
sgraphics,wordprocessingdocuments,and
PDFfiles).Youcanspecifya
nabsolutepathtoaspecificfolder,oryoucanspecifyarelativepathtocopythefiletoyourlibrarys
.DATA\PDFfolder.Youcanlinkupto45filestoeachreference.
Whenacorrectlyformattedpathandfilenameisenteredintothisfield,theOpenFilecommandintheReferencesmenuc anbe
FiletoanEndNoteReference.
usedtoopenthefile.SeeLinkinga
Figure Field
TheFigurefieldstoresasinglegraphicorfileattachmentspecificallyforuseinMicrosoftWord.Thisfieldisincludedinallreferencetypes.SeeInsertingFiguresforinformationaboutaddingfigurestoareference.
ToaddorremovetheFigurefieldfromareferencetype,usethePreferencesdialogtoeditreferencetypes,asd
escribedinAdding,Deleting,andRenamingFields.
UsethetextfieldimmediatelyfollowingtheFigurefield,theCaptionfield,toenterrelevantinformationpertainingtotheimageor
file.
Date Stamp Fields

TwoAutoDateStampfields areavailablethatyoucanaddtotheLibrarywindow.
TheAddedtoLibraryandLastUpdateddatefieldsareinsertedwhenyousavea
newreference.TheLastUpdateddateisreset
eachtimeyous avechangestoareference.ThedateformatoftheAutoDateStampfieldsmatchesyourdefaultoperatingsystem
settings(forexample,4/16/2012).
ToaddthetwoAutoDateStampfieldstotheLibrarywindow,selectPreferences>DisplayFields.FromtheFieldcolumn,select
theAddedtoLibraryand/orLastUpdatedfields.EndNotepopulatestheHeadingcolumnwithyourselection.
Youcannotedit,print,orexporteitheroftheAutoDateStampfields.Youcan,however,displayandsortthesefieldsfromthe
LibrarywindowjustasyoucanwithanyotherEndNotefield.
Note:ForreferencesenteredwithEndNoteversionX1orearlier,theAddedt oLibraryfieldisleftblankandtheLastUpdatedfield
displaysthed
ateofconversiontoEndNote.
Table of Predefined Reference Types

UsetheListofR eferenceTypestodisplayindividualreferencetypesandthedefaultfieldsandfieldnamesusedineachone.
Bibliographic Styles
Introduction
What is an Output Style?
Thetermoutput style(orjust"style")isusedtodescribeaparticularmethodofdocumentingyourwork.Eachstyleisdesigned
asacompletesolutionforformattingandeditingin-textcitations,footnotecitations,a
ndbibliographiesforalltypesofreferences.
YoucanthinkofstylesastemplatesthatshowEndNotehowtoarranget heinformationineachofyourEndNotereferencesfor
citationsandbibliographies.F
orexample,asinglereferencecouldbeformattedintheChicagostylelikethis:
Argus,MicheleV.,andEdwardK.
OritcouldbeformattedintheNaturestylelikethis:
1. Argus,M.V.
EndNoteincludesmorethan4,500individualb
ibliographicstyles.Onlythemostpopularstylesarestoredasindividualf ilesinthe
dditionalOutputStyles.)
StylesfolderinyourEndNotefolder.(Toaddmore,seeInstallingA
Thenameofthestylereferstothejournalorpublisherthathasdefinedthebibliographicformat.TheNaturestyle,forexample,is
basedontheformatrequiredbythejournalNature,andtheChicagostyleisnameda
ftertheChicagoManualofStyle.Stylesin
theExportcategory,sucha
s"RIS"arenotbibliographicstyles,butratherexportstylesdesignedtoaidintransferringEndNote
dataintootherdatabases.
ToseetheavailablestylesinEndNotesStylesfolder,selectOutputStylesfromtheEditmenu,andselectOpenStyleManager.
Ifyourstyleisnotavailable,youcandownloadadditionalstyles,anystylecanbemodifiedtosuityourneeds,plusyoucancreate
newstyles.
l Stylescanbedownloadedore
dited,andnewstylescanbecustomized,withEndNote'sStyleManager.
l TheStyleManagerallowsyoutofindandpreviewinstalledstyles.Commonlyusedstylescanbemarkedas"favorites,"
whichwillappearintheOutputStyless ubmenuoftheEditmenuandinthelistofavailablestylesinCiteW
hileYouWrite.
Related Topics:
AccessingStylesinOtherPlaces
BasicC
omponentsofaStyle
PreviewingS
tylesandShowingInformation
TheOutputS
tylesMenu
TheStyleManager
WhatShouldIDoifMyStyleIsNotIncluded?
The Output Styles Menu

ThestyleselectedintheOutputStylessubmenuoftheEditmenu(orthestylemenuonthetoolbar)determineshowreferences
areformattedforthepreviewintheLibrarywindow aswellasfortheFormatBibliography,F
ormat,Print,Export,andCopyFormattedcommands.
Bydefault,EndNotesfourstandardbibliographicstylesareinstalledinyourOutputStylesmenu:
l Annotated:generatesanAuthor-Dates tylebibliographywithabstracts.
l Author-Date:generatesbibliographya
lphabetizedbyauthorname,andin-textcitationswithAuthorandY
ear.
l Numbered:generatesanumberedbibliographyw
ithcorrespondingnumberedin-textcitations.
l Show All Fields:generatesalistofthereferencesasentered,includingallfieldsandthenamesofthefields.
anagertohavethemappearintheOutputStylesmenu,thestylemenuin
MarkindividualstylesasyourfavoritesintheStyleM
theMaintoolbar,andtheconfirmformattingdialog.
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
tyleFormattingOptions
BasicC
omponentsofaStyle
ModifyingStyleTemplates
PreviewingS
Whatisa
nOutputStyle?
The Style Manager

EndNoteincludesmorethan4,500individualb
ibliographicstyles.Bydefault,onlythemostpopularstyles ares toredasindividual
filesintheStylesfolderinyourEndNotefolder.Toinstalladditionalstyles,seeInstallingA
dditionalOutputStyles .
Thenameofthestylereferstothejournalorpublisherthathasdefinedthebibliographicformat.TheNaturestyle,forexample,is
basedontheformatrequiredbythejournalNature,andtheChicagostyleisn
amedaftertheChicago Manual of Style.Stylesin
theExportcategory,s uchas"RIS"arenotbibliographicstyles,butratherexports tylesdesignedtoaidintransferringEndNote
dataintootherdatabases.
ToseeifyourjournalsstyleisincludedinEndNote,perusethelistofstyles intheStyleManager.Ifyourstyleisnotavailable,
anystylec anbemodifiedtosuityourneedsandyoucancreatenewstyles.
Tos eetheavailablestylesinEndNotesStylesfolder,s electOutputStylesfromtheEditmenu,andthenselectO
penStyleManager.
TheS
tyleManagerliststhenamesoftheoriginalstyles a
vailableintheProgramFiles\EndNote\Stylesfolderaswellasanynew
ormodifieds tylesinyourpersonalStylesfolder,andgivesyoutheoptionstoeditt hemorselectthemasfavoritesforquick
accessfromthestylemenuonthetoolbar,theOutputStyles menuontheEditmenu,ortheconfirmformattingdialog.Youcan
clickanddragthecornerofthedialogtoincreasethes ize.
Navigating in the Style Manager

Usethefollowingfeaturestolocatetheoutputstylethatyouwanttouse:
l Ifyouknowthenameofthestylethatyouwanttouse,youmaystarttypingitandthefirstfilethatmatcheswhaty outype
willbeselected.
l Typetextintothe"Quick Search"textboxonthetoolbarandpressEntertos earchforthestylebythenameofthefile.You
canenterapartialn
ameorthefullname.EndNotewilldisplayallmatchingresults.
l ClicktheFindB
ybuttona
ndchooseacategory(suchasMedicineorHumanities)tofindonlythebibliographicstylesfora
specificdiscipline.
l ClicktheFindB
ybuttona
ndselectAllStyles toreturnallofthestylestothedisplayedlist.
l Clickthecolumnheadingstosortthestylesbynameorbycategory.Clickingthesamecolumnheadingasecondtimewill
changethesortorderfromascendingtodescending.Clicka
gaintosetitbacktoascendingorder.
l ClicktheMoreInfobuttonatthebottomofthedialogtodisplayadditionalinformationabouttheselectedstyle(suchas
modificationandcreationdates,andanycommentsorlimitations).M
oreInfotoggleswithLessInfo.Youalsohavethe
optionofdisplayinga
previewofthestyleintheMoreInfopanel.
Marking Your Favorite Styles

Whenyouhavefoundastylethatyouwillwanttouseinthefuture,c lickthecheckboxtotheleftofittomarkitasafavorite.All
stylesthataremarkedasfavoritesappearintheOutputStylessubmenuoftheE
ditmenu,andthestylesmenuonthetoolbar.
Thisgivesyoueasyaccess tothestylesyouusemostoften.Allstylescanbemodifiedtomeetyours pecifications.Youcanalso
createcompletelynewstylesifnecessary.
ToaddastyletotheOutputStylessubmenuo
ntheEditmenu:
1. FromtheEditm
enu,selectOutputStyles andthenselectOpenStyleM
anager.
2. Findthestylethatyouneed.
3. Clickintheboxtotheleftofthestyle'snametochooseitasoneofyourfavorites.
4. ClosetheStyleManagerbyclickingt heclosebuttonorselectingCloseStyleManagerfromtheFilemenu.
Toselectawholecategoryofstyles asfavorites,clicktheFindBybuttonintheStyleManagerwindow,selectthecategoryof
interest,andthenc lickMarkAllwhenallofthestylesforthatcategoryaredisplayed.C licktheFindByb
uttonandselectAll
Stylestobringallofthestylesb
ackintoview.TheUnmark Allbuttonmaybeusedtounmarkalloftheoutputstylesthatareshowinginthelist.
If you cannot find the style you need:
Manybibliographicstyles aresimply variantsofasmallnumberofwell-knownb
ibliographicformats.EndNoteincludesover4,500differents tyles,butitmaynotincludetheexactstyleyouneed.Ifyoucan'tfindthespecificstyleyouneed,youcan:
l Checkthesubmissionguidelinesforthepublicationtoseeifthestyleisaderivativeofawell-knownstyle.Youmayb
e
abletousethatstyle(perhapswithminormodifications).
l TrytheinteractiveStylesFinderontheEndNotew
ebsite.AshortcuttotheWebStylesFinderisprovidedontheHelp
menu.
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
BasicC
omponentsofaStyle
PreviewingS
TheOutputS
tylesMenu
Whatisa
nOutputStyle?
Previewing Styles and Showing Information

ClickMoreInfointheStyleManagertoshowtheinformationpanel.(WhenyouselectMoreInfo,thebuttonchangestoLessInfo,
whichwillh
idethepanel.)Theinformationpanelisusedtodisplaymoredetaila
bouttheselectedstyle.
UsetheStyleInfo/Previewbuttontotogglebetweenthesedisplays:
l Style Information:Detailsa
boutthestylearedisplayedintheInformationpanel.Theseincludethecreationandmodification
dates,category,whichstyleguidethes tyleisbasedon,andanylimitationsorcommentsaboutusingthes tyle.
l Style Preview:Inthepreviews ection,EndNoteshowshowajournal,book,andbooksectionwouldb
eformattedwiththe
selectedstyle.
Previewing Styles Using Your Own References
EndNoteusesbuilt-inexamplesforthepreviewsintheStyleManagerw
indow.Ifyouwanttopreviewastyleusingyourownreferences:
1. IntheStyleManager,markthestyleasafavoritebyclickinginthecheckb
oxnexttoitsname.Thisaddsthestyletothe
OutputStylesmenu.
2. FromtheEditmenu,selectOutputStyles,andselectthestyletopreview.
3. Openalibrary,andthenclickthePreviewtabo
ntheTabspanel.
4. Selectanyreferenceinyourlibrarytohaveitd
isplayedonthePreviewtab.
ThePreviewtabdisplaysonlyonereferenceatatime.Ifyouwouldliketopreviewagroupofreferences,youcanusetheCopy
Formattedc ommandandtheClipboard:
1. FromtheEditmenu,selectOutputStyles andselecta
style.
2. Selectoneormorereferencesinyourlibraryands electCopyFormatted(C
trl+
K)fromtheEditmenu.
3. PastefromtheClipboardintoawordprocessord
ocumenttoseetheformattedreferencesastheywouldappearinab
ibliography.
Or,usethePrintPreviewcommandfromtheFilemenutoprinttheshowingreferencesintheLibrarywindow.
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
BasicC
omponentsofaStyle
InstallingAdditionalOutputStyles
TheOutputS
tylesMenu
TheStyleManager
Whatisa
nOutputStyle?
Copying Styles
WhenyoudisplayalistofstylesinEndNote,thelistiscomprisedo
ftheinstalledstylesfoundintheProgramF
iles\EndNote\StylesfolderaswellasnewormodifiedstylesfoundinyourpersonalStylesfolder.Foranexplanationofwhereyourfiles
arestored,seeFolderLocationsP
references.
Becauseeachstyleisaseparatefileonyourharddrive,youcancopythemasyouwouldcopyanyfileonyourharddriveusing
theWindowsd
esktop.
Tocopyastyletoaremovabledisk,selectthestyleonyourharddrivea
nddragitontoadisk.Werecommendthatyoumakea
backupcopyofanyn
ewormodifiedstyles.(seeBackingU
pYourEndNoteFiles).
TomakeacopyofastylefromwithinEndNote:
1. FromtheEditmenu,s electOutputStyles andselectOpenStyleManager.

2. SelectthestyleyouwanttocopyandclickEdit.
3. Withoutmakinganychangestothefile,selectS
avefromtheFilemenu.
4. GivethiscopyofthefileanewnameandSaveit.
ThefileissavedinyourpersonalStyles folder.Thenewstylewillremainopen.Theoriginalstylewillbeleftuntouched.
Saving Styles
Tosaveanewstylethatyouhavejustcreated,ortosavechangestoastyleyouhavejustmodified,selectSaveorSaveAsfrom
theFilemenu.
Ifyouhavemodifiedoneoftheoriginalinstalledfilesint heProgramFiles\EndNote\Stylesfolder,youmustuseSaveAstosavea
copytoy ourpersonalStylesfolder.IfyouhavemodifiedastylethatisalreadylocatedinyourpersonalStylesfolder,youcan
selecteitherSavetod
irectlymodifythefile,orSaveAstomakeacopywiththechanges.F
oradescriptionofwhereyourstyles
arestored,seeFolderL
IfyoucloseaStylewindowbeforesavingastyle,EndNotepromptsyoutosaveordiscardthechangesyouhavemade,orselect
Canceltoreturntothestyle.IfyouquitfromEndNotewhileaStylewindowisopen,thes amedialogappears.
EndNoteautomaticallysavesnewstylestoyourpersonalStylesfolder.Y
oumayalsospecifyadifferentfolderifnecessary.For
instructionss eeFolderLocationsPreferences .
EndNotestylesusethefilenameextensionof".ENS"(forEndNoteStyle),asin"Nature.ens."
Deleting Styles
TodeleteastylefromwithinEndNote:
1. FromtheEditmenu,selectOutputStyles,andthenselectOpenStyleManager.
2. Selectthestyletobedeleted.
3. SelectClearfromtheEditmenu,orright-clickonthestyleandselectDeletefromtheshortcutmenu,orpresstheDeletekey.
YoucanalsodeleteanunwantedstylebyswitchingbacktotheWindowsd
esktop,andopeningtheappropriateStylesfolder(see
FolderLocationsP
references).Then,selectthefiletodeleteandselectDeletefromtheFilemenu,ordragthefiletotheRecycle
Bin.
Note:Youmusthaveread/writeaccesstotheStylesfolderinordertodeleteastyle.Ifyoudonothaveadministratoraccess,
youlikely willnotbeabletodeleteafilelocatedwithintheProgramFilesfolder.
Renaming Styles
RenamestylesusingtheSavecommandfromtheFilemenu.Thisallowsy outomakeacopyofanystylethatyouwanttomodify,soyoucankeeps everalvariationsofthesamestyle.Youcanalsorenamestyles byswitchingtotheWindowsdesktop,
locatingthestylefileintheStylesfolder,clickingonthefilename,andtypinga
newname.
Foranexplanationofwherey ourfilesarestored,seeFolderL
Reverting Changes to a Style

Ifatanytimeyouneedtorevertyourchangesbacktothelastsavedc opyofthestyle,selectRevertStylefromtheFilemenu.
Onceyoucloset heStylewindow thechangesarepermanentuntilchangedagain.
Closing a Style
TocloseaStylewindow,clicktheclosebuttonintheupperrightc ornerofthewindow,orselectCloseStylefromtheFilemenu.If
youh
avenotsavedyourchangestothestyle,EndNotepromptsyouandgivesy outheoptiontosaveordiscardanychangesthat
youhavemade.
What Should I Do if My Style Is Not Included?

EndNotesuppliesover4,500journals tylesforyourconvenience;however,becausetherearethousandsofjournalsp
ublished,
thestyleyouneedmaynotbeincluded.Thisshouldnotbea
problembecauseyoucancustomizeastyleofyourownoreditany
ofE
ndNotespreconfiguredstyles.
IfastylethatyouneedisnotincludedwithEndNote,werecommendm
odifyingastylethatissimilartowhatyouneed.Todownloadmoreofthepredefinedstyles,seeInstallingA
dditionalOutputStyles .
Tofindandmodifyasimilarstyle:
2. IntheStyleManager,changethesettingintheinformationpanelfromStyleInfotoStylePreview.Thepreviewoft he
selectedstyleshouldnowbedisplayed.
3. Scrollthroughthelistofavailablestylestos eeifyoucanfindonethatissimilartowhatyouneed.
4. Onceyouhavefoundasimilarstyle,selectit,a
ndclicktheEditbutton.TheStylewindowopens.
5. FromtheFilemenu,selectSave,givethiscopyo
fthestyleanewnamethatcorrespondstothenameofthejournaly ou
wanttouseitfor,andclickSave.Thiswillalsokeeptheoriginals tyleunchanged,intheeventthatyouneedtouseitlater.
6. ThenewStylewindow remainsopenforyoutoedititasyouneed.Formoredetailsabouteditingpartsofastyle,readModifyingStyleTemplatesa
ndAdditionalStyleFormattingOptions.
Oncethenewcopyofthestylehasbeensaved,itwillbeaddedtoyours tylemenus.
Related Topics:
BasicC
omponentsofaStyle
ClosingaStyle
CopyingStyles
DeletingStyles
RenamingStyles
SavingStyles
TheOutputS
tylesMenu
TheStyleManager
Accessing Styles in Other Places

TheStyleManagerdisplaysonlythestylesfoundinspecificfolders.W erecommendthatyoucopyadditionalstylestoyourpersonalStylesfolder.
Foranexplanationofwhereyourfilesarestored,ortochangeyourp
ersonalStylesfolderlocation,seeFolderL
ocationsPreference.
Basic Components of a Style

Thebestwaytounderstandhowastyleworksistoopenoneupandlooka
tit.
l To create a new style:FromtheEditmenu,selectOutputStylesandselectN ewStyle.Ifyouareinterestedincreatinga
newstyle,seeCreatinga
NewStyle.
l To edit a style:F
romtheEditmenu,selectOutputStylesandthenOpenStyleManager.S
electthefiletoeditandclick
Edit.Themostrecentlyusedstylec analsobeopenedbyselectingOutputStyles fromtheEditmenu,a
ndselectingEdit
<style>.
The Style Window

Afterchoosingtheoptiontoeditanexistingstyleorcreateanewo
ne,EndNoteopenstheStylewindow.
Allofthedifferentoptionsforeditingastylearelistedonthelefts ideoftheStylewindow.Thefirstfouritems(AboutThisStyle,
AnonymousW
orks,PageNumbers,andJournalNames)applytocitations,bibliographies,a
ndcitationsinfootnotes.Therestof
theoptionsintheStylewindow a
regroupedunderoneoffourheadings:
Citations:PanelslistedundertheC
itationsheadingapplyonlytocitationsinthebodyofthetext.
Bibliographies:Theitems listedundertheBibliographyheadingapplytothebibliographythatEndNotecreatesw
henyouformat
apaper.ThesesettingsarealsousedwiththeExport,Print,CopyFormatted,andPreviewoptions.
Footnotes:Theitems undertheFootnoteh
eadingapplytocitationsthathavebeeninsertedintothefootnotesorendnotesina
wordprocessingdocument.(Youmustfirstcreatethefootnotesinyourwordprocessor,andtheninsertEndNotecitationsinto
them.)
Figures and Tables:TheitemsunderFiguresandTablesapplytoEndNotefiguresandtables thath
avebeeninsertedintoa
MicrosoftWorddocument.
Clickontheplusnexttoo
neoftheheadingstoexpandorcollapsetheviewtoshoworhidetherelatedoptions.Clickonanitem
undertheheadingstoviewtheassociatedp
anel.Youmayswitchbetweenpanelsasneededwhileeditingthefile.N
ochanges
aresavedinanyofthepanels,however,untilyouselectSaveo
rSaveAsfromtheFilemenu.
Style Templates
TheCitation,Bibliography,andFootnotesectionsofthestyleallhavea
Templatepanelandotheroptionsforfinetuningthestyle.
TheTemplatespanels arethemajorcomponentofthestyles.Theyincludethefieldnamesandpunctuationorganizedintheway
EndNoteshouldformatthereferencesforthatparticularstyle.Thetemplateslooklikecitationso
rbibliographyentries,except
thatfieldnamesareusedinplaceoftheactualdata.Duringtheformattingprocess,EndNotereplacesthefieldn
ameswiththe
correspondinginformationfromthereferences.
FordetailsaboutworkingwithstyletemplatesseeModifyingS
tyleTemplates.
Other Style Options

UndereachheadingintheStylewindow(Citations,Bibliography,andF
ootnotes)thereareaseriesofoptionsforhowtofine-tune
theformattedreferencesincitations,bibliographies,orfootnotes.Manyoftheseoptionsa
rerepeatedforthethreesections(such
asthesettingsthatdetermineh
owauthornamesaretreated),becauseeachofthesethreeareasofthed
ocumentmightrequirea
slightlydifferentformat.TheFiguresa
ndTablessectionappliesspecificallytoEndNotefiguresandtablesinsertedintoaWord
document.
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
InstallingA
dditionalOutputStyles
TheStyleManager
Modifying Style Templates

Modifying Style Templates
Ifyouarecreatingabibliographythatrequiresastylenotincludedw ithEndNote,thenyoucanmodifyastyletosuityourneeds.
(SeeWhatShouldIDoifMyStyleisNotIncluded?)Editingastylerequiresageneralunderstandingo
fhowstylesworkandthe
componentsofastyle.R
eadBasicC
omponentsofaStyletobecomefamiliarwiththeterms.Thesetopicsc anhelpyouincreatingormodifyingstyletemplates:
l CitationTemplate
l BibliographyandFootnoteTemplates
l ChangingthePunctuationinaF
ormattedReference
l AddingandRemovingFields ina
FormattedReference
l AddingNewReferenceTypes
l FontandTextStyles
l RulesforWorkingwithStyleT
emplates
l EndNoteCleansUp
l SpecialFormattingCharacters
l AdditionalStyleFormattingO
ptions
Citations Template
ToaccesstheTemplatespanel,selectOutputStylesfromtheEditmenu,andthenclickTemplatesundertheCitationsheading.
TheCitationstemplatetellsEndNotehowtoformatthein-textcitationsintheb
odyofyourpaper.Themostpopularformatsfor
in-textcitationsare(Author,Year),numbered,andAuthor(Year).Forexample:
l An(Author,Year)formatd
isplays"(Author,Year)"intheCitationareaofthetemplate.Whenyouinsertanin-textcitationin
yourpaperusingthisformat,thecitationwouldlooklikethisexample:(Binfield,2008)
l Anumberedformatdisplaysa"[BibliographyNumber]"intheCitationareaofthetemplate.Numberedstylescommonly
enclosethebibliographynumberinbracketsorparenthesisoruseasuperscriptnumber.Insteadof(Binfield2008)asyour
in-textcitation,thecitationwouldlooklikethisexample:[1]
Thebibliographynumbercorresponds toanumberedreferenceinyourbibliography.BydefaultEndNotelinksthein-text
citationtothereferenceinthebibliography.
l AnAuthor(Year)formatdisplays"Author(Year)"intheCitation-Author(Year)areaofthetemplate.Whenyouinsertanintextcitationinyourpaperusingthisformat,thecitationwouldlooklikethisexample:Binfield(2008)
Youmaychangethetemplatebydeletingunwantedfieldnamesorpunctuation,retypingthepunctuationyouwant,andinserting
newfields withtheInsertF
ieldbutton.SeeModifyingStyleTemplatesforinformationabouteditingtemplates.
Note:BoththeCitationandtheCitation-Author(Year)a
reaofthetemplatemustbecompletedinordertousetheAuthor(Year)
formatinapaper.
Multiple Citation Separators

UsetheMultipleCitationSeparatorsfieldtos pecifythepunctuationtoseparatemultiplecitationsinyourpapers.A
multiplecitationisanin-textcitationthatincludesmorethanonereferencewithinasinglesetofdelimiters,suchas:(Argus,1993;B
illoski,
1993;Hall,1988).Thisexampleu
sesasemicolonandaspaceastheseparatorbetweencitations.
TheseparatorcanbechangedbytypingothertextintheMultipleC
itationSeparatorfield.Remembertoincludeaspaceintheseparators ectionwhennecessary.
Adding Journal Names to In-text Citations
IfyouwouldlikeEndNotetoinsertthejournalnameinthein-textcitationsofyourpaper,selecttheJournal/SecondaryTitlefield
fromtheInsertFieldmenu.Forexample:
l IntheCitationareaofthetemplate,inserttheJournal/SecondaryTitlefieldinthe(Author,Year)field.Forexample:
(Author,Journal/SecondaryTitleYear)
Whenyouinsertanin-textcitationinyourpaper,thecitationwouldlooklikethisexample:(Porter,Journal/BritishJournal
ofAesthetics2009)
l IntheCitation-Author(Year)areaofthetemplate,inserttheJournal/SecondaryTitlefieldintheAuthor(Year)field.For
example:Author,Journal/SecondaryTitle(Year)
Whenyouinsertanin-textcitationinyourpaperusingthisformat,thecitationwouldlooklikethisexample:Porter,J ournal/BritishJournalofAesthetics(2009)
Year Format
IfyouwouldlikeEndNotetouse2-digityears(suchas09)inthein-textc itations,checkthe"Use2-digityears"option.Years
fromallcenturieswillbeabbreviatedtodisplayjustthelasttwodigits.T
hisappliesonlytotheyearsinthein-textcitations.
Related Topics:
Addinga
ndRemovingFields inaFormattedReference
AddingNewR
eferenceTypes
AdditionalS
Bibliographya
ndFootnoteTemplates
ChangingthePunctuationinaFormattedReference
EndNoteCleansU p
FontsandTextStyles
RulesforWorkingwithStyleTemplates
SpecialF
ormattingCharacters
Footnotes: Defining Long and Short Forms

BothfullandshortformtemplatesareavailablefromtheStylewindow.D
efineshortformfootnotesettingsforTemplates,A
uthor
Lists,AuthorN
ame,EditorLists,andE
ditorName.
1. FromtheEditmenu,s electOutputStyles >OpenStyleManager.
2. FromtheStyleManagerwindow,selectastylefromthelistofnames(forexample,C
hicago),andthenclicktheEdit
button.
3. FromtheStylew indow,selectacategoryundertheFootnotesheading(forexample,A
uthorName).
4. Enterallyourchanges.
5. FromtheFilemenu,selectSaveAs.
6. Giveyourupdatedsettingsaname(forexample," MyChicagoFootnotesSettings"),andthenclicktheSaveb
utton.
Bibliography and Footnote Templates

ClickTemplatesundertheBibliographyorFootnotesheadinginOutputStylestoseethetemplatesforhowthosereferencesare
formatted.
Forfootnoteandbibliographytemplates,eachhasa"Generic"template,andotherreference-type-specifictemplatestoformatthe
variousreferencetypesinabibliography.
Thefollowingexamplesshowhowjournalarticles,books,andbooksections,respectively,wouldbeformattedwiththeNumberedstyle.Noticethateachreferencetypeisformatteddifferently,whichiswhydifferenttemplatesa
rerequired:
1. Emiliani,
2. Jones,V.R.,TheTheoryofForaging,
3. Whitney,J.R.,
Generic Template
TheGenerictemplateisusedtoformatreferencesthatusetheGenericreferencetypeordonothavetheirowntemplateinthe
style.Forexample,ifaBooktemplatehadnotbeenincludedinthestyle,bookreferencesw
ouldbeformattedusingtheGeneric
template.
Generic - Short Form Template
TheGeneric-ShortFormtemplatemaybedefinedforeachreferencetypejustliketheregularfootnote.Youcanedittheshort
forminat emplate.Theorderofuseisthat:
1. Theshortformdefinitionforaspecificreferenceisused.
2. Ifthedefinitionisnotavailable,thenthegenerics hortformdefinitionisused.
3. Ifnogenericdefinitionisavailable,thenthefullformofthereferenceforthattypeisused.
4. Ifthefullformisnotavailable,thenthegenericfullformisused.
Other Reference Type Templates
TherestofthetemplatesinthestyletellEndNotehowtoformatspecificreferencetypes,suchasjournals,books,andbooksections.Ifacheckm
arkappearsnexttoareferencetypeintheReferenceTypelist,atemplateisalreadydefinedforit(youcanedit
thetemplate).
Footnote Template Options

Styleshavevaryingrequirementsforhowcitationsinfootnotesshouldb
eformatted.TheoptionsatthetopoftheFootnotesTemplatespanelinOutputStylesallowf orthedifferentconditions.
Forsomestyles,citationsinfootnotesareformattedjustlikein-textcitations(inthebodyofthepaper).Inthatcase,thereisno
needt ocreateaspecialtemplateforfootnotes,simply selectthe"Sameascitation"optionfromthe"Formatcitationsinfootnotes"list.
Similarly,someformatsrequestthatcitationsinfootnotesareformatteda
sfullbibliographicreferences,exactlylikethebibliography.Forthoses tyles,youcansetthefootnoteformatoptiontoSameasBibliography.
However,ifyouneedthefootnotestousetheirownspecialformat(mosts tylesforthehumanitiesrequirethis),youwouldselect
theoptiontoformatcitationsinfootnoteswithauniquefootnoteformat.Forthiso
ption,youneedtodefinethetemplatesforhow
citationsinfootnotess houldbeformatted.
Forinformationabouthowtotreatrepeatedcitations,suchasusinga
shortformfornon-consecutiverepeatedcitations,andIbid.
forconsecutiverepeatedcitations,seeRepeatedC
itationsinFootnotes.
Whenusingtheshortform,selectthecheckboxthattellthesystemtoincludetheTitlefieldonlywhenneededtodisambiguatea
citation.
Related Topics:
Addinga
AddingNewR
eferenceTypes
AdditionalS
EndNoteCleansU p
FontsandTextStyles
SpecialF
ormattingCharacters
Changing the Punctuation in a Formatted Reference

Punctuationthatappearsinyourformattedreferencescanbechangedb
yeditingthestyleyouareusing.Whenyoueditastyle,
youcandeleteunwantedpunctuation,replaceitwithotherpunctuation,oraddadditionalpunctuationwherenecessary.
Forexample,iftheNumberedstylecreatesaperfectbibliographyfory ourdocumentexceptthatitputsacommaafterthe
authorsnamesw hereyouneedaperiod,youcanedittheNumberedstyletomakethisc hange.
ToedittheNumberedstyle:
1. SelecttheNumberedstyleintheOutputStylesm
enu.
2. SelectEditNumberedfromtheOutputStylesmenutoopentheNumberedStylewindow.
3. ClicktheTemplatesoptionundertheBibliographyheading.
4. Foreachreferencetype(suchasGeneric,JournalArticle,andBook),deletethecommathatfollowsthefieldname
"Author"a
ndtypeaperiod.
Thestylesbibliographictemplatesshouldnowlookliketheexampleb
elow.NoticethatthepunctuationaftertheAuthor
fieldineachtemplatehasbeenchangedtoaperiod.
5. FromtheFilemenu,selectSaveAs.Inthedialogt hatappears,enteranewnameforthismodifiedNumberedstyle,and
thenclickSave.
Nowyoucanusethenewstyletocreateaformattedbibliographythatp
utsaperiodbetweentheauthornamesandthetitles.
Forinformationaboutmakingpunctuationorspaces appearonlyunderc ertaincircumstancesseeSpecialF

ormattingCharacters.
Thattopicalsoexplainstheuseofthenon-breakings paces(),v erticalbars(|),accentgrave(`),andthecarets (^)thatyouseein
thestyletemplates.
Note:Ifyousavea
newstyleintoafolderotherthanthecurrentstylesfolder,itwillnotbeavailableintheStyleManager.You
ocationsPreferencesifnecessary.
shouldsavenewstylestoyourStylesfolder,orchangeFolderL
Related Topics:
Addinga
AddingNewR
eferenceTypes
AdditionalS
Bibliographya
ndFootnoteTemplates
EndNoteCleansU p
FontsandTextStyles
SpecialF
ormattingCharacters
Adding and Removing Fields in a Formatted Reference

Thefieldnames(suchasAuthor,Year,andTitle)thatyouseewhene
ditingastyletemplate,indicatewhatinformationisincluded
inyourformattedreference.Ifyouwanttoincludeafield,suchasnotes,alongw
ithyourreferences,youshouldaddtheNotes
fieldtothestylethaty ouuse.Similarly,toexcludeunwantedinformationthatisappearinginabibliography,youmustdeletethe
fieldnamethatcontainsthatinformationfromthestylesbibliographytemplate.
Theexamplesbelowshowtwocommonscenariosinwhichfields areaddedtoorremovedfromtheformattedbibliography.Wheneveryouchangethefields inastyletemplatebesuretocheckthesurroundingpunctuationtomakesurethatitisstillaccurate.
Adding a Field to a Style Template

Toinsertanewfieldintoastyletemplate:
2. Selectthestylethatyouwanttoedit,andclickEdit.
3. ClickontheTemplatesoptionundertheBibliographyh
eading,andpositionthecursoratthelocationinthetemplatewhere
youwanttoaddafield.
4. ClicktheInsertFieldbuttonandselectthefieldt obeadded.
5. Afterthefieldisinserted,addanypunctuationo
rspacingthatisnecessarytocorrectlyincorporatethenewfieldintothe
style.
Note:Asashort-cut,y oucanusetheoptionsintheLayoutpaneltoaddtextorpunctuationb
eforeoraftereveryreferenceina
bibliography.SeeBibliographyL
ayout.
Deleting a Field from a Style Template

IfEndNoteincludesinformationinyourbibliographythatyoudonotw
anttobethere,youcaneditthestyleanddeletethe
unwantedfieldsn
ameandanyassociatedpunctuation.
Forexample,ifastyleincludestheissuenumberinyourjournalreferences,a
ndyoudonotwanttheissuetoappear:
1. IntheStyleManager,selectthestyleandclicktheEditbutton.
2. UndertheBibliographyheading,clicktheTemplateso
ption.
3. Selectthetexttobedeleted(forexample,".Issue|),andpresstheDeleteorBackspacek ey.
AlongwiththeIssuefield,alsoremovetheperiodthatprecedesita
ndtheverticalbar,aspecialformattingcharacter,thatfollows
theIssuefield.(SeeSpecialFormattingC haractersformoreinformationabouttheverticalbar.)
Related Topics:
AddingNewR
eferenceTypes
AdditionalS
Bibliographya
ndFootnoteTemplates
EndNoteCleansU p
FontsandTextStyles
SpecialF
ormattingCharacters
Adding New Reference Types

Whenastyledoesnotincludeatemplateforaspecificreferencetype,s uchasReport,EndNoteusesthestylesGenerictemplatetoformatthatreferencetype.AlthoughtherearetimeswhentheGenericformatsuffices,o
ftenitisnotsufficientbecause
theotherreferencetypesneedtobeformatteddifferently.Therefore,youshouldmakespecifictemplatesfort hedifferentreferencetypesthatyouwillbeincludinginyourbibliographies.
Toaddanewreferencetypetemplatetoastyle:
1. FromtheEditmenu,selectOutputStyles >OpenS
tyleManagerandselectthestylethatyouwanttomodify.
2. Withthestyleselected,clicktheEditbutton.
3. IntheStylewindow,clicktheTemplatespanelu
ndertheBibliographyheading.
4. Selectthenameofthedesiredreferencetypefromt heReferenceTypesdropdownlist.(ReferenceTypesthatarealready
definedappearinthelistwithc heckmarksnexttotheirname.)
AnewtemplateforthatreferencetypeisaddedatthebottomoftheS
tylewindow(scrolltothebottomoftheStylewindowifyou
donotseeit).
Defining the Format for the New Reference Type Template

Definingtheformatforanewtemplateisaprocessofinsertingthen
ecessaryfields andpunctuationinthecorrectorder.Forthis
example,w
ewantareporttolooklikethis(Author,Title,ReportNumber,Year,Institution,andCity):
Trift,
WecaninsertthefieldsandtypethepunctuationtocreateatemplatefortheReportreferencetype.UsetheInsertFieldbuttonat
thetopo
ftheStylewindowtoinsertthefieldsinthecorrectorder.Afterinsertinga
fieldname,typethepunctuationandspacing
thatshouldfollowit.A
pplytextstyles,suchasitalicsfortheTitle,byselectingthetextt ochangeandusingtheStyletoolbar.
ThefinaltemplatefortheReportreferencetypelookslikethis:
Report
Author,Title,ReportNumber.Year,Institution:City.
Related Topics:
Addinga
AdditionalS
Bibliographya
ndFootnoteTemplates
EndNoteCleansU p
FontsandTextStyles
SpecialF
ormattingCharacters
Fonts and Text Styles

Bydefault,textenteredintoaStylewindowappearsinEndNotesPlainF
ont,PlainSize,andPlainStylesettings,whichallowthe
bibliographythatEndNotecreatestoadoptthefontsettingsinyourpaper.Forexample,ifyoutypeyourpaperin10pointTimes
font,EndNoteusesthatfontforthepapersbibliography.
UsetheEditmenuortheStyletoolbartoapplyanyfont,size,ortexts tyletoyourStyletemplates.(Notethatonlythestandard
Windowsfontsareavailable.)
AlltextattributesenteredintoastyletemplatecarryoverintothebibliographythatEndNotecreates.Youcanusethisfeature,for
example,toitalicizetitlesormakethevolumenumbersbold.Anyfontortexts tylechangesenteredinanEndNoteReferencewindowcarrythroughtheb
ibliographyaswell.Forexample,anyitalicizedtermsinyourreferencesw
illstillappearitalicizedinyour
bibliography,regardlessofthetexta
ttributesthattheEndNotebibliographicstyleapplies.
Related Topics:
Addinga
AddingNewR
eferenceTypes
AdditionalS
Bibliographya
ndFootnoteTemplates
EndNoteCleansU p
SpecialF
ormattingCharacters
Rules for Working with Style Templates

Therearefourbasicrulesofdependencethatgovernhowtext,spaces,a
ndfieldnamesinfluenceeachotherwhentheyareused
inastyletemplate.Ifnecessary,theserulescanbecircumventedinspecificsituationsusingthespecialformattingcharacters
describedinthenextsectionofthisc hapter.
Rule #1: Basic Dependence

Anytextorpunctuationthatisnotseparatedfromafieldnamebyanordinaryspaceisdependentontheadjacentfield.
Inthiscontext,"dependent"meansthatthetextorpunctuationa
djacenttoafieldonlyappearsinyourbibliographyiftheadjacent
fieldcontainsdata.Forexample,inthisexcerpt:
Volume(Issue)
theparentheses around"Issue"onlyappearinaformattedreferenceifthereisanissuenumberforthereference.
Rule #2: The Preceding Field Takes Precedence Over the Following Field
Whenpunctuationappearsbetweentwofieldswithnointerveningspaces,itisdependentontheprecedingfield.
Inthisexample,
Volume:Issue
thecolonisdependentontheVolumefield.Thismeans,ifthereisn
ovolumeinthereference,thecolonwillnotappear.Ifthereis
avolume,thecolonwillappear.
Note:Thisexamples howsacasewheretherulesofdependencemightnotdowhatyouwant.Forexample,youmightwantto
havethecolononlyshowwhenthereisa
nissue.Thiscanbedoneusingthespecialformattingcharacters.
Rule #3: The First Space after a Field is Dependent on that Field. Additional Spaces are Independent.
Thefirstordinaryspacefollowingafieldisalwaysdependentonthatf ield.Anyconsecutivespaces afterthatareindependentand
willalwaysa
ppearintheformattedreferences.
Forexample,ifEndNoteformatsananonymousbookusingatemplatethath
astheAuthorfieldfollowedbyaspaceandtheTitle
field:
Author.Title
thetitlewillnotbeprecededbyaspaceinthefinalformattedreferencebecausethespace,justliketheperiod,isdependenton
theAuthorfield.H
owever,ifthestyleincludestwospacesbetweentheAuthorandtheTitle:
Author.Title
thetitlewillbeprecededbyonespaceforallanonymousreferences.Thefirstspace,beingdependentontheAuthorfield,disappearswhenthereisnoauthor,howeverthesecondspaceisindependent,soitremainsintheformattedreference.
Independentspacescanbeforcedtobedependentonanadjacentfieldusingthespecialformattingcharacters.
Rule #4: Independent Text Always Appears in the Bibliography.

Anytextorpunctuationthatisnotdependentonafieldnamealwaysa
ppearsintheformattedreferences.Forexample,if:
Edition
isenteredintoastylesBooktemplateusingonlyanordinaryspacetoseparatethetext"ed."andthefield"Edition",thetext"
ed."willappearinallBookreferencesregardless ofwhetherornotthereisaneditionforthatreference.
Note:Thenon-breakings pacecanbeusedinplaceofaregularspacetolinkindependenttexttoafield.S
eeSpecialF
ormatting
Characters.
Related Topics:
Addinga
AddingNewR
eferenceTypes
AdditionalS
Bibliographya
ndFootnoteTemplates
EndNoteCleansU p
FontsandTextStyles
SpecialF
ormattingCharacters
EndNote Cleans Up
Tooconfusedaboutalltheserules?Well,evenifyoudontgeteverythingquiterightaccordingtotherules,EndNotew
illdoits
besttocleanuptheformattedreference.Obviousproblemsa
refixedautomatically.
Normally,fieldtextisenteredintoEndNotewithoutendingpunctuation,s othattheselectedoutputstylecansupplypunctuation
asrequiredbythatparticularstyle.However,whenyoudownloadreferencesfromvariouss ources,someinformationproviders
mayincludepunctuation.
Forexample,whenanoutputstyledirectsEndNotetoinsertaperioda
fterafield,EndNotemustdeterminewhattodowithany
punctuationthatalreadyexists attheendofthefieldinthereference.
Punctuation found, plus punctuation
added by the output style:
spaces,period
comma,period(,.)
semicolon,period(;.)
colon,period(:.)
doubleperiods(..)
questionmark,period(?.)
exclamationpoint,p
eriod(!.)
Replaced with:
period
period
period
period
singlep
eriod
questionm
ark
exclamationp
oint
EndNotetreatsotherformsofextrapunctuationlikethis:
Punctuation found, plus punctuation
added by the output style:
doublespaces
doublecommas(,,)
doublesemicolons(;;)
doublequestionm
arks(??)
doubleperiods(..)
comma,period(,.)
questionmark,period(?.)
exclamationpoint,p
eriod(!.)
questionmark,exclamationpoint(?!)
exclamationpoint,q
uestionmark(!?)
Replaced with:
singles pace
singlec omma
singles emicolon
singleq
uestionmark
singlep
eriod
period
questionm
ark
exclamationp
oint
questionm
ark
exclamationp
oint
Onesetofpunctuationthatisneverreplacedistheperiod,comma(.,)b
ecauseitmaybeusedforabbreviationslikeed.,e
tal.,
etc.
Special Formatting Characters

EndNotehasspecialformattingcharactersthataddflexibilityandprecisiontothegroupingofpunctuationandfieldsinthestyle
templates.
Link Adjacent Text (Using the Non-breaking Space)

Ifyoutype"Editioned."intoastyletemplateanduseanordinaryspacetoseparatethefieldname"Edition"fromtheabbreviation
"ed.",then"ed."willappearregardlessofwhetherornotthereferencehasanedition(seeRule#4).
Toavoidthisproblem,make"ed.d
ependentontheEditionfieldbylinking
Youcaninsertanon-breakingspacebyselectingLinkAdjacentTextfromtheInsertFieldlistintheTemplatespanels.Youcan
alsoenteritbytypingCtrl+Alt+Space.Itappearsonthescreenasasmalldiamond.
Thenon-breakingspaceisconvertedtoanormalspaceintheformattingp
rocess.Commonusesofthenon-breakingspace
include(where" "isu
sedasanon-breakingspace):
p^ppPages
Editioned.
volVolume
EditorEd.^
Thenon-breakingspaceisalsousedinconjunctionwiththeverticalb
ar(seebelow)tochangethedependencyofapunctuation
markfromonefieldtoanother.
Volume|:Issue|.
Inthiscase,thecolon(:)islinkedtotheIssuefieldwithanon-breakings pace,soitdoesnotprintinthebibliographyiftheIssue
fieldise
mpty.
Forced SeparationUsing the Vertical Bar

Ifyoudonotwanttextorpunctuationtobedependentontheprecedingorfollowingfield,usetheverticalbarcharacter(|),toforce
aseparationofthetextfromafield.Theverticalbarcanbefoundonthesamekeyasthebackslash(\).Itcanalsobeinserted
fromt heInsertFieldlistintheTemplatespanels.
Thinkofaverticalbarasbreakingdependence,orforcingseparationbetweentwodependentitems.(Theverticalbarworksin
exactlytheoppositew ayasthenon-breakingspace.)
Forexample,theJournalArticletemplatesinsomestylesrequireap
eriodbetweenthevolumeandissue.Atemplateforsucha
stylemightlooklikethis(where"indicatesa
space):
Journal Article
Author."Title."JournalVolume.Issue(Year):Pages.
However,whenthisstyleformatsajournalarticlethatdoesnotincludea
nissuenumber,thebibliographyentrywillbeincorrect,
asinthefollowingexample:
Clark,H.andCarlson,T."HearersandSpeechActs."Language58.(1982):332-373.
Noticethattheperiodusedtoseparatethevolumefromtheissueappearsh
ereintheabsenceofanissuebecauseitisdependent
upontheVolume(Rule#2).Andthespaceseparatingthevolumeandtheyearislostbecausethatspaceisdependentuponthe
Issuefield(Rule#3).
EndNotehasawayofavoidingtheseproblems.Theverticalbarcharacter(|)canbeusedtobreaktheautomaticgroupingof
spacesandpunctuationw
ithadjacentfields.
Ifyouinserttheverticalbarbeforetheperiodinourexample,thep
eriodsdependencyswitchesfromtheVolumefieldtotheIssue
field.A
ddanotherverticalbarbeforethespacethatfollowstheIssuefield,a
ndthespacewillnolongerbedependentontheIssue
field.Usethev erticalbarcharacterinconjunctionwiththenon-breakingspace.Withthesechangesthestylelookslikethis:
Journal Article
Author."Title."JournalVolume|.Issue|(Year)|:Pages|.
Andtheformattedreferencewithoutanissueiscorrect:
Clark,H.andCarlson,T."HearersandSpeechActs."Language58(1982):332-373.
Othercommonexamplesforusingtheverticalbarinclude:
Publisher|:City
Pages|.(tom
akethefinalperiodindependent)
Field Names in Bibliographies

SometimesyoumayneedtousetextinatemplatethatisalsoanEndNotefieldnameforthatreferencetype.Forexample,you
maywanttousethew
ord"Editor"aftertheeditorsname:
Jones,V.R.,B.K.Marion,andR.L.Zeiss,T
he Theory of Foraging,inAHistoryofForagingBehavior,B.J.Bloggs,
Editor.1976,SmithandBarnes:NewYork.
Normally,EndNoteinterpretstheword"Editor"asafieldn
amewhenitappearsinabooks styletemplate.Thisiseventrueof
fieldnamesthatappearaspartofaword,suchas"Editors"or"Issued."Fieldnamesneednotbecapitalizedtoberecognized.
ToforceEndNotetointerpretawordasjusttextandnotasafieldn
ameinatemplate,putanaccentgravecharacterbeforeand
afterthew ord:Èditor`.Theaccentgraveisfoundintheupperleftcornerofmostkeyboardsonthesamekeyasthetilde(~).
Remembertoalsousethenon-breakingspacetolinkthetext,Èditor`,totheEditorfield.
Book Section
Author,Title|.inBookTitle|,Editor,Èditor`|.Year,Publisher|:City|,p.Pages.
Singular/Plural Term Separator (Caret ^)

Youcanspecifybothsingularandpluralformsoflabels foreditorso
rpagesinaformattedreferencebyusingacaret(^)toseparatethet erms.Forexample,somestyles put"Ed."afterasingleeditora
nd"Eds."followsseveraleditorsnames.Or,similarly,
"p."mightprecedeasinglepage,while"pp." precedesmultiplepages.Thisfeaturecanbeappliedtoanyfieldthatcorrespondsto
theGenericfieldforAuthor,SecondaryAuthor,TertiaryAuthor,SubsidiaryAuthor,Pages,andCitedPages.
Inthestyletemplate,enterboththesingularandpluralformsofthelabelseparatedbyacaret(insertitfromtheInsertFieldlistor
typeShift+6).Anytextbeforethecaret,backtobutnotincludingtheprecedings pace,isusedforthesingularform;textafterthe
caret,uptothen
extspace,isusedforthepluralform.Thesetermsmustalsobelinkedt otherelevantfieldusinganon-breaking
space.Forexample,astyletemplatemightlooklikethis:
Edited Book
Editor,ed.êds.Title.NumberofVolumesvols|.Vol.Volume|,Series Title|.City|:Publisher|, Year|.
Orlikethis:
Journal Article
Author."Title,"JournalVolume|.Issue|(Year)|:p.^pp.Pages|.
Related Topics:
Addinga
AddingNewR
eferenceTypes
AdditionalS
Bibliographya
ndFootnoteTemplates
EndNoteCleansU p
FontsandTextStyles
Additional Style Formatting Options

Additional Style Formatting Options
Templatesdeterminetheg
enerallayoutoftheformattedreferencesandcitations.Theremaindero
fthepanelsintheStylewindowcanbeusedtofine-tunecertainaspectsofabibliographicstyle:
l AnonymousWorks
l PageNumbers
l JournalNames
l Sections(MicrosoftWordOnly)
l AmbiguousCitations
l Numbering
l AuthorLists(Bibliographya
ndFootnotes)
l AuthorLists(Citations)
l AuthorNames(Bibliographya
ndFootnotes)
l AuthorNames(Citations)
l EditorListsandEditorNames
l Layout
l SortOrder
l TitleCapitalization
l RepeatedCitations(inFootnotes)
l FigureandTablePlacementandC
aptions
Field Substitutions (Bibliography and Footnotes)

TheFieldSubstitutionspanels undertheBibliographyandFootnotesh
eadingsallowyoutosubstituteanotherfieldinthebibliographyandfootnotesofareferenceifoneofthefollowingfieldsisempty.
l DOI
l PMCID
l VolumeandPages
Youcanalsospecifywhichfieldtousewhentheeditorandtranslatora
rethesame.Theeditorandtranslatoroptionisavailable
forallstyles.
Thevalues thatcurrentlypopulatethefieldsontheFieldSubstitutionsp
anelsaredefaultvalues.Youcanchoosetoactivatefield
substitutionsb
yselectingthecheckbox.Forexample,ifyouselectthe"IftheD
OIfieldisempty,use"checkbox,EndNoteuses
theURLiftheDOIfieldisemptyinthebibliographyandfootnotesofareference;otherwise,EndNotedisplaystheDOIinformation.
YoucanalsoselectanotherfieldfromtheInsertFieldlistifyoud
onotwanttousethedefaultvalue.
Tosubstitutefieldvalues inabibliographyand/orfootnote:
1. OpentheStyleManagerbyselectingOutputStylesf romtheEditmenu,andthenselectingOpenStyleManager.
2. Selectthestylethatyouwouldliketoedit,andt henclicktheEditbutton.
3. AftertheStylewindowopens,selectFieldSubstitutionsfromundertheBibliographyorFootnotesheading.
4. Activatefieldsubstitutionbyselectingthecheckboxofeachfield.Thecurrentsubstitute(default)valuedisplaysifthe
fieldisempty.
Alternatively,youcanselectanotherfieldfromtheInsertFieldlist.
5. FromtheFilemenu,selectSaveAs.Inthedialogthatappears,e
nteranewnameforthismodifiedstyle,andthenclick
Save.
Examples
l YouarecitingaprepressarticlethathasaDOIn
umberbutnotvolumeorpageinformation.Theguidelinesindicatethatthe
DOIshouldbeincludedinareferencefortheprepressarticles.TheoutputstylethatyouselecttellsEndNotetousethe
DOIiftheV
olumeandPagesfieldsareempty;otherwise,EndNotedisplaysvolumea
ndpageinformation.
l YouarecitingaPubMedarticle,butithasnoty etbeenassignedaPMCID.TherecorddoeshaveaNIHMSID.TheguidelinesindicatethattheNIHMSIDshouldbeusedasasubstitution.TheoutputstylethatyouselecttellsEndNotetousethe
NIHMSIDifthePMCIDfieldisempty;otherwise,EndNotedisplaysthePMCIDinformation.
Anonymous Works
AnonymousworksaredefinedbyEndNoteasreferenceswheretheAuthorf ieldisblank(not"Anonymous").Thesettingsinthe
AnonymousW
orkspanelapplytoallsectionsofastyle(Citations,Bibliography,a
ndFootnotes).
Leave Author Blank:Theauthorsectiono
ftheformattedreferenceisleftempty.Ifthereferencesaretobes ortedbyauthor
names,theanonymousworkswouldbesortedatthetopo
fthelistbecausetheyhavenoauthor.
Use Title in Place of Author:Wheret heauthorwouldhaveappeared,thetitleisusedinstead.Ifthereferencesa
resortedby
author,theanonymousreferenceswillbesortedasthoughthetitleweretheauthor.IfyouwouldpreferthatEndNoteusethecontentso
fthe"ShortTitle"fieldinplaceofthefulltitle(wherea
vailable),clickthe"UseShortTitle"checkbox.IfEndNote
encountersareferencethatdoesnothaveanythingenteredintotheShortT
itlefield,itusesthecontentsoftheregularTitlefield
instead.
Use APA Specifications:T
heAmericanPsychologicalAssociationformat(usedbymanyjournals)requiresaspecialvariation
ofthe"UseTitleinPlaceofAuthor"o
ption.
Insert Text:Thetextthatyouenterh
ereappearsintheauthorsplaceintheformattedreference,anditisusedforsortingpurposesifthereferencesaretobesortedbyauthornames.Commonlythistextwouldbesomethingliketheword"Anonymous"o
r
"Anon."
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
Page Numbers
ThePageN
umberspanelallowsyoutospecifyhowthepagenumbersshouldbeformattedforyourreferences:
l Dont change page numbers
ThecontentsofthePagesfieldareu
seddirectlyintheformattedreference.Nochangesaremade.
l Show only first page
OnlythefirstcharactersinthePagesfieldupto,b
utnotincluding,thefirstdashorcommaareincludedinthebibliography.
Example:" 123-125"inthePagesfieldbecomes"123"int heformattedreference.
l Abbreviate last page
Anydigitsofthelastpagenumberthatarethesameasthefirstpagen
umberareeliminated.Example:"123-125"inthePages
fieldbecomes"123-5"intheformattedreference.
l Abbreviate last page, keeping two digits
Anydigitsofthelastpagenumberthatarethesameasthefirstpagen
umberareeliminated,downtoaminimumoftwodigits.
Example:" 123-125"inthePagesfieldbecomes"123-25"intheformattedreference.
l Show range of pages
Leadingdigits areaddedtothelastpagenumber,ifnecessary,sothefullpagerangeisused.Example:"123-5"inthePages
fieldbecomes"123-125"intheformattedreference.
l Show only first page for Journals and full range for others
Journalarticlesareformatteddifferentlyfromothertypesofreferences.
Note:SpecialF
ormattingCharactersdescribeshowtoinstructEndNotetoaddtexts uchas"p."vs."pp.",or"page"vs."pages"
totheformattedreferencesusingthecaret(^).
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
Journal Names
Differentjournalshavedifferentstandardsforabbreviatingjournalnames.Forexample,somestyles mayrequire"Proceedingsof
theNationalAcademyofScience"tobeabbreviatedas"Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.,""P.N.A.S."or"PNAS."EndNotesJournals
termlistprovidesawayforyoustoreuptofourvariationsofjournalnames(thefullnameandthreeformsofabbreviations)tobe
usedinyourbibliographies.
TheJournalstermlistthatiscreatedforeverylibraryisautomaticallylinkedtotheJournalandAlternateJournalfields,andthereforeitisreadytobeusedwiththeJournalNamesoptions.Yousimply needtobes urethatthenecessaryinformationisinthe
Journalstermlist,andthatyourstyleissetuptousethecorrectformofthejournalname.
IfyourJournalstermlistincludesthenameofthejournalasitise
nteredinyourEndNotereferences,andtheformofthejournal
namethaty ouwouldliketoappearinyourbibliographies,youmaysimplysetyourp
referenceinastyletohaveEndNotesubstituteaformofthenameintheJournalstermlistforwhatwasenteredintoyourreferences.
EndNoteprovidesseveraljournalabbreviationlistsfordifferentdisciplines(includingmedicine,chemistry,andhumanities).Ifyou
areinterestedinusingoneoftheselists,youmayimportitintoyourJournalstermlist(seeLoadingS
uppliedJournalAbbreviations)andsetupabibliographicstyletouseoneoftheabbreviationsfortheformattedbibliography.IfEndNoted
oesnotpro-
videajournaltermlistthatappliestoyourareaofresearch,y oumayalsoenterthejournalabbreviationsyourself.SeeImportant
PointsAboutEnteringJournalNames.
TomodifyastyletousetheabbreviationsinaJournalstermlist:
1. FromtheEditmenu,selectOutputStyles,a
ndthenselectOpenStyleManager.
2. SelectthestylethatyouwouldliketomodifyandclickEdit.
3. SelecttheJournalNamespanelfromthelistattheleftoftheStylewindowtoseetheavailableoptions:
l Full Journal Name
Whencreatingabibliography,EndNotereplacestheJournalnameinthereferencewiththeformofthatnameinthefirstcolumnoftheJ ournalstermlist.Thisfirstcolumnisnormallyusedforfullnames.
l Abbreviation 1
Abbreviation 2
Abbreviation 3
Inthebibliography,thejournalnameforeachreferenceisreplacedw
iththeformofthatnameinthesecond,third,orfourth
columno
ftheJournalstermlist,respectively.
l Dont Replace
Inthebibliography,EndNoteusesthejournalnameexactlyasitappearsinthereferenceintheEndNotelibrary.No
changesaremade.
l Abbreviate in Journal Articles Only
ThesubstitutionsmadewiththeJournalNamesoptioncanapplytoallSecondaryTitlefields,ortotheSecondaryTitle
fieldforonlytheJ ournalArticlereferencetype.Ifyouuncheckthisoptiontoapplythisfeaturetoallreferencetypes,EndNotealsoabbreviatesfieldssuchasConferenceName,andthenamesofm
agazinesandnewspapers.
l Remove Periods
SelectthisoptiontohaveEndNoteeliminatetheperiodsfromalljournaln
amesinthebibliographythatitiscreating,regardlessoftheabbreviationbeingused.ThisoptiondoesnotrequirethatthejournalnamesbeintheJournalstermlist.For
example,ifthejournalnamesareenteredintoyourreferencesusingperiods,andyoudonothaveaJournalstermlistthat
includesthenameswithoutperiods,youcanstilljustc heckthisoptionandtheperiodswillbestrippedoutofthejournal
nameswhenEndNoteformatsabibliography.
IfajournalnameisnotfoundinthespecifiedcolumnoftheJournalstermlist,thestyleusesthejournalnameasitappearsinthe
Referencew indow.Noreplacementismadeforthatjournal.
IfnothingisenteredintheJournalstermlistorifthereisnospecialJ ournalstermlist,theJournalNamesoptionalways defaults
toDont Replace,andEndNoteusesthejournalnameexactlyasitappearsintheoriginalreference.
Note:Noneofthesec hangesactuallytakesplaceintheEndNotelibrary.Theseoptionsonlyd
eterminewhatinformationgoes
intothebibliographythatisgeneratedu
singtheCopyFormatted,Print,Export,andFormatBibliographycommands.
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
Sections (Microsoft Word Only)

PreviousversionsofEndNotealwayscreatedasinglebibliographyattheendofyourwordprocessordocuments.Thatisstilltrue
whenyouC
iteWhileYouWriteinOpenOffice.orgW
riterdocumentsorformatRTFfiles.However,EndNoteincludesadditional
outputstyleoptionsspecificallyforMicrosoftW
ord.Youcanchooseto:
l Createacompletebibliographyattheendofeachdocument(thedefaultsettingforalmostallofthesuppliedo
utputstyles).
l Createabibliographyforeachsectioninthedocument(asdefinedinthestyles APA5th(sections)andChicago1
5thB
(sections)).
l Createabibliographyforeachsectionandalsoa
completebibliographyattheendofthedocument.
FormoreinformationaboutusingsectionsinaMicrosoftWorddocument,s eeCreatingMultipleB
ibliographiesinaSingleDocument.
Note:TheSectionsp
ortionofanoutputstyleisignoredbyOpenOffice.orgW riter,RTFfiles,andversionsofEndNotepriorto
versionX6.
Create a complete bibliography at the end of each document
Thisdefaultsettingformatsasinglebibliographyattheendofadocument.E
venifyouhavebrokenthedocumentintomultiple
sections,asingleb
ibliographywillappearattheendofthedocument.
Create a bibliography for each section in the document
Whenyouselectthisoption,abibliographyiscreatedattheendofe
achsection,andincludesonlythecitationswithinasection.
Anadditionalcheckboxisavailableforsections:
Continuenumbering,orapplysettingsfordisambiguationandrepeatedcitationsacrosssections.
When the check box is blank
Whenanumberedbibliographicstyleisselected,citationnumberingw
illberestartedatthebeginningofeachsection.
Whenanon-numberedbibliographicstyleisselected,ambiguousc itationsettingswillberestartedandappliedtoeachsection
itations.
individually.F
ormoreinformationaboutambiguouscitationsettings,seeAmbiguousC
When the check box is selected
Foranumberedstyle,selectingthecheckboxwillassurethatnumberingiscontinuedacrosssections.Forexample,ifcitations
inthefirstsectiona
renumbered1to10,citationsinthenextsectionwillstartwithnumber1
1.
Foranon-numberedstyle,ambiguouscitationsettingswillapplyacrosstheentiredocument.Formoreinformationaboutambiguouscitationsettings,s eeAmbiguousCitations.
Create a bibliography for each section and a complete bibliography at the end of the document.
Thisoptioncreatesabibliographyforeachsectionaswellasacompleteb
ibliographyofallthecitationsinthedocument.
Fornumberedstyles,citationnumberingcontinuessequentiallyacrossallsections,withoutrestartingforeachsection.
Fornon-numberedstyles,ambiguouscitationsettingsareappliedacrosstheentiredocument,withoutrestartingforeachsection.
Ifadocumentisnotdividedintosections,EndNoteformatsasingle,c ompletebibliographyattheendofthedocument.
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
CreatingM
ultipleBibliographiesinaSingleDocument
Ambiguous Citations
Within-textcitationslike(Smith,1995)or(Smith246-9),referencesc anhaveidenticalin-textcitationsiftheyarebythesame
authorortheauthorshavethesamelastname.Thisleadstoambiguityinthecitationsthatwouldmakeitimpossibleforthe
readerofyourpapertoknowwhichreferencetoSmithyouarereferring.EndNoteprovidesvariouswaystoa
voidthissortofambiguityinyourcitations.
Anycombinationofthefollowingoptionsmaybeused.Clickinthecheckb
oxnexttoalloptionsthatapply.Notethatthesesettingsassumethea
uthorisusedinthein-textcitation.Theyarenotrelevantforstylest hatusebibliographynumbersforthein-text
citationsasitisnotpossibletohaveambiguouscitationswhentheyareuniquelynumbered.
Include author initials in citation
CheckthisoptiontohaveEndNoteincludeinitialswithauthornamestod
istinguishbetweencitationsbydifferentauthorsthat
happentohavethesamesurname.SelecthowtheinitialsshouldappearfromtheInitialso
ptioninthesection.Forexample,the
MLAs tyleusesjustauthornamesandpagenumbersincitations.Initialsarea
ddedtoclarifywhichSmithwrotethecitedreference:
(S.Smith241-5)and(L.Smith12-20)
List more authors until citation is unique
Somestylesrequestthatonlyafixednumberofauthorsbelistedinthein-textcitation,andthen"etal."or"andothers"isinserted
toindicatethattheauthorlistwasabbreviated.Selectthiso
ptionifyouwouldlikeEndNotetolistadditionalauthorstomakethe
citationunique.Forexample,ifthein-textcitationsweresettolisto
nly3authors,andyouhavetworeferencesinwhichthefirst
threeauthorsa
rethesame,EndNotewouldaddafourthauthortothecitations,andc ontinueinthatmanneruntilthelistofauthors
wasdifferentbetweenthetwocitations.
Add the title for different works by the same author(s)
Ifyouhavetwoworksbythesameauthor,itwonthelptoaddinitialsorlistmoreauthorstodifferentiatethetwo.Inthiscase,
somestylesrequestthatthetitleofthereference(orashortenedformofthetitle)beaddedtothein-textcitation.Ifyouc hoose
thisoptionandselecttheShortTitleoption,EndNoteincludesthecontentsoftheShortTitlefieldwhenavailable.Otherwise,it
usest hefulltitle.Theformatofthetitleistakendirectlyfromthebibliography.T
hisisanexampleintheMLAstyle,whichnormallyincludesonlytheauthorandpagenumberinacitation:
(Smith,History of Our Times35)
(Smith,Looking Forward77)
Add a letter after the year
Forcitationsinan(Author,Year)format,EndNotecanaddalettertotheyeartomakecitationsfromthesameauthorpublishedin
thesamey eardistinguishablefromeachother.Theletterappendedtotheyearw
illappearinboththein-textcitationsandreferencesinthebibliography.
(Smith1995a)
(Smith1995b)
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
Numbering Citations
ThesettingsinthecitationNumberingpanelapplyonlywhen"BibliographyN umber"isusedintheCitationTemplate.T
his
createsuniquelynumberedcitationsinthetextofthepaper;then
umberscorrespondtoentriesinthebibliography.Forpapersformattedw
ithanumberedstyle,theseoptionsarerelevanttomultiplecitationsg
roupedwithinonesetofcitationdelimiters.When
unformatted,amultiplec itationlookslikethis:
{Keys,1998#93;Jen,1996#
88;
Use Number Ranges for Consecutive Citations

Whenthisoptionischecked,consecutivebibliographynumbersappearinginamultiplecitationarejoinedbyasinglehyphen,for
example:
asshownbytheBerkeleys tudiesconductedin19873-6and19891,7.
Grouped References
TheGroupedReferenceoptionallowsyoutocitewithonenumberanyreferencesthatalways appeartogetherinthepaperasmultiplecitations.T
hecitationsarenotgiventheirownnumbers,butratheronenumberisu
sedbothinthetextandthebibliographyto
identifythewholegroupo
fcitations.Withthissetting,youalsohavetheoptiontospecifyhowthegroupedreferencesinthebibliographyshouldbeseparated.
Thisoptionshowsasemicolonandaspaceasaseparator:
1. McCormick,MP,GeophysicalResearchLetters(1999)15,907;
Composite Citations
Withingroupedreferences,youcandifferentiateindividualcitationsw ithletters.
Todefineacompositecitation:
1. SelecttheboxtoUseletterstoseparateg
roupedreferences.
2. UsethePresentlettersinlisttoselectL
owercaseorUppercaseletters.
3. Selecttheappropriateletterformatforin-textformattedcitations.Theexamplesillustratehowlettersandnumbersappear
forconsecutivecitationsandranges.
l (1a,1b),(1a,1b,2a-c)
Thenumberalwaysappearswithastand-aloneletterorwiththefirstletterofarange.Thisisthedefaultsetting.
l (1a,b),(1a,b,2a-c)
Onlytheletterofthefirstcitationofthecompositeisprecededw
iththenumber.
l (1a,b),(1a,1b,2a-c)
Theletterofthefirstcitationofthecompositeisprecededwitha
number;additionallettersincludeanumberonlyifthere
couldb
eambiguity.
l (1a,1b),(1a,1b,2a-2c)
Lettersarealwaysprecededbyanumber.
4. UsethePrecedebyandFollowbyboxestoentera
nycharacter(s)thatyouwanttos urroundtheletterinthebibliography.
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
Citation Author Lists

IfthestyleyouareusingliststheauthornamesintheCitationtemplateoftheStylewindow,youcanusetheAuthorListoptions
(aswellastheAuthorNamespanel)tocontrolhowtheauthorsappearinyourin-textc itations.Ifyourcitationsdonotincludethe
authornames,ignoretheA
uthorListpanel.
Separators Between Author Names

Inthe"AuthorSeparators"box,enteranypunctuationands pacesthatseparatetheindividualauthornamesinacitation.Inreferencesw
ithmultipleauthors,itisstandardtoseparatethenameswithacommaa
ndaspace.
l Usethe"between"boxtoenteracommaandaspace,oranyotherrequiredpunctuation.
l Inthe"beforelast"box,entertheseparatorthatappearsbeforethelastauthorinareference.Sometimesthisissomething
otherthanacommaandaspace,suchas",and"oranampersand(&)followedbyaspace.
l Inthe"beforelastinformat:Author(Year)"box,entertheseparatorthatappearsbeforethelastauthorintheAuthor(Year)format.Thebehaviorofthisoptionisthesameasthe"beforelast"box.Thisallowsyoutomeetthespecificationsofsomestyles
thatrequiredifferentformatsdependingonwhethertheformatusedisthedefaultformatortheAuthor(Year)format.Byenteringavalueinthisfield,youdonothavetoediteachofthecitations,references,orfootnotes.
NormallyonlythefirstrowintheAuthorSeparatorsboxisused(withtherangeofauthorssetat"1to100")sothattheseparators
inthatrowapplytoalloftheauthorscitedinareference.However,therearestylesinwhichtwoauthorsarelistedas"Smithand
Jones"(withoutacomma),andmorethantwoarelistedas"Smith,Jones,a
ndJohnson"(withacommabeforetheword"and").In
thisc ase,make"and"the"Separatorbeforelastauthor"w
henthereareonlytwoauthors;andenter",and"whentherea
re3or
moreauthors.
Note:Includespaces a
ftercommasaswellasbeforeandaftertheword"and".
Abbreviating the Author List, First Appearance

Somejournalsrequirethatyouabbreviatethelistofauthors,using" etal."oranequivalent,afteracertainnumberofauthors.T
he
AbbreviatedAuthorListsectionoftheAuthorListspanelallowsyoutospecifythenumberofauthorsneededtotriggerthisabbreviation,h
owmanyauthorstoincludeintheformattedreference,andwhattheabbreviations houldbe.
List all author names
Selectthisoptionifyoudonotwanttoabbreviatetheauthorlists.
If ___ or more authors, list the first ___ author(s)
Selectthisoptionandfillintheblanks withtheappropriatenumbersifyouwouldlikethelistofauthorsabbreviated.
and abbreviate with
Enteranabbreviationsuchas",etal."Youcanitalicizethea
bbreviationbyselectingthe"Italic"checkboxinthedialog.
Abbreviating the Author List, Subsequent Appearances

Insomebibliographicstyles,ifareferenceiscitedmorethanonceinyourpaperthefirstappearanceofitinanin-textcitationis
formatteddifferentlyfromsubsequentcitations.Forexample,thefirstcitationm
ightlistallauthors,whilesubsequentcitationslist
onlythefirstauthorfollowedby"etal."
UsetheFirstAppearanceauthorlistsettingstospecifythewaythea
uthorsappearthefirsttimethereferenceiscited.Usethe
SubsequentA
ppearancesoptionstoformatauthorsinallotherappearancesofthec itation.
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
AuthorL
ist(BibliographyandFootnotes)
CitationA
uthorNames
Citation Author Names

Name Format
TheNameFormatsectionallowsyoutospecifyhowtheauthornamesshouldlookwhetherthefirstorlastnameshouldcome
first,andwhethertheres houldbeacommaafterthelastname.
First Author/Other Authors:Usingthelistfor"FirstAuthor"and"OtherAuthors",youc anhavethefirstauthorappeardifferently
fromtheotherauthorsinareference.Fromtheselists,selecttheexamplethatshowsthenameintheorderthatyouwouldlikeit
tobeinthecitation.Ifthein-textcitationsuseonlythelastname,thissettingisnotimportant.
Capitalization:S
pecifyhowyouwouldliketheauthornamestoappear.
l
l
l
l
AsIs(asenteredinthereference)
Normal(firstletterofeachnameiscapitalized)
ALLU
PPERCASE
SmallCaps(thesem
ayormaynotbesupportedbyyourwordprocessor)
Ifyoua
pplyacapitalizationoptiontoauthornames,buthaveaspecificnamethatyoudonotwantchanged,youcanusethe
ChangeCasepreferencetoleavethatnameasentered.SeeChangeC asePreferences.
Initials:Selectfromtheavailableo
ptionsinthelisttospecifyhowtheinitialsshouldlookinthecitations.S
electLastOnlyifyou
onlyneedthelastnameoftheauthorstoappearinthecitations.
"Use initials only for primary authors with the same name"
Thisoptionallowsforinitialstobeusedonlywhenthereareprimarya
uthorswiththesamelastnameincludedinthebibliography.
Regardlesso
fwhetherornottheresultingcitationsareambiguous(thatis,theyc ouldbefromdifferentyears),EndNotewilladd
theinitialstothosec itationstoclarifythattheyarefromdifferentauthorswhohappentoh
avethesamesurname.
Consecutive Citations by the Same Author
Ifamultiplecitationincludesworksbythesameauthor,somestylesrequestthatyounotrepeattheauthorname.Checkthesettingto"omitrepeatedauthors"andEndNotewillomittheauthornamefromthec itationafteritfirstappears.Inorderforthissettingtobeused,thecitationsmustallbegroupedtogetherinamultiplecitation,andthecitationsbythesameauthormustappear
onerightaftertheother.
Forexample,areferencesuchasthis:
(Smith,1993;Smith,1999;Wyatt,2
000)
wouldbechangedtolooklikethis:
(Smith,1993,1999;Wyatt,2
000)
Youhavetheadditionaloptioninthiscasetochoosetheseparatortousebetweenthesecitations.Noticeintheexampleabove,
thestylenormallyusesasemicolontoseparatemultiplecitations.Butwhentherea
reaseries ofcitationsbythesameauthor,the
repeatedauthornamesa
redroppedandtheyearsareseparatedbycommas.Inthiscase,acommaandaspaceshouldbe
enteredasthepunctuationwithwhichtoseparatetheconsecutivecitationsbythesameauthor.
Ifyouhaveenteredcitationswithsuffixesandyouwouldlikethosec itationsexcludedfromthisformatting,check"Dontomit
authorsfromcitationswithsuffixes.Fore
xample,iftworeferencesbythesameauthorincludedpagenumbers:
(Smith,1993p24;Smith,1999p5;Wyatt,2000)
somestylesrequestthatyoudoleavetheauthornameinthesecondc itationforclarity.
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
AuthorN
ames(BibliographyandFootnotes)
CitationA
uthorLists
Author Lists (Bibliography and Footnotes)

TheAuthorListspanelsundertheBibliographyandFootnotesheadingsletyouspecifyexactlyhowtheauthorsaretoappearin
theformattedb
ibliographicreferencesorinyourfootnotes.Youcanformatauthornamesd
ifferently inthefootnotesandbibliography,sobesurethatyouchecktheAuthorListssettingsunderboththeBibliographyandtheFootnotesh
eadingstoadjust
settings.Thesettingsinthesepanelsapplytoallreferencetypesformattedwiththecurrentstyle.
Separators Between Author Names

Inthe"AuthorSeparators"box,enteranypunctuationands pacesthatseparatetheindividualauthornamesinabibliographicreference.Inreferenceswithmultipleauthors,itisstandardtoseparatethenamesw
ithacommaandaspace.
l Usethe"between"boxtoenteracommaa
ndaspaceoranyotherrequiredpunctuation.
l Usethe"beforelast"b
oxtoentertheseparatorthatappearsbeforethelastauthorinareference.S
ometimesthisissomethingotherthanacommaandaspace,suchas",a
nd"oranampersand(&)followedbyaspace.
l Usethe"beforelastinformat:Author(Year)"boxtoentertheseparatorthatappearsbeforethelastauthorwhenusingthe
Author(Year)b
ibliographicformat.Byenteringavalueinthisbox,youdonothavetoediteachofthecitationsandfootnotes.
NormallyonlythefirstrowintheAuthorSeparatorsboxisused(withtherangeofauthorssetat"1to100")sothattheseparators
inthatrowapplytoalloftheauthorscitedinareference.However,therearestylesinwhichtwoauthorsarelistedas"Smithand
Jones"(withoutacomma),andmorethantwoarelistedas"Smith,Jones,a
ndJohnson"(withacommabeforetheword"and").In
thisc ase,make"and"the"beforelast"separatorwhenthereareonlytwoauthors;andenter",and"whenthereare3
ormore
authors.
Note:Includespaces a
ftercommasaswellasbeforeandaftertheword"and".
APA 6th Settings

TheAPA6thsettingsallowsyoutod
isplaythefirstsixauthors(oreditors)followedbythetext(presetto,...)followedbythe
lastauthor(oreditor).Selecttheradiob
uttonthatsays:
"Ifeightormoreauthors,listthefirst6authors,insert,...andaddthelastauthor'sname."
Whenthissettingisselected,itoverrideswhateversettingsareintheAuthorSeparatorsandEditorSeparatorssettingsatthetop
ofthep
anels.
Note:Thedefaultv alueis",..."Youcan,however,changethisvalue-forexample,y oucansetthisvalueto"etal."orwhatever
styleyouchoose.
Abbreviating the Author List

Somejournalsrequirethatyouabbreviatethelistofauthors,using" etal."oranequivalent,afteracertainnumberofauthors.T
he
AbbreviatedAuthorListsectionoftheAuthorListpanelallowsyoutospecifythenumberofauthorsneededtotriggerthisabbreviation,h
owmanyauthorstoincludeintheformattedreference,andwhattheabbreviations houldbe.
and abbreviate with
Enteranabbreviationsuchas"etal."Youcanitalicizetheabbreviationbyselectingthe"Italic"checkboxinthedialog.
For Subsequent Works by the Same Author

Insomebibliographicstyles,ifathereismorethanoneworkbyana
uthor(orgroupofauthors),thefirstappearanceofthatauthor
nameisformatteddifferentlyfromsubsequent works.Forexample,thefirstreferencemightlistthefullauthorname,whilesubsequentreferencesd
isplayalineofdashesinplaceoftheauthorname.
Youcanprinttheentireauthorlistforeachreference,completelyleaveouttheauthorlistforsubsequentworks,orreplace
repeatedauthorlistswithatextstring.
Abbreviated Author List - Short Form (for footnotes only)

and abbreviate with
Enteranabbreviationsuchas"etal."Youcanitalicizetheabbreviationbyselectingthe"Italic"checkboxinthed
ialog.
WhenyouarefinisheddefiningyourshortformAuthorListsf ootnotestyles:
1. FromtheFilemenu,clickSaveAs.
2. Giveyourupdatedsettingsaname(forexample," MyChicago15thAuthorLists"),andthenclickSave.
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
AuthorN
CitationA
uthorLists
Author Names (Bibliography and Footnotes)

Name Format
ThereisanAuthorNamespanelforbibliographiesandfootnotes,asw
ellasforcitations.Somestylesrequestthatauthornames
areformattedd
ifferently inallthreecases.BesurethatyouselecttheAuthorNamesp
anelfromundertheappropriateheading.
Theauthornamesformatforc itationsisdescribedinCitationA
uthorNames.Thistopicdescribestheoptionsthatareavailable
forboththefootnoteandbibliographyAuthorNamespanel.
Thesesettingsareforchoosinghowauthornamesshouldlookforexample,w hetherthefirstorlastnameshouldcomefirst,
whetherthereshouldb
eacommaafterthelastname,andhowthenamesshouldbecapitalized.
First Author/Other Authors:UsingthelistforFirstAuthorandOtherAuthors,youcanhavethefirstauthora
ppeardifferently
fromtheotherauthorsinareference.Fromtheselists,s electtheexamplethatshowsthenameintheorderthatyouwantinthe
reference.
Capitalization:S
pecifyhowauthornamesshouldappear.
l
l
l
l
AsIs(ase
nteredinthereference)
Normal(firstletterofeachnameiscapitalized)
ALLUPPERCASE
SmallC
aps(thesemayormaynotbesupportedbyyourwordprocessor)
Ifyoua
pplyacapitalizationoptiontoauthornames,buthaveaspecificnamethatyoudonotwantchanged,youcanusethe
ChangeCasepreferencetoleavethatnameasentered.SeeChangeC asePreferences.
ptionsinthelisttospecifyhowtheinitialsshouldappearintheformattedreferences.Clickthe
Initialslisttochoosehowtheauthorsfirstandmiddlenamesshouldbeformatted.Ifyouhavenotenteredthefullfirstn
amesand
youselecttheFullNamesoption,EndNoteusesthenamesasy ouhaveenteredthemintothereference.SelectLastOnlyto
showjustt helastname,withnofirstormiddleinitials.
Note:InitialsenteredintoanEndNotereferencemustbeseparatedbyaperiodoraspace(suchasM.J.SteinorMJStein).Two
letterstogether(suchasMJStein)willnotbeinterpretedastwoinitials,butinsteadasatwo-letterfirstname.
Name Format - Short Form

ThereisanAuthorNamespanelfordisplayingfootnotesinshortform.
First Author/Other Authors:UsingthelistforFirstAuthorandOtherAuthors,youcanhavethefirstauthora
ppeardifferently
fromtheotherauthorsinafootnote.Fromtheselists,s electtheexamplethatshowsthenameintheorderthatyouwantinthe
footnote.
l JaneSmith
l Smith,Jane
l SmithJane
Capitalization:S
pecifyhowauthornamesshouldappear.Forexample:
l AsIs
l Normal
l AllUppercase
l SmallCaps
ptionsinthelisttospecifyhowtheinitialsshouldappearintheformattedf ootnote.Forexample:
l
l
l
l
l
l
FullName
LastName
A.B.
A.B.
AB
AB
WhenyouarefinisheddefiningyourshortformAuthorNamefootnotestyles:
2. Giveyourupdatedsettingsaname(forexample," MyChicago15thAuthors"),andthenclickSave.
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
AuthorL
ist(BibliographyandFootnotes)
CitationA
uthorNames
Editor List and Editor Names

Tospecifyhowtheeditorsnamesaretobeformatted,selectEditorL
istorEditorNamefromundertheBibliographyorFootnote
heading.Inthosepanelsyouwillfindsomeofthesamesettingsthathavebeendescribedf orformattingauthornames.
TheEditorListsettingsapplytothegenericSecondaryAuthor,TertiaryA
uthor,andSubsidiaryAuthorfields.Thesefields
includes"Editor"intheBookSectionandConferenceProceedingsreferencetypes,and"SeriesE
ditor"intheBookandEdited
Bookreferencetypes.
TheinstructionsfortheEditorListpanelareidenticaltothosedescribedfortheAuthorListpanel.Similarly,theNameFormat
optionsintheEditorNamepanelarethesameasthosef orAuthorNames.
"Editors" Are Considered Primary Authors for Edited Book Reference Types
TheAuthorListandAuthorNamessettingsapplytotheprimaryauthorf ieldofeachreferencetype.Therefore,AuthorListand
AuthorNamesa
pplytotheeditorsnameinanEditedBook.AndtheEditorListandE
ditorNamessettingsapplytotheSeries
EditorsnameinanEditedBookreferencetype.
Name Format - Short Form

Tospecifyhowtheeditorsnamesandtheabbreviatededitors'lista
retobeformattedinshortform,selectEditorListorEditor
NamefromundertheFootnoteheading.Inthosepanelsyouwillfindsomeofthes amesettingsthathavebeendescribedforformattingauthornames.
Usethemenustoselecthowyouwanttoformatthefollowinginfootnotes:
l Firstauthor
l Otherauthors
l Capitalization
l Initials
WhenyouarefinisheddefiningyourshortformEditorName/ EditorListsfootnotestyles:
2. Giveyourupdatedsettingsaname(forexample," MyChicago15thEditors"),andthenclickSave.
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
Bibliography Layout
UndertheBibliographyheadingthereisaLayoutoptionthatprovidesoptionsforinsertingtextbeforeandaftereachreferenceina
bibliography,a
swellasapplyinghangingindentstoyourreferences.
Adding Text Before Each Reference
Inthe"Starteachreferencewith"section,youcanspecifyw hatinformation,ifany,shouldappearbeforeeachreferenceinyour
bibliography.(Forinformationonhowtoaddaprefixbeforeacitation,s eeTemporaryCitations).
Acommonreferenceprefixisthebibliographynumber,whichisusedb
yallnumberedstyles tonumberthereferencesinabibliography.
Toaddabibliographynumberbeforeeachreference:
1. OpentheStyleManagerbyselectingOutputStylesf romtheEditmenu,andthenselectingOpenStyleManager.
2. Selectthestylethatyouwouldliketoedit,andt henclickEdit.
3. AftertheStylewindowopens,selectLayoutfromu
4. Clickinthetextboxbelowthe"Starteachreferencewith"section,andselectBibliographyNumberfromt heInsertField
list.
5. Typethenecessarypunctuationafterthebibliographyn
umber(suchasaperiodandaspace)orinsertatabfromtheInsert
Fieldlist.
Withastyleconfiguredinthisway,EndNotecreatesabibliographyw
ithnumberedreferences,suchas:
1.Argus,M.V.N
ewpaleontologicalexcavationtechniquesNature19,2
34-237(1993).
Note:Tocreatea
hangingindent,wherethesecondandsubsequentlinesofareferencea
reindented,seeHangingIndents
below.
Other Reference Prefix Fields
OthercommonlyusedreferenceprefixesappearintheInsertFieldlist.
Somebibliographicstyles useaLabelinthecitationandthebibliographyt orefertoeachentrywithashortmnemoniccode,often
theauthorsn
ameandthelasttwodigits oftheyear.Whenyouenterreferencesintoy ourlibrary,youcantypethemnemonic
codedirectlyintotheLabelfield.W henEndNotebuilds abibliography,itcanputthatcodebeforeeachreference.
SelectingCitationasareferenceprefixallowsyoutolabelthereferencesinthebibliographywiththein-textcitation.
Reference Typewillinsertthereferencetype(suchasJournalArticleorBook)beforeeachreference.
Record Numberwillinsertt herecordnumberbeforeeachreference.TherecordnumberisthenumberthatEndNoteassignsto
eachreferenceinthelibrary,anditisalsousedinthein-textcitations.AddRecordNumberasareferenceprefixinanystylein
ordertoprintallthereferencesinyourlibrarywitht heiruniqueEndNoterecordnumbers.
Adding Text After Each Reference
Usethe"Endeachreferencewith"sectionoftheLayoutpaneltospecifywhatinformation,ifany,shouldfolloweachreferencein
yourbibliography.(Forinformationonhowtoaddtextafteranin-textcitationinyourdocument,seeCitationS
uffixes).
ThiscommandcanbeusedtoaddthecontentoftheLabel,Keywords,A
bstract,orNotesfield,ortheRecordNumber.Anyother
textorpunctuationc analsobeenteredasareferencesuffix anditwillappearattheendo
feachreferenceintheformattedbibliography.TwocommonusesfortheR
eferenceSuffixcommandareshownbelow.
Example: Adding Notes to the Bibliography
Ifyouhavenotesthatyouwanttoprinttogetherwithyourreferences,y oushouldaddtheNotesfieldasareferencesuffixinthe
stylethaty ouareusingtoprintorformatthereferences.
1. OpentheStyleManagerbyselectingOutputStylesf romtheEditmenuandselectingOpenStyleManager.
2. Selectthestylethatyouwouldliketoedit,andc lickEdit.
3. AftertheStylewindowopens,selectLayoutfromu
4. Clickinthetextboxbelowthe"Endeachreferencewith"section,andselectNotesfromtheInsertFieldlist.Thiswill
appendtheNotesfieldtoeveryreferenceinthebibliographyw
henyouformatapaperwiththestyle.
Ifyouwantthenotestobeginonanewlineafterthereference,inserta
paragraphmarkfromtheInsertFieldlistbefore"Notes."If
youwantthenotestobeindented,likethestartofanewparagraph,insertaTabbeforetheword"Notes."
Adding or Removing Blank Lines Between References
AnothercommonusefortheLayoutoptionsistoaddablanklinebetweenreferences.Todothis,editthestyleasdescribed
above,andinserta
paragraphmark(usingtheInsertFieldlist)intothe"Endeachreferencewith"section.
Totightenupthebibliographyandgetridoftheblanklineaftereachreference,editthestyle,clickontheLayoutpanel,andselect
anddeletetheparagraphmark()togetridoftheblankline.
Hanging Indents
Manynumberedbibliographicstylesrequireahangingindent,asshowninthisexample:
1. Postma,
2. Nyamweru,
EndNoteprovidesafewhangingindentoptions.Normally,eachreferenceisoneparagraph,sosomeoftheseoptionswouldnot
apply.Butifyouh
aveareferencethatincludesmorethanoneparagraph,EndNotegivesy ouoptionsforwhichparagraphwithina
referencethehangingindentss houldapply.Examplesofmulti-paragraphreferencesincludeannotatedb
ibliographieswherethe
abstractsfolloweachreference,orastylesucha
sthosecommoninanthropologyjournalswheretheauthorsareonalineo
ftheir
own
Hangingindentoptionsinclude:None,AllParagraphs,FirstParagraphOnly,SecondParagraphOnly,andAllParagraphsbutthe
First.ThefollowingisanexampleofwhenyouwoulduseSecondParagraphOnly.Thestylerequiresthatauthorsbeginontheleft
margin,andthentheyear(andtheresto
fthereference)startsonanewlineandisindented.Thestyleappliesa
hangingindentto
thesecondparagraphonly,andinsertsatabbeforea
ndaftertheyear.Inthewordprocessingdocument,thespacingforthehangingindentshouldbealignedwiththesecondtabstop.
Curtis,
Thespacingusedfortabsandindentsisdeterminedbytherulersettingsinyourwordprocessor.
Note:Ifyouarec reatinganumberedbibliography,asshowninthepreviousexample,inserta
tabafterthebibliographynumber
tohavethereferenceslineupcorrectly.
Tabs
TabsmaybeinsertedfromtheInsertFieldlist.Atabenteredintoa
stylewillappearasatabintheformattedbibliography.Thetab
appearsa
sanarrowonthescreen.Thewidthofthetabasitappearsinthebibliographyisdeterminedbythetabsettingsinyour
wordprocessor.
TabsareoftenenteredafterthebibliographynumberaspartoftheL
ayoutsettings.Thishelpstoalignthestartofeachreference
afterthenumber,whichisespeciallyimportantifthebibliographyentriesu
seahangingindent.
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
Sort Order: Bibliographies and Multiple Citations

Eachstylehasinstructionsforsortingreferences inthebibliography,a
ndhowtosortformattedmultiplecitationsinthetextof
yourpaper.S
electSortOrderfromundereithertheCitationsorBibliographiesheadings.
Multiple Citation Sort

TheSortpanelundertheCitationheadingallowsyoutosettheordert hatthestyleusestosortmultiplein-textcitations.Forexample,anu
nformattedmultiplecitationlookslikethis:
{Lee,1990#5;Jacob,1994#22;Zoler,1
983#19}
FormattedwiththeAuthor-Datestyle,thecitationsaresortedchronologicallya
ndtheformattedcitationlookslikethis:
(Zoler1983;Lee1990;J acob1994)
Optionsforsortingmultiplecitationsinclude:
l Same as Bibliography
SortsmultiplecitationsinthesameorderastheBibliographyS
ortOrder.
l Author + Title
Sortsmultiplecitationsfirstbyauthorsandthenbytitle.
l Author + Year + Title
Sortsmultiplecitationsfirstbyauthors,thenbyyear,andthenbyt itle.
l Year + Author
Sortsmultiplecitationschronologically.Thencitationsfromthesamey eararesortedbasedonauthornames.
l Dont Sort
Multiplecitationsremaininthesameorderastheyappearintheunformattedtemporarycitations.
l Other
Acustomsortorderisappliedtomultiplecitations.SeeCustomS
orting.
Bibliography Sort Order

TheBibliographySortOrdersectiondetermineshowthebibliographys houldbesorted.Commonoptionsarelisted,andyoumay
alsoconfigureacustomsortorder.
l Order of Appearance
Referencesarelistedintheorderinwhichtheyarecitedinthepaper.
l Author + Title
ReferencesaresortedbytheAuthorfield.Referenceswithidenticalauthorsaresortedbytitle.
l Author + Year + Title
ReferencesaresortedbytheAuthorfield,thenreferenceswithidenticalauthorsaresortedbyyear.Referenceswithidentical
authorsandy earsarethensortedbytitle.
l First Author + Year + Other Authors
Referencesaresortedbyjustthefirstauthor,thenreferenceswithidenticalprimaryauthorsaresortedbyyear.References
withidenticalprimaryauthorsandyearsarethensortedbasedontheotherauthorsinthereference.
l First Author + # of Authors + Year
Referencesaresortedbyjustthefirstauthor,thenbythenumbero
fauthorsinthereference.Forreferenceswiththesameprimaryauthorandthesamenumberofauthors,theyarethensortedchronologicallyb
asedontheYearfield.
l Other
Acustomsortorderisappliedtothereferencesinthebibliography.S
eeCustomSorting.
l Sort Edited Works After Original Works By Same Author:
Somestylesrequestthatifthesamepersonistheauthorforabookandtheeditorforaneditedbook,theoriginalworksby
thatauthora
resortedfirst,andthentheeditedworksfollow.Thisisanexceptiont othesortingrulesthatcanbeappliedtothe
othersortoptionsp
rovided.
Note:Whensortingb
yAuthorfield,EndNotesortsbasedonallinformationintheAuthorfield,includingallauthornames(not
justthefirstauthor)andinitials.T
oseeaboutomittingpartsofauthornamesortheinitialwordsofatitlewhensorting,seeSortingPreferences .
Custom Sorting
Tosortreferencesormultiplecitationsdifferentlyfromtheoptionsinthe"CitationSortOrder"or"BibliographySortOrder"s ections,selecttheoptionforOther,andthenselectfromthelistsa
nycombinationofuptofivefieldsinascendingordescending
order.
ThiswindowisidenticaltotheonethatappearswhenyouselectSortR eferencesfromtheReferencesmenu.Youdonotneedto
useallfiveoptions.T
hebuttonattherightofeachboxcontrolsthedirectionofthesort,e
itherascendingordescendingorder.
Clickingtheseboxestogglesthes ortorderbetweenascendinganddescendingorder.
Onceyouhavesetupyoursortingstrategy,clickOKtoreturntothemainSortOrderpanelforthestyle.TheOtherbuttonwillnow
displayy ourcustomsortinginstructions.
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
Title Capitalization
BoththeFootnotesandBibliographysectionshaveaTitleCapitalizationp
anel.Thisletsyouenteronestyleofcapitalizationfor
thetitles inyourbibliographicreferences,andanotherformatforwhenthereferencesa
ppearinfootnotes.
Optionsfortitlecapitalizationinclude:
Leave titles As entered: Nochangesaremade.
Headline style capitalization:T
hefirstletterofeverysignificantwordiscapitalized.Articlesandp
repositionsarenotcapitalized.
Sentence style capitalization:O
nlythefirst letterofeverytitleiscapitalized.
Note:SeeChangeC
asePreferencestoenterwordsoracronymsthatshouldnotbeadjustedw
henEndNotechangesthecapitalizationoftitles.
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
Repeated Citations (in Footnotes)

Mostofthecomplexformattinginfootnotesisrelevantonlytostyles inthehumanities.Thereareawidevarietyofformats
requiredforcitingreferencesinthefootnotesofapaper.Theseoptionsareprovidedint heRepeatedCitationspanelunderthe
Footnoteheading.
Somestylestaketheshorteningofreferences infootnotesevenfartherw
hentherepeatedreferencesappearinconsecutivefootnotes(orinthes amefootnote).EndNoteprovidesadditionaloptionsforthespecialhandlingo
fthesecases.
If the Same Reference Repeats in Consecutive Citations
Whenthesamereferencerepeatsinconsecutivefootnotes,y ouhavetheoptionofreplacingtherepeateddatawithtextofyour
choice.T
hisisnormally"Ibid(oravariationo
ftheterm).SelecttheOmitrepeateddataoptionifyouw ishtoreplacerepeateddata.
Youm
ayalsoselectanoptionfromtheInsertFieldlist.Forexample,theC itedPagesoptionliststhepagenumberswhenthe
samereferencerepeatsinconsecutivefootnotes.Inthisinstance,youwouldhavetogototheEditManageCitationsdialogand
enterthepagesnumbersifyouw antthemforaspecificcitation.
Ifyoureplacethedefaultv aluewiththeAuthorfieldoptionfromtheInsertFieldslist,EndNotew
ill onlydisplaytheauthornamein
theformattedreferencew
henitisprecededbyagroupofreferencesandtheterm"Ibid"w
ouldbeambiguous.Otherwise,EndNotewilldisplaythedefaultv alue(forexample,"Ibid")oranothertermofyourchoice.F
orexample:
GloverM.Allen,B
ats: Biology, Behavior, and Folklore (Mineola,N.Y..:DoverPublications,2004),100;ibid.,200
MichaelV.Argus,"NewPaleontologicalExcavationTechniques,"Journal of Paleontology19,(1993)
GloverM.Allen,ibid.,300
TheOmitRepeatedDataoptionallows youtosimply omittherepeateddataandreplaceitwithnothing.
YoumayalsoapplyNoSpecialHandlingandwhenreferencesrepeatinconsecutivefootnotes,theywillbehandledjustlikeother
repeatedreferencesinfootnotes.
If the Same Source Repeats in Consecutive Citations
Thissettingdoesnotapplytotheidenticalreferencet hatrepeatsinconsecutivefootnotes,butratherifanyofthesourced
ata
repeatsintwoconsecutivecitationsinmultiplecitationformat.F
orexample,iftwodifferentreferenceshappentobefromthe
samejournal,thesesettingswouldapplytothejournalname,volume,andissue(orw
hateverportionofthatsourceinformationis
identical).Youmaychoosethe"Nospecialhandling"optionforthesecasessothatthesereferencesarenotabbreviated.Or,you
maychoosetoreplacetherepeatedd
atawith"Ibid"(orthetextofyourchoice).Ifyouchoosethisoption,youmaylimitthe
replacementtoonlytheSecondaryTitlefield(thisincludesthejournal,magazine,ornewspapername,orthet itleofabookfora
booksection).
BelowisanexampleofhowEndNoteformatssourcedatawhenitrepeatsinconsecutivecitations.
1.MorrisBirkbeck,"TheIllinoisPrariesandSettlers,"inPraireState:ImpressionsofIllinois,1673--1967,byTravelersandOtherObservers,ed.PaulM.Angle(Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress,1968),62."TheSoilofthe
Big-Prairie,whichisofnogreatextentnotwithstandingitsname,isarichcoolsand;thatistosay,oneofthemost
desirabledescription"(ibid.,63).
Note:Werealizethatmanyofthesedetailedsettingsforthestylecanbeconfusing.Weh
avedoneourbesttoconfigurethe
stylesforyousothatyouwillnotneedtoeditthemandworkthroughthesedetailsonyourown.However,ifyoufindthatyou
needtomodifythesepartsofyourstyles,pleasec onsultyourstyleguideformoredetaileddescriptionsandexamplesofh
andlingrepeatedcitationsinfootnotes.
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
APA 6th Settings

TheAPA6thsettingsallowsyoutodisplaythefirstsixauthors(ore
ditors)followedbythetextpresetto(,...)followedbythe
lastauthor(oreditor).
1. FromtheEditmenu,s electOutputStyles,OpenStyleManager.
2. FromtheStyleManagerwindow,selectAPA6thfromthelistofnames,andthenc licktheEditbutton.
3. FromtheStylew indow,selectAuthorLists(orselectEditorListsifyouwishtoe
ditsettingsforeditors)undertheBibliography.
4. Selecttheradiobuttonthatreads"Ifeightormoreauthors,listthefirst6authors,insert,...andaddthelastauthor's
name."
6. Giveyourupdatedsettingsaname(forexample," MYAPA6thSettings"),andthenclickSave.
Note:Thedefaultv alueis",..."Youcan,however,changethisvalue-forexample,y oucansetthisvalueto"etal."orwhatever
styleyouchoose.
Note:Whenthiss ettingisselected,itoverrideswhateversettingsareintheAuthorS
eparatorsandEditorSeparatorssettingsat
thetopofthepanels.
Thefollowingexampleshowshowyourreferenceswillnowd
isplaywiththeselectedAPA6thsetting.
Gilbert,D.G.,McClernon,F.J .,Rabinovich,N.E.,Sugai,C.,Plath,L.C.,Asgaard,G.,...Botros,N
.(2004).Effectsof
quittingsmokingonEEGa
ctivationandattentionlastformorethan31daysandaremoreseverew
ithstress,dependence,
DRD2A1allele,anddepressivetraits.Nicotinea
ndTobaccoResearch,6(2),249-267.doi:
10.1080.1462220041000176305
Related Topics:
AdditionalS
AuthorN
CitationA
uthorLists
Figure and Table Placement and Captions

Figure and Table Placement and Captions
TheFiguresandTablessettingsapplytoimagesinsertedintoaWordd
ocumentfromEndNote.Youcanplaceimageswherethey
arecitedinad
ocumentorattheendofthedocument,andyouhavecontrolovertheplacementandpunctuationoflabels andcaptions.
Whilestyleguidelinestendtobeveryspecificinregardtoformattedc itationsandbibliographies,theyareoftenvagueaboutfigure
andtableplacement.Theymayrequiredifferentplacementfordifferentdocumenttypes(theses,termpapers,journalarticles,and
soon),ortheymayn
otofferinstructionsatall.
EndNotesdefaultfigureandtableplacementsettingsarethesamefora
lloutputstyles.Pleasecheckyourownstyledocumentation(orcheckw ithyoureditororteacher)forspecificguidelinesaboutimageplacementforthetypeofdocumentyouare
creating.
Note:AdditionalF
iguresandTablessettingsareavailableunderCiteWhileYouWritePreferences,a
ndcanoverrideoutput
stylesettings.SeeFiguresa
ndTablesinWord.
Related Topics:
FiguresandT
ables
Separationa
ndPunctuation(FiguresandTables)
TheStyleManager
Figures and Tables

UndertheFiguresandTablesheadingintheleftcolumnoftheoutputs tyleeditor,selecteitherFiguresorTables.Tablesare
imagesinsertedfromtheFigurefieldinthe"ChartorTable"referencetype.FiguresareimagesinsertedfromtheFigurefieldof
anyotherEndNotereferencetype.Thes ameoptionsareavailableundereach,whichallowsyoutoplacefiguresd
ifferentlythan
tables.
Placement
UnderPlacement,selectabuttontoeitherplacetheimageswithinthetextofthedocument,nearthereferencetothefigure,orto
placeimagesinalistattheendofthedocument.
Ifyourimagesareplacedin-text,youcanuseCiteWhileYouWritep
referencestooverridethisautomaticplacementwhenyour
documentisreformatted.Thisishelpfulifyouhavemovedyourimages aroundinthedocumentandwanttoretaintheirplacement.SeeFiguresa
ndTablesinWord.
Caption
Next,underCaption,selectabuttontoplacethelabelandcaptione
itheraboveorbelowtheimage.Youcanalsoselectthecheck
boxtop
lacethelabelandcaptiononseparatelines.
Note:ThelabelinsertedbyEndNoteis"Figure#"forimages foundintheFigurea
ndEquationreferencetypesaswellasfor
mostotherreferencetypes.T
helabelis"Table#"forimagesfoundinthe"ChartorTable"referencetype.TheCaptionisthetext
typedintotheCaptionfieldofareference.
Related Topics:
Figurea
ndTablePlacementandCaptions
Separationa
ndPunctuation(FiguresandTables)
TheStyleManager
Separation and Punctuation (Figures and Tables)

UnderImageSeparation,youcanenterseparatorsforimagesinsertedw
ithinthetextofadocumentandforimagesthatarelisted
attheendofadocument.
Note:Thesettingso
nthispanelaffectbothfiguresandtables.
Image Separation
Whenimagesareinsertedin-text,youcanspecifythenumberoflinest oinsertbeforeandaftertheimagetoseparateitfromtext.
Thissettinga
ffectsbothfiguresandtablesthatareplacedin-text.Ifyourimagesareplacedinalistattheendofthedocument,
thissettingisignored.
Whenimagesareplacedinalistattheendofthedocument,youcans eparateeachfigureortablewithapagebreakoraspecified
numbero
fblank linesbeforeandaftereachimage.Ifyourimages areplacedin-text,thissettingisignored.
Caption Punctuation
ForeachfigureortableinsertedintoWordfromanEndNotereference,E
ndNotegeneratesalabelandtheninsertsthecaption
fromtheCaptionfieldoftheEndNotereference.Forexample:
Table1.BirdEvolution
Youcanselectthecheckboxestoinsertaperiodafterthelabeland/ora
fterthecaption.Thisaffectsthelabels andcaptionsfor
bothfiguresa
ndtables.
EndNotewillattempttoremovedoublepunctuationincaseyouinadvertentlyincludeaperiodwithintherecordaswellasselectingonehere.
Related Topics:
Figurea
ndTablePlacementandCaptions
FiguresandT
ables
TheStyleManager
Creating a New Style

Creating a New Style
Itisofteneasiertomodifyanexistingbibliographicstylethatcloselyresemblesastylethatyouneedthanitistocreateanew
stylefroms cratch.(SeeModifyingStyleT
emplates.)Ifyoudowishtocreateanewstyle,Example:C reatinganAuthorDate
Stylegivesyouageneraloverviewofthep
rocess.
Creatingabibliographicstyleinvolvesbuildingtemplatesforthein-textc itationsandthebibliographicreferencestomimichow
youwantthemtoappearinyourpaper.Thenadjustthevariousoptionstobesurethata
uthors,titles,pages,andotherfieldsare
beingformattedaccordingtoyourrequirements.Example:C
reatinganAuthorDateStyleguidesyouthroughthecreationofafictitiousauthor-datetypeofstyle.
Example: Creating an Author Date Style

Creating the Templates
AnewstyleneedonlycontainaCitationtemplateandaGenericBibliographytemplateforittoproducecitationsandbibliographiesforanypaper.T
heCitationtemplateappliestoallin-textcitations,andtheGenericb
ibliographytemplateappliestoall
referencetypesthatdonothavetemplatesoftheirowninthestyle.TheGenerictemplateshouldbeconsidereda
defaulttemplate,andyoushouldaddadditionaltemplatesforthestandardreferencetypeswhichyouuse.Ifyoudefineaspecifictemplate
foranyreferencetypes,theyareformattedaccordingtothattemplate,andnott heGenericformat.
Tocreatestyletemplates:
1. Tocreateabibliographicstyle,gototheEditmenutoselectOutputStyle,andthenselectNewStyle,andanewUntitled
Stylewindowappears.
2. ClicktheTemplatespanelundertheCitationsheadingtospecifytheformato
fthein-textcitations.
Ourstyleusestheauthornameandtheyearinthecitation.Theyares urroundedbyparenthesesandseparatedbyacomma.
3. Witht hecursorintheCitationTemplate,typeanopenparenthesis,clicktheInsertFieldbuttonandselectAuthorfromthelist
ofavailablefields,typeacomma,selectYearfromtheInsertFieldlistandthentypetheclosingparenthesis.
Next,definetheGenericformatwhichserves asthedefaulttemplatef orreferencetypesthatdonothavetheirowntemplate.
Weknowthatb
ooksshouldbeformattedlikethis,sowecansetuptheGenerictemplatetoaccommodatethatformat:
Jones,VR,
4. ClicktheTemplatesoptionundertheBibliographyheading,thenclickinthe"Generic"sectionofthatTemplatespanel.
5. SelectA
uthorfromtheInsertFieldlisttoaddtheAuthorfieldtothestyletemplate.(Youcanalsotype"Author"butitissaferto
s electthefieldnamefromthelist.)Typeaperiodandaspace.Andc ontinueinsertingfields andpunctuationuntilyouhave
createdat emplatethatmimicstheformatofthereference(where"indicatesaspace):
Author.(Year).Title.PlacePublished,Publisher.
6. Inthiss tyle,thetitlemustbeitalicized,sodouble-clickthewordTitletoselectit,thenfromtheEditmenu,selectStyleand
Italic.
7. Savet henewstylebyselectingSavefromtheFilemenu.Inthedialogthatappears,type"PracticeStyle"asthenameofthis
styleandclickSave.ThiswillsavethestyleandadditasanoptionintheOutputStylessubmenuoftheEditmenu.
Test the Style
OpenyourlibraryandselectShowPreviewfromthebottomoftheLibraryw
indow.Selectdifferentreferencesinyourlibraryto
seehowtheyformat.Youwillprobablyseethatthebookslookgood,butjournalarticlesdon
otdisplayenoughinformation.You
willneedtoreturntothestyleandc reateatemplatetoformatjournalarticles.Todoso:
Create a New Template for Journals
IntheTemplatespanelundertheBibliographyheading,selectJournalArticlefromtheReferenceTypelist.Thiswillcreateanew
sectionfora
JournalArticletemplate.Insertthefieldsandpunctuationtocreatea
templateasshownbelow:
Author(Year).
SavethestylebyselectingSavefromtheFilemenu.ReturntotheLibraryw indow,andcheckthepreviewtoseehowjournal
articlereferencesareformatted.
Finishing the Style

Continuetestinghowotherreferencetypesformat,andincludeadditionalreferencetypetemplatesasnecessary.SeeModifying
StyleTemplatesforspecificsaboutcreatingandmodifyingstyletemplates.
Lookathowtheauthornamesareformatted,andchangethenecessarys ettings.Youshouldalsotakeacloselookatpages,title
capitalization,thesortorderofthereferences,andvariousotheroptionsprovidedintheStylewindow.Thesearedescribedin
AdditionalS
tyleFormattingOptions.
Filters
Introduction to Filters
Introduction to Filters
TheImportcommandonEndNotesFilemenuprovidesawaytoimporttextfilesofreferencedataintoEndNotelibraries.EndNotehasanumberofbuilt-inimportoptionsaswellasalargecollectionofconfigurableimport"filters."Filtersaredesignedto
importreferencesd
ownloadedfromspecificonlineorCD-ROMbibliographicdatabases.
Youcaneditandcreateimportfilters.TheprocessofimportingreferencesusingtheImportcommandisdescribedinGeneral
ImportingInstructions.
EndNoteprovideshundredsofimportfiltersforavarietyofsources.Bydefault,onlythemostpopularfiltersarestoredasindividualfilesintheFiltersfolderinyourEndNoteprogramfolder.Toinstalladditionalfilters,seeInstallingAdditionalFilters.
What is a Filter?
Theimportfiltersprovideawiderangeofimportoptions.AfilterisselectedduringtheimportprocesstoshowEndNoteexactly
howtointerprettheinformationinyourdata file(therecordsdownloadedorsavedfromanonlineorCD-ROMdatabase).Afilter
doesthisbymappingtheinformationineachdownloadedreferencetothecorrespondingfieldsinEndNote.
Becauseeachdatabaseofferedbythevariousinformationprovidershasitsownwaytoorganizereferencedata,thereneedsto
beadifferentf ilterforeachdatabase.EachfilterprovidedwithEndNotehasbeenconfiguredt oimportdatafilesfromaspecific
databaseofferedbyasingleinformationprovider.Youcaneasily modifyanyofthesuppliedfiltersorcreatea
newfiltertoimport
fromotherdatabases.
A Comment About Difficult Data Files
AlthoughE
ndNotesfiltersareverypowerfulandflexibleimporttools,
therearestillsomedatafilesthatcannotbeconquered.W
hereassome
databasesprovideverycleantaggeddata,othersa
realmostimpossible
todiscern.Lackofconsistency inthes ourcedataandtheomissionof
referencetypetagsoftenm
akeitdifficultforapersontounderstandthe
information;thetaskofcreatingaperfectfiltertohandlethesefilesis
futile.Whenfinetuningourfilters,wehavedoneourb
esttoalwayscapturethenecessarydataevenifthatmeansd
roppingitallintothe
Notesfield.Ifyoufindfiltersthatcanbefurtherimproved,pleaseletus
know.Itmayalsoh
elptocontactyourinformationprovidertoletthem
knowt hattheinconsistenciesinthedataentryforthedatabaseare
keepingyoufrommostefficientlymakinguseofit.
Related Topics:
CopyingFilters
Creatinga
NewFilter
DeletingFilters
SavingFilters
TheB
asicComponentsofaFilter
TheFilterM
anager
TheFilterO
ptions
Workingw
ithFilterTemplates
What is a Filter?
Theimportfiltersprovideawiderangeofimportoptions.AfilterisselectedduringtheimportprocesstoshowEndNoteexactly
howtointerprettheinformationinyourdatafile(therecordsdownloadedorsavedfroma
nonlineorCD-ROMdatabase).Afilter
doesthisbymappingtheinformationineachdownloadedreferencetothecorrespondingfieldsinEndNote.
Becauseeachdatabaseofferedbythevariousinformationprovidershasitsownwaytoorganizereferencedata,thereneedsto
beadifferentf ilterforeachdatabase.EachfilterprovidedwithEndNotehasbeenconfiguredt oimportdatafilesfromaspecific
databaseofferedbyasingleinformationprovider.Youcaneasily modifyanyofthesuppliedfiltersorcreatea
newfiltertoimport
fromotherdatabases.
A Comment About Difficult Data Files
AlthoughE
ndNotesfiltersareverypowerfulandflexibleimporttools,
therearestillsomedatafilesthatcannotbeconquered.W
hereassome
databasesprovideverycleantaggeddata,othersa
realmostimpossible
todiscern.Lackofconsistencyinthes ourcedataandtheomissionof
referencetypetagsoftenm
akeitdifficultforapersontounderstandthe
information;thetaskofcreatingaperfectfiltertohandlethesefilesis
futile.Whenfinetuningourfilters,wehavedoneourb
esttoalwayscapturethenecessarydataevenifthatmeansd
roppingitallintothe
Notesfield.Ifyoufindfiltersthatcanbefurtherimproved,pleaseletus
know.Itmayalsoh
elptocontactyourinformationprovidertoletthem
knowt hattheinconsistenciesinthedataentryforthedatabaseare
keepingyoufrommostefficientlymakinguseofit.
The Filter Manager

EndNoteprovideshundredsofimportfiltersforavarietyofsources.Bydefault,onlythemostpopularfiltersarestoredasindividualfilesintheFiltersfolderinyourEndNoteprogramfolder.Toinstalladditionalfilters,seeInstallingAdditionalFilters.
TheFilterManagerliststhenameso
ftheoriginalfilterfilesavailableintheProgramF
iles\EndNote\Filters folderaswellasany
newormodifiedfiltersinyourpersonalFiltersfolder,andgivesyoutheoptiontoeditthemorselectthemas"favorites"forquick
accesswhenyouusetheImportcommand.Youcanclickanddragthecornerofthedialogtoincreasethesize.
Usethesefeaturestolocatetheimportfilteryouwanttouse:
l Ifyouknowthenameofthefilterthatyouw
anttouse,youmaystarttypingitandthefirstfilternamethatm
atcheswhat
youtypewillbeselected.
l ClicktheFindBybuttona
ndselectaninformationprovidersname(suchasOvid)tofindonlyt heimportfiltersforaspecificinformationprovider.
l ClicktheFindB
ybuttona
ndselectAllFilterstoreturnalloftheimportfilterstothed
isplayedlist.
l Clickacolumnheadingtosorttheimportfiltersbynameorbyinformationprovider.Clickingthesamecolumnheadinga
secondtimewillchangethesortorderfromascendingtodescending.C
lickagaintosetitbacktoascendingorder.
l ClicktheMoreInfobuttonatthebottomofthedialogtodisplayadditionalinformationabouttheselectedfilter.
Marking Your Favorite Import Filters

Whenyouhavefoundafilterthatyouwillwanttouseinthefuture,c lickthecheckboxtothelefto
fittomarkitasafavorite.All
filtersthataremarkedasfavoritesappearintheImportOptionslistintheImportdialog.YoucangettotheImportdialogby
selectingI mportfromtheFilemenu.Thisgivesyoueasyaccesstothosefilesyouu
semostoften.
Tomarkallofthefiltersforaspecificinformationprovider,clickt heFindByb
uttonand,fromthatlist,selectthenameoftheinformationp
rovider.Now,withjustthatsubsetoffilterslistedintheFilterManagerw
indow,clickMarkAll.TheUnmarkAllbutton
maybeusedtounmark allofthefiltersthatareshowinginthelist.
Editing Import Filters
Ifyouwouldliketomodifyafilter,selectitinthelistandclickEdit.Thesetopicscanhelpguideyou:
l
l
l
l
l
TheBasicComponentsofaFilter
TheFilterEditorWindow
WorkingwithFilterTemplates
TheFilterOptions
ModifyinganExistingFilter:A
nExample
Copying Filters
WhenyoudisplayalistoffiltersinEndNote,thelistiscomprisedo
ftheinstalledfiltersfoundintheProgramFiles\EndNote\FiltersfolderaswellasnewormodifiedfiltersfoundinyourpersonalFiltersfolder.Foranexplanationofwhereyourfiles
arestored,seeFolderLocationsP
references.
Therearetwowaystocopyfilters.Sinceeachfilterisaseparatefileonyourharddrive,youcancopythemasyouwouldcopy
anyfileo
nyourharddriveusingWindowsExplorer.
TomakeacopyofafilterfromwithinEndNote:
1. FromtheEditmenu,selectImportFiltersandselectO
penFilterManager.
2. SelectthefilteryouwanttocopyandclickEdit.
3. Withoutmakinganychangestothefilter,selectS
avefromtheFilemenu.
4. Givethiscopyofthefilteranewname, andthens aveit.
ThefileissavedinyourpersonalFiltersfolder.Thenewfilterwillremainopen.Theoriginalfilterwillbeleftuntouched.
Saving Filters
Tosaveanewfilterthatyouhavejustcreated,ortosavechangestoafilteryouhavejustmodified,selectSaveorSaveAsfrom
theFilem
enu.
IfyouhavemodifiedoneoftheoriginalinstalledfilesintheProgramF
iles\EndNote\Filtersfolder,youmustuseSaveAstosavea
copytoy ourpersonalFiltersfolder.IfyouhavemodifiedastylethatisalreadylocatedinyourpersonalFiltersfolder,youcan
selecteitherSavetod
irectlymodifythefile,orSaveAstomakeacopywiththechanges.F
oradescriptionofwhereyourstyles
arestored,seeFolderL
ocations.
EndNoteautomaticallysavesnewfilterstoyourpersonalFiltersfolder.Y
oumayalsospecifyadifferentfolderifnecessary.For
instructionss eeFolderLocations.
EndNotefiltersusethefilenameextensionof".ENF"(forEndNoteFilter),asin"Medline.enf.
Deleting Filters
TodeleteafilterfromwithinEndNote:
1. FromtheEditmenu,selectImportFilters>O
penFilterManager.
2. Selectthefiltertobedeleted.
3. SelectClearfromtheEditmenu,orright-clicko
nthefilterandselectDeletefromtheshortcutmenu,orpresstheD
elete
key.
YoucanalsodeleteanunwantedfilterbyswitchingbacktotheW
indowsdesktop,andopeningtheappropriateFiltersfolder(see
FolderLocationsPreferences).Then,selectthefiletodeleteandselectDeletefromtheFilemenuordragthefiletotheRecycle
Bin.
Note:Y
oumusthaveread/writeaccesstotheFiltersfolderinordertodeletea
filter.Ifyoudonothaveadministratoraccess,
youlikely willnotb
eabletodeleteafilelocatedwithintheProgramFilesfolder.
Basic Components of a Filter

The Basic Components of a Filter
Youneedtoknowthebasiccomponentsofafilterifyouwanttocustomizeorcreateafilter.
l Tocreateanewimportfilter:FromtheEditmenu,selectImportFiltersandselectN
ewFilter.Ifyouareinterestedincreatinganewfilter,alsoreadC
reatingaNewFilter.
l Toeditafilter:F
romtheEditmenu,selectImportFilters,andthenselectOpenFilterM
anager.Selectthefiltertoeditand
clickEdit.Themostrecentlyu
sedfiltercanalsobeeasily editedbyselectingImportFiltersfromtheEditmenu,andselectingEdit<filter>.
Thesetopicsexplainthebasiccomponentsofafilter:
l TheFilterEditorWindow
l AboutThisFilterPanel
l WorkingwithFilterTemplates
l TheFilterOptions
Related Topics:
Creatinga
FilterforMARCRecords
Creatinga
NewFilter
Example:M
odifyinganExistingFilter
TheFilterM
anager
The Filter Editor Window

Afterchoosingtheoptiontoeditanexistingfilterorcreateanewo
ne,EndNoteopenstheFilterwindow.
AllofthedifferentoptionsforeditingafilterarelistedontheleftsideoftheFilterwindow.Clickonanitemtoviewtheassociated
settings.Youmayswitchbetweenpanelsasneededwhileeditingthefile.N
ochangesaresavedinanyofthepanels untilyou
selectSaveorSaveA
sfromtheFilemenu.
Ifatanytimeyouneedtorevertyourchangesbacktothelastsavedc opyofthefilter,selectRevertFilterfromtheFilemenu.
TocloseaFilterwindow,clickthebuttonintheupperrightc ornerofthewindow,orselectCloseFilterfromtheFilemenu.Ifyou
havenotsavedyourchangestothefilter,EndNotepromptsyouandgivesy outheoptiontosaveordiscardanychangesthatyou
havemade.
Related Topics:
AboutthisFilterPanel
Creatinga
NewFilter
SavingFilters
TheB
TheFilterM
anager
TheFilterO
ptions
Tipsf orEnteringTagsandFields
UniqueA
spectsofMARCRecords
Workingw
ithFilterTemplates
About this Filter Panel

TheFilterwindowopenstodisplaytheAboutthisFilterpanel.Thisp
anelcontainsdescriptiveinformationaboutthefilter.Noneof
theinformationu
sedinthispanelhasanyimpactonestablishingtheconnection.
Name:Displaysthenameo
fthefilterasitappearsintheFiltersfolderintheEndNotefolder.T
hefilenameextension(.ENF)is
notdisplayed.Thenameofthef iltercannotbechangedhere;youwouldneedtoclosethiswindowands witchbacktotheWindowsdesktoptorenamethefilter.
Based On:Enteranyinformationa
boutwhatdocumentationwasusedtocreatethefilter.Commonlytheserverd
ocumentationis
availableontheWeb,soyoucouldenteraURLhereasw
elltomakeiteasytolaterretrievethatinformation.
Category:Thecategoryistypicallyt heinformationprovider(suchasOvid),butyoumayenteranythingthatwillhelpyoucategorizeandorganizeyourfilters.ThecategoryinformationisalsolistedintheFilterManagerwindowinthecolumnnexttothe
nameofthefilter.Inthatwindow,youmaysortfiltersbycategoryandalsosearchforthembycategory.
Created:Thedatethefilterwasinstalledo
rcreated.
Last Modified:Thedatethefilterw
aslastmodified.
Comments and Limitations:Enteranyhelpfulinformationsuchashowtodownloadthereferencesintheformatthatworkswith
thisfilter.
AlloftheinformationinthispanelisvisibleintheFilterManagerifyouclicktheMoreInfooptionatthebottomoftheFilterManagerw indow.Thisishelpfulbecauseyoudonotneedtoeditafiltertoviewthecommentsorotherdescriptiveinformation.You
maysimply scrollthrought heavailablefiltersintheFilterManagerwindowandviewtheinformationthere.
Working with Filter Templates

Working with Filter Templates (Import Filters and Connection Files)
ThemostimportantpartofafilterorconnectionfileistheTemplatess ection.Thetemplatesdefinehowthevariouslinesof
taggeddatainy ourdatafileshouldbeimportedandfilteredintothedifferentEndNotefields (suchasAuthor,Year,andTitle).Differentsetsoftemplatesa
rerequiredforthedifferentreferencetypesthatmaybeinyourdatafile.
TheTemplatespanelconsistsofindividualReferenceTypetemplatesw
hichcorrespondtothewaythereferencedataispresentedinthedatafile.Thesetopicswillhelpyou:
l NavigatingintheTemplatesPanel
l TemplatesforDifferentReferenceT
ypes
l AddingandDeletingRowsintheFilterTemplate
l Cutting,CopyingandPastingRows
l LiteralTextvs.E
ndNoteFields
l The{IGNORE}F
ield
l TheSourceLine
l TheReferenceTypeTag
l FieldswithSpecialCharacteristics
l WhenPunctuationRepeatsWithina
Field
Navigating in the Templates Panel (Import Filters and Connection Files)

TheTemplatespanelinafilterisdividedintoaTagcolumnandaField(s)column.Thetaganditscorrespondingfield(s)aretwo
separatecellsinarow.Ifacellisactive,anoutlineappearsaroundthecell.
Tag
TI:
Field(s)
Title
Tomovefromonecelltothenext,presstheTabk eyorclickthemouseinthedesiredcell.Tomovebacktothepreviousc ell,hold

downtheShiftkeywhilepressingtheTabkey.
TochangethewidthoftheTagcolumnintheFilterwindow,positionthecursorovertheverticallinedividingtheTagandField(s)
columns.Thecursorchangestoindicatethatyouareinthecorrectplace.C lickanddragtotherightorlefttoresizethecolumn
widths.
ClicktheReferenceTypeslisttochangetheviewtoadifferentreferencet ype(suchasfromJournalArticletoBook).
Related Topics:
Addinga
ndDeletingRowsintheFilterTemplate
Cutting,C
opyingandPastingRows
TheB
TheFilterM
anager
Workingw
ithFilterTemplates
Templates for Different Reference Types (Import Filters and Connection Files)
TheTemplatespanelincludestemplatesforallofthevariousreferencetypes(JournalArticleandBook).
ClicktheReferenceTypeslisttochangetheviewtoadifferentreferencet ype(suchasfromJournalArticletoBook).
Thereferencetypesthathaveacheckmarkdisplayednexttothemalreadyh
aveatemplatedefined(youcaneditthetemplateif
youwish).Thereferencetypethatappearsinboldtypeiscurrentlythedefaultreferencetype.
Theonlyreferencetypestemplatesthatneedtobefilledinaretheo
nesthatcorrespondtothereferencetypesinyourdatafile.
Forexample,ifthedatabasefromwhichyouaredownloadingcontainsonlyjournalarticles,y ouwouldonlyneedtofillinthetemplatesfortheJournalArticlesectioninthatparticularfilter.
Withineachreferencetypetemplatethereisalistoftagsandtheirc orrespondingEndNotefieldnames.Thesetemplatesshould
exactlymatchthewaytheinformationisorganizedinthedatafile.Anytextorpunctuationthatyouseethatisnotpartofafield
name(suchas"vol.beforetheVolume)isincludedtomakethetemplateexactlymatchthedatafile.
Related Topics:
Addinga
Cutting,C
TheB
TheFilterM
anager
Workingw
ithFilterTemplates
Adding and Deleting Rows in the Filter Template (Import Filters and Connection Files)
Whenaddinganddeletingrows,theorderofthetagsdoesnothavetomatchtheorderofthetagsinthedatafile.Thereisone
caseinwhichtheorderofthetagsisimportant:ifyouareenteringmultiplevariationsofonetaggedline,youshouldenterthe
repeatedlinesforthattaginorderfromthemostcomplextothesimplest.ThisisbecauseEndNotelooksformatchesstarting
fromthetopofthewindow workingdownthelisto
ftags.Itstopsatthefirsttemplatethatmatchesthetaggeddata.
Tostartanewrowimmediately belowtheactiverow,positionthecursorintheField(s)cell,andpressEnter.
Tostartanewrowimmediately abovetheactiverow,positionthecursorintheTagcell,andpressEnter.
Todeletearow,highlighttherowandselectClearfromtheEditmenu.
Related Topics:
Cutting,C
Templatesf orDifferentReferenceTypes
TheB
TheFilterM
anager
Workingw
ithFilterTemplates
Cutting, Copying and Pasting Rows (Import Filters and Connection Files)
YoumayusetheCut,Copy,andPastecommandstomoveorduplicateac ellorarowofcells.Todoso:
1. Selectarowbydraggingthemouseacross bothc olumns.(Draggingthemouseverticallyacrossmorethanonerow
selectsa
rangeofrows.)
2. Toduplicatetheselectedrow(s)e
lsewhereinafilter,selectCopy(Ctrl+C)fromtheEditmenu.Ifyouwanttodeletethe
selectedrowandmoveittoanotherlocation,selectCut(Ctrl+
X).
3. Clickwhereyouwouldlikethecutorcopiedrowtoappear,andselectPaste(C
trl +V)fromtheEditmenu.Thepasted
rowwillbeinserteda
bovetherowwherethecursoris.IfthecursorisintheField(s)column,thepastedrowwillbeinserted
b
elow.(Pastingwhenanentirerowisselectedwillreplacetherow.)
Copying and Pasting Between Reference Type Templates
BychoosingSelectAll(C
trl+A)fromtheEditmenu,youcanselectalloftherowsinagivenReferenceTypetemplate.Thisis
usefulforcopyinganentiretemplatetoanewreferencetypeorfilter.Aftercopyingtheentireseto
ftemplatesforareferencetype,
youmayselectadifferentreferencetypefromtheReferenceTypelistatthetopofthewindow,clickintheTagcellforthenewreferencetype,andselectPaste.
Whenyoucopyinformationfromonereferencetype(suchasJournalArticle),a
ndpastetherowsintoanotherreferencetype
(suchasNewspaper),thefieldnamesautomaticallychangetoreflectthenamesusedbythenewreferencetype.Ifthereisnota
correspondingfieldnameinthenewreferencetype,theoriginalfieldnameinthetemplateisreplacedwith{IGNORE},indicating
thatthedataforthattagwillbeignored.
Related Topics:
AddingandDeletingRowsintheFilterTemplate
TemplatesforDifferentReferenceTypes
TheBasicComponentsofaFilter
TheFilterManager
TipsforEnteringTagsandFields
WorkingwithFilterTemplates
Literal Text vs. EndNote Fields (Import Filters and Connection Files)
Whenyoulookatafilter,youwillnoticethatsomeofthetemplatesc ontaininformationotherthanEndNotefieldnames.ForEndNotetoidentifyw
hichdatashouldgointoaparticularEndNotefield,youmustincludep
unctuationandanyliteraltextorspaces
thatappearinyourdatafile.PunctuationandliteraltextactasdelimitersallowingEndNotetoparsethedataintomultipleEndNotefields.Noneofthese"delimiters"a
ctuallygetsimportedintoanEndNotelibrary,theymerelyserveasguides forEndNoteto
correctlyimportthedata.
Hereisanexampleofadatafilessourceline(SO:)where,inadditiontopunctuation,thereisliteraltextsuchas"v","n"a
nd"p"
precedingthedata:
SO:YouthT
heatreJournal.v6n4p3-6
The"v","n"and"p"areconsideredliteraltextbecausetheyarenotEndNotefieldnames;theyrepresenttheliteraltextfromthe
datafilethatprecedesthedatathatyouwanttoimport.Inthisparticularsourceline,therearefourdifferentpiecesofinformation:
thejournalname,volume,issue,andpages.TohelpEndNotedeterminew henonefieldendsandthenextonebegins,youmust
inserttheliteraltext,punctuation,andspacesfoundinthedatafilenexttotheappropriatefieldname.
Asaresult,theaboveSO:taglineshouldberepresentedinafilterlikethis:
Tag
SO:
Field(s)
Journal.v Volume
Insomedatabases,youmayfindlinesofdatathatincludeawordthatisalsoanEndNotefieldname.Thefollowingsourceline
containsthew
ord"pages"beforethepagenumbers:
SO:Town-planning-review.v ol.62,no.4,pages461-469.
Ifenteredintothefilter,EndNotewouldnormallyinterprettheword" pages"asafieldname.(Thisistruewhetheryoutypeitinthe
filterorinsertitusingtheInsertFieldlist.)ToforceEndNotetoreadafieldsnameasliteraltext,surroundthenamewithaccent
gravecharacters,asin`pages`.Theaccentgravecharacterisfoundintheupperleftcorner,underthetilde(~)keyofthekeyboard.Tom
atchtheSO:lineshownabove,thesourcelineinthefiltershouldappeara
s:
Tag
SO:
Field(s)
Journal.v ol.Volume,no.Issue,`
Related Topics:
Fieldsw
ithSpecialCharacteristics
The{IGNORE}Field
TheB
TheFilterM
anager
TheReferenceT
ypeTag
TheSourceLine
WhenPunctuationRepeatsWithinaField
Workingw
ithFilterTemplates
The {IGNORE} Field (Import Filters and Connection Files)

Theremaybepiecesofinformationinalineofdatathatyoudonotw
antimportedintoyourEndNotelibrary.ToforceEndNoteto
ignorepieceso
finformation,usetheInsertFieldlisttoinsert"{IGNORE}intheappropriateplace.Forexample,s upposeyouwant
EndNotetoignorebracketedtextthatsometimesfollowsthetitleofanarticle:
TI:Researchfundsaredwindling.[letter]
YoushouldaddanewTItagandtemplatetoy ourfilter(abovetheexistingTI:Titleline)thatlookslikethis:
Tag
TI:
Field(s)
Title.[{IGNORE}]
Related Topics:
Fieldsw
LiteralT
extvs.EndNoteFields
TheB
TheFilterM
anager
TheReferenceT
ypeTag
TheSourceLine
Workingw
ithFilterTemplates
The Source Line (Import Filters and Connection Files)

Thesourcelineistypicallythemostcomplexlineofdatainarecordb
ecauseitcontainsalloftheinformationaboutthesourceof
publication.F
orajournalarticle,thesourcelinemaycontainthejournalname,thev olumenumber,theissuenumber,page
numbers,andtheyearofpublication.F
orabook,thesourcelinemaycontainthepublisher,thecity,andthen
umberofpages.
ThesourcelineinyourfiltermustmatchexactlythesourcelineinthedatafileinorderforEndNotetodistinguishonepieceof
informationfromanother.Youwilloftenfindmorethanonevariationofasourcelineforagivenreferencetypeinasingledatafile,
inwhichcaseyouw
illneedtocreateaseparatesourcelineforeachvariant,startingw
iththemostcomplexsource.Thethree
sourcelinesdisplayedbelowcomefromasingledatabase:
SO:Semin-Oncol.76(3):465-711998
SO:Semin-Oncol.127:5-241999
SO:Eur-J-Cancer.118/6(654-657)1998
InthefirstSO:tagline,parenthesesenclosetheissuenumber"(3)".InthesecondSO:tagline,thereisnoissue,soacolonseparatesthev olumenumberandthepagenumbers"127:5-24".InthethirdS
O:tagline,aslashseparatesthevolumenumberand
theissuenumber" 118/6",andparentheses enclosethepagenumbers"(654-657)".
Eachvariantinthedatafiles sourcelinesmustbedefinedinyourfilter.SinceEndNotetriestomatchthesourcelineinthedata
filew iththefirstdefinedsourcelineinyourfilter,youshouldplacethem
ostdetailedsourcelinefirst,followedbyprogressively
lessdetaileds ourcelines.
Thefilterfortheabovesourcelinesshouldlooklikethis:
Tag
AU:
TI:
SO:
SO:
SO:
KW:
Field(s)
Author
Title
Journal.V
olume(Issue):PagesYear
Journal.V
olume/Issue(Pages)Year
Journal.V
olume:PagesYear
Keywords
Note:Ifthefilterfailstomatchavariationofthesourcelineforajournalarticle,itispossibletohaveEndNoteinterpretthedata
onitsown.SeeSourceP
arsing.
Related Topics:
Fieldsw
LiteralT
extvs.EndNoteFields
The{IGNORE}Field
TheB
TheFilterM
anager
TheReferenceT
ypeTag
Workingw
ithFilterTemplates
The Reference Type Tag (Import Filters and Connection Files)

Areferencetypetagidentifiesthekindofworkorpublicationbeingreferencedinaparticularrecordinyourdatafile.IntheFilter
window,a
referencetypetagisonlydefinedbythecharacteristicofhavingliteralt ext,andnofields,enteredintothefieldcolumn.
ThisliteraltextisnotimportedintoEndNote,butitisusedonlytoidentifyarecordsreferencetype.
Althoughareferencetypetagcanbeanytagatall,twocommonreferencetypetagsare"DTandand"PT"(whichstandforDocumentTypeandPublicationType).
JN-Am
ToensurethatEndNoteimportsthedataintothecorrectreferencetype,y oumusttypetheReferenceTypetagintheTagcolumn,andthereferencetypename(orotheridentifyingtext)exactlyasitappearsinthedataf ileintheField(s)column.(Thematchingiscase-sensitive.)TheReferenceTypetagcanbeplacedanywhereinthea
ppropriateReferenceTypetemplate.
WhenEndNoteimportsarecord,itfirstscansthedatafile,lookingforareferencetypetaginyourfilter.Thenitlooksforamatch
intherecorditsimporting.Thefirstreferencetypetagmatchencounteredd
etermineswhichoftheReferenceTypetemplates
EndNotewillusetoparset herecord.ThismatchalsodetermineswhichreferencetypeEndNoteassignstherecordintheEndNotelibrary.
WhenenteringtheReferenceTypetaginyourfilter,thetextyouenterintheFieldcellmustbeinterpretedbyEndNoteasliteral
text.Aproblemc anarisewhenyouhavetextthatcontainsanEndNotefieldname.Fore
xample,thefollowingReferenceType
tagcontainsthefieldname"Journal":
Tag
DT:
Field(s)
JournalA
rticle
Becausethefieldname"Journal"appearsinthetemplate,E
ndNotewillnotinterpretthisDT-taglinea
stheReferenceTypetag.
Instead,thefilterwouldimportthewordJournal(fromthedatafilesDT:line)intotheJournalfield.
ToforceEndNotetointerpretthewordJournal(oranyotherfieldname)a
sliteraltext,putanaccentgravecharacteratthestart
andendoftheword.(Theaccentgravecharacterisfoundintheupperleftcornero
fthekeyboard,underthetilde(~)key.)The
aboveReferenceTypetags houldappearinafilteras:
Tag
DT:
Field(s)
`JournalÀrticle
IfthedatabaseyouusedoesnotspecifyaReferenceTypetag,allreferencetypesinyourdatafilewillimportasthedefaultreferencetype(seeR
eferenceType).
Related Topics:
Fieldsw
LiteralT
extvs.EndNoteFields
The{IGNORE}Field
TheB
TheFilterM
anager
TheSourceLine
Workingw
ithFilterTemplates
Fields with Special Characteristics

CertainEndNotefieldscontainspecialrestrictionsonwhatsortofd
atacanbeimported.Thesesettingscannotbemodifiedand
applytoallimportfilters.
Author Fields
Thewords"AndOthers"getconvertedto"etal"andtheword"and"isomitted.Yearsaswellasparentheticalorb
racketedtext
areremovedbydefault.SeeAuthorP
arsing.
Year
Only4-digitnumbers(1###or20##)areimported.Youcannotimportreferencesthathaveadateof2010orlaterinEndNoteX2
andpreviousv ersionsofEndNote.
Title
Thefollowingpunctuationisremovedfromtheendofatitle:
Period,comma,semicolon, colon,forwardslash,backslash,openingparenthesis,d
ash,andcaret.
Pages
A"P"or"p"beforethenumberisautomaticallyremoved.
Volume
A"V"or"v"beforethenumberisautomaticallyremoved,a
sisanumberthatappearstobeayear.
Issue
An"N","No"or"No."beforethenumberisa
utomaticallyremoved(thisisnotcasesensitive).
Related Topics:
LiteralT
extvs.EndNoteFields
The{IGNORE}Field
TheB
TheFilterM
anager
TheReferenceT
ypeTag
TheSourceLine
Workingw
ithFilterTemplates
When Punctuation Repeats Within a Field (Import Filters and Connection Files)
Aspecialformattingcharactercalleda"verticalbar"(|)c anbeplacedinafiltertoindicatearepeatingseparatorwithinafield.For
example,youmayhaveadatafilewhereaperiodfollowedbyaspaces eparatesajournalnamefromthevolume.However,in
somecases,thiss eparatorispartofthejournalnameitself,withtheresultthataperioda
ndaspacecannotbereliablyusedto
distinguishajournalnamefromthevolume.Forexample:
SO:Science.1
0(3):p.80-90
Theabovesourcelinewouldbedefinedinafilteras:
Tag
SO:
Field(s)
Journal.V
olume(Issue):p.Pages
Anothersourcelineinthesamedatafilemightlooklikethis:
SO:Proc.Nat.
Theproblemarisesinthesecondsourcelinewheretheseparatorbetweenthejournalandvolume(periodandaspace)isfound
repeatedlywithinthejournal.TheSO:lineinthefilterinstructsEndNotetoimportthedatauptotheperiodandspaceintotheJournalfield.Consequently,EndNotewouldparse"Proc."asthejournalname,andeverythingaftertheperiodu
ptotheopenparenthesisasthevolume,sothevolumewouldbe"Nat. Acad.".
Thereisawaytoindicatearepeatingseparatorwithinafieldinthefilter.Ifyouplaceaverticalbar(|)beforetheseparator,this
instructsEndNotetoreaduptothelastoccurrenceofthisseparator.Intheexamplea
bove,ifweplaceaverticalbarbeforethe
repeatingJournalfieldseparator(periodandspace),theSO:lineinthefilterwouldlooklikethis:
Tag
SO:
Field(s)
Journal|.Volume(Issue):p.Pages
ThisSO:lineinthefilterinstructsEndNotetoimportallthedataw
iththeperiodfollowedbyaspaceseparatorasajournal.Here,
EndNotew
ouldimport"Proc. Nat."a
stheJournal,and"13"astheV
olume.
Related Topics:
Fieldsw
LiteralT
extvs.EndNoteFields
The{IGNORE}Field
TheB
TheFilterM
anager
TheReferenceT
ypeTag
TheSourceLine
Workingw
ithFilterTemplates
The Filter Options

The Filter Options (Import Filters and Connection Files)
TheremainderoftheoptionslistedintheFilterwindow belowTemplatesp
rovidethetoolsforfinetuningyourfilter.Theseoptions
include,a
mongotherthings,howauthornames shouldbeinterpreted,howtextisindentedinyourdatafile,andwhichcharacters
shouldbeomittedwheny ouimportrecordsintoanEndNotelibrary.
EndNotes "Smart" Settings
Whenpossible,EndNoteprovidesaSmartoptionforyourchoicesinconfiguringthefilters.WhereveryouselectaSmartoption,it
meansthatEndNotew
illdoitsbesttointerpretthedata.Ifyoudonotknowexactlyhowthereferenceisconfiguredinthedata
file,orifthereisalotofv ariability amongtheformatofthereferences,thentheSmartoptionsa
reprobablygoingtobethemost
reliablesettings.IncaseswheretheS
martoptiondoesnotworkforyourdatafile,youmaytrytheotheroptionsprovidedforthat
particularsetting.
Thesetopicsdescribethevariousfilteroptions:
l AuthorParsing
l ContinuationLines
l ReferenceType
l FieldEditing
l RecordLayout
l SourceParsing
Related Topics:
TheB
TheFilterM
anager
TheSourceLine
Workingw
ithFilterTemplates
Author and Editor Parsing (Import Filters and Connection Files)

UsetheAuthorParsingpaneltospecifyhowauthornamesarearrangedinyourdatafile.Thesesettingsapplyonlytoauthorsin
EndNotesmain(Generic)Authorfield.TheEditorParsingpanelappliestoeditors,translators,a
ndotherauthorsthatareinEndNotesGenericSecondaryAuthor,TertiaryA
uthor,andSubsidiaryAuthorfields.
Name Order
Usethe"NameOrder"settingstospecifytheorderinwhichf irstandlastnamesarearrangedinthedatafile.Examplesappropriatetoeachsettingareshownbelow:
Last Always Precedes First
AU:Smith,J.;
First Always Precedes Last
AU:J.Smith,
Name Order is Inconsistent
AU:Smith,J.,
Interpreting First Names
The"InterpretFirstNamesas"optionallowsyoutospecifyexactlyhowEndNoteshouldinterpretthepartoftheauthornamethat
ithasidentifiedasthefirstnameorinitials.
ThedefaultissettoSmart,whichusesthefollowingrule:Iftherea
rethreeorfewercontiguousuppercaseletters,theseletters
areimporteda
sinitials.Otherwise,thelettersareimportedasawholename.Fore
xample,iftheauthorsnameappearsinthe
datafileas:
AU:Childs,
Smartparsingwillinterpret"Jackie"asthefirst name,and" D"asthemiddleinitial.Thisauthornamewouldimportas:
Author:
Childs,JackieD.
Iftheauthorsnameappearsinthedatafileas
AU:vonB
raun,ED
SmartparsingwillinterpretEDasinitials;thustheauthornamewouldimportintoEndNoteas:
Author:
vonBraun,E.D.
EndNotewouldonlyimportEDasafirstname"Ed"ifyouselectedtheWholeNamesoption.
TheWholeNamesandInitialsOnlyoptionsshouldonlybeusedinspecialc ases.TheWholeNamesoptionshouldbeusedinthe
casewheretheauthorsinyourdatafilearealluppercase,andfullnamesareused.Thisoptionp
reventsEndNotefromconverting
namesconsistingoftwoorthreeuppercaseletters,asin"SUE"or"AL"toinitials.Forexample,iftheauthorsnameappearsin
thedatafileas:
AU:TOBIES,S
UE
theWholeNamesoptionwouldcorrectlyimporttheauthorsfirstnameas"Sue."Bycontrast,EndNotesSmartParsingwould
interprett hewholenameSUEasthreeinitials,as"S.U.E.Likewise,ifyouselectInitialsOnly,EndNoteimportsallfirstnamesas
initialsonly.Youwouldonlychoosethislatteroptioniftheallthefirstnamesinyourdatafileareinitials.
Author Name Separators
TheAuthorNameSeparatorstellEndNotehowtoextracttheindividualauthorsfromalinecontainingseveralauthors.
Between Authors
The"BetweenAuthors"optionreferstothepunctuationthatisusedtoseparateindividualauthornames.Itisextremelyimportant
thatthissettingiscorrectsothattheauthornamesimportcorrectlyintoEndNote.AuthornamesinanEndNotereferencesare
listedonenamep
erline.
ThedefaultfortheBetweenAuthorsoptionissettoSmart.Withthisoptionselected,EndNotelooksforacommonseparator,
eitherasemicolon(;),acarat(^)oraverticalbar(|),andusethisdelimitertoidentifyw
hereonenameendsandthenextname
begins.
Inthisexample,multipleauthorsareseparatedbyasemicolon:
AU:BuntingME;Hanzlik
EndNotesSmartparsingrecognizesthesemicolonseparatingthetwoa
uthornamesandcorrectlyimportsthemintoanEndNote
libraryas:
Author:
Bunting,M.
Therefore,inthisexample,youdonotneedtochangethesetting.However,ifyourdatafilehasadelimiterotherthanasemicolon
(;),acaret(^),oraverticalbar(|)separatingmultipleauthors,youmustselectanotheroptionfromtheadjacentlist.Totypeany
punctuationsuchasa
dashoraslash,selectOtherandtypethecharacterthere.Aspaceandareturn(wheretheauthorsare
listedoneperline)canbeselectedd
irectlyfromthelist.
IfyouselectImportAsIsfromthelist,EndNotewillnottrytoseparatet henamesthatfollowtheauthortag.Everythingthatfollowsthattaginthedatafilewillbeimportedexactlyasitappearsinthefile.
Last and First Names Separator
OnceEndNoteknowshowtoidentifyanindividualauthornameinalisto
fauthors,itlooksatthatnameandtriestodetermine
whatthefirstnameisandwhatthelastnameis.TheLastandFirstNamesseparatorisusedtodothis,alongwiththeName
Ordersettings.
ThedefaultLast&FirstNamessettingisSmart.Withthisoptions elected,EndNoteattemptstointerpretanauthorsnamebased
onthefollowingseparators:aspace,acomma,oraperiod.Inyourdatafile,iftheseparatorusedbetweenthelastnameandthe
firstnameissomethingo
therthanaspace,acomma,oraperiod,youcanselectaseparatorfromtheadjacentlist.
Parenthetical Data in Author Field
Itisnotuncommonforinformationproviderstoincludeadditionalinformationa
bouttheauthors(suchasdateofbirthorinstitutionalaffiliation).
AU:Takahashi,
Whenthisinformationismixedinwiththelistofauthorsonthetaggeda
uthorline,EndNoteprovidestwooptionsforwhattodo
withit.
l Discard:Allparentheticalinformationisdiscardedduringtheimport.
l Import Into:Allparentheticaldatamixedinwiththeauthornamesisimportedintothefieldthatyouc hoose.Wesuggestthat
youimportitintotheNotesfield,AuthorA
ddress,oranothercustomfieldthatisappropriate.
Note:Itisnota
ppropriateforEndNotetoimportthatdataintotheAuthorfieldbecauseitwouldproduceanincorrectlyformatted
bibliographytohavetheparentheticald
ataincludedwiththeauthornames.
Related Topics:
ContinuationL
ines
FieldEditing(ImportF
ilters)
RecordLayout(Filters)
ReferenceType
SourceParsing
TheB
TheF
ilterEditorwindow
TheFilterM
anager
Continuation Lines (Import Filters and Connection Files)

Ingeneral,EndNoteignoreslinesoftextwhichdonotbeginwithatagunlessthelinesoftextarecontinuationsofaprevious
taggeditem.W
ecallthesecontinuationlines.Hereisanabstractfromadatafileillustratingtheconceptofcontinuationlines(all
butthefirstarec onsideredcontinuationlines):
AB- A single-subject research design that usedmultiple baselines across behaviors comparedtraditional adaptations to computers.
BecauseEndNoteonlyimportstaggedlinesandcontinuationlines,itc anavoidimportingextraneoustextthatmightinterruptareference,s uchasyourloggingonorloggingofftext.Examplesofextraneouslinesa
re:
-->>Pressa
nyKeytocontinue
<Record5
of42>
EndNoteprovidestwogeneraloptionsfordealingwithcontinuationlines:
Ignore Indents: Untagged lines are always a continuation of the preceding line
Withthisoptionset,everylineoftextinthedatafilewillimportaccordingtothetagsthataredefinedintheTemplatespanel.Do
nots electthisoptionifthereisanytextinyourdatafilethatisnottagged.Ifyouusethisoptionanddonotwanttoimportcertain
taggedlines,youmustusethe"{IGNORE}option(seeTheIgnoreField).
Continuation lines must be indented
Thisoptionallowsyoutospecifytheexactnumberofspacesontheleftmarginforthecontinuationlines.
Thefollowingexampleisanabstractwherethefirstlineofdataisindentedfourspacesfromtheleftmargin,andthecontinuation
linesa
reproperlyindentedfourspaces.EndNotesdefaultSmartIndentIdentificationw
ouldimportthisabstractcorrectly.
(Spacesareshownasperiodsforc larity.)
AB-.Two experiments compared the performance of 23 12....old dyslexics with that of 8
age-matched controls on a....battery of tests of motor balance. A dual-task
paradigm....was used: Ss performed each test as a single task and as....a task concurrent
with a secondary task. In all single-....task conditions there was no difference between
groups.
However,youmayfinddatafileswherethecontinuationlinesarenotalignedwiththefirstlineofdata.Inthefollowingexample,
thecontinuationlinesareindentedtwospaces fromtheleftmargin,whereasthefirstlineisindentedfourspaces:
AB-.Beyond the inevitability of..is the question of countertransference enactments. From
a..two-person, participant-observer or observing-participant..perspective, enactments are
inevitable. The analyst becomes..influenced by the patient (and influences the patient
as..well) and enmeshed in the patient's internalized..interpersonal configurations.
ForEndNotetotreatthesubsequentlinesascontinuationlinesinthep
recedingexample,thefiltermustspecifytheexactnumber
ofspacesindentedontheleftmargin.Intheexamplejustgiven,youwouldenter" 2"inthe"Indent_spaces"option.
Ifmostofthelinesinadatafileimportafixednumberofspaces(liketwospacesintheexampleabove),butonetaggedfieldis
indentedd
ifferently (perhapskeywordsareindentedfourspaces),youcanenterexceptionsinthetableprovided.Simply enterthe
numberofspaces intheleftcolumnnexttothetag.Youonlyneedtoenteranumberforthetaggedfieldwiththeinconsistent
import.Allotherlinesthatareleftb
lankwillusethegeneralindentsetting.
Note:Foraquicka
ndreliablewaytocounthowmanyspacesareinsertedontheleftmargin,turnonthesettinginyourword
processortodisplayformattingcharacters.
Related Topics:
AuthorParsing
ilters)
ReferenceType
SourceParsing
TheB
TheF
ilterEditorwindow
TheFilterM
anager
Reference Type (Import Filters and Connection Files)

Default Reference Type
ThedefaultreferencetypetellsEndNotewhichreferencetypetouseifitcannotidentifythereferencetypeofarecord.Forexample,supposethatinonefilter,youspecifyJournalArticleasyourdefaultreferencetype,andcreateatemplateforit.Ifyouimport
adatafilecontainingc onferenceproceedings recordsforwhichyouhavenotdefinedaReferenceT
ypetemplate,anyconference
proceedingsrecordswillimportasJournalA
rticles.Also,ifthedatabasethatyouusedoesnotspecifyaReferenceT
ypetag,all
referencetypesinyourdatafilewillimportasyourdefaultreferencetype.(SeeTheReferenceT
ypeTagforinformationabout
definingthereferencetypestaginatemplate.)
Note:ThedefaultreferencetypeisalwaysindicatedwithboldtextintheReferenceTypeslistontheTemplatespanel.
Identifiers
Someinformationproviders,suchasOvidTechnologies,
Theseidentifiersarealsousedtoimportdatafilesthatcontainreferencesfrommultipledatabases.EndNotecanimportmulti-
sourcefileslikethata
slongaseachrecordinthedatafilehasavendorandadatabasetagatthestartofthereference.Theiden-
tifiersmustalsobeenteredintotheappropriatefiltersintheFiltersfolder.Whenyouarereadytoimportafilethathasdatafrom
multiplesourcesinit,besuretoselecttheMulti-FilterimportoptionintheImportdialog.
ThewaythatEndNoteisabletoknowwhichfiltertouseisbytheseIdentifiertagsenteredintothefilter.Bothidentifiersmustbe
used.T
hefirstidentifiershouldbethetagthatincludesthenameoftheinformationp
rovider.Forthisexampleitis"VN.Theexact
textthatfollowsthattagforeachrecordshouldbeenteredintothecorrespondingboxintheIdentifierssection.Thenexttagis
usedtoidentifythedatabase,suchasMedlineorBIOSIS.Enterthetagusedforthedatabasename,andthenenterthedatabase
nameexactlyasitappearsineachreference.
Forexample,forEndNotetoreadinthisdata:
<1>
VNOvidTechnologies,Inc.
DBOvidMEDLINE
AUJacobson,R;Campbell,S
PY1999etc.
ForVendorIdentification,entertheTag"VN"andtheText"OvidTechnologies".
ForDatabaseIdentification,entertheTag"DB"andtheText"OvidMEDLINE".
Related Topics:
AuthorParsing
ContinuationL
ines
ilters)
SourceParsing
TheB
TheF
ilterEditorwindow
TheFilterM
anager
Workingw
ithFilterTemplates
Field Editing (Import Filters and Connection Files)

Toaccessthisfeature,selectImportFiltersorConnectionFilesfromtheEditmenu.OpentheManagerandthenselecttheEdit
option.
Converting Text from Uppercase to Lowercase
Ifthetextinyourdatafileappearsentirelyinuppercaseletters,E
ndNotecanconvertthetexttoeitherSentence,Headline,or
Lowercaseformat,dependingonwhichoptionyouspecifyintheFieldEditingpanel.
Tocontrolthelowercasingofafield,s electtheappropriatefieldfromtheFieldEditingfor:lista
tthetopofthewindow.TheEndNotefieldsarelistedherebytheirG
enericnames.ThenpickacapitalizationoptionfromtheChangeU
PPERCASEtextto:list.
Note:Foralistofreferencetypefields andtheircorrespondingGenericfieldnames,seetheGenericR
eferenceType.
Forexample,atitlethatappearsinadatafileas"COMPOSTASA
HUMANNUTRIENTANDHORMONECARRIER"would
importinHeadlinecapitalizationa
s:
Composta
saHumanNutrientandHormoneCarrier
orinSentencecapitalizationas:
Composta
sahumannutrientandhormonecarrier
Tokeepafieldstextentirelyinuppercasecharacters,selecttheD
oNOTLowercaseoption.
Youcanapplylowercasingonanyfielda
slongasallthetextinthefieldisuppercase.Ifanyofthetextinthefieldisinmixed
case,EndNotewillimportitinmixedcase.
TheAuthor,Editor,andTranslatorfields aretreateddifferently froma
llotherEndNotefields.Uponimportingauthorfields intoan
EndNotelibrary,thesefieldsareautomaticallyconvertedfromuppercasetoheadline.D uetothespecialcharacteristicsofthese
particularfields,theoptiontochangethecaseisnotavailableintheFieldEditingpanel.
Omitting Unwanted Characters
Somelinesofdatahavesuperfluouscharacters,suchasanasterisk(*)oradash(-),thatyoumaynotwanttoimport.Forexample,inthefollowinglinesofdatatherearedashesinthejournalname,andthereisanasteriskbeforeeachkeyword:
SO-American-journal-of-preventive-medicine;1
2(9)
DE-*COMPUTERS
YSTEMSDESIGN;*DISPLAYDEVICES;*INTERFACES
Topreventunwantedcharacters frombeingimportedintoyourEndNotelibrary,usetheFieldEditingpaneltospecifythecharactersthatyouw anttoomit:
l Fromthe" FieldEditingfor:"list,selecttheEndNotefieldthatc ontainsunwantedcharacters.YouwillfindthattheEndNote
fieldsa
relistedbytheirGenericnames.Foralistofreferencetypefieldsa
ndtheircorrespondingGenericfieldnames,seethe
ListofReferenceTypes.
l Typetheu
nwantedtextinthe"Entertexttobeomitted(oneitemperline)"box,andthenclickAddtoaddittotheomissionlist.
WhenyoupreventcharactersfrombeingimportedintoanEndNotefield,y ouareomittingthecharactersfromthecorresponding
Genericfield,s otheomissionappliestoeveryreferencetypefieldthatcorresponds totheparticularGenericfield.Forexample,
theSecondaryTitlefieldc orrespondstoboththeJournalfieldinaJournalArticlereferencetypeandtheSeriesTitleinaBookreferencetype.Therefore,ifyouomitadash(-)fromthejournalname,anydashes foundinaSeriesTitlefora
Bookreferencetype
willalsobeomitted.
Eachitemthatyouwanttoomitshouldbeenteredonaseparateline.Forexample,letssaythatyouwantedtoomitbothunderscores(_)andforwardslashes(/)fromyourrecordskeywords.Firstaddtheunderscore,andthenaddtheforwardslash.Entering
bothitemsonthesamelinewouldc auseEndNotetoomitonlyinstancesof"_/",whileallotherinstancesofunderscores andforwardslasheswouldendupinyourkeywords.Y
oucanomitupto254charactersperEndNotefield.
Toremoveanitemfromthelist,simplyselecttheitemandclickRemove.Y
oumayselectmorethanoneitembyholdingdown
theShiftorCtrlk eyw
hileclickingonmultipleitems.
Note:Themoreitemsaddedtothelist,thelongerittakesEndNotetoimportrecordsintoEndNote.Toavoidslowingdownthe
importingprocess,youmaywanttostartbyimportingthedataintoanEndNotelibrarywithoutspecifyinga
nyomissions.Then
usetheFindandReplacecommandfromtheEditmenutodeletetheu
nwantedwordsandothertext.
Related Topics:
AuthorParsing
ContinuationL
ines
ReferenceType
SourceParsing
TheB
TheF
ilterEditorwindow
TheFilterM
anager
Workingw
ithFilterTemplates
Record Layout (Import Filters and Connection Files)

UsetheoptionsintheRecordLayoutpaneltomodifyhowEndNoteinterpretstheendofareferenceinadatafile.
Smart Record Identification

SmartRecordIdentification,EndNotesdefaultsettingforRecordTermination,c reatesanewrecordinEndNoteeachtimeatag
inthedatafilerepeatso
utofsequenceandisprecededbyablankorextraneousline.EndNotew
illnotcreateanewrecordifthe
sametagappearsinsuccession,providedt hattheyarenotseparatedbyablankline.
Forexample,somedatabaseslistauthorsonepertaggedline,withtheA
Utagappearingtwoormoretimesinsuccession,asin
thefollowinge
xample:
AU-D'Orazio,MGAUWhenEndNoteseesconsecutivetags,itdoesnotstartanewreferenceunlessitfindsthesametagprecededbyablankorextraneousline.
More Specific Record Layout Options

Amoreprecisewayofidentifyinganewrecordistospecifyinyourfilterexactlyhowtherecordsareterminatedinyourdatafile.
Theremainingo
ptionsintheRecordLayoutpanelallowyoutodothis.
Todeterminehowrecordsareterminated,openyourdatafileineithera
wordprocessorortexteditor.Checkforthepatternconsistentlyseparatingo
nerecordfromanother.Onceyouhavedeterminedthecorrectrecordtermination,c licktheappropriatebuttonontheRecordLayoutpaneltoselecttheb
estoptionforyourdatafile.Youmaychooseonlyoneoptionasarecordt erminator.
Blank line separates records
Selectthisoptioniftheonlyblanklinesinadatafilearetheonesinbetweenreferences.
Using "First Tag" and "Last Tag" Options
Thisoptionletsyouspecifyafirsttagthatstartstherecordand/o
rafinaltagthatendseachrecord.Onlyonetagisrequired.
l Beforechoosingthisoptionasyourrecordterminator,v erifythatthefirstorlasttagisconsistentlypresentineachrecord.
Thisoptionwillfunctioncorrectlyonlyifthechosentaga
ppearsineveryrecord.
l Youdonotneedtoenterbothafirstandlasttag;eithertagwillsufficetodistinguishonerecordfromthenext.
l Enterthetagexactlyasitappearsinthedatafile,includingthedelimiter(colonanddash)thatfollowsthetag.E
ndNote
treatsthesedelimitersaspartoftheirrespectivetags.
l Youdonotneedtoincludethesetagsinthet emplatesofyourfilter,unlessyouwishtoimporttheassociatedd
ata.
Each record ends with:
Selectthisoptionifyourreferencesconsistentlyendwithaspecifics etofuniquecharacters.Notethatwhateveryouenterinto
thisoptionn
eedstobeuniqueenoughthatitdoesnotappeare
lsewhereinyourreferences.Onecommonsetofcharactersthatis
usedt oterminateeachrecordis||.
Each record starts with:
Selectthisoptionifyourreferencesconsistentlystartwithtextthatisnotatag.Forexample,itiscommonforsomeinformation
providerst obegineachreferencewithacountersuchas:
<1>
or
Record1of53
Inthesecases,enterthetextexactlyasitappearsinthedatafile,b
utsubstituteanumbersign(#)fortheactualnumber.Forthe
examplesa
bove,youwouldenter"<#>"and"Record#of#".
Example
Thefollowingexampleillustratesadatafilethatcontainsneithera
blankline,nortextterminatingeachrecord.However,thereis
aconsistentfirsttag,"ND:"startingeachrecord.Soforthisexampleyouw
ouldwanttospecify"ND:"astherecordtermination
byclickingthe"FirstTag"button,andtyping"ND:"inthebox.
ND: 430529953|
BASE: BA83|
AU: HILDEN
Related Topics:
AuthorParsing
ContinuationL
ines
ilters)
ReferenceType
SourceParsing
TheB
TheF
ilterEditorwindow
TheFilterM
anager
Source Parsing (Import Filters and Connection Files)

Thesourcelinereferstothelineinthedatafilethatrepresentsthesourceinformationforthejournal(typicallyjournal,volume,
issue,pages,a
ndsometimestheyear).Itismostoftenthemostcomplexandinconsistentlineofdatainyourdatafileanditis
alsothemostimportant.Asaresult,theEndNotefiltersprovideasortofsafetynettocatchinconsistentlye
nteredsourcedata.
ThetagsandtemplatesdefinedintheTemplatespanelareusedfirsttoimportsourcedata.Ifasourcelineinadatafiledoesnot
matcha
nyoftheoptionsinthetemplates,thenEndNoteprovidesyouwithadditionaloptionsforhowtohandlethat.Thefirstthing
youneedtodoistomakes urethatEndNotehascorrectlyidentifiedthejournalarticlesourcetag.
Identifying the Source Tag
IfthesourcetagfortheJournalArticlereferencetypeintheTemplatess ectionofafilterisSOorJN,EndNoteautomaticallyidentifiesthistagasthesourcetag.However,ifthesourcetagdefinedinyourfilterissomethingotherthana"SO"or"JN",youmust
choosetheappropriatetagfromtheJournalArticlesourceTaglist.(AllofthetagsthathavebeendefinedintheJournalArticle
templatewillappearinthe"SourceTag"list.)
When source data and filter templates do not match
Ifajournalarticlessourcelineinyourdatafiledoesnotmatcha
sourcelineinyourfilter,youcanchoosehowEndNoteshould
treattheunmatchedsourceline.ThedefaultoptionisUseSmartParsing.EndNotesS
martParsingdoesitsbesttodistinguish
thejournalname,thevolumen
umber,theissuenumber,thepagenumbers,andtheyear,andimporteachintothecorresponding
EndNotefield.Anyinformationthatisnotidentifieda
sajournal,volume,issue,pages,oryearisimportedintotheNotesf ield,
alongwiththecomment"UsingSmartSourceParsing."(Afterimporting,ifyoususpectthatsomereferencesmaynothave
matchedthedefinedsourcetemplate,itishelpfultouseEndNotesSearchcommandtosearchforthetext"UsingSmartSource
Parsing"intheNotesfieldoftheimportedreferences.YoumaythencheckthosespecificallytoseeifEndNotecorrectlyinterpretedthedata.)
Ifyouchoosetheotheroptiontoimportthesourcedataintoaseparatefield,EndNotedoesnotattempttoparsethesourceinformation,andinsteadimportstheentireunmatchedsourcelineintowhateverfieldyouhaves pecified.
ForanyreferencetypeotherthanaJournalArticle,unmatchedsourcelinesareautomaticallyimportedintotheNotesfield.Therefore,ifyouh
avenotdefinedanexactmatchforasourcelinefoundinabookrecordinyourdatafile,EndNoteimportstheentire
sourcelineintotheNotesfield.
Related Topics:
AuthorParsing
ContinuationL
ines
ilters)
ReferenceType
TheB
TheF
ilterEditorwindow
TheFilterM
anager
TheSourceLine
Importing MARC Records

What Are MARC Records?
"MARC"standsforMachineReadableC atalogingf ormat.ItisastandardizedformatdevelopedbytheLibraryofCongressforproducingmachine-readablebibliographicrecords.Itismuchmored
ifficulttoreadthanregulartaggeddataformats,butitcanstillbe
importedinmuchthesamewayusingEndNotesfilters.
The MARC Format and Connection Files
ManyconnectionfilesusetheMARCformatbecauseitisspecifiedasp
artoftheZ39.50standard.Whencreatinganewconnectionfile,theT
emplatesandMARCRecordsportionsoftheconnectionfileareautomaticallys etuptoimportstandard
USMARC(MARC21)d
ata.Ifyouneedtocustomizethesepartsoftheconnectionfile,theinstructionsinthissectionwould
apply.
Related Topics:
Creatinga
RulesforMARCImportFilters
TheB
TheF
ilterEditorwindow
TheFilterM
anager
TheFilterO
ptions
UniqueA
spectsofMARCRecords
Unique Aspects of MARC Records

MARCrecordsdifferfromotherbibliographicrecordsintwoimportantw ays:
Numeric Tags
TheprimarywayinwhichMARCrecordsdifferfromnon-MARCbibliographicrecordsisintheirrelianceonnumerictags.
Numerictagstypicallyconsistofthreedigits followedbytwospacesandtwomoredigits.Forexample:
245 10
$a When you realize you have too many
kids: $b a guide / $c Hugh B
245 14
$a The angel with a dirty mouth /$c NickSteel ; illustrated by Melissa
Subfields
ThesecondwayinwhichMARCtagsdifferfromotherbibliographicrecordsistheuseofsubfields.
EachnumericallytaggedlineinaMARCrecordmaycontainanynumbero
fsubfields.Asubfieldtypicallyconsistsoftwoconsecutivecharacters,thefirstofwhichisthesubfielddelimiterwhichdenotesthestartofa
newsubfield.Examplesofsubfields
are"$a"and"$x."T
hesubfieldsdonothavetobeconsecutive,asinthesecondrecordintheexampleabove.
IfyouwerecreatingaconventionalfilterforimportingbibliographicrecordsfromaMARCdatabase,youwouldhavetoanticipate
avastnumbero
fpossiblecombinations,bothoftagsandofsubfields.
BecauseitisdifficulttoanticipateeverypossiblecombinationoftagsandsubfieldsinMARCrecords,EndNoteprovidesyouwith
asimplifiedw
ayofcreatingfiltersforMARCrecords.Thetwosectionsthatfollowtellyouhowtocreateafilterspecificallyfor
MARCrecords,andthena
lertyoutothedifferentrulesthatEndNoteuseswhenimportingMARCrecordsintoanEndNotelibrary.
Related Topics:
Creatinga
TheB
TheF
ilterEditorwindow
TheFilterM
anager
TheFilterO
ptions
WhatAreMARCR
ecords?
Creating a Filter for MARC Records

Onceyouhavecreatedanewfilter,oryouhaveopenedanexistingfilter,s electtheMARCRecordspanelintheFilterwindow.
Clickthe"ProcessdatafileasMARCrecord"checkbox.Thedollarsign($)willappearinthe"MARCSubfieldDelimiter"b
ox,
sincethisisthesubfielddelimiterinmostcases.Ifthesubfieldd
elimiterissomethingotherthanadollarsign,deletethedollar
signandtypeintheappropriatedelimiter.
Data Start Column
ThereferencedatainaMARCreferencenormallystartsincolumn8(thatis,thesixthcharacterfromtheleftmargin).Thisisthe
defaultsettingy ouwillfindinthe"Datastartsincolumn"textbox.Ift heMARCrecordsinyourdatafilestarttheactualreference
data(aso
pposedtotagsandsubfielddelimiters)insomeotherposition,entert hatnumberinthe"Datastartsincolumn"textbox.
Note:Alwaysentera
valueof6orhigherinthe"Datastarts incolumn"textbox.Ifyouenteralesservalue(forexample,you
enterthenumber5),thev aluewillchangebackto8whenyouleavetheMarcRecordspanelevenifyouhavesavedyour
changes.Thisonlyhappensinthe"Datastarts incolumn"textbox.Ifyoumakeotherchanges,thenthosev aluesaresaved

whenyoureturntotheMarcRecordspanel.
Accession Numbers
TheAccessionNumberisauniquenumberassignedtoeachrecordinad
atabase.(Theinformationprovidersdatabase;notthe
EndNotedatabase.)T
heprovidermaynotcallitanAccessionNumber;PubMedusesPMID,andsomesystemsuseuniqueidentifier.T
hesenumberssometimesappearimmediatelyafterthenumerictag,a
ndwithoutthetwo-digitsubfieldcodesseeninother
MARCfields.Sincea
commontypeofaccessionnumberoftenappearsafterthe001tag,EndNoteincludesanImport001tagsas
AccessionNumbersc heckboxwhichletsyouimportthisnumberintoEndNotesAccessionNumberfield.Accessionnumbers
whichappearinlinesotherthan001oftenbeginw
ithasubfield,soyoucansetupthefiltertoimportthenumberintotheAccessionNumberfield.
If First Field has no Subfield Delimiter
Normallythefirstcharacterthatprecedestherecorddataisthesubfielddelimiter(commonlyadollarsign$).Ifthissubfielddelimiterisnotp
resentforthefirstfieldofeachtaggedline,youwillneedtotellE
ndNotehowtointerpretthefirstcharacterbychecking
theappropriateo
ptionundertheMARCrecordsdialog.Isitpartoftherealdataofareferenceorisitafielddesignator(suchas"a"
or"b")thatjusthappenstobemissingthesubfielddelimiter?
Related Topics:
TheB
TheF
ilterEditorwindow
TheFilterM
anager
TheFilterO
ptions
UniqueA
spectsofMARCRecords
WhatAreMARCR
ecords?
Workingw
ithFilterTemplates
Rules for MARC Import Filters

EndNoteobservestheseruleswhenimportingMARCrecords:
l EndNotea
llowsyoutospecifyonlythefirstthreedigitsofthetagwhend
esigningafilterforMARCrecords.Youcandisregard
spacesandd
igitsappearingimmediatelyafterthefirstthreedigits.Thetagforbothofthefollowingexampleswouldbe245.
245 10 $a When you realize you have too many
kids: $b a guide / $c Hugh B
245 14
$a The angel with a dirty mouth /$c NickSteel ; illustrated by Melissa
l Youd
onothavetodefineallthesubfieldsinataggedline.Theremayb
esomesubfieldsthatcontaininformationyoudonot
wanttoimportintoyourEndNotelibrary.EndNotewillignoreanysubfieldsthata
renotdefinedinyourfilter.
l Sourcelinescannottakeadvantageofthe"SmartSourceParsing"option.Youmay,however,entermultiplevariationsofthe
subfieldsinasourceline.Besuretoenterallsubfieldsafterthesametag(donotrepeatthetagforeach),andlistthemost
complexsubfieldformatsfirst.Forexample:
773 $gVolume(Issue), p.
l Witht heexceptionofthereferencetypetag,EndNoteallows youtodefineatagonlyonce;thereforeyoushouldincludeallof

thesubfieldsthatcontaindatayouwanttobeimported.Forexample,thefollowinglineinafilterforMARCrecordswouldsuccessfullyimportanyora
llofthethreelinesthatfollow:
Tag
245
Field(s)
$aT
itle$bTitle$cNotes
245 14 $a The hollow horn : $b Bob Dylan'sreception in the United States andGermany / $c
by Dennis Anderson.
245 10
$a Bob Dylan, spellbinding songwriter /$c Nathan
245 00
$a Down in the groove.
Related Topics:
Creatinga
TheB
TheF
ilterEditorwindow
TheFilterM
anager
TheFilterO
ptions
UniqueA
spectsofMARCRecords
WhatAreMARCR
ecords?
Modifying an Existing Filter

Modifying an Existing Filter (Example)
Modifyinganexistingfilterisusefulifyouwanttocreateanewfilterforadifferentdatabasebythesameprovider.Althoughsome
informationp
rovidersofferradicallydifferentformatsfortheirdifferentdatabases,thereareotherswhoprovidefairlyconsistent
tagsandorganizeddataa
crosstheirdatabases.
Commonreasonsforeditingafilterincludeaddingatagtoimportadditionalinformation;removingatagorusing{IGNORE}to
omitunwanteddata;orfine-tuningthecurrentsettingsforimportingauthorsorjournalsourcedata.Thespecificsabouthowto
workwithtemplatesandoptionsaredescribedearlierinthischapter.Thisexampleisintendedtoprovideageneraloverviewof
theprocessofeditingafilter.
Adding a Tag and Field to a Filter

LetssaythatyouwanttomodifyafiltertoimportthelanguageofthepublicationintoEndNotesNotesfield.Inthisparticulardatabase,thelanguageisprecededbythetag"LA-".
TI-ZumbeginndesmathematischenFrauenstudiumsiPreussen.|
TI-<Translated>ThebeginningsofmathematicalstudiesforwomeninPrussia|
AU-Tobies.Renate
JN-NTMSchr.GeschichteNatur.Tech.Medizin|
SO-<JN>NTMSchriftenreihefurGeschichtederNaturwissenschaftenTechnikundMedizin|
SO-<PY>1991|
SO-<VO>28|
SO-<NO>no.2,|
SO-<PG>151-172.|
LA-German|
DT-Journal|
ToaddtheLAtaganddirectitscontentstotheNotesfield:
1. FromtheEditmenu,selectImportFilters,andthenselectOpenFilterManager.Themostrecentlyusedfilterwillalso
appearasanoptionintheImportFilterssubmenu.YoumaychooseE
dit<filtername>toeditthatfilteraswell.
2. IntheFilterManager,selectthefilterthatyouw
anttoedit,andthenclickEdit.
3. SelecttheTemplatesoptionintheleftpanelofthewindow.
4. ClickthemouseinanycelloftheJournalArticlet emplate,andthenpressEntertoc reatetoanewrow.
5. TypeLA-intheTagcell,andthenpress aTabtomovetotheFieldcell.InserttheNotesfieldfromtheInsertF
ieldlist.
DoingsotellsEndNotetoimportthelanguageinformationintoEndNotesNotesfield.
6. YoucanaddtheLA-tagtotheremainingReferenceTypetemplatesinthefilter.UsetheReferenceTypelisttoswitchtoeach
referencetypetemplateinyourfilterandrepeattheprocessdescribedabove.(Referencetypeswithcheckmarksnexttothem
inthelistaretheonesthathavetemplatesdefinedforthem.
7. FromtheFilemenu,selectSaveAs.Enteranewn
ameforthemodifiedversionofthefilter,andthenc lickSave.
Related Topics:
TheB
TheF
ilterEditorwindow
TheFilterM
anager
TheFilterO
ptions
WhatAreMARCR
ecords?
Creating a New Filter

Creating a New Filter
Thistopicprovidesageneraloverviewofhowtocreateanewfilter.Youcanviewanexampleofadatafile,andthetemplatespor ataFileandTemplates).
tionofaf iltertomatchit(seeExampleD
Thebasicstepstocreateanewfilterare:
1. FromtheEditmenu,selectImportFiltersandselectN
ewFilter.
2. Ifyouwouldlike,youmayenteracategoryforthefilter(usuallytheinformationproviderisusedforthecategory),andany
othercommentsaboutwhatthefilterisbasedonorwhatdataitisusedtoimport.
3. ClickontheTemplatesoption.
4. FromtheReferenceTypeslist,selectthefirstreferencetypethatyouwouldliketodefine,andenterthenecessarytags
andthecorrespondingfieldsintothereferencetypetemplate.S
eeWorkingwithFilterTemplates.
5. Defineadditionalreferencetypes,asnecessary,b
yselectingthemfromtheReferenceTypeslistandenteringthetagsa
nd
fieldsforthemaswell.
6. ClicktheReferenceTypeoptioninthelistofp
anelnames,andselectthedefaultreferencetypeforthefilter.
Atthispoint,youmayhaveenteredenoughinformationtousethefilters uccessfully.Tryitoutbychoosingitastheimportoption
toimporty ourdatafileintoanew,emptylibrary.Reviewtheimportedreferencestobesurethattheyimportedcorrectly.Finetune
thefilterasnecessary(seeTheFilterOptions).
Note:Ifyouneeda
referencetypethatdoesnotappearintheReferenceTypelist,seeA
ddingandDeletingR
eferenceTypes.
ataFileandTemplates.
Foradditionalhelp,seeTipsforEnteringTagsandFieldsandExampleD
Tips for Entering Tags and Fields

Not every tag in your data file needs to be in your filter.
Thereisnoneedtodefineeverytagthatappearsinyourdatafile,p
rovidedthatthecontentsofthecorrespondingfieldstartonthe
samelineasthetagitself;andtherecordscontinuationlinearenotflushleft.Ifyouneedtodefineeverytagthatappearsinarecord,butonlyw
anttoimporttheinformationassociatedwithcertaintags,insertthe{IGNORE}fieldfromtheInsertFieldlistw
here
appropriate.
Note:Youdonotn
eedtospecifyalldatafields,unlesseachtagappearsonalinebyitself,withthedatastartingbelowitonthe
nextline.Youmayalsow
anttospecifyalltagsifthecontinuationlinesinyourrecordsaref lushleft,inwhichcaseanundefined
tagappearingimmediately aftera
continuationlinewillbereadinastext.
You might need to enter multiple variations of a source line.
Youwilloftenfindmorethanonevariationofasourcelineforagivenreferencetypeinadatabase,inwhichcaseyouwillneedto
defineas eparatesourcelineinyourtemplateforeachsuchvariant.Themostc omplexsourcelineshouldappearfirst,followed
bysourcelines ofdecreasingc omplexity.InthecaseofJournalArticles,besuretospecifytheappropriateSourceParsingoption
(refertoSourceParsing).
MARCformatsareanexception.SeeRules forMARCImportFilters.
A colon, dash, space or other character that appears along with a tag is treated as part of the tag.
Whendefiningtagsinafilter,thesecharactersneedtobeincludedinthetagcolumnofthefilterforEndNotetofindanexact
match.Ifs paces areinsertedwithinatag,asin"SO-<VO,theyneedtobedefinedaspartofthetagaswell.
Related Topics:
Addinga
Creatinga
Creatinga
NewFilter
Cutting,C
ExampleD
ataFileandTemplates
Example:M
odifyinganExistingFilter
NavigatingintheTemplatesPanel
UniqueA
spectsofMARCRecords
Workingw
ithFilterTemplates
Example Data File and Templates

BelowisasampleofarecordinadatafileandthefilterTemplatespanelconfiguredtoimportthedata.SeeWorkingw
ithFilter
Templatesfordetailsaboutconfiguringtemplates.
Sample Record from a Data File

FN- DIALOG
Note:Thetrailingv erticalbarsattheendofeachlinewillbestrippedoutbyEndNote.D onotincludetheminthefilter.
TocreateatemplatefortheJournalArticlereferencetype:
1. Select"JournalArticle"fromtheReferenceT
ypeslist.
2. TypeTI-inthetagcell,t henpressTabtomovetotheFieldcolumn.InserttheTitlefieldu
singtheInsertFieldbutton.
3. PressEntertom
ovetothenextline.
4. Typethenexttagtoimportandinsertthecorrespondingfield.Continueenteringtherestofthetagsandfieldsuntilallo
fthe
necessaryinformationiscoveredbythefilter.Skipanytagsfordatathatyouarenotinterestedinimporting.
ThisiswhattheresultingTemplatespanelofthefiltershouldcontain:
Tag
ANTIAUCSJNPYSNDTABGSDE-
Field(s)
AccessionN umber
Title
Author
AuthorA
ddress
Journal;V
olume(Issue)pPages
DateYear
ISSN
ANALYTIC;SERIAL
Abstract
Keywords
Keywords
Note:Itisimportanttorememberthatthesourcelineina
filtermustexactlymatchthesourcelineinthedatafileforEndNoteto
distinguishonefieldfromanother.Youwilloftenfindmorethanonev ariationofasourcelineforagivenreferencetypeinadatabase,inw
hichcaseyouwillneedtocreateaseparatesourcelineforeachvariantinyourdownload,startingwiththemostcomplexsourcelineandendingw
iththeleastcomplexsourceline.Asabackup,s electtheappropriateSourceParsingoption.
Related Topics:
Creatinga
Creatinga
NewFilter
Workingw
ithFilterTemplates
Connection Files
Introduction to Connection Files
Introduction to Connection Files
TheOnlineSearchcommandonEndNotesToolsmenuconnectsyoutoonlined
atabasesandlibrarycatalogssothatyoucan
searchthemfromwithintheEndNoteprogramandretrievereferencesdirectlyintoEndNote.EndNoteisabletomaketheseconnectionsusingtheinformationstoredintheh
undredsofindividual"connectionfiles."
Thissectiondescribeshowtoeditandcreatetheseconnectionfiles.TheprocessofusingtheOnlineSearchcommandis
describedinQuickO
verview(OnlineSearching).
EndNoteprovidesthousandsofconnectionfilesforavarietyofsources.B
ydefault,onlythemostpopularconnectionfilesare
storedasindividualfilesintheConnectionsfolderinyourEndNoteprogramfolder.Toinstalla
dditionalconnectionfiles,see
InstallingA
dditionalConnectionFiles.
What is a Connection File?

Aconnectionfilecontainsalltheinformationnecessarytoconnectto,search,andimportreferencesfromanonlinedatabaseor
onlinelibraryc atalog.Eachconnectionfilerepresentsadifferentonlinedatabase(suchastheLibraryofCongressorPubMed
fromtheNationalLibraryofMedicine).
TheconnectionfilesarelocatedintheConnections folderinyourEndNotef older.Youcanviewalloftheavailableconnectionsby
selectingConnectionF
ilesfromtheEditmenuandselectingOpenConnectionManager.
Related Topics:
BasicC
omponentsofaConnectionFile
TheConnectionManager
The Connection Manager

EndNoteprovideshundredsofconnectionfiles foravarietyofsources.B
ydefault,onlythemostpopularconnectionfilesare
storedasindividualfilesintheConnectionsfolderinyourEndNoteprogramfolder.Toinstalla
dditionalconnectionfiles,see
InstallingA
dditionalConnectionFiles.
ToperusethelistofavailableconnectionfilesinEndNotesConnectionsfolder,selectConnectionFilesfromtheEditmenu,and
selectOpenConnectionM
anager.
TheConnectionManagerliststhenamesofalloftheoriginalconnectionfilesavailableintheProgramF
iles\EndNote\ConnectionsfolderaswellasanynewormodifiedconnectionfilesinyourpersonalConnectionsfolder,andgivesyouthe
optionstoe
ditthemorselectthemas"favorites"forquickaccesswheny ouusetheOnlineSearchcommand.Youcanclickand
dragthecornerofthedialogtoincreasethesize.
Locating the Connection File You Want to Use
l Ify ouknowthenameoftheconnectionfilethatyouwanttouse,starttypingittoselectthefirstfilethatmatcheswhatyou
type.
l ClicktheFindByb
uttonandselectaninformationprovidersname(sucha
sOvidorSilverPlatter)tofindonlytheconnection
filesforas pecificinformationprovider.
l ClicktheFindByb
uttonandselectAllConnections toreturnalloftheconnectionfilestothedisplayedlist.
l Clickthecolumnheadingstosorttheconnectionfilesbynameorbyinformationp
rovider.Clickingthesamecolumnheadinga
secondtimewillchangethesortorderfromascendingtodescending.Clickagaintosetitb
acktoascendingorder.
l ClicktheMoreInfotrianglebuttonatthebottomofthedialogtodisplayadditionalinformationabouttheselectedconnection
file.Or,clickL
essInfotohidetheadditionalinformation.
Marking Your Favorite Connection Files
Whenyouhavefoundaconnectionfilethatyouwillwanttouseinthefuture,clickthecheckboxnexttoittomarkitasafavorite.
A
llconnectionfilesthataremarkedasfavorites(upto500)appearasa
nOnlineSearchgroupintheLibrarywindow.Thisgives
youeasyaccess tothefilesyouusemostoften.
Aneasywaytomarkawholecategoryofconnectionfiles(suchasalloftheconnectionsforOviddatabases)istoclicktheFind
bybutton, chooseacategoryfromthelist,andthenwhenallofthefilesfort hatcategoryareshowing,clicktheMarkAllbutton.
Editing Connection Files
Ifyouwouldliketomodifyaconnectionfile,selectitinthelista
ndclickEdit.SeetheRelatedTopicslistbelowfortopicsabout
howtoworkwithconnectionfiles.
Copying Connection Files

WhenyoudisplayalistofconnectionfilesinEndNote,thelistisc omprisedoftheinstalledconnectionfilesfoundintheProgram
Files\EndNote\ConnectionsfolderaswellasnewormodifiedconnectionfilesfoundinyourpersonalConnectionsfolder.Foran
explanationofw
hereyourfilesarestored,seeFolderLocationsPreferences.
Therearetwowaystocopyconnectionfiles.First,sinceeachconnectionfileisaseparatefileonyourharddrive,youcancopy
themasyouwouldc opyanyfileonyourharddriveusingtheWindowsdesktop.
Or,tomakeacopyofaconnectionfilefromwithinEndNote:
1. FromtheEditmenu,s electConnectionFiles>OpenConnectionManagertoopentheConnectionM
anager.
2. Selecttheconnectionfileyouwanttocopyandc lickEdit.
3. Withoutmakinganychangestothefile,selectS
aveAsfromtheFilemenu.
4. Givethiscopyofthefileanewname,andthens aveit.
ThefileissavedinyourpersonalConnections folder.Thenewconnectionfilewillremainopen.Theoriginalconnectionfilewillbe
leftuntouched.
Deleting Connection Files

TodeleteaconnectionfilefromwithinEndNote:
1. FromtheEditmenu,selectConnectionFiles>O
penConnectionManager.
2. Selecttheconnectionfiletobedeleted.
3. SelectClearfromtheEditmenu,orright-clickontheconnectionfileandselectDeletefromtheshortcutmenu.
YoucanalsodeleteanunwantedconnectionfilebyswitchingbacktotheWindowsExplorer,orbyo
pening"MyComputer,"and
openingtheConnectionsfolderintheEndNotef older.Then,selectthefiletodelete,andthenselectDeletefromtheFilemenuor
dragthefiletotheRecycleBin.
Note:Y
oumusthaveread/writeaccesstotheConnectionsfolderinordertod
eleteaconnectionfile.Ifyoudonothaveadministratoraccess,youlikelywillnotbeabletodeleteafilelocatedwithintheProgramFilesf older.
Saving Connection Files

Tosaveanewconnectionfilethatyouhavejustcreated,ortosavec hangestoaconnectionfileyouhavejustmodified,select
SaveorSaveA
sfromtheFilemenu.
Ifyouhavemodifiedoneoftheoriginalinstalledfilesint heProgramF
iles\EndNote\Connectionsfolder,youmustuseSaveAsto
saveacopytoyourpersonalConnectionsfolder.IfyouhavemodifiedastylethatisalreadylocatedinyourpersonalConnections
folder,youcanselecte
itherSavetodirectlymodifythefile,orSaveAstomakeacopywitht hechanges.Foradescriptionof
whereyourstylesarestored,s eeFolderLocations.
EndNoteautomaticallysavesnewconnectionfilestoyourpersonalConnectionsfolder.Youmayalsospecifyadifferentfolderif
necessary.Forinstructionss eeFolderLocations.
EndNoteconnectionfilesusethefilenameextensionof".ENZ",asin"Medline(Ovid).ENZ".
Basic Components of a Connection File

About this Connection Panel
WhentheConnectionEditorwindowopens,itdisplaystheAboutthisC
onnectioninformation.Thispanelcontainsdescriptive
informationabouttheconnectionfile,andhasnoimpactonestablishingtheconnection.
Name:DisplaysthenameofthefileasitappearsintheConnectionsfolderintheEndNotefolder.Thefilen
ameextension(.ENZ)
isnotdisplayed.Then
ameoftheconnectionfilecannotbechangedhere;youwouldneedtoc losethiswindowandswitchback
totheWindowsdesktoptorenamethefile.
Based On:Enteranyinformationaboutw
hatdocumentationwasusedtocreatetheconnectionfile.Commonlythes erverdocumentationisavailableontheWeb,soyoucouldenteraURLh
eretomakeiteasytolaterretrievethatinformation.Ifthisconnectionfileisamodifiedcopyofanotherconnectionfile,itmaybehelpfultoenterthenameoftheoriginalfileinthisfieldforfuture
reference.
Category:Thecategoryistypicallyt heinformationprovider(suchasOvidorSilverPlatter),b
utyoumayenteranythingthatwill
helpyoucategorizeandorganizey ourconnectionfiles.ThecategoryinformationisalsolistedintheC
onnectionManagerwindow
inthecolumnnexttothenameofthefile.Inthatwindow,youmaysortconnectionfilesbycategoryandalsosearchforthemby
category.
Created:Thedatetheconnectionfilew
asinstalledorcreated.
Last Modified:Thedatetheconnectionfilewaslastmodified.
Comments and Limitations:Enteranyusefulcommentsherethatwouldhelpyourememberhowtosearchtheonlined
atabase.
Limitationstopreconfiguredc onnectionfiles maybedocumentedhereaswell.
AlloftheinformationinthispanelisvisibleintheConnectionManagerifyouclicktheMoreinformationoptionatthebottomofthe
ConnectionM
anagerwindow.Thisishelpfulbecauseyoudonotneedtoeditaconnectionfiletoviewthecommentsorother
descriptiveinformation.Youmaysimplys crollthroughtheavailableconnectionfilesintheConnectionManagerw
indowandview
theinformationthere.
Related Topics:
BasicC
CopyingC
onnectionFiles
CreatingC
onnectionFiles
DefaultV
aluesforNewConnectionFiles
Editinga
ConnectionFile
FilterInformation
SearchAttributes
TheConnectionFileWindow
TheConnectionSettings
Basic Components of a Connection File

Topicsdescribingthebasicsofaconnectionfilearelistedbelow.T
hisinformationisusefulifyouwanttomodifyorcreateaconnectionfile.Tocreateanewconnectionfile,seeCreatingC onnectionFiles.
l EditingaConnectionFile
l TheConnectionFileWindow
l AboutThisConnectionPanel
l TheConnectionSettings
l SearchAttributes
l FilterInformation
Editing a Connection File

Toeditaconnectionfile:
1. FromtheEditmenu,s electConnectionFilesandselectOpenConnectionManager.
2. Selectthefiletoe
dit,andthenclickEdit.
Themostrecentlyusedconnectionfilecanalsobeeasilyeditedbys electingConnectionFilesfromtheEditmenu,and
selectingEdit< connectionfile>.
3. Makey ourchangestotheconnectionfile.
4. Ifyouareeditingoneo
ftheoriginal,installedconnectionfiles:
a. FromtheFilemenu,selectSaveAs(theSavec ommandwillnotbeavailable).
b. NamethefileandclickSave.
If you are editing a connection file that you created or that you have already modified before:
a.FromtheFilemenu,selectSavetosavechangesdirectlytothefile.
EndNotesavesthefileinyourpersonalConnections folder.Foradescriptiono
fwhereconnectionfilesarestored,seeFolder
LocationsPreferences.
Filter Information
TheFiltersectionoftheconnectionfilecontainstheinformationusedtoimporteachreferenceandgetthereferencedataintothe
correctEndNotefields.
Formostconnectionfiles,thefilterissetuptointerpretreferencesintheMARCformat.Whenyoucreateanewconnectionfile,
theFilters ectionwillbesetuptointerpretreferencesinastandardMARC21format.
ThispartoftheconnectionfileisidenticaltotheregularImportF
ilterwindow.Formoreinformationabouteditingafilter,consult
TheFilterManagera
ndWorkingwithFilterT
emplates.
Iftheretrievedreferencesarenotimportingthewayyouwouldlike,y oushouldcomparethefiltersettingsoftheconnectionfileto
theoriginaltextthatEndNotereceivesfromtheonlinedatabase.Todoso,selectS
howConnectionStatus fromtheWindow
menuwhenretrievingreferences.S
ettheviewintheStatuswindowtoshowRecordDataandcomparetherecorddatatowhatis
inthefilter.Thisrecorddataisalsostoredinthelogfile,Connection.log.Bydefault,theConnection.logfileisstoredinthefolder:
Windows XP:C:\DocumentsandSettings\[UserName]\Application
Windows Vista:C:\Users\[UserName]\
Windows 7:C:\Users\[UserName]\
Thisfileissimplyatextfileandmaybeopenedinanywordprocessortoviewit.
ndLinksPreferences.
TochangethelocationoftheConnect.logfile,seeURLsa
The Connection File Window

Afterchoosingtheoptiontoeditanexistingconnectionfileorcreatea
newone,EndNoteopenstheConnectionFilewindow.
AllofthedifferentareasoftheconnectionfilearelistedontheleftsideoftheConnectionFilewindow.Clickonanitemtoview
thea
ssociatedsettings.Youmayswitchbetweenpanelsasneededwhileeditingthefile.NochangesaresavedinanyofthepanelsuntilyouselectSaveo
rSaveAsfromtheFilemenu.
ToclosetheConnectionEditorwindow,selectCloseConnectionfromtheFilemenuorclicktheclosebuttoninthetopright
cornerofthewindow.
Related Topics:
AboutthisConnectionPanel
BasicC
CreatingC
onnectionFiles
DefaultV
aluesforNewConnectionFiles
Search Attributes
TheSearchAttributessectionofaconnectionf ilecontainsatablethatdefinesthevarioussearchoptionsforaparticulardatabase.
l Search Field Name: Thefirstcolumnidentifiesthenameofasearch.Thisisthewordorphrasethatappearsinthe
menusintheSearchdialog.
UseEndNotesGenericfieldnamesasthesearchfieldnameswheneverp
ossible.Doingsomakesiteasiertohavea
searchapplytovariouso
nlinesourcesandlocalEndNotelibraries.
EndNotespreconfiguredconnectionf ilesoftenuseparentheticaltextafterthesearchfieldnametoh
elpdescribethe
search,ifnecessary.Thisparentheticaltextisn
otconsideredpartofthesearchfieldnamewhenyouchangethefocusof
thesearchandEndNotelooksforamatchingsearchfieldname.(SeeChangingtheFocusoftheSearch.SeetheGenericreferencetypeforalistofGenericfieldnames.
l Attributes:Therestoftheitemsina
particularrowarethevarioussearchattributesthatcontrolwhatindexisbeingused
forthesearch,andhowthesearchtermisinterpreted.
What is an "attribute"?
AZ39.50search attributeisavalueusedtodefinethecharacteristicso
fasearchterm.Forexample,ifyoursearchtermis
"ebolavirus,"t hevariousattributeswouldbesenttotheserveralongwiththattermtotelltheserverwheretolookfor"ebola
virus"andwhatq
ualifiesasamatchingreference.
Available attributes, as defined by the Z39.50 standard, are:
1. Use:Theindextobesearched(suchasKeywords)
2. Relation:Therelationofthesearchtermtotheindex(suchasequal,greaterthan,orlessthan)
3. Position:ThepositionofthesearchtermintheMARCrecordfield(first,last,anywhere,andsoon)
4. Structure:Thestructureoftheterm,s uchasawordorphrase
5. Truncation:Availabletruncationoptionsu
sedtointerpretthesearchterm(forexample:righttruncation,wildcards,notruncation)
6. Completeness:Indicateswhetherornotthesearchtermshouldbethecompletes ubfieldintheMARCrecordcorrespondingtothefieldsearched
The"Use"attributeisthemostimportanthere,indicatingw
hichindexwillbesearchedtofindthesearchterm.Theotherattributesw illallhavevaryingdefaultvalues foreachonlinedatabase.Theseoptionsa
remostoftenleftblanktousetheservers
defaults,butthedefaultattributevaluescanbeoverriddenbyenteringanothervaluefortheattribute.
EachdatabasehasitsownsupportedsubsetofUseattributesandassociatedc ombinationsoftheotherattributes.Consultthe
configurationinformationfortheonlinedatabasetodeterminewhichvalues fortheseattributesa
resupported.ThomsonReuters
doesnotprovidethisinformation.Youw
illneedtoobtainitfromtheorganization(or"informationprovider")thatmaintainsthe
server.
Tip for Editing Search Attributes

Whenmodifyingthesearchattributesinaconnectionfile,itisusefultofirsttestthesearchwiththenewattributecombination
beforeactuallyc hangingtheconnectionfile.Youcandothisbyenteringthenewattributev aluesusingthecommand-linesearch
method.Thisletsyoutestnewattributecombinationswithouthavingtoeditandsavetheconnectionfile,andreconnecttothe
servereverytimeyouwanttotestamodification.
The Connection Settings

ClickConnectionSettingstoviewthepanelwhereallthedataisstoredtoestablishaconnection.TheConnectionSettingsinformationisrequiredforEndNotetobeabletoconnecttotheonlinedatabase.Thesetermsa
nddescriptionsarepartoftheZ39.50
standard.
Server Description:Thenameoftheinformationproviderorinstitution.EndNotedisplaysthisnameinthetitleoftheRetrieved
Referenceswindow,anditisalsolistedintheC
onnectionManagerwindow.Thisinformationisnotusedtoestablishthec onnection.
Server Address:Theserveraddressfortheonlinedatabase.ThiscanbeeitheranumericalIPa
ddressoradomainname.
Database Description:Thenameoftheonlinedatabase.ThisnameisdisplayedintheTitlebaroftheRetrievedR
eferenceswindowtohelpyouidentifythedatabasetowhichyouareconnected.Itisnotusedtoestablishtheconnection.
Database Name:Thecommandusedtos electthedatabaseontheremoteserver.Thisisoftenafourcharacterc ode.
Element Set Name:ThisisnormallyF

forFullorBforBrief.T
heElementSetNamedeterminestheamountofinformationthatis
providedb
ytheserverforeachretrievedreference.Notallserverssupportbotho
ptions,andthefields returnedforeachoption
alsovary.
Port ID:TheTCP/IPportattheserverthatisu
sedforaZ39.50connection.FormostZ39.50connections thisisport210.
Batch Download:EndNotetypicallyretrievesreferencesinbatches,forspeedandmemoryreasons.However,s omeservers
aretooslow,ortheirrecorddataistoolarge,tosupportbatchdownloads.Youwillneedtoturnbatchprocessingoffforsuch
sites.Ifyouarehavingtroubledownloadingfromasite,youcantrydeselectingthisoption.
Record Syntax:ManyformatsusedbyZ39.50serversaresupportedbyEndNote,suchasUNIMARC(UniversalMachineReadableCataloging),SUTRS(SimpleUnstructuredTextRecordSyntax),andOPAC(OnlinePublicAccessCatalog).Whenyou
createanewconnectionfile,itissetupfortheMARC21format.Forotherformats,thefiltersectionforconnectionfilesmustbe
constructedmanually.UNIMARCandOPACusevariationsoftheMARCformat(OPACcommonlyaddsholdingsdata).The
SUTRSformat,becauseitis"unstructured,"doesnothaveastandardformatamongdifferentdatabases.TheSUTRSformat
oftenusestags(suchas"AU"or"Author")toidentifythereferencedata.Checkwithyourdatabaseproviderfortheappropriate
settings.
Text:TheTextoptionisu
sedtospecifyhowEndNoteshouldinterprettheincomingtextcharacters.OptionsincludeANSEL,Unicode(UTF-8),Unicode(UTF-16),andmanyotherlanguagechoices.Ifyoudonothavethecorrectsetting,extendedcharacters
mayimportasasterisks,ormaybedroppedcompletely.Checkwithyourd
atabaseproviderfortheappropriatesetting.
Login Information Required:Thissectionisdividedintofourseparateoptions:UserI D,Password,GroupID,andCustom.
SelecttheoptionsrequiredtologintotheonlinedatabaseinordertohaveEndNotepromptyouforthatinformationwhenyouconnect.Youcanalsostoreyourpasswordand/orIDsintheconnectionfilesothatyoudonothavetoenterthemeachtimeyouconnect.SimplytypethepasswordorIDintotheboxprovided.
Note:Passwordsa
ndIDsmaybesavedintheconnectionfileforconvenience,butdosoatyourownrisk:passwordsarenot
protectedorencrypted.Ifsomeoneelsecopies orusesyourconnectionfile,theyw
illbeabletouseyourstoredpassword.
Custom ID Authentication String
SometimesadatabaseserverrequiresacustomformatforpresentingthepasswordandIDs.Forthesesituations,youmayskip
theregularpasswordorIDoption,checkthe"Custom"option,andenterthetextspecifiedbyyourserversZ39.50documentation.YoumayeitherenteryouractualpasswordandIDalongwiththetext,oruseoneofthefollowingplaceholdersto
haveEndNotepromptyouforthenecessaryitems:?PASSWORD,?USERID,?GROUPID.
Forexample,asystemmayrequirethatpasswordsbepresentedbyZ39.50clientsinthefollowingmanner:
pass=?PASSWORD/dla_ui=yes
Ifyouwantedtostoreyourpassword("abc123"forthisexample)itwouldlooklikethis:
pass=abc123/dla_ui=yes
Creating Connection Files

Creating Connection Files
Beforeyoubeginactuallycreatingormodifyingaconnectionfile,youm
ustobtaintheZ39.50clientconfigurationinstructionsfor
thedatabasey ouwanttoaccess.Contactyourlibrarianorinformationproviderforthisinformation.
Note:IfthedatabaseisnotavailableonaZ39.50server,youwillnotbeabletouseEndNotesO
nlineSearchfeaturetoaccess
itdirectly.Instead,usetheImportfeaturetoimportreferencesthathavebeendownloadedtotextfiles.
OnceyouhavetheZ39.50clientconfigurationinformationinhand,followthesestepstocreateanewconnectionfile:
Create the File and Enter the Basic Information
1. FromtheEditmenus electConnectionFiles,andthenselectNewConnectionFile.
2. ThenewConnectionFilewindowopenstodisplaytheAboutthisConnectioninformationpanel.Enteranycommentsor
descriptionshereforyourownuse.(Thesecommentsdonotaffecth
owtheconnectionfunctions.)
3. ClickontheConnectionS
ettingsoptionandentertheconnectioninformation.
4. ClickontheSearchA
ttributesoptiontomodifythedefaultsearchattributesifnecessary.
5. FromtheFilemenu,selectSaveAs.Namethenewc onnectionfileandsaveitinyourConnectionsfolder.
Test the Connection and Searching
6. FromtheToolsmenu,selectOnlineSearchandselecty ournewconnectionfile.Iftheconnectioncannotbeestablished,
checkthesettingsintheConnectionSettingspaneloftheconnectionf ile,saveyourchanges,andtryagain.
7. Iftheconnectionwasestablished,theSearchpanels houldopenautomatically.Enterasimplesearchtoseeifthesearch
attributeswerecorrectlyconfigured.IftheSearchdoesnotworkc orrectlyoritreturnsanerror,checktheSearchAttributes
settingsintheconnectionfile.(Ifyoumodifytheconnectionfileatthisp
oint,youmustsavetheconnectionfile,thenclose
theRetrievedR
eferenceswindow andreconnectinorderforyourchangestotakeeffect.)
Test the Filtering of Reference Data
8. Onceyouareabletoconnectandsearch,retrieveadozenorsoreferencestotesthowaccuratelytheyarefilteredintoEndNotereferences.Double-clickaretrievedreferencetoopenittoverifythatthedataareinthecorrectfields.
Notethatifyouarepayingforthereferencesyouretrieve,thesem
aynotcomethroughcorrectly,soitisbesttoretrieve
onlyafew.A
llreferencesretrievedaresavedtoac onnectionlogfile,sotheyarenotlost.Thislogfileisreplacedthenext
timeyourunEndNote.
9. IfthereferencedataisnotbeingcorrectlyfilteredintotheappropriatefieldsintheEndNotereferences,youwillneedto
comparethedownloadeddatatothefiltertemplatesinyourconnectionfile.
ClosetheRetrievedR eferenceswindowandopentheConnect.loglogfileina
wordprocessortoviewtheoriginalformat
oftheretrievedreferences.
FromtheEditmenu,selectConnectionFilesandselectEditConnectionF
iletoeditthenewlycreatedconnectionfile.
LookattheTemplatesp
aneloftheconnectionfileandcomparethetemplatestheretothereferencedataintheC onnect.logfile.Makechangesasnecessary.SeeIntroductiontoFiltersforinformationaboutmodifyingfilters.
Default Values for New Connection Files

Whencreatinganewconnectionfile,afewbasicsearchattributesaree
nteredbydefault.Itisnotguaranteedthatthesewill
work,aseachd
atabasemayonlysupportitsownsubsetoftheZ39.50attributes.
ConsulttheZ39.50clientconfigurationinstructionsfromyourinformationprovideroryourlibrariantosetuptheconnectionfilecorrectlyfortheonlinedatabaseyouwanttoaccess.
Default settings for a new connection file are:

Port ID:2
10
Element Set Name:F(Full)
Record Syntax:MARC21
Text:ANSEL
Search Fields (Use Attributes):AnyField(1016),Author(1003),Year(31),Title(4),Keywords(21),andAbstract(62).
Filter:M
ARC21filtersettingsareused. Allreferencesimportintothe"Book"referencetype.SeeFilterInformationto
importintoadditionalreferencetypes.
Related Topics:
BasicC
TheConnectionFileWindow
Using Z39.50 Command-Line Syntax

Note:ThistopicisintendedonlyforpeoplewhoarefamiliarwithZ39.50terminology andhaveaccesstotheZ39.50-clientconfigurationinformationfortheironlined
atabases. Theadvancedsearchstrategiesaredocumentedhereonlyform
oretechnical
EndNoteusers;thisknowledgeisnotrequiredforbasics earchingofonlinedatabases.Thesecommand-linesearchesdonot
workwithPubMedorWebofScience.
Itispossibletosetupasearchofanonlinedatabasethatisnots upportedbytheEndNoteSearchpanelortheconnectionfileyou
areusing.F
orinstance,ifyouknowabouttheZ39.50attributessupportedbytheo
nlinedatabase,youcanenteraZ39.50search
whichEndNotepasses directlytotheserver,withoutanytranslation.Thisletsyouusesearchesthata
renotalreadysupported
byyourconnectionfileandisusefulfortestingv arioussearchattributecombinationswhencreatingormodifyingaconnection
file.
Theseadvancedsearchesareentereddirectlyintothesearchlinejusta
syouwouldenterasearchterm.EndNoteignoresthe
searchmenufort hatitemwhenitdetectsthatyouhaveentereda
nadvancedsearch.Ifothersearchtermsareneeded,enter
themintot hesubsequentsearchlinesandselecttheappropriateAND,OR,orNOTc onnectors(justlikeanyothersearch).
Anadvancedsearchusesthefollowingformat:
\\searcht erm/ATTRIBUTETYPE/ATTRIBUTEVALUE
Thefirsttwocharacters(\\)tellEndNotethisisanadvancedsearchofanonlinedatabase.Thenextpart,uptotheampersand,is
thesearcht erm.ThenumbersoftheZ39.50attributetypeandvaluesfollow.Theya
reenteredfirstwithaslashandthenumber
fortheattributetype,thenaslash,andtheattributesvalue.Repeatthatpatternforasmanya
ttributesasyouwanttospecify.
Notallattributesneedtobeincluded.S
eeSearchAttributes.
Thefollowingisacommonsearchexamplethatshouldworkformostservers.T
hissearch,lookinginAnyFieldandusingthe
Containsoperator,shouldfindallreferencesinwhichthetitlebeginswith"child."
\\child/1/4/3/1/5/100
l AUseattribute(1)of4hasbeenspecified,s othesearchwillberestrictedtotheTitleforthisdatabase.
l APositionattribute(3)of1furthernarrowst hesearchbyhavingthesearchtermbefoundasthefirstwordinthefield.
l ATruncationattribute(5)of100specifiesn
otruncationatallsoonly"child"willbeseenasamatch,a
ndwordssuchas
"children"and"childhood"willn
ot.
Tip for Modifying Search Attributes

Ifyouwantedtotesthowvariationsofthesearchattributesettingsw
ouldimpactyoursearch,heresaneasywaytodoitwithouthavingtoedityourconnectionfile.
1. Withtheconnectionalreadyestablished,selectS
howConnectionStatus fromtheWindowmenu.Keeptheviewsetto
StatusMessages.
2. StartwithabasicsearchusingtheSearchpanel(withoutthecommand-linesyntax).Forexample,searchfor"child"inthe
Titlefield.
3. LookintheStatuswindow,andyouwillseewhicha
ttributesarebeingused.Forexample:
Searchingfor:[child/1/4/3/1/5/100].====Building
4. YoucancopythesearchcommandoutoftheStatusw indow,andpasteitontotheSearchpanel(remembertoaddthe"\\"
prefixtoidentifyitasacommand-linesearch),thenaddormodifytheattributevaluesasnecessary.
5. ClickSearchtotryoutyournewcombinationofa
ttributes.
6. Whenyouhavefoundacombinationofsearchattributest hatdoeswhatyouneed,edityourconnectionfileandmakethose
c hangestotheSearchAttributespanel.
Preferences, Toolbars, & Shortcuts

EndNote Preferences
Change Case Preferences
TheEndNotestylescanbeconfiguredtochangethecapitalizationoftheauthornamesortitles.UsetheChangeCasepreferencestolistthew
ords thatshouldnotbemodifiedwhenEndNotechangesthecaseoftitleso
rauthors.Thiscanbeusedfor
specialacronyms,equations,propernouns,o
rcompoundnamesthatrequireconsistentcapitalization.
Fortitles,thispreferenceisusedonlywhenanoutputstyleissetu
ptoapply"Headlinestylecapitalization"or"Sentences tyle
capitalization"(ratherthan"Leavetitlesasentered").F
orauthornames,thispreferenceisusedwhentheoutputstyleappliesa
capitalizationoptionotherthan"AsIs."
Toaccessthesesettings,gototheEditmenu,selectP
references,andthenclickonChangeCaseinthelistofpreferences.
Toaddwordstothelist:
l Entertheterminthetextboxatthetopofthedialog,andthenclickA
dd.
Toremoveanitemfromthelist:
l SelectthetermandclickRemove.
Display Fields Preferences

UsetheDisplayFieldspreferencestochoosewhichfieldstodisplayinEndNotesLibrarywindow.Thesesettingsapplytoall
librariesopenedo
nthecomputer.
Toaccessthesesettings,gototheEditmenu,s electPreferences,andthenclickDisplayFieldsinthelistofpreferences.
SelectthedesiredfieldfromeachFieldlist.YoumayselectuptotenfieldstodisplayintheLibrarywindow.Toshowfewerthan
tenfields,select[Donotdisplay]insteadofafieldname.
l FileAttachments
l Author
l Year
l Title
l Rating
l ReferenceType
l URL
l LastUpdated
Inmostcases,thecolumnheadingintheLibrarywindow isthesamea
stheGenericnameofthefield.Exceptionstothisrule
includetheF
igurefield,whichisindicatedbyafigureiconfig.h
eaderandtheFileAttachmentsfield,whichisheadedbyapaper
clipicon.IfyouwouldliketochangethenamefortheLibrarywindow display,enteranewnameintheHeadingcolumnnexttothe
chosenfield.
Display all authors in the Author field

IfyouwouldliketodisplayallauthornamesundertheAuthorheadingcolumninthelibraryreferencelist,selectthe"Displayall
authorsintheAuthorfield"checkbox.Forallnewinstallations,thisisthed
efaultsetting.
Display Fonts Preferences

TheDisplayFontspanelgivesyoutheoptionofchangingthefontsthatE
ndNoteusestodisplaymuchofthetextthroughoutthe
program.
Toaccessthesesettings,gototheEditmenu,s electPreferences,andthenclickDisplayFontsinthelistofpreferences.
Youcancontrolthefollowingdisplayfontsettings:
l Library:TheLibrarytabdeterminesthefontandsizeEndNotea
ppliestothereferenceslistedintheLibrarywindow.
l General:TheGeneraltabdetermines thefontEndNoteapplieswheny ouentertextinafieldintheReferenceandStyle
windows.ItalsodeterminesthefontEndNoteappliestotextthatyouviewintheP
reviewpanelandinformationpanelsor
whenyouprintandcopyb
ibliographicinformationfromEndNote.
l Labels:TheLabelstabdeterminesthefontandsizeEndNoteappliestotheReferencewindowfieldlabels.
l Search:TheSearchtabdeterminesthefontandsizeEndNoteapplieswhenyouentertextinafieldontheSearchpanel.
ChangesmadetothedisplayfontsapplytoallEndNotelibrariesopenedo
nthatcomputer.Theydonotaffectthefontusedwhen
youareformattingb
ibliographiesinawordprocessingdocument.Thenormalfontofthedocumentisusedforthat.
EndNoteu
sesUnicodetoencodes pecialcharacters,sothatdatacanb
eeasilytranslatedbetweenplatforms,programs,andlanguages.However,s omefontsdonotincludecertainUnicodecharacters.IfsomecharactersdonotdisplaycorrectlyinyourEndNotelibrary,werecommendswitchingthedisplayfonttoaUnicodefontorinstallingtheappropriatelanguagep
ack(see
DisplayingE
xtended/SpecialCharacters).
Tochangethelibrarydisplayfont:
1. FromtheEditm
2. ClicktheDisplayFontsoptioninthelist.
3. Clickthetabtoindicatewhichdisplayfontsettingyouwanttochange:L
ibrary,General,Labels,orSearch.
4. ClicktheChangeFontb
utton,andselectadifferentdisplayfontand/orsizefromtheFonta
ndSizelists.
5. ClickOKtoclosethefontselectiondialogandreturntotheDisplaysFontspreferencespanel.
Related Topics:
CiteWhileYouWriteP
references
EndNotePreferences
Shortcutst oMakeUsingEndNoteEasier
Duplicates Preferences
TheDuplicatespreferencespanelsetscriteriafortheFindDuplicatesc ommandontheReferencesmenu(thatcommandis
describedinFindingD
uplicateReferences).Thesesettingsarealsousedtohighlightord
iscardduplicatereferenceswhenretrievingreferencesfromanonlined
atabase.
references,andclickDuplicatesinthelistofpreferences.
Compare References
Bydefault,EndNoteidentifiesduplicatereferencesinalibraryasreferencesofthesamereferencetypewithmatchingAuthor,
Year,andTitlefields.UsethispaneltocustomizethewayEndNoteidentifiesduplicatereferences.
l Tos electthefields thatEndNoteshouldcomparewhenfindingduplicatereferences,clickinthecheckboxestotheleftofthe
fieldnames.
The"Generic"namesofthefieldsareusedhere.Fordetailsa
boutwhattheGenericfieldnamescorrespondtoforeachreference
type,s eeListofReferenceT
ypes.Youmayselectasmanyfieldsasyouwanttomaketheduplicated
etectionmoreorlessstringent.
Criteria Panel
Youmayalsosetthe"Criteria"tohaveEndNotecomparethef ieldsandlookforanexactmatchorbemorelenientinthecomparisona
ndignorespacingandpunctuation.
Online Search Results Panel
WhenyouselecttheAutomaticallyd
iscardduplicatescheckbox,EndNoteautomaticallydiscardsduplicatereferenceswhen
retrievingreferencesfromanonlinedatabase.Theduplicatesareneverinsertedintothelibrary.ThissettingapplieswhenyouperformasearchinIntegratedLibraryModeorOnlineSearchMode.
l IfyouareusingIntegratedLibrary&OnlineS
earchModewhenperforminganonlinedatabasesearch,itappliestothepermanentAllReferenceslibrary.
l IfyouareusingOnlineSearchModewhenperforminganonlinedatabasesearch,itappliestothetemporaryOnlineReferenceslibrary.
Note:Thesesettingsd
onotapplytothe"MergeDuplicatesinBibliography"settingdefinedinFormattingPreferences.Thed
uplicatesareneverinsertedintothebibliography.
Related Topics:
DiscardingD
uplicateReference
FindingD
uplicateReferences
EndNote Preferences
ThesettingsforconfiguringEndNotesdisplay,formattingpreferences,a
ndotheroptionsareorganizedinthePreferencessection
oftheEndNotep
rogram.
ToaccessEndNotepreferences:
2. Alistoftheavailablepreferencepanels a
ppearsontheleftsideofthewindow.Clickonthenameofapanelinthelistthat
correspondstothesettingyouwouldliketochange.
l ChangeCase
l DisplayFields
l DisplayFonts
l Duplicates
l EndNoteWeb
l FindFullText
l FolderLocations
l Formatting
l Libraries
l Read/Unread
l ReferenceTypes
l Sorting
l SpellCheck
l Sync
l TemporaryCitations
l TermLists
l URLs&Links
Saving or Discarding Your Changes

Allofthepreferencespanelshavethefollowingoptions:
l EndNoteDefaults:RevertsthesettingsforjustthecurrentpaneltotheoriginalEndNotesettings.
l RevertPanel:Removesanychangesmadetothec urrentpanelsinceitwaslastsaved.
l OK:Savesallchangestothepreferencesandcloses thePreferenceswindow.
l Cancel:Discardsallchangestothepreferencesa
ndclosesthePreferenceswindow.
l Apply:Savesandappliesallchangestothepreferences a
ndkeepsthePreferenceswindowopensothatyoucancontinue
tom
odifythepreferences asnecessary.
Where Preference Settings are Saved

Mostgeneralpreferencesares avedintheWindowsregistry.ThisincludesmanyEndNotePreferences,s ubjectbibliographysettings,andCiteWhileYouWritesettings.Somep
referencesarestoredinuser-specificfolders;thisallowsmultipleu
sersto
accessasinglelibrarywhilesavingeachuserspreferredsettings.T
hepreferencesfolderslistedbelowstorefilessuchasthe
connect.logfilecreatedduringanonlinesearch,theRefTypeTable.xmlfilethatcontainsreferencetypedefinitions,andaSearch
folderthatcontainssavedsearchstrategies.
Windows C:\DocumentsandSettings\[UserName]\ApplicationData\EndNote
Windows Vista and Windows 7:C:\Users\[UserName]\AppData\Roaming\EndNote
Find Full Text Preferences

Thispanelallowsyoucontroloverwhichsites,services,andtechnologyE
ndNoteuseswhenattemptingtofindthefulltextfora
reference.Youc anlimittheoptionsinordertospeeduptheFindFullTextoperation.
references,andthenclickFindFullTextinthelistofpreferences.
Thecheckboxesdeterminewhichpiecesofinformationwillbeusedfromy ourEndNotereferences.Theserepresentuniqueidentifiersforlocatinge
xactreferencematches.
Ifyourinstitutionallows accesstoanOpenURLserver,youcanconfigurethispaneltoallowEndNoteaccesstothesite.Select
theOpenURLcheckb
ox,andentertheOpenURLpathtodirecttotheonlinesite.Ifthesiterequiresauthenticationtoverify that
youareallowedaccess,youcane
nteranAuthenticationURL.TheAuthenticationURLsimply directstothesitesloginpage.
WhenyouattempttoFindFullText,youwillbed
irectedtothatpagetoenterauthenticationinformation(typicallyau
serIDand
password).
TolearnmoreaboutusingtheFindFullTextfeatureandaboutaddingaccesstoyourinstitutionslibrary,seeFindingFullTextfor
aReference.
Related Topics:
EndNotePreferences
FindingR
Linkinga
Openinga
LinkedFileorURL
Folder Locations Preferences

TheFolderLocationspreferencespaneliswhereyousetthepersonalfolderlocationsfornewormodifiedstyles,importfilters,
andconnectionf iles.
references,andthenclickFolderLocationsinthelistofpreferences.
Themanystyles,filters,a
ndconnectionfilesprovidedwithEndNoteareinstalledintheStyles,F
ilters,andConnectionsfolders
whicharelocatedintheEndNoteprogramf older.
C:\ProgramFiles\EndNoteX6\Styles
C
:\ProgramFiles\EndNoteX6\Filters
C:\ProgramFiles\EndNoteX6\Connections
Whenyoudisplayalistofstyles,filters,orconnectionfilesinEndNote,thelistiscompiledfromtwolocations:theinstallation
folderslistedaboveandyourpersonalfolders.
Note:Tochangethedefaultinstallationfolderfortheprovidedstyles,filters,anconnectionfiles,seeChangingtheDefaultContentFileLocation.
Initially,yourpersonalfoldersdonotexist;theyarecreatedoncey oucreateanewfileorsavechangestoanexistingfile.For
example,w
henyouopenanexistingstyleandmakechanges,youcannotSave,butmustselectSaveAs.Youcangivethefile
thesamenameoramodifiedn
ame,butthefileissavedtoyourpersonalStylesfolder.Thenexttimey ouviewalistofoutput
styles,youwillseeyourmodifiedstyle.Ify ougavethefileadifferentnamethantheoriginalfile,botharelisted.Ifyougavethe
filethesamenameastheoriginal,youwillseethemodifieds tylelisted,andnottheoriginalfile,althoughitstillresidesintheprogramfolder.
Whydowebotherwithpersonalfolders?Whynotsimplychangeoraddtotheinstallationfolders?Weimplementedpersonalfolderssothat:
l IfyoureinstallEndNoteforsomereason,youw illnotoverwriteamodifiedfilewiththesamename.(Weknowyoum
ay
havespenthoursgettingyourfilejustright,anddonotwanttorisklosingyourwork.)
l Whenyouupgradetoanewerv ersionofEndNote,youwillnotdeleteanewormodifiedfile.
l WhenyoudownloadEndNoteprogramupdates,youwillnotoverwriteamodifiedfile.
l Youcanwriteprotectasharedprogramfolder,yetstilluseyourowncustomizedstyles,filters,a
ndconnectionfiles.
l Youm
usthaveadministrativerightstomodifyfilesintheProgramFilesfolder.Formanyusers,thisisnotanoption,ornot
easilydone.F
orusersrunningWindowsVista,makingchangestofilesintheProgramFilesfolderisrestricted.
Bydefault,yourpersonalfoldersaresetto:
Windows XP:
C:\DocumentsandSettings\[UserName]\MyDocuments\EndNote\Styles
C:\DocumentsandSettings\[UserName]\MyDocuments\EndNote\Filters
C:\DocumentsandSettings\[UserName]\MyDocuments\EndNote\Connections
Windows Vista:
C:\Users\[UserName]\Documents\EndNote\Styles
C:\Users\[UserName]\Documents\EndNote\Filters
C:\Users\[UserName]\Documents\EndNote\Connections
Windows 7:
Tochangeyourpersonalfolderlocations:
2. ClickonFolderLocations.
3. Tochangeafolderlocation,clicktheSelectFolderb
utton.
4. Selectoropenthefolderthatyouwouldliketod
esignateasthenewStyle,Filter,orConnectionfolder,andthenc lick
SelectFolder.
Related Topics:
CiteWhileYouWriteP
references
EndNotePreferences
Formatting Preferences
TheFormattingpreferencespanelallowsyoutocontroltheformattingofbibliographyentriesinawordprocessorandwhetherEndNoteautomaticallyomitsduplicatereferences fromabibliography.
references,andthenselectFormattingfromthelistofpreferences.
Suggest formatting with EndNotes Cite While You Write if the document type is supported
WhiletheFormatPaperfeatureforRTFfilescanbeusedonmostwordprocessorfiles,werecommendthatyoualways useCite
WhileYouWriteforMicrosoftWorddocuments. Itismucheasierandallowsmorecontrola
ndoptionstogiveyoutheexactoutputyouwant.
Whenthisitemisselected,andyouattempttouseFormatPaperonad
ocumentthatcouldbeformattedwithCiteWhileYou
Write,amessagew
illappearrecommendingthatyouuseCiteWhileYouWrite.Yous tilluseFormatPaperifyouwish.
Omit Author and/or Year from Formatted Citation if Removed from Temporary Citation
EndNotesdefaultbehavioristoremovetheauthororyearfromtheformattedcitationifyouremoveeitherofthoseitemsfroma
temporary(unformatted)citation.Forexample,"{,1999#24}"wouldformatasjust"(1999)"whenusingastylethatcreates
(Author,Year)c itations.Ifyouprefertotypejusttherecordnumberintoyourpapersa
sthetemporarycitation,youshouldturnthis
preferenceoffsoEndNotew illnotremovetheauthorandyearfromallofyourformattedcitations.
Merge Duplicates in Bibliography
Whenyouselectthisoption,EndNoteautomaticallyomitsduplicatereferencesfromabibliography.Usethisoptionify ouarecitingreferencesfrommultipleEndNotelibrariesinonepaper.Inthissituation,thesamearticlereferencemightappearintwo
librariesandwouldhavetwodifferentrecordnumbers.EndNotewilln
otidentifytherecordsasduplicatesunlessyouhavethis
optionsettomergeduplicates.
Whenyouselectthisoption,EndNotechecksthebibliographyforduplicatereferencesduringtheformattingprocess.Ifduplicatesarefound,theya
reremoved.References areconsideredduplicatesiftheyarethesamereferencetype(suchasJournal
ArticleorBook)andthefollowingfields a
reidentical:Author,Year,Title,SecondaryTitle(Journal,Newspaper,Magazine,Book
Title,SeriesTitle,ConferenceName,andsoon),Volume,Issue,andPages.
Note:TheDuplicatesP
referencessettingsdonotapplytothisfeature.Thecriteriafordeterminingd
uplicatesisfixedforthe
"MergeDuplicatesinBibliography"s etting.
Related Topics:
CiteWhileYouWriteP
references
EndNotePreferences
OmittingA
Libraries Preferences
references,andthenclickLibrariesinthelistofpreferences.
Choosing a Library to Open
UsetheLibrariespreferencessectiontospecifywhichlibrariesshouldo
penbydefaultwhenyoustartEndNote.First,usethe
drop-downlistt ochoosefromtheseoptions:
l Openthemostrecentlyusedlibrary
l Openthespecifiedlibraries
l Prompttoselectalibrary
l Donothing
IfyouopttoOpenthespecifiedlibraries,youmustlistthosespecifiedlibrarieshere.Toaddalibrarytothelist:
1. Ifthelibraryisnotalreadyopen,closethepreferencesd
ialogandopenthelibrary.DothisbyselectingOpenfromtheFile
menu,andthenselectingthedesiredlibrary.
2. ReturntotheLibrariessectionofthePreferencesdialog,andclickAddOpenLibrariestoaddallopenlibrariestothelist.
Toremovealibraryfromthislist,selectitintheLibrariespanel,andthenclickRemoveLibrary.
Ofcourse,onceEndNoteisstarted,youcanalwaysopenalibrarybys electingOpenfromtheFilemenu.
Displaying the Library Name with Each Reference
Clickthe"ShowLibraryNameinReferenceW
indow"checkboxifyouwantthelibrarynametoappearatthetopofeachReferencewindow.
Related Topics:
CiteWhileYouWriteP
references
EndNotePreferences
Read / Unread Preferences

UsethesesettingstoapplyReadorUnreadstatustagstoyourreferencesinordertotrackyourresearch.
Toaccessthesesettings,gototheEditmenu,s electPreferences,andthenclickRead/Unreadinthelistofpreferences.
Mark as read upon viewing a reference in the Reference window
Bydefault,EndNotechangesthestatusofareferencefromUnreadtoR eadafteryouviewareferenceintheReferencewindow.
Ifyouclearthecheckbox,thestatusofanUnreadreferenceremainsthesameafteryouviewareferenceintheReferencewindow.
Mark as read upon viewing a reference in the Reference, PDF Viewer, or Preview Panels
Bydefault,EndNotechangesthestatusofareferencefromUnreadtoR eadafteryouviewareferenceintheReference,Preview,
orPDFViewerpanels.
Ifyouclearthecheckbox,thestatusofanUnreadreferenceremainsthesameafteryouviewareferenceintheReference,Preview,orPDFViewerpanels.
Mark as read upon rating change
Ifyouselectthischeckbox,EndNotechangesthestatusofareferencefromUnreadtoReadafteryouchangetheRatingofthe
referencefromtheReferencelistortheReferencewindow.
Ifyouclearthecheckbox,thestatusofanUnreadreferenceremainsthesameafteryouchangetheRatingofthereference.
Read / Unread Features
l AllnewreferencesaremarkedasUnreadbydefault.
l Bydefault,thefirstcolumnintheLibrarywindowdisplaysaReadorUnreadindicator.Youcanchangetheorderofthefieldsin
thecolumnheadingsoftheLibrarywindow.SeeDisplayFieldsPreferencesformoreinformation.
l EachreferencehaseitheraReadoranUnreadstatus.ClickingtheUnreadbuttonchangesthestatetoRead.Clickingthe
ReadbuttonchangesthestatetoUnread.
l EndNoteautomaticallysavesthestatusofareferencewheneveryouchangethestatusfromReadtoUnreadorviceversa.
l YoucanselectmultiplereferencesfromtheReferencelistandchangethestatus oftheselectedreferencesfromReadto
Unreadorvice-versa.
l AreferencechangestoanUnreadstatusifyoueditafieldineithertheReferencepanelortheReferencewindow.
l IntheLibrarywindow,thetextofareferencewithanUnreadstatusappearsinbold.ThetextofareferencewithaRead
statusappearsinnormalfont.
Reference Types Preferences

UsetheReferenceTypespreferencespaneltocustomizeyoursettingsforthefields(suchasAuthor,Year,andTitle)andreferencetypes(sucha
sJournalArticleorBook)thatareusedbyEndNote.Anychangesthaty oumakeinthispanelapplytoallof
thelibrariesthatopenonthec omputer.
references,andthenclickReferenceTypesinthelistofpreferences.
Default Reference Type

WhenyoucreateanewreferenceinyourEndNotelibrary(byselectingN ewfromtheReferencesmenu),thenewreferenceisset
upforajournala
rticlebydefault.Ifyouwouldratherhavenewreferencesautomaticallya
ppearasbooks,patents,orsomeother
referencetype,changethe"DefaultR eferenceType"setting:
l ClicktheDefaultReferenceTypelistandchoosefromoneoftheavailablereferencetypes.
Ifyouneedareferencetypethatisnotinthelist,youwillneedtocreateareferencetypeforitanddefineityourself(seeCustomizingR
eferenceTypes).
Defining Reference Types

Ifyouneedtomodify anyofEndNotesfields orreferencetypes,clicktheModifyReferenceTypesbutton.ThisopenstheEndNoteReferenceTypesp
referencewhereyoucanadd,delete,andrenameEndNotesreferencetypesa
ndfields.
SeeCustomizingR
eferenceTypesformoreinformationaboutreferencetypesandhowtocustomizethem.
SeeFindandReplaceforinformationa
boutchangingareferencetype.
Reference Type Table

YoucanusetheExportandImportbuttonstoshareacustomizedreferencetypetablewithanotherEndNoteuser.SeeSharing
YourReferenceTypeTableforstep-by-stepinstructions.
Note: Replacinga
notheruser'sRefTypeTable.xmlfileoverwritesallchangestohis/hercurrentReferenceTypestable.
Related Topics:
AboutthePredefinedReferenceTypes
CiteWhileYouWriteP
references
EndNotePreferences
ListofReferenceTypes
Sorting Preferences
WhenEndNotesortsauthornamesandtitles,youcanidentifywhatwordso
rnamestoignoreforsortingpurposes.
Toaccessthesesettings,gototheEditmenu,selectPreferences,andthenclickSortinginthelistofpreferences.
Toaddwordstobeignoredforsorting:
l Entertheterminthetextboxbeloweitherthe"AuthorFields"o
r"TitleFields"prompt,andclickAdd.
Toremoveatermfromeitherlist:
l SelectthetermandclickRemove.
ClickEndNoteDefaultstorevertbothliststothedefaultsettings.
Note:Ifthetermy ouenterappearsastheonlywordinanAuthororTitlefield,itwillnotbeignoredasastopwordinthatcase,
andwillbeusedforsorting.
Authors
TheAuthorFieldslistisdesignedsothatyoumayenterpartsofauthorn
amesthatmaybeomittedforsortingpurposes.Forexample,prepositionsinnamessuchas"von,""van,"and"de"a
reincludedaspartofthelastname,butnotconsideredpartofthe
nameforsortingpurposes.TheentriesintheAuthorFieldslistarecases ensitive;thatis,ifyouenter"von"itappliesonlyto"von"
a
ndnot"Von."
Forcontractions,donotentertheapostropheinthestoplist.So,fortheauthorname"DAngelo,y oucouldenterDtothestoplist,
withouttheapostrophe,tosortthenameasAngelo.
ThesesettingsapplytotheGenericfieldsforAuthor,SecondaryAuthor,T
ertiaryAuthor,andSubsidiaryAuthor.Nonamesare
enteredbydefault.
Titles
WhentermsareaddedtotheTitleFieldslist,thesortingroutineignorest hemwhentheyappearatthestartofthetitle.Capitalizationdoesnotmatterforthesewords.Thatis,theword"the"canbeentered(lowercase)andstillapplyto"The."
Forcontractions,donotentertheapostropheinthestoplist.So,fortheterm"l'avenir"youwouldenter"L"tothestoplist,without
theapostrophe,tosortas"avenir."
ThesesettingsapplytotheGenericfieldsforTitle,SecondaryTitle(includestheJournalfield),TertiaryTitle,ShortTitle,andAlternateTitle.Thewords"a,""an,"and"the"aree
nteredasdefaults.
Note:Whenyouc losethePreferencepanelandreturntoyourlibrarylist,youmustresorty ourreferencestobuildanewsortthat
usesyourrevisedlist.Youcand
othisbyclickingonacolumnheader,orbyusingtheReferences>S
ortReferencescommand.
Related Topics:
CiteWhileYouWriteP
references
EndNotePreferences
SortingtheLibrary
Spell Check Preferences

OntheSpellCheckpreferencespanel,youcansetgeneralspellcheckOptionsandselectormodifyDictionaries.Forgeneral
informationabouth
owtostartspellcheckingarecord,seeStartingS
pellCheck.
Toaccessthesesettings,gototheEditmenu,selectPreferences,andthenclickSpellCheckinthelistofpreferences.
General Options
YoucanaccesstheseSpellCheckOptionsfromtheEndNotePreferencesSpellCheckpanelorfromthedialogthatappears
whenyourunSpellCheck.C licktheOptionsbutton.
1. Selectthecheckboxnexttoeachitemyouwanttoapplyduringspellchecking.
2. SelectaMainDictionarylanguagefromthelisto
favailabledictionaries.
Foreachlanguage,EndNoteusesacombinationofdictionaryfileslocatedinEndNotesSpellfolder.Selectyourprimary
language.Ifyouwanttoapplyadditionallanguagedictionaries,seeAddinganExistingD
ictionarybelow.
3. Decidehowfastandaccurateyouwantspellcheckingtowork.
4. ClickOKtosavethechanges.
Modifying Dictionaries
YoucanaccesstheDictionariespreferencesfromtheEndNotePreferencesS
pellCheckpanelorfromthedialogthatappears
whenyourunSpellCheck.C licktheDictionariesbutton.
Usethisdialogtovieworeditthecontentofexistingdictionaries,t oaddexistingdictionariesforuse,tocreatenewdictionaries,
andtoremovedictionaries.ThedictionarieslistedunderFilesarecurrentlyinuse(inadditiontotheMainDictionaryselected
underOptions).
Tomodifydictionaries:
1. UnderFiles,selectthedictionaryfileyouwanttoviewormodify.
l Ifitisalreadyinthelist,simply selectit.
l Ifyouneedtolocateanexistingfiletouse,u
setheAddFilebuttontolocatethefileonyourcomputerandaddittothelist.
Bydefault,dictionariesarekeptinEndNotesSpellfolder.
l Tocreateanewdictionary,clickNewFile.
l Toremoveadictionary,displaythefilenameinthelistandclickRemoveFile.Thisremovesadictionaryfromu
se,but
doesnotdeletetheactualdiskfile.
2. Thewordsintheselecteddictionaryappearinthetoplist.
l Toaddawordtotheselecteddictionary,typeitunderWordsandclickAddWord.
l Todeleteawordfromtheselecteddictionary,s electthewordandclickDeleteWord.
l TochangetheActionappliedtoaword,selectthewordandthenpickthenewActionfromthelist.
Adding an Existing Dictionary

YoumayhaveselectedEnglish(oradifferentlanguage)asyourMainD
ictionaryLanguage,butwanttoapplyanadditionallanguageduringspellc hecking.
1. OntheDictionariesdialog,clicktheAddFileb
utton.
2. InEndNotesSpellfolder,locatethedictionaryfileyouwanttouseandOpenit.Thedictionaryisaddedtothelistu
nder
Files.
Importing/Exporting a Dictionary
TheDictionariesdialogincludesImportandExportbuttons.
UseImporttolocateandimportaplaintextfileoftermsintothec urrentdictionary.Thetextfileshouldcontainalistofterms,with
e
achtermonitsownline.Ifyouaretypingthelistintoatextfile,m
akesureeachtermisfollowedbyacarriagereturn,including
thelastterminthelist.Ifyouarecreatingthelistinawordprocessor,makes uretouseSaveAstosavethefileasplaintext.If
yourtermscontaine
xtendedcharacters,savewiththeUnicode(UTF-8)encodingoption.
UseExporttosavealltermsfromadictionarytoaplaintextfile,w
hereeachtermstartsonanewline.
Dictionaries Supplied with EndNote

ThesedictionariesaresuppliedwithEndNote.Whenyouselectthemaind
ictionarylanguage,acombinationoffilesareloaded,
includingfilesn
otlistedhere.
Whenyouwanttoaddadditionallanguages,findtheDictionaryyouwanttousefromtheleftcolumn,thenlookforthecorrespondingFileName.W
henyouAddadictionary,lookfortheappropriateFileNameinEndNotesS
pellfolder.
Dictionary List
Dictionary
UserDictionary:ContainsE
nglishwords
UserDictionary:Containsc ommonEnglishmisspellingsand
theircorrectreplacementsfora
utocorrection
UserDictionary:Sampleuserdictionary
AmericanEnglish
AmericanEnglishMedical
BritishEnglish
BritishEnglishMedical
Danish
Dutch
Finnish
French(EuropeanandCanadian)
German
Italian
Norwegian(Bokmal)
Portuguese(Brazilian)
Portuguese(Iberian)
Spanish
Swedish
File Name
accent.tlx
correct.tlx
userdic.tlx
ssceam.tlx
sscema.tlx
sscebr.tlx
sscemb.tlx
ssceda.tlx
sscedu.tlx
sscefi.tlx
sscefr.tlx
sscege.tlx
ssceit.tlx
sscenb.tlx
sscepb.tlx
sscepo.tlx
sscesp.tlx
sscesw.tlx
RelatedTopics
CiteWhileYouWritePreferences
EndNotePreferences
ShortcutstoMakeUsingE
ndNoteEasier
SpellChecking
StartingSpellCheck
Sync Preferences
ThisdialogsavessubscriptioncredentialsandsyncsettingstoautomatetheprocessofsynchronizingyourEndNotelibrarywith
yourEndNoteWeblibrary.
YoucansetyourSyncpreferencessothat:
l Youdonothavetoe
ntery oure-mailaddressandpasswordeachtimeyousynchronizeyourreferencesbetweenE
ndNote
andEndNoteWeb.
l YoucanupdateyourEndNotelibrarywithyourEndNoteWeblibrarywheneveryouopenorclosey ourdefaultEndNote
library.
l YoucanhaveEndNoteautomaticallybegintheSyncprocessevery15,30,o
r60minutes(ormanuallyifyouprefer).
YoumustfirstregisterandhaveanactiveEndNoteWebaccounttoinitiatetheSyncprocess.Registrationisfastandeasyand
activatesyourtwo-yearEndNoteWebaccount.Whencompleted,E
ndNoteautomaticallyproceedswiththeSyncprocessand
updatesy ournewEndNoteWeblibrarytomatchthegroups inyourEndNotelibrary.
ToaccessSyncPreference,gototheEditmenu,selectPreferences,andthenclickSyncinthelistofpreferences.
Enable Sync Button
YourpurchaseofEndNoteX6entitlesyoutoatwo-yearfrees ubscriptiontoEndNoteWebouronlineversionofEndNotedesktop.
1. ClicktheEnableSyncbuttontogotoanEndNoteWebLogindialog.
2. Enteryoure-mailaddress.
4. PressOK.
addressandp
asswordthatyouenteredontheEndNoteWebLogindialog.Latery oucanchangethedatainthesef ieldsifyou
everchangeyoure-mailaddressorpassword.
IfyoudonothaveanEndNoteWebaccount,thenyoumustcreateone.R
egistrationisfastandeasyandactivatesyourtwo-year
EndNoteWeba
ccountwhencompleted.
1. ClicktheEnableSyncbuttontogotoanEndNoteWebLogind
ialog.
2. ClicktheSignUpbuttontogotoaUserRegistrationdialog.
3. Enteryoure-mailaddressintheUserRegistrationdialog.Retypeyoure-mailaddress,andthenclicktheContinuebutton.
4. EnteryourpersonalinformationintherequiredfieldsonthenextUserRegistrationform.Forexample,enteryourname,a
5. ClicktheIAgreebuttontocompletetheregistrationprocessandtobeginsynchronizingyourEndNoteWeblibrarywithyour
EndNotelibrary.
ndNotepopulatesthefields ontheSyncPreferencespagewithyoure-mail
addressandpasswordthatyouenteredduringregistration.L
ateryoucanchangethedatainthesefieldsifyoueverchangey our
e-mailaddressorpassword.
Note:WerecommendthatyoucreateacompressedlibrarybackupthefirsttimethatyouinitiatetheSyncprocess.S
eeSaving
aC
ompressedCopyofaLibraryformoreinformation.
SeeTheLibraryW
indowforinformationonhowtoinitiatetheSyncprocessfromthelibrarytoolbar.
EndNote Web Account Credentials Panel
OnceyouregisterandactivateyourEndNoteWebaccount,youcaneditthefields intheEndNoteWebAccountCredentials
panel.
l Enteryoure-mailaddress.EndNoteusesy oure-mailaddresstoverifyyouridentification.
l EnteryourEndNoteWebpassword.
EndNoteusesthesecredentialstoaccessyourEndNoteWeblibrary.O
nceyousavethisinformation,youwillnothavetoenterit
again.E
ndNotesavestheinformationuntilthenexttimeyouaccessSyncP
referencesanddecidetomakechanges.
Sync this EndNote Library Panel
EnterthenameoftheEndNotelibrarythatyouwanttosynchronizew
ithyourEndNoteWeblibrary.
IfthisfieldisblankwhenyoufirstaccessedSyncPreferences,EndNotew
illpopulatethefieldwiththepathandfilenameofthe
currentlyopenedEndNotelibrary.
Note:ThisfieldisnotactiveuntilyouregisterandcreateanEndNoteWebaccount.
Sync Automatically Check Boxes
l When I open the library:ThisoptiontellsEndNotet osynchronizethereferencesinyourEndNotelibrarywiththereferencesinyourE
ndNoteWeblibrarywhenyouopenupthelibraryspecifiedinthe"SyncthisEndNoteL
ibrary"f ield.
l When I close the library:Theselectedcheckboxisadefaults etting.ThisoptiontellsEndNotetosynchronizethereferencesinyourEndNotelibrarywiththereferencesinyourEndNoteWeblibrarywhenyouopenupthelibrarys pecifiedin
the"SyncthisEndNoteLibrary"field.
l Every 15 minutes:Theselectedcheckboxisad
efaultsetting.Youcanchangethetimesettingto30,60minutes,ormanualtosetu
patimewhenEndNoteshouldbegintheSyncprocess.
EndNote Defaults and Revert Panel Buttons
SeeEndNoteP
referencesforadescriptionoftheEndNoteDefaultsandRevertP
anelb
uttons.
Related Topics:
Overviewo
fEndNoteWeb
ResolveS
yncConflicts
SettingupanEndNoteWebAccount
Temporary Citations Preferences

Toaccessthesesettings,gototheEditmenu,s electPreferences,andthenclickTemporaryCitationsinthelistofp
references.
A"temporarycitation"isanunformattedcitationthatEndNoteinsertsintoyourwordprocessingdocumentwhenyouusetheFind
Citation(s)o
rInsertCitation(s)commandfromWordsT
oolsmenu,orwhenyoucopyandpasteacitationintoadocument.You
canalsotypetemporarycitationsintoyourdocument.ThetemporarycitationisaplaceholderthatEndNotelaterchangestoaformattedc itation,suchas(SmithJ ones,1999).
Bydefaultatemporarycitationincludesthefirstauthorslastname,theyear,andtheEndNoterecordnumber,enclosedincurly
braces:
{Smith,1999#24}
Ifnecessary,youcanchangethetemporarycitationdelimitersusingthesettingsinthispanel.
Temporary Citation Delimiters

Curlybracesareusedbydefaulttoindicatethestartandendofeachtemporarycitation.Ifyoucommonlyusecurlybracesinyour
writing,y oumightwanttoselectadifferentpairofmarkersforEndNotetousea
sTemporaryCitationDelimiters.
EnterthedesiredmarkersintotheappropriateboxesatthetopoftheT
emporaryCitationspreferencespanel.
Note:Ifyouwillb
eusingEndNoteWebtoCiteWhileYouWrite,youmustusethedefaultc urlybracesascitationdelimiters.
Record Number Marker

Thenumbersign(#)always precedestherecordnumberinanEndNotetemporarycitation.Youmaychangethisbyentering
anothercharacterintheRecordNumberMarkerbox.
TheEndNoterecordnumberisauniquenumberassignedtoeachreferencea
sitisaddedtoalibrary.Thenumberisspecificto
thatreferenceinthatparticularlibrary.Ifyouarecollaboratingwithotherwritersw
hohavetheirownEndNotelibraries(ordonot
haveanEndNotelibrarya
tall),youmightfinditeasiertoreplacetheRecordNumberinthetemporarycitationwithsomethingthat
uniquelyidentifiesthereferenceb
utisnotspecifictoyourEndNotelibrary.Todoso,selectthe"Usef ieldinsteadofrecord
number"optionandselectfromtheLabelf ield,theAccessionNumberfield,orthePagesfield.
l TheLabelfieldcanbeusedtomanuallyentera
nyuniquecodethatyouwouldliketouseforeachrecord.
l TheAccessionNumberfieldisdesignedtocontaintheuniquerecordnumberassignedtoareferencefromanonlinedatabase.
l ThePagesfieldcancontainauniquepagenumbero
ranotheruniquenumberforeachrecord.
Note:Ify ouhaveselectedtheLabel,AccessionNumber,orPagesfield,andthatfieldisemptyinaparticularreference,theRecordNumberwillappearinthetemporarycitation.
Citation Prefix Marker

TheCitationPrefixMarkerseparatesprefixtextinacitationfromthecitationitself.Forexample,ifyouwantedacitationformattedas:
(seealsoSmith,1999)
youwouldenterthetextintothetemporarycitationasfollows,witht he"\"indicatingtheendoftheprefix textandthestartofthe

citation:
{seealso\Smith,1999#24}
IfyouprefertouseadifferentcharacterastheCitationPrefix Delimiter,y oumayenteritinthispreferencespanel.Semicolons(;),
letters,numbers,a
ndcharactersalreadyusedasotherdelimitersmaynotbeusedfortheC itationPrefix Delimiter.
Note:Whenyouu
seCiteWhileYouWritesEditCitationcommandtoaddprefixtext,theC
itationPrefixMarkerisautomatically
insertedaspartofthetemporaryc itation.
Including Notes in the List of References

Somejournalstyles(suchasScience)permityoutoincludenoteswiththelistofworkscitedattheendofthedocument.Insuch
asystem,thenotesarenumberedjustlikethecitations,andincludedinthereferencelistintheorderofappearance,justlikethe
references.
Toidentifytexttobeincludedasanumberednoteinthereferencelist:
1. Typet hetextintothebodyofyourdocumentwhereyouwouldwantthenumberforthenotetoappear.
2. BesuretosurroundtheentiresectionoftextwithyourTemporaryCitationD
elimiters(curlybraces bydefault),andbeginit
with"NOTE:".F
orexample:
{NOTE:Theauthorswouldliketoacknowledge
thesupportof...}
WhenthepaperisformattedbyEndNoteusinganumberedstyle,thetextisassignedanumberandlistedalongwiththereferencesattheendofthepaper.
Note:WithCiteW
hileYouWrite,youcansimplygotoWords Toolsmenu,gototheEndNoteX
6submenu,andselectInsert
Note.
ThewaythatthesenotesareidentifiedmaybechangedintheTemporaryC
itationspreferences.Enteraprefixthatyouwouldlike
tousetosignalthatthetextshouldbetreatedasanote.
Restrictions on the Use of the "NOTE" Feature

l Thisfeaturerequiresthatanumberedstyleb
eusedfortheformatting;otherwise,thenotewillbeleftasitw
asenteredin
thebodyofthetext.
l Entertextonly.Donotattempttoinsertgraphics,e
quations,orsymbolsasnotetext.
l Donotusethetemporarycitationdelimitersaspartofthetextofthenote.Othermarkers,suchastherecordn
umber
markerandtheprefixmarkerandthemultiplecitationseparatormaybeused.
l Thesetypesofnotescannotbecombinedwithregulartemporarycitationswithinthesamesetofbrackets.Theys houldbe
citedseparatelyeachinitsownsetofbrackets.
Related Topics:
CiteWhileYouWriteP
references
ComponentsofaTemporaryC itation
EndNotePreferences
NotesA
Term Lists Preferences

references,andclickonTermListsinthelistofpreferences.
Bydefault,everynewEndNotelibraryhasthreetermlistsassociatedw ithit:Authors,Journals,andKeywords.Thetermlistsare
automaticallyu
pdatedasyouenterreferencesintoyourlibrary.Thetermsintheselistsarealsousedtofacilitatedataentryusing
the"SuggestTermsa
sYouType"feature.Thisfeaturesuggeststermsasyoutypeintofieldswithtermlistslinkedtothem.For
example,asyoutypeintotheA
uthorfield,EndNotesuggestsauthornamesfromyourAuthorstermlisttohelpyouwithdata
entry.Whenyouenteranewtermthatisnotcurrentlyintheassociatedtermlist,itappearsinredtexttoindicatethatitisanew
term.Thiscanpointouttypingmistakesortheuseofanincorrectk eywordifyouthoughtyouwereenteringanameoratermcommonlyusedinyourlibrary.
Anyofthetermlistsettingsdescribedabovecanbeturnedoffusingt hesettingsfortheTermListspreferences.
Suggest Terms as You Type (Auto-Completion)
Whenselected,EndNotewillautomaticallycompletematchingtermswheny ouaretypingintoafieldthatislinkedtoatermlist
(seeInsertingTermsintoReferences).
Ifyouturnthisfeatureoff,youmaystillinserttermsintoafieldbyopeningthedesiredtermlistfromtheToolsmenuanddoubleclickingthedesiredterm.
Update lists when importing or pasting references
Whenthisoptionisselected,thetermlistsareautomaticallyupdateda
syouimportreferences(usingtheImportcommandfrom
theFilemenu),d
rag-and-dropreferences,orPastereferencesintoyourlibrary.Ifyouturnthisoptionoff,youcanalways manuallyupdateyourtermlistsbys electingDefineTermListsfromtheToolsmenu,highlightingatermlist,a
ndclickingUpdateList
(seeManuallyU
pdatingTermLists).
Update lists during data entry
Whenthisoptionisselected,thetermlistsareautomaticallyupdateda
syoutypeinnewreferencedata.Ifyouturnthisoptionoff,
youcana
lwaysmanuallyupdateyourtermlistsbyselectingDefineTermListsfromtheToolsmenu,highlightingatermlist,and
clickingUpdateList(seeManuallyUpdatingT
ermLists).
Related Topics:
CiteWhileYouWriteP
references
EndNotePreferences
URLs & Links Preferences

references,andclickonURLs&Linksinthelistofpreferences.
Connection Log File

WhenyouusetheOnlineSearchcommandtoconnecttoanonlinedatabase,E
ndNotekeepsacopyofalloftheretrievedreferencesforthatsessionintheconnectionlogfile(thefilenameis"Connect.log").Thishappensbydefault,b
utyoumayturnthis
optionoffbyclearingthe"UseLogFile"option.
Werecommendkeepingtheoptionturnedonbecauseintheeventthatthereferenceswerenotcorrectlyretrievedorfilteredinto
EndNote,y oucanalwaysadjustthefilterintheconnectionfile,andimporttheC
onnection.logfileinsteadofredoingthesearch
anddownload(seeG
eneralImportingI nstructions).
Bydefault,theConnection.logfileisstoredinthefolder:
Windows XP:C:\DocumentsandSettings\[UserName]\ApplicationData\EndNote
Windows Vista: C:\Users\[UserName]\AppData\Roaming\EndNote
Windows 7:C:\Users\[UserName]\AppData\Roaming\EndNote
YoumaychangethenameandthelocationoftheC onnect.logfilebyclickingtheChoosebutton.Inthedialogt hatappears,enter
anewnameforthefile(ifdesired),andselectthen
ewlocationforthefile.
ISI Base URL

WhenyouexportreferencesfromW
ebofSciencetoEndNote,E
ndNotecreatesa"GotoISI"linkintheURLfieldofeachreference.Theselinkstakeyoubacktothesourcerecordwhereyoucanfindrelatedreferences,timescited,andotherinformation.
IfyouhaveupgradedfromanearlierversionofEndNote,youmayneedtoclickEndNoteDefaultstoupdatetheISIBaseURLto
thelatestsetting
IfyourinstitutionusesalocallymountedversionofWebofScience,y oushouldentertheURLforthatserverhereinEndNotes
ISIBaseURLpreference.Otherwise,thelinks inreferencesdownloadedfromWebofSciencewilltakeyoutothemainWebo
f
Scienceserverwhereyoumightnothaveaccess.
OpenURL Arguments
TheURL>OpenURLLinkcommandontheReferencesmenustarts yourd
efaultwebbrowseranddisplaysthefulltextarticle(if
available)p
lusalistoflinkstosimilararticles.ItconnectstoanOpenURLs tandardsyntaxserverandusestheseOpenURLpreferencesalongwithdatainyourEndNoterecordtofindrelatedonlinereferences.
Note:Thiscommandh
asnorelationtotheURLfieldfoundinEndNotereferencesortheURL>
OpenLinkcommandontheReferencesmenu(whichopensthespecificU
RLfoundintheURLfield).
Weincludeadefaultargumenttosearchforrelatedonlinerecords.Y
oucanusethisargumentasasyntax exampleifyouwishto
enteryouro
wnargumentshere.
Note:Remember,y oucanrevertbacktotheEndNotedefaultsatanytimebyclickingEndNoteD
efaults.
Attached Files
WhenyouselectFileAttachments>AttachFilefromtheReferencesm
enutoinsertalinktoafile,youhavetwooptionsavailable
toyou.Y
oucan:
l Insertthefileasarelativelink.
Inthiscase,EndNotemakesacopyoftheo
riginalfileandplacesitintheDATA\PDFfolderthatispartofyourEndNote
database.EndNotewillalwaysbeabletoaccessthefile,evenwhenyoushareyourdatabasewithacolleague.H owever,
ifyouedittheoriginalfileonyourcomputer,thosechangesw
illnotbereflectedinEndNote.Youwouldneedtoclearthe
filefromy ourEndNotereferenceandreinsertthefile.
l Insertthefilewithanabsolutep
ath.
Inthiscase,EndNotewillalwayslookintheoriginalfolderfortheinsertedfile.Thiscanbehelpfulifyoup
lantoeditthe
originalfile,andyouwantthosechangesreflectedwheny ouaccessthefilefromwithinEndNote.However,ifyouever
movethefilefromtheoriginalfolder,EndNotewillnotbeabletoaccessitunlessy ouclearthefilefromyourEndNotereferenceandreinsertitfromthen
ewfolderlocation.Ifyousendyourdatabasetoacolleague,thefilew
illnotbeavailable.
Bydefault,thecheckboxtitled"Copynewfileattachmentstothedefaultfileattachmentfolderandcreatearelativelink"is
selected,sothatEndNotewillcopylinkedfilestotheDATA\PDFf older.Youcandeselectthisboxinordertosaveabsolute
paths.Youc analways overridethisdefaultsettingonthefiledialogwhenyouareinsertingafile.
FindFullTextalwayssavesfilestothedefaultattachmentfolderandc reatesrelativelinks.
Related Topics:
CiteWhileYouWriteP
references
EndNotePreferences
FindingR
Linkinga
Openinga
LinkedFileorURL
Microsoft Word CWYW Preferences

Cite While You Write Preferences
YoucanaccesstheCiteWhileYouWritepreferences inoneofthreew
ays:
l Word 2003:F
romtheTools>EndNotemenuinMicrosoftWord,s electCiteWhileYouWritePreferences.
l Word 2007 and 2010:OntheEndNotetabinW
ord,intheToolsgroup,clickPreferences.
l OntheEndNotetoolbarinWord,clicktheEndNotePrefsicon.
l FromtheTools>CiteWhileYouWritemenu,s electCWYWPreferences.
Note:Yourwordp
rocessormustbeopeninordertoaccessCWYWPreferencesfromtheToolsmenuinEndNote.
CiteWhileYouWritePreferencesinclude:
l
l
l
l
GeneralPreferences
KeyboardShortcutsinWord
FiguresandTablesinWord
Application
SeveralrelatedEndNotepreferencesalsodirectlyaffectCiteWhileYouWrite.
General Preferences (Microsoft Word)

Generalpreferencesareusefulwhenyoualways useyourEndNotelibrarya
longwithyourwordprocessorandyoualwaysuse
yourwordprocessoralongwithyourEndNotelibrary.
ToaccessGeneralpreferences,gotoWord'sTools>EndNotemenuandselectCiteWhileYouWritePreferences.(Word2
007
and2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheToolsgroup,clickPreferences.)
Open EndNote When Starting Word
Selectthisitemtoalways openEndNotewhenyoustartMicrosoftWord.
Close EndNote When Leaving Word

Selectthisitemtoalways closeEndNotewhenyouleaveMicrosoftWord.T
hisworksonlywhentheEndNoteprogramwas
launchedwithoneoftheC
iteWhileYouWritecommandsfromwithinWordoriftheOpenEndNoteW henStartingWordpreferenceisselected.
Return to Document After Inserting Citations
Selectthisitemtoalways makeyourdocumenttheactivewindowafterinsertingcitationswithEndNotesInsertSelectedCitation(s)c ommand.IfthispreferenceisturnedoffsothattheWorddocumentremainsinthebackground,youwillnotseethe
insertedcitationintheWordd
ocumentuntilthedocumentbecomestheactivewindow.ThisisbecausethedisplayfortheWord
documentisnotupdatedinthebackground.
Enable Instant Formatting on new Word documents
ThisoptionisavailableforCiteWhileYouWrite.ItturnsInstantF
ormattingonorofffornewWorddocuments.Whenyouenable
InstantFormatting,y oucanalsodeterminehowoftenEndNotescansfortemporarycitationsa
ndwhetheritchecksforcitation
changesinexistingcitations.
ToturninstantformattingonoroffinanexistingWorddocument,seeI nstantFormatting.
Turn off Words Show field codes instead of their values option when opening or updating documents that include
citations
EndNoteusesextensiveWordfieldcodesinordertoidentifyandformatc itations.Whenfieldcodesaredisplayed,yourdocumentcanlookconfusing!S
eeFieldCodesinWordformoreinformationandanexample.
WerecommendthatyounotviewfieldcodesinWord.Thisoptionensuresthatyouwillseeappropriatetextinyourdocument.
Related Topics:
CiteWhileYouWriteP
references
EndNotePreferences
ShowingW
ordProcessorCodes
Keyboard Preferences (Microsoft Word)

KeyboardshortcutsforEndNotesCiteWhileYouWritecommandsareavailableinWord.
Toaddorchangeakeyboardshortcut:
1. Word 2003:FromWordsTools>EndNotemenu,selectCiteW
hileYouWritePreferences.
Word 2007 and 2010:OntheEndNotetab,intheToolsg
roup,clickPreferences.
2. ClicktheKeyboardtab.
3. Fromthelistofcommands,selectthecommandforw hichyouwouldliketoadd(orchange)ashortcut.
4. Under"Pressnewshortcutkey,"enterthenewshortcutkeycombinationonthekeyboard.
5. ClickAssigntoassignthenewshortcut.
Followthesamestepstoremoveanassignedshortcutkey,exceptclickR
emoveinsteadofAssign.
ClickResetAlltoremovecustomkeyassignments.
Related Topics:
CiteWhileYouWriteP
references
EditingK
eyboardCommandsinEndNote
EndNotePreferences
MenuKeyboardCommandsinEndNote
ShowingW
ordProcessorCodes
Figures and Tables Preferences (Microsoft Word)

Usesettingsintheoutputstyletodeterminewhetherimages areplacedin-textorattheendofthedocument,wherecaptionsand
labelsarelocated,andseparationandpunctuationaroundimagesandcaptions.SeeFiguresa
ndTables.
ThefiguresandtablessettingsinMicrosoftWordoverridesettingsfromthecurrentoutputstyle.Ifyouroutputstyleissettoprint
figuresa
ndtablesinalistattheendofthedocument,thesettingsonthistabareignored.However,ifyouroutputstyleissetto
printfiguresa
ndtablesin-text,youcanusethistabtooverridesettingswhenyouhavemovedfiguresaroundinyourdocument
andwanttoretaintheirplacement.
Tocustomizethein-textplacementofEndNotefiguresandtablesinW
ord.
1. Word 2003:F
romWordsToolsmenu,selectCiteWhileYouWritePreferences.
ntheEndNotetab,intheToolsg
2. SelecttheFiguresandTablestab.
3. Selecttheappropriateradiobuttonto:
l Placeeachfigureortabledirectlyaftertheparagraphwhereitisfirstreferenced,or
l Whenre-generatingfigures,keepeachfigureortableinitscurrentposition.Thisallows youtomoveimagesaroundinyour
documentandhavethemstaytherewhenyouGenerateFigureL
istagain.
Application Preferences (Microsoft Word)

UsetheApplicationtabinWordtoindicatewhichversionofEndNotetousew
henyouuseCiteWhileYouWrite.
l EndNoteisyourdesktopversionofEndNotebibliographicapplication.
l EndNoteWebistheonlineWebversionofEndNote.
Toselecttheappropriateapplication:
1. Word 2003:F
romWordsToolsEndNotemenu,selectCiteWhileYouWritePreferences.
ntheEndNoteX6tab,intheToolsg
2. ClicktheApplicationtab.
3. Selecttheappropriateapplication:EndNoteorEndNoteWeb.
Word 2007 and 2010:T
hesystemaddsanEndNoteX6tabintheTabsgroupinWordwhenyouselecttheEndNotemenuoption.
ThesystemaddanEndNoteWebtabwhenyouselecttheEndNoteWebmenuoption.
Related Topics:
EndNoteCiteWhileYouWriteTabMissinginWord
EndNotePreferences
OverviewofEndNoteWeb
SyncPreferences
UsingCiteWhileYouWritewithEndNoteWeb
Showing Word Processor Codes

Theformattedcitationsandbibliographyinyourdocumentarenotplaintext;theycontainhiddendatathatmakeitpossiblefor
EndNotetounformata
ndreformatcitationsandbibliographies.
Microsoft Words Field Shading
FormattedcitationsandbibliographiesinWorddocumentsareMicrosoftW
ordfields.ThisgivesEndNotetheabilitytouniquely
identifythem.
WhenyouclickonafieldinWord(suchasaformattedEndNotecitationo
rthebibliography),itbecomesshaded.Youcanchange
thisbehaviors othatthefieldsarealwaysshaded,shadedonlywhenselected,ornevers haded.Todoso,selectOptionsfrom
WordsToolsmenuandselecttheViewo
ption.Thereyouwillseetheoptionsforfieldshading.Word 2007 and 2010:Clickthe
OfficeiconinthetopleftcornerofWord,clickWordO
ptions,thenc lickAdvanced,andscrolldownto"Showdocumentcontent"
tofindfieldshadingoptions.
Related Topics:
CiteWhileYouWriteP
references
EndNotePreferences
FieldCodes
Related EndNote Preferences

SeveralotherEndNotepreferencesdirectlyaffectCiteWhileYouWrite.T
oaccessEndNotepreferences,gototheEditm
enuin
EndNoteandselectPreferences.
Therelatedpreferencedialogsincludesettingsfor:
l TemporaryCitations
l Formatting
ThesesettingsarestoredwiththeEndNoteprogramspreferencesbecausetheyapplytoformattingpaperswithCiteWhileYou
WriteforMicrosoftW ord,CiteWhileYouWriteforOpenOffice.orgWriter,andFormatPaperforRTFfiles.
Related Topics:
CiteWhileYouWriteP
references
EndNotePreferences
FieldCodes
ShowingW
ordProcessorCodes
OpenOffice.org Writer CWYW Preferences

General Preferences (OpenOffice.org Writer)
Generalpreferencesareusefulwhenyoualways useyourEndNotelibrarya
longwithyourwordprocessor,andyoualwaysuse
yourwordprocessoralongwithyourEndNotelibrary.
ToaccessGeneralpreferencesinOpenOffice.orgWriter,gototheEndNotem
enuandselectCiteWhileYouWritePreferences.
Open EndNote When Starting OpenOffice.org Writer
Selectthisitemtoalways openEndNotewhenyoustartOpenOffice.orgW riter.
Close EndNote When Leaving OpenOffice.org Writer
Selectthisitemtoalways closeEndNotewhenyouleaveOpenOffice.orgW
riter.ThisworksonlywhentheEndNoteprogram
waslaunchedwithoneo
ftheCiteWhileYouWritecommandsfromwithinOpenOffice.orgWritero
riftheOpenEndNoteWhen
StartingWriterpreferenceisselected.
Shortcuts
Shortcuts to Make Using EndNote Easier
Keyboardcommands,s hortcutmenus,context-sensitivemenus,andtoolbarsc anstreamlineyourdatabasebuildingandcitation
processes.
ToaddorchangeCiteWhileY
ouWritekeyboardshortcutsinMicrosoftWord,seeKeyboardS
hortcutsinWord.
Related Topics:
EndNotePreferences
FieldCodes
ShowingWordProcessorCodes
Shortcut Menus
Asaconvenience,EndNoteprovidescontextual(shortcut)menusfors omeofthemostcommonlyusedfeatures.Shortcutmenus
a
ppearwhenyouright-clicko
nsomethingintheEndNoteprogram(suchasareference,agroupname,o
ranAuthorfield).
Thecontentsofthemenudependonwhereyouclickandwhatoptionsa
reavailableforthatparticularitem.Onlyasubsetofpossiblecommandsaredisplayed.Theseareintendedtorepresentthemostcommonlyusedf unctionsfortheselectedtarget.Choosingacommandfroma
shortcutm
enuhasexactlythesameresultaschoosingthecommandfromthemainm
enuorthetoolbar.
Ashortcutm
enuappearswhereveryouclick.Itremainsopenuntilyouchooseacommandfromthelist,clickelsewhere,orpress
Esc.
Shortcutm
enusareavailableinatleastthefollowingareas:theReferencewindow,thereferencelistintheLibrarywindow,the
GroupspanelintheLibrarywindow,termlists,andManagers(styles,filters,andconnections).
Toolbars
ToolbarsareavailableinEndNotetogiveyouquickaccesstosomeoft hecommonlyusedcommands.
Library Toolbar
Bydefault,thecommandsontheLibrarytoolbarinclude(fromlefttoright):
Integrated Library & Online Search Mode,Local Library Mode,andOnline Search Mode:Selectoneofthesedisplay
modes.IntegratedModeallowslocallibraryoperationsasw
ellasonlinesearches,LocalLibraryModesuppressescommands
andgroups foronlinesearching,andOnlineModedisplaysonlygroupsandcommandsforonlinesearching.
Output Styles menu:T

heBibliographicOutputStylemenulistsallthestylesyouhavemarkeda
sfavoritesintheStyleManager.Italsodisplaystheonethatiscurrentlys electedtobeusedforthePreviewpanel,CopyFormatted,printing,ande
xporting.
Ifyoudonotseethestylethatyouwantinthismenu,youcanchooseSelectAnotherStylefromthebottomofthemenutopicka
newstyle.SeeTheS
tyleManager.
Copy to Local Library:Thisc ommandisavailableonlyinOnlineSearchMode.Itcopieshighlightedreferencestotheactive
locallibrary.ReferenceswillappearinatemporaryC
opiedReferencesgroup.
New Reference:Thisopensan
ewreferencefordataentry.ItisasthoughyouhadusedtheReferencesm
enutoselectNewReference.
Online Search:Thisallows yout oselectaconnectionfileforanonlinesearch.Itisasthoughyouh
adusedtheToolsmenuto
selectOnlineSearch.
Import:ThisisthesameasthoughyouhadusedtheFilemenutoselectImport.
Export:ThisisthesameasthoughyouhadusedtheFilemenutoselectExport.
Find Full Text:T
hiscommandss earchesonlineforthefull-textarticlefortheselectedreferences.EndNoted
ownloadsthefileof
thearticleanddisplaysapaperclipintheP
aperClipcolumn.
Open Link:Forreferences thatc ontainaURL,thiscommandattemptstolaunchyourdefaultbrowserandd
isplaytheURLlocation.
Open File:Thisisavailableo
nlywhentheselectedreferencehasanattachedfile.Thesystemwillattempttolaunchtheassociatedprogramtoopenthefile.Itisasthoughy ouhaddouble-clickedonthefileintheWindowsfolder.
Insert Citation,F
ormat Bibliography,andReturn to Word Processor:ThesecommandsareavailableonlywhenMicrosoft
WordorOpenOffice.orgWriterisrunningandCiteWhileYouWritesupportisinstalled.IfyouhavebothMicrosoftWordandOpenOffice.orgWriteropen,thesecommandsareactiveforthewordprocessorthatwaslaunchedfirst.A
completeCWYWtoolbaris
availablewithinthewordprocessor.SeeCiteWhileYouWriteCommandsinWord,orCiteWhileY
ouWriteCommandsinOpenOffice.orgWriter.
Sync:C
licktheSynciconinthetoolbartosynchronizethereferencesinyourEndNotelibraryw iththereferencesinyourEndNoteWeblibrary.
Help:ThisbringsuptheEndNoteH
elpsystem.ItisasthoughyouhadusedtheHelpmenutoselectEndNoteX
6Help.
Quick Search text box:Typea

singlewordorphraseintothe"QuickSearch"textboxandp
ressEntertoquicklysearchthe
library.
Reference Window Toolbar
ThetoplineoftheReferencetoolbarincludesarrowkeysthatdisplaythepreviousornextreferenceinthecurrentreferencelist(in
thecurrents ortorder).ItalsoincludestheReferenceTypemenu,whereyouassigna
referencetypetothecurrentreference.A
HideEmptyFields/ShowEmptyFieldsbuttonallowsyoutotogglebetweenshowingandhidingthee
mptyfieldsinareference.
Thebottomlineofthetoolbarincludesthefollowingoptionbuttons:
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
FindReferenceUpdates
OpenLink
OpenFile
SpellCheck
MarkasRead/MarkasUnread
AttachFigure
FormatBibliography
ReturntoWordProcessor
Text Toolbar
ThetexttoolbardisplaysEndNotestextfontmenu,textsizemenu,andthefontstyles.
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
l
FontType
FontSize
Bold
Italics
Underline
PlainText
Superscript
Subscript
Symbolfont
ChangeCase
Related Topics
EndNotePreferences
Shortcutst oMakeUsingE
ndNoteEasier
EndNote Web
Overview of EndNote Web
EndNoteWebisafeaturesetwithinEndNote,WebofKnowledge,a
ndResearcherID.ItprovidesarangeofbibliographicmanagementtoolsontheW eb.YoucanimportandeditreferencesviaapersonalWebaccount,andthencitethereferencesinpapers
andcreatebibliographies.
EndNoteW ebcansearchWebofKnowledge,PubMed,andhundredsofotheronlinelibrarydatabasestohelpyoubuildapersonalreferencecollection.Itincludesu
niqueintegrationforWebofKnowledgesubscriberswithdynamiclinkstoTimesCitedrecordsandRelatedRecordsgivingyouone-clickaccesstothelatestinformationonareferencearticle.
EachEndNoteWeblibrarycanstorethousandsofrecordsandcreateb
ibliographiesinover4,500publishings tyles.OurCite
WhileYouWritefeatureisavailabletoanyoneusingMicrosoftWordtocreateb
ibliographies.
Registering with EndNote Web and Activating the Sync Process

YourpurchaseofEndNoteX6entitlesyoutoatwo-yearfrees ubscriptiontoEndNoteW
ebandtheoptiontosynchronizethereferencesinyourEndNotelibrarywiththereferencesinyourEndNoteWeblibrarywithouth
avingtoexportandimportfiles.
YoumustfirstregisterandhaveanactiveEndNoteWebaccounttoinitiatet heSyncprocess.Registrationisfastandeasyand
activatesyourt wo-yearEndNoteW
ebaccount.Whencompleted,EndNoteautomaticallyproceedswiththeSyncprocessand
updatesyournewEndNoteWeblibrarytomatchthecustomg
roupsinyourEndNotelibrary.
Note:TheSyncprocessincludesgroupsandgroupassociationsbutdoesnotincludegroupsets,smartgroups,andgroups
withincombinationg
roups.
1. ClicktheSyncbuttonintheLibrarytoolbartogotoanEndNoteWebLogindialog.
2. Enteryoure-mailaddress.
4. PressOKtoinitiatetheSyncprocess.
addressandp
asswordthatyouenteredontheEndNoteWebLogindialog.Latery oucanchangethedatainthesef ieldsifyou
everchangeyoure-mailaddressorpassword.
1. ClicktheSyncbuttonintheLibrarytoolbartogotoanEndNoteWebLogindialog.
2. ClicktheSignUpbuttonontheEndNoteWebLogindialogtogotoaUserRegistrationdialog.
3. Enteryoure-mailaddressintheUserRegistrationdialog.R
etypeyoure-maila
ddress,andthenclicktheContinuebutton.
4. EnteryourpersonalinformationintherequiredfieldsonthenextUserR
egistrationform.Forexample,enteryourname,a
5. ClicktheIAgreebuttontocompletetheregistrationp
rocessandtobeginsynchronizingyourEndNoteWeblibrarywith
yourEndNotelibrary.
ndNotepopulatesthefields ontheSyncP
referencespagewithyoure-mail
addressandpasswordthaty ouenteredd
uringregistration.Lateryoucanchangethedatainthesefieldsatanytimeifyouchange
youre-mailaddressorpassword.
Sync Preferences
SyncPreferencesallowyoutosetyourpreferencessothat:
l Youdonothavetoe
ndNote
andEndNoteWeb.
library.
Accessing EndNote Web

ndNoteWebLoginintheleft-handcolToaccessyourEndNoteWebaccount,gotohttp://www.endnoteweb.comandclicktheE
umn.
FormoreinformationaboutanEndNoteWebsubscription,contacttheThomsonReuterss alesteam.
Related Topics:
SyncPreferences
UnfiledGroups
UsingCiteW
hileYouWritewithEndNoteWeb
Overview of the Sync Process

EndNoteallowsyoutosynchronizethereferencesinyourEndNotelibraryw
iththereferencesinyourEndNoteWeblibrary.
l EndNoteisyourdesktopversionofyourEndNotebibliographicresourcetool.
l EndNoteWebisouronlineWebversionofEndNotedesktop.
TheSyncprocessautomaticallysynchronizesbothsetsofreferencesthatresideingroupssothatanexactmatchexistsinboth
EndNoteandEndNoteWeb.
TheSyncprocessisalways initiatedfromEndNote.ThedatainEndNotea
ndEndNoteWebaresynchronizedinbothapplicationswhenyourunSync.YouwillhaveidenticalgroupsandreferenceswhenSynccompletesprocessing.
TheSyncprocessincludesalldatachangestoreferences(includingfileattachments)duringtheSyncprocesssothateach
librarymatchestheother.Forexample,ifyouaddorremovereferencesand/orPDFfilesinEndNote,thenthosechangesare
updatedinEndNoteWebandv ice-versa.
TheSyncprocessincludesupdatesandadditionstogroupsinbothlibraries.Forexample,ifyoucreateandaddreferencestoa
newgroupinEndNote,thenyouwillseethisgroupinEndNoteWebthenexttimeyouruntheSyncprocess.
Sync Preferences
SyncPreferencesallowyoutosetyourpreferencessothat:
l Youdonothavetoe
ndNote
andEndNoteWeb.
library.
Important Points to Know about the Sync Process

l Atwo-yearsubscriptiontoE
ndNoteWebcomeswiththepurchaseo
fEndNoteX6.Thefreesubscriptionallowsyouto
createanEndNoteW
eblibraryofupto100,000referencesandupto5GB(gigabytes)ofd
atainfileattachments.
l Syncincludesgroups andg
roupassociationsbutdoesnotincludegroupsets,smartgroups,a
ndgroupswithincombinationgroups.Thesewillbeaddedina
laterrelease.
l SyncwillputgroupswhereagroupsetcannotbeidentifiedinanUnfiledGroupsset.Draganddropthegrouptotheappropriate
groupinthedesktoplibrary.
l YoucanselectanyEndNotelibrarythatyoucreatedwithEndNote,v ersion8.0orabovetosynchronizewithyourEndNote
Weblibrary.
l YoucanchangeanEndNotelibraryinSyncPreferencesatanytime.TheSyncprocessbegins automaticallywhenyou
clickOK.
l Allfileattachments thatyoutransferredinanearlierversiono
fEndNotearereplacedwiththeactualfileattachments.
l SyncworkswithonlyonelibraryandoneEndNoteWebaccount.
l TransferandSyncusedtogetherwithmixedversionscanresultinduplicates.UseFindDuplicateswhenthisoccursto
removeduplicates
l Syncwillidentifytransferredreferencesasduplicates.UseF
indDuplicateswhenthisoccurs.
l YoucannotsynchronizeanEndNotelibrarywithyourEndNoteWeblibrarywhenyouareinOnlineOnlymode.
l YoucanalwayscancelaSyncprocessthatiscurrentlyinprogress.H
owever,EndNoteprocessesallinformationthathas
gonethroughtheSyncprocessuptothecancellationpoint.Iftherearec onflictsbetweenreferencesinEndNoteandEndNoteWeb,thenaSyncConflictsfolderappearsintheGroups panellistingallrecordconflicts
l IfyouhaveaResearcherIDaccount,thenyourMyPublicationslistandPublicationLists1and2willbedisplayedin
UnfiledG
roups.YoucancreateaResearcherIDgroupsetinthedesktoplibraryanddraganddropthosegroupsintoit.
Related Topics:
ResolveSyncConflicts
SyncPreferences
UnfiledGroups
Resolve Sync Conflicts Dialog

TheResolveSyncConflictsdialogallowsyoutoresolveconflictsbetweenreferencesinyourEndNotelibraryandyourEndNote
Weblibrary.
AconflictoccursforareferencewhenyoueditthereferenceinbothEndNoteandinEndNoteWebbetweenSyncs.However,
EndNotedoesnotknowwhichoneyouwanttokeep.
Sync Conflicts Group

ThisgroupcontainsallofthereferencesforwhichEndNotehasidentifiedaconflictb
etweenanEndNotereferenceandEndNote
Webreference.ThegrouponlyappearsintheGroups panelwhenthereareconflicts.
ToresolveSyncconflicts:
l Right-clicktheSyncConflictsgroupandselecttheResolveC onflictsoptionfromthecontextualmenu.EndNotedisplays
theR
esolveSyncConflictsdialog.
l SelecttheSyncConflictsgrouptodisplayalistofreferencesthatEndNotehasidentifiedashavingaconflict.Selectone
ormorereferencesfromthelist.Right-clickandselecttheResolveC
onflictsoptionfromthecontextualmenu.
Resolving Conflicts
YoucankeepeithertheEndNotereferenceortheEndNoteWebreferencetoresolveaconflict.Theversionofthereferenceyou
donotchoosetokeepispermanently deleted
l Toresolveaconflictbetweentworeferences,clicktheKeepthisDesktopRecordbuttonortheKeepthisWebRecordbutton.Oncey ouselectarecordtokeep,EndNoteupdatestherecordinb
othEndNoteandEndNoteWeb.
l Toresolveallconflictsinfavorofthedesktopversionort heWebv ersion,selectthe"KeepallfromDesktop"orthe"Keep
allfromW
eb"fromthedrop-downmenuatthebottomofthedialog.Onceyouselecteitheroption,EndNoteupdatestherecordsinbothE
ndNoteandEndNoteWeb.
Youcanalso:
l Copyandpasteinformationbetweenthetworecords.Therecordthatyoukeepwillincludealldatacopiedtotherecord.
l SkiporCancelaconflict.Allreferencesinconflict,however,remainintheSyncConflictsautogroupuntiltheyare
resolved.
Note:Whenyouchoosetokeeparecord,E
ndNoteimmediatelysendsallthedatatoEndNoteWeb.IfyourconnectiontoE
ndNoteWebfails,thep
rocessendsandthedialogcloses.However,anydataalreadysenttoEndNoteWebisprocessed.
Did You Know ...

l WhenyoucreateanewgroupinEndNoteorEndNoteWeb,thenewgroupisaddedtotheotherlibrarywhenyourunSync.
l Whenyouchangeagroupsnameinbothlibraries,EndNoteusesthemostrecentlychangednamesonoconflictoccurs
whenyourunSync.
l Whenyoudeleteagroup,thereisnoconflict.EndNoteremovesthegroupandmovesthereferencestotheUnfiledGroups
folder.
l Ifyoudeleteagroupinoneapplicationandrenamethesamegroupintheotherapplication,EndNotedeletesthegroup
whenyourunSync.DeleteoverrulesRename.
l Whenyoumoveareferencefromonegrouptoanothergroup,thenaSyncconflictmayoccur.Ifyoumoveareferencefrom
GroupAtoGroupBinEndNoteandinEndNoteWebyoumovethesamereferencetoGroupC,thenthenexttimeyourun
Syncthereferencewillbeinconflict.
Related Topics:
Overviewo
fEndNoteWeb
SyncPreferences
UnfiledGroups
Setting up an EndNote Web Account

YourpurchaseofEndNoteX6entitlesyoutoatwo-yearfreesubscriptiontoEndNoteWebouronlineversionofEndNotedesktop.YourEndNoteWebsubscriptionisvalidfortwoyearsfromthedateafteryouregisterandactivateyouraccount.
YoumaysetupanEndNoteWebaccountforeachvalidEndNoteinstallationoneaccountforeachuniqueEndNoteserial
number.F
orinstitutionswithasitelicense,thesiteserialnumbera
llowedtheappropriatenumberofEndNoteWebaccounts.
Registration and Activation of the Sync Process

TheSyncprocessallowsyoutosynchronizethereferencesinyourEndNotelibraryw
iththereferencesinyourEndNoteWeb
library.YoumustfirstsetupanEndNoteWebaccounttoa
ctivatetheSyncprocess.
TherearetwomethodsforsettingupanEndNoteW
ebaccount.
l InEndNote,fromthemainLibrarywindow,clicktheSyncbuttonthatappearsinthetoolbartoopenanEndNoteWebLogin
dialog.ClicktheSignUpbuttontobegintheregistrationandactivationprocess.Followtheonlineinstructions.
l InEndNote,gototheEditmenuandselectPreferences>SyncPreferences.ClicktheEnableSyncbuttontogotothe
EndNoteWebLogindialog.ClicktheSignUpbuttontobegintheregistrationandactivationprocess.Followtheonline
instructions.
Related Topics:
OverviewofE
ndNoteWeb
SyncPreferences
UnfiledGroups
UsingCiteWhileYouWritewithEndNoteWeb
Unfiled Groups
IfduringtheSyncprocess,EndNotereceivesagroupfromEndNoteWebthatdoesnotb
elongtoanygroupsetinEndNote,then
thesystemautomaticallyaddsthegrouptoanUnfiledGroupfolder.
Youshouldmoveallgroups fromtheUnfiledGroups foldertoane
xistinggroupsetinEndNote.I fanappropriategroupsetdoes
notcurrentlyexist,thenyoushouldc reateone.EndNoteremovestheUnfiledGroupsfolderfromtheGroupspanelwhenyou
moveallunfiledgroupstoagroupset.
Note:B
eginningwithEndNoteX3,youcancreateg
roupsetstoorganizeyourEndNotelibrary.EndNoteWebdoesnoth
ave
groupsets.WhenyouruntheSyncprocess,conflictswillarisea
ndEndNotewillmovethesec onflictstotheUnfiledGroupsset.
ResearcherID Groups
IfyouarememberofResearcherID,thenthegroups namedMyPublicationList,PublicationList1,andPublicationList2will
appearinUnfiledGroupsfolderfollowingtheSyncprocess.WerecommendthatyoucreateagroupsetnamedResearcherIDand
movethesethreegroupsintothegroupset.Notethatanychanges(ordeletions)thatyoumaketothereferencesinthese
ResearcherIDgroupswillbesenttoEndNoteWebuponthenextSyncandwillalsobeseenatResearcherID.com.
Related Topics:
ResolveSyncConflictsDialog
SyncPreferences
Using Cite While You Write with EndNote Web

YoucanuseCiteWhileYouWritewitheitherEndNoteX6orEndNoteW
eb.
Important Points about Cite While You Write and EndNote Web
l CiteWhileYouWritesupportisincludedf orbothEndNoteandEndNoteWeb.However,youcannotusethisfeaturesimultaneouslywithbothapplications.
l YoucaninsertreferencesfromyourpersonalEndNoteWeblibrary.Youcannot,however,useCiteWhileYouWriteto
insertreferencesinfolderssharedbyotherEndNoteWebusers.
l SomeCiteWhileYouWritefunctionsm
aynotbeactiveforEndNoteWeb.
ftheCiteWhileYouWriteProcessandHowtoCite
Forgeneralinformationa
bouthowtoCiteWhileYouWrite,s eeOverviewo
WhileYouWrite.
Selecting the EndNote or EndNote Web Application
ToselecttheEndNoteorEndNoteWebapplicationforCiteWhileYouWrite:
1. Word 2003:InWord,gototheToolsmenu,selectEndNoteX
6orE
ndNoteWeb,andthenselectCiteWhileYouWrite
Preferences.
ntheEndNoteX6tab,intheToolsgroup,clickPreferences.
2. ClickontheApplicationtab.
3. Selecttheappropriateapplication.
EndNoteisyourdesktopversionofEndNoteX6.
EndNote WebistheonlineWebversionofEndNote.X6Enteryoursubscriptiondetails,w hichincludestheEndNoteWebURL,youre-mailaddress,andyourpassword.
The EndNote Toolbar
Word 2003:A
nEndNotetoolbarisavailableinMicrosoftWordwhethery ouareusingEndNoteorEndNoteWeb.Thetitleofthe
toolbarwillindicateeitherEndNoteX6(thedesktopapplication)orEndNoteWeb.
Word 2007 and 2010:T
heEndNotetabwillindicateeitherEndNoteX6orEndNoteWeb.
Related Topics:
ApplicationsPreferences
OverviewofE
ndNoteWeb
SettingU
panEndNoteWebAccount
Windows Installations
Program Requirements
BoththefullEndNoteprogramandtheEndNoteDemoareavailableonC
Dorbydownloading.IfyouhaveaCDyouneedaCDROMdrivetoinstalltheprogram.
System Requirements
EndNoterunsunderthefollowingoperatingsystems:
l Windows7(32-or64-bitversions)
l WindowsVista(32-or64-bitversions)
l WindowsXPwithatleastServicePack3installed
Hardware Requirements
l 450-MHzorfasterprocessor
l Aminimumof256MBofavailableRAM
l Aharddrivewithatleast400MBoffreespace
l AnInternetconnectionisrequiredinordertouseEndNotesOnlineSearchfeatureforsearchingonlinedatabases,t heFind
FullTextfeature,andEndNoteWeb.TousetheOpenLinkcommandt oaccessaWebsite,youalsoneedaWebbrowser
installed.
l Unicodecompliant
Makesurethatyourcomputermeetsthesystemandhardwarerequirementsb
eforecontinuing.Ifnecessary,contactthedistributor,dealer,orstorew
hereyoupurchasedEndNotetoarrangeforafullrefund.Ifyouhavea
nyproblemobtainingarefund,contactThomsonReutersdirectly.Youm
ustdosowithin30daysofpurchase.
Word Processor Compatibility

AsofJune2010,EndNoteforWindowsiscompatiblewith:
l MicrosoftOfficeWord2003,2007,and2010(32-o
r64-bitsupport)forWindows
l OpenDocumentFormat(ODT)documentscreatedw ithOpenOffice.orgWriter3.x
l RTFfilescreatedwithmostwordprocessors,including:MicrosoftWord,WordPerfect,OpenOffice.orgWriter,StarOffice,
andWordPad
l WolframMathematica8
Automatically Updating Files

YoucanautomaticallyupdateEndNoteX6whenincrementalprogramenhancementsa
reavailable.
ToupdateyourcopyoftheEndNoteprogram:
1. OpenaconnectiontotheInternet.
2. FromtheHelpmenu,select:
l EndNoteProgramUpdatestolauncha
wizard.Thewizardchecksforanupdate,letsyouknowwhetheranu
pdateisavailable,andthendownloadsthefile(s)andappliestheu
pdatetoyourEndNoteinstallation.
l WebStyles Findertodirectyourb
rowsertoanEndNotewebpagewhereyoucandownloadfromthefullc ollectionofoutputstyles.
Note:YoualsohavetheoptiontodownloadthelatestcontentfilesatanytimefromourWebsiteathttp://www.endnote.com.
Wecontinuallyupdateoutputstyles,filters,andconnectionfiles.
Custom Installations / Adding Content Files

AlthoughwerecommendthatyouusetheTypicalinstallationoptiontoinstallEndNote,theCustominstallationoptioncanbeusefulifyouarelowondiskspace,orifyouneedtoreinstallonlycertainEndNotecomponents,ofifyouwouldliketoaddadditional
contentfiles(outputstyles,importfilters,and/orconnectionfiles).
Toperformanewcustominstallation:
1. FollowtheinstructionsforinstallingEndNoteX
6.
2. OntheSelectInstallationTypedialog,selectC
ustom.
3. WhenyougettotheSelectFeaturesdialog,readthesectionbelowcalled"SelectingFeatures"todeterminew
hatyou
wouldliketoselectordeselectforyourinstallation.
Note:IftheinstallerdetectsanothercopyofE
ndNoteinthedestinationfolder,itgivesyouoptionstoeitherbackuporremove
olderfilesduringtheinstallation.Whendoingacustominstall,onlys electedcomponentsareaffected.Forexample,ifyouare
installingonlytheAnthropologystyles,andyouchoosetoremoveolderfiles,onlytheo
lderAnthropologystylesareremoved;no
otherpartoftheinstallationisaffected.
ToinstallcomponentsafterEndNoteisalreadyinstalled:
1. Logintothemachinewithadministrativerightso
rasauserwithprograminstallationprivileges.
2. Dooneofthese:
StarttheEndNoteinstallationprogramasyouwouldforanewinstallation.
FromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectControlPanel,orselectSettings,andthenselectControlPanel.Then,selectAdd
orRemovePrograms.Inthelist,clickonEndNoteX6andthenChange.
3. OntheApplicationMaintenancedialog,selecttheModifyandthenclickNext.
4. WhenyougettotheSelectFeaturesdialog,readthesectionbelowcalled"SelectingFeatures"todeterminew
hatyou
wouldliketoselect/deselectforinstallation.
Selecting Features
Thereareseveralmajorcategoriesofcomponentsthatc anbeinstalledwiththeproduct.Thecomponentsyoucanselectfor
installationinclude:
EndNote Application
l EndNoteProgram
l SampleFiles
l EndNoteHelp
Word Templates/Add-ins:
l TemplatesforMicrosoftWord
l CiteWhileYouWriteforMicrosoftWord
Additional Styles:Theseformatsforcreatingbibliographiesaregroupedbytype.
Additional Connections:Thesefiles fordirectlyretrievingreferencesfromo
nlinereferencedatabasesaregroupedby
informationserviceprovider.
Additional Filters:Thesefilesforimportingtextfilesofreferencedataaregroupedbyinformations erviceprovider.
Spelling Dictionaries:Thesearedictionariesavailableforthespellingc hecker.
Clicktheplussignnexttoeachcategorytodisplayadetailedlisto
fitems.Foreachcategoryorsubcategory,clickthetriangle
nexttothenametoselectfromtheavailableinstallationoptions.Toinstalla
feature,selectoneofthese:
l Willbeinstalledonlocalharddrive.
l Entirefeaturewillbeinstalledonlocalhardd
rive.
Installed Files
ThefullEndNoteinstallationincludesthefollowingdefaultfoldersa
ndfiles.
Program Folder
C:\ProgramF
iles\EndNoteX6,OR
C:\ProgramFiles(x86)\EndNoteX6(64-bitW
indowsversions)
l EndNote.exeapplicationfile
l EndNote.chmh
elpfile
Youcandouble-clickthefiletoviewit.IntheEndNoteprogram,selectE
ndNoteX6HelpfromtheHelpmenu.P
ressingthe
F1keyo
nyourkeyboardorclickingaHelpor?buttonintheprogrambringsupacontext-sensitivetopic.
l EndNoteX6WinHelp.pdfisa
compilationofalltheHelptopics intheonlineHelpsystem
l Readme.txttextfilecontainslate-breakingnews
l Examplesshortcutfolder
l Stylesfolder
Thisfoldercontainsbibliographicstyles forformattingcitationsa
ndabibliography.ATypicalinstallationincludesonlythe
mostpopularstyles.WithaCustominstallation,youcanc hoosefromafullcollectionofover4,500bibliographics tyles.
l Connectionsfolder
Thisfoldercontainsconnectionfilestoconnecttoandsearchonlinebibliographicdatabases.ATypicalinstallation
includesonlythemostpopularfiles.WithaCustominstallation,youcanchoosefromacollectionofthousands.
l Filtersfolder
Thisfoldercontainsimportfiltersforimportingtextfilesdownloadedfromonlinebibliographicdatabases.ATypical
installationincludeso
nlythemostpopularfilters.WithaCustominstallation,y oucanchoosefromacollectionofhundreds.
l TermsListsfolder
Thisfoldercontainsjournalabbreviationtermlists.Theselistscontainthousandsofjournalnamesandstandardabbreviations.ImportalistintoyourlibrarysJournalstermlisttousetheabbreviationsiny ourbibliographies.
l Spellfolder
ThisfoldercontainsspellcheckdictionariesfortheEndNotespellc hecker.
l Templatesfolder
ThisfoldercontainsMicrosoftWordtemplatestoquicklysetupyourp
apers forelectronicsubmissiontopublishers.
l VariousadditionalfoldersandfilesareinstalledtosupporttheEndNoteprogramandtointegrateEndNotewithothers oftwareprograms.
Shared Folder
OpentheSharedDocumentsorPublicDocumentsfolderinWindowsExplorertofindtheEndNotefolderlocatedat:
Windows 7: \Users\Public\PublicD
ocuments\EndNote
Windows XP:Documentsa
ndSettings\AllUsers\SharedDocuments\EndNote
Windows Vista:C:\Users\Public\PublicD
ocuments\EndNote
l Examplesfolder
Thisfoldercontainsasamplelibraryandothersampledocumentsandg
raphicstousewhilelearningEndNote.
l YoumaywanttousethesharedEndNotefoldert ostoreyourlibraries,sothattheyareavailabletoallusersony ourcomputer.
Personal Folder
OpentheMyDocumentsorDocumentsfolderinWindowsExplorertofindt heEndNotefolderlocatedat:
Windows 7: C:\Users\[UserName]\Documents\EndNote
Windows XP:C:\Documentsa
ndSettings\[UserName]\MyDocuments\EndNote
Windows Vista:C:\Users\[UserName]\Documents\EndNote
Thesefoldersarecreatedwhenyoucreateormodifyafile:
l Stylesfolderc ontainsnewormodifiedbibliographicstyles
l Connectionsfoldercontainsnewormodifiedconnectionfiles
l Filtersfolderc ontainsnewormodifiedimportfilters
Whiletheprogramfoldercontainsthedefaultstyles,connectionfiles,a
ndfilters,yourpersonalEndNotefoldercontainsthose
filesthatyouhavecreatedormodified.Thispreventschangestotheoriginalfiles,a
ndassuresthatyouwillnotinadvertently
deleteacustomizedfilewheny ouremoveorupgradetheEndNoteprogram.Italsoallowsyoutomakec hangestofileseven
thoughyoumaynothaveadministratoraccesstom
odifyfilesintheProgramFilesfolder.EndNotedisplaysasinglelisto
fthe
filesfoundinbothlocations.Ifafileofthesamenameappearsinbothlocations,EndNotewilldisplayonlythefilefoundinyour
personalfolder.
Youcanchangeyourpersonalfolderlocations.SeeFolderL
ocationsPreferencesformoreinformation.
Preferences Folder
Dependingonyoursettings,thesefoldersmaybehiddenfromviewinW
indowsExplorer.
Windows 7:C :\Users\[UserName]\AppD
ata\Roaming\EndNote
Windows XP:C:\Documentsa
ndSettings\[UserName]\ApplicationData\EndNote
Windows Vista:C:\Users\[UserName]\AppD
ata\Roaming\EndNote
WhilemanyEndNotepreferencesarestoredintheWindowsregistry,somea
restoredinyourpersonalpreferencesfolder.Itcontainstheconnect.logfilethatrecordsyourlatestonlines earch,theRefTypeTable.xmlfilethatstoresyourreferencetypepreferences,savedsearchstrategies,a
ndvariousothersettings.
Installing Additional Connection Files

TheEndNoteteamhasdevelopedthousandsofdifferentconnectionfiles.B
ecauseinstallingallofthesefilesmayslowperformance,atypicalE
ndNoteinstallationincludesonlythemostpopularconnectionfiles.Youcaninstallsetsofconnectionfiles
byproviderwiththeEndNoteinstaller,oryoucandownloadindividualconnectionfilesfromtheEndNotew
ebsite.
Using the EndNote Installer to Install Additional Connection Files

First,makesureEndNoteisclosedandnotrunning.YoucanruntheE
ndNoteinstallationprogramagain,choosetheoptionto
Modifytheinstallation,a
ndthenselectsetsofconnectionfilestoinstall.
Toinstallsetsofconnectionfiles:
2. Dooneofthese:
Or,fromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectControlPanel,orselectSettingsa
ndthenControlPanel.Then,selectAddor
RemovePrograms.Inthelist,clickonEndNoteX6a
ndthenChange.
3. OntheApplicationMaintenancedialog,selecttheModifyoptionandclickNext.
4. OntheSelectFeaturesdialog,clickthepluss ign(+)nexttoAdditionalConnections.
5. Foreachsetofconnectionfilesyouwouldliketoinstall,clickthetriangleandselecteither"Willbeinstalledo
nlocalhard
drive"or"Entirefeaturewillbeinstalledo
nlocalharddrive."
6. ClickNexttocontinuewiththeinstallation.
ThefilterswillbecopiedtotheEndNoteConnectionsfolder,whichistypicallyProgramFiles\EndNoteX6\Connections.
Finding Individual Connection Files on the EndNote Web Site

YoucanusetheConnectionManagerinEndNotetofindanddownloadindividualfilterfiles.
Todownloadindividualconnectionfiles:
1. FromtheEditmenuinEndNote,selectConnectionF
iles,andthenselectOpenConnectionManager.
2. ClickGetMoreontheWebtostartyourdefaultb
rowserandgototheappropriatepageontheEndNotewebsite.
3. ClickAccepttoaccepttheTermsofUse.
4. Browsethroughanalphabeticallistingoftheavailablec onnectionfiles,andDownloadthosefilesyouwanttoinstall.
5. CopythedownloadedfilestoyourConnections folder,w
hichistypicallylocatedatProgramFiles\EndNoteX
6\Styles.
Installing Additional Filters

TheEndNoteteamhasdevelopedhundredsofdifferentfilterfiles.Becauseinstallingallofthesefilesmayslowperformance,a
typicalEndNoteinstallationincludesonlythemostpopularfilters.YoucaninstallsetsoffiltersbyproviderwiththeEndNote
installer,oryoucandownloadindividualfiltersfromtheEndNoteWebsite.
Using the EndNote Installer to Install Additional Filters

ndNoteinstallationprogramagain,choosetheoptionto
Modifytheinstallation,a
ndthenselectsetsoffilterstoinstall.
Toinstallsetsoffilters:
2. Dooneofthese:
Or,fromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectControlPanel,orselectSettings,andthenselectControlPanel.Then,select
AddorRemovePrograms.Inthelist,clickonEndNoteX6andthenChange.
4. OntheSelectFeaturesdialog,clickthepluss ign(+)nexttoAdditionalFilters.
5. Foreachsetoffiltersyouwouldliketoinstall,c lickthetriangleandselecteither"Willbeinstalledonlocalh
arddrive"or
"Entirefeaturewillbeinstalledonlocalh
arddrive."
ThefilterswillbecopiedtotheEndNoteFiltersfolder,whichistypicallyP
rogramFiles\EndNoteX6\Filters.
Finding Individual Filters on the EndNote Web Site

YoucanusetheFilterManagerinEndNotetofindanddownloadindividualfilterfiles.
Todownloadindividualfilters:
1. FromtheEditmenuinEndNote,selectImportFilters,a
ndthenselectOpenFilterManager.
2. Click"GetMoreontheWeb"tostarty ourdefaultbrowserandgototheappropriatepageontheEndNotew
ebsite.
4. Browsethroughanalphabeticallistingoftheavailablef ilterfilesandDownloadthosefilesyouwanttoinstall.
5. CopythedownloadedfilestoyourFiltersfolder,w hichistypicallylocatedatProgramFiles\EndNoteX
6\Filters.
Installing Additional Output Styles

TheEndNoteteamhasdevelopedover4,500differento
utputstyles.Becauseinstallingallofthesestylescanslowperformance,
atypicalEndNoteinstallationincludesonlythemostpopularstyles.Youcaninstallsetsofstyles bydisciplinewiththeEndNote
installer,oryoucandownloadindividualstylesfromtheEndNoteWebsite.
Using the EndNote Installer to Install Additional Output Styles

ndNoteinstallationprogramagain,selecttheoptiontoModifytheinstallation,a
ndthenselectsetsofoutputstylestoinstall.
Toinstallsetsofoutputstyles:
2. Dooneofthese:
Or,fromtheWindowsStartmenu,selectControlPanel,orselectSettingsa
ndthenControlPanel.Then,selectAddor
RemovePrograms.Inthelist,clickEndNoteX6andthenChange.
4. OntheSelectFeaturesdialog,clickthepluss ign(+)nexttoAdditionalStyles.
5. Foreachsetofstylesyouwouldliketoinstall,c lickthetriangleandselecteither"Willbeinstalledonlocalharddrive"or
"Entirefeaturewillbeinstalledonlocalh
arddrive."
Thestyles willbecopiedtotheEndNoteStylesfolder,whichistypicallyProgramFiles\EndNoteX6\Styles,andthenewfileswill
beavailableforusethenexttimeyoustartEndNote.
Finding Individual Output Styles on the EndNote Web Site

YoucanusetheStyleManagerinEndNotetofindanddownloadindividualo
utputstyles.
Todownloadindividualoutputstyles:
1. FromtheEditmenuinEndNote,selectOutputStyles a
ndthenOpenStyleManager.
2. ClickGetMoreontheWebtostartyourdefaultb
rowserandgototheappropriatepageontheEndNoteWebsite.
Note:A
notherwaytodirectyourbrowsertothiswebpageistoselectWebStylesF
inderfromtheHelpmenu.
4. Browsethroughanalphabeticallistingoftheavailableoutputstyles,andDownloadthosefilesyouwanttoinstall.
5. CopythedownloadedfilestoyourStyles folder,w
hichistypicallylocatedatProgramFiles\EndNoteX
6\Styles,ortoyour
personalStyles folder(seeFolderL
ocationsPreferences).
6. IfEndNoteisstillopen,pleaseExittheprogramandthenrestartEndNotetoreadintheaddedoutputstyles.
Thestyles willnowbeavailableinEndNotetoselectforformatting.
Uninstalling the EndNote Program

TouninstallEndNote:
1. Logintothemachinewithadministrativerightsorasauserwithprograminstallationprivileges.
2. Fromt heWindowsStartmenu,selectControlPanel,orselectSettings,a
ndthenselectControlPanel.
3. SelectA
ddorRemovePrograms.
4. Inthelistofcurrentlyinstalledprograms,selectEndNote.
5. ClicktheRemovebutton.
Or,youcanuninstallbyusingtheEndNoteinstallationprogram:
2. FromyourEndNoteCD,runSetup.exe.
3. OntheApplicationMaintenancedialog,selectRemove,andthenclickNext.
4. ClickNextagaintobeginremovingEndNote.
Theuninstallprocedureremovesonlyfiles,groups,andiconsinstalledb
ytheEndNoteinstallerthelasttimeitwasrun.Forexample,ify ouusedtheinstallersCustominstallationoptiontoreinstallo
nlystylefiles,theUninstallprogramremovesonlystyle
files.
ToremoveanymodifiedEndNotefilesthatremain:
WepurposelydonotremoveanyEndNotelibrariesorcustomizedfiles.YoucanmanuallydeletethesefileswithWindows
Explorer.Onceyouares ureyoudonotwanttosaveanyofthefilescontainedinthefollowingfolders,youcandeletethem:
Windows XP
C:\ProgramFiles\EndNoteX6
C:\DocumentsandSettings\AllUsers\SharedDocuments\EndNote
C:\DocumentsandSettings\[UserName]\MyDocuments\EndNote
C:\DocumentsandSettings\[UserName]\ApplicationData\EndNote
Windows Vista
C:\Users\Public\PublicDocuments\EndNote
C:\Users\[UserName]\Documents\EndNote
C:\Users\[UserName]\AppData\Roaming\EndNote
Windows 7
C:\Users\Public\PublicDocuments\EndNote
C:\Users\[UserName]\Documents\EndNote
C:\Users\[UserName]\AppData\Roaming\EndNote
Note: Ifyouareusinga64-bitversionofWindows,y ourEndNoteprogramfolderwillbe:C:\ProgramFiles(x86)\EndNoteX6.
Networks and Volume Installations

Using Libraries on a Network
achofthe
ThevolumeeditionofEndNoteislicensedforaparticularnumberofusers;youcaninstallEndNotelocallyfore
licensedusers.Userscanaccessacommonlibraryonaservero
rtheirownpersonallibrary.
Multi- Platform Networks

EndNotelibraries(databases)aredirectlycompatibleacross Windowsa
ndMacintoshplatformsanddonotrequireanyspecial
conversionprocedures(seeTransferring_Libraries_Across_Platforms).B
ecauseofthis,EndNotecanbeusedinamixedplatformnetworkenvironmentv eryeasily.WehavesuccessfullytestedEndNotelibrariesonmixedplatformAppleShareandWindowsnetworks,andPC-specificnetworksincludingWindowsforWorkgroups.
Multi-User Library Access

EventhoughEndNotecanbeusedacrossanetwork,itwasnotdesignedw ithspecificnetworkingcapabilitiesinmind.EndNote
doesnotperformrecordlockingfunctionsthatwouldallowmultipleuserstoeditonelibrarya
tthesametime.However,multiple
userscanaccessoneEndNotelibrarys imultaneouslyaslongasthelibraryisrestrictedtoread-onlyo
rlockedstatus.Thiswill
allowtheusertoperformsearches,c opyinformationtotheirdocuments,andformattheirpapers.UseWindowsE
xplorerto
changethePropertiesofyourEndNotelibrary;s electtheRead-Onlyattributeforthe.ENLfileandthe.DATAfolder.
ThesimplestwaytosetupanEndNotelibraryforsharednetworkaccess istousethenetworkssystemoffilepermissionsto
controlthetypeo
faccess allowedforusersandgroups.Oneortwopeopleshouldbeassignedtheresponsibilityformaintaining
andupdatingthelibrary;theseuserss houldbegrantedfullaccesstothelibrary.ENLfileand.DATAfolder.Allotherusersshould
begrantedread-onlya
ccess.
Special Issues in Network Environments

EndNotedoesnotperformrecordlocking,butitdoesrequirefilelocking.SomeWindowsnetworkclientprograms(forexample,
NFSclientsusedtoconnecttoUNIXservers)donotfullysupporttheseprotocols.Filelockingisanoptionalcomponentinsome
implementationsofNFS(LockD).Inaddition,somenetworkfilesystemsimplementacompatibilitymodethatmaypreventfile
lockingfromworkingproperly.NetworkclientsotherthanthoseprovidedbyMicrosoftshouldbetestedtoensurethatfilelocking
isenabled.
EndNoteassumesamaximumfilenamelengthbasedonthecapabilitieso
ftheoperatingsystemonwhichitisrunning;under
Windows,errors m
ayoccurifEndNoteattemptstostorealongfilenameonaserverthatd
oesnotsupportlongfilenames.
Note:TheenvironmentinwhichEndNotewillbeused,mustsupportlongfilen
ames.
Related Topics:
CustomSettings(Networks)
LicensingofVolumeCopies
Custom Settings
EndNoteallowsyoutocustomizemanyareasoftheprogramtosuityourn
eeds.Mostsettingsaresavedforeachuser.
General Preferences
MostgeneralpreferencesarestoredintheWindowsR
egistry.Forexample,thisincludesmanyEndNotePreferences,s ubjectbibliographysettings,andCiteWhileYouWritesettings.
Reference Types
Ifyouplantoshareyourlibrarieswithotherusers,youmaywanttolimituseofnewandmodifiedreferencetypes.
l Changesmadetothereferencetypes tableapplytoalllibrariesopenedonthatcomputerfromthecurrentuseraccount.
l Ifyourlibraryisopenedfromadifferentcomputer,y ourreferenceswillfollow thelayoutofthereferencetypestableforthat
computeranduser.
IfyoucreateacustomreferencetypeormodifyareferencetypeforrecordsinyourEndNotelibrary,youshouldmakesurethat
thereferencetypeisalsocreatedormodifiedonothercomputersthatwillaccessthelibrary.SeeSharingY
ourReferenceType
Table.
Saved Searches
Searchstrategyfilesares avedbydefaultinyourfolder:
Windows XP:C:\DocumentsandSettings\[UserName]\ApplicationData\EndNote\Searches
Windows Vista and Windows 7:C:\Users\[UserName]\AppData\Roaming\EndNote\Searches
Youmaysavethemelsewhereifyouprefer,butEndNotewillopentothisSearchesfolderwhenyouc hoosetoLoadasaved
search.EndNotesearchfilesuse.ENQasthefilenameextension.
Cite While You Write

CiteWhileYouWritecodesaredirectlycompatiblebetweenWord2003,2
007,2010.Becausereferencedataiskeptwitheach
formattedc itation,youcancollaboratewithotherauthorsonapaperwithouteacha
uthorhavingthesamelibrary.
Related Topics:
ConfiguringE
ndNote
UsingL
ibrariesonaNetwork
About Volume Installations

achofthe
ThevolumeeditionofEndNoteislicensedforaparticularnumberofusers;youcaninstallEndNotelocallyfore
licensedusers.Userscanaccessacommonlibraryonaservero
rtheirownpersonallibraries.
Forvolumeinstallations,youmustfirstunlocktheinstallerasdescribedinUnlockingtheVolume/SiteL
icenseInstaller,andthen
distributeandinstalltheprogramusingoneofthemethodsdescribedinAboutM
assProgramInstallations.
Networks and Volume Installations (Licensing of Volume Copies)

ThomsonReutersexpectsthatnetworkadministratorswilltakeappropriates tepstomaintaincompliancewiththesoftware
license.Thelicenseagreement(LicenseAgreement.txt)canbefounda
ttherootoftheEndNoteinstallationCD.Youcanpurchaseasingleormulti-userlicense:
Single User License

AsingleEndNoteproductpurchaseislicensedtoanindividual,andisnottobeshared.
Workstation License
AnEndNoteworkstationlicenseallowseachpersontoinstallEndNoteindividually,justlikeasinglepurchase.Workstation
licensesaretypicallys oldas5-userpacks,andyoucanpurchaseadditionalpacksasneeded.
Volume/Site License
AnEndNotevolume/sitelicenseallowsmultipleusers.EndNotecanbeinstalledonindividualPCsusingmassinstallation(upto
thenumberofusersindicatedinthelicenseagreement),oryoucaninstallEndNoteonasharednetworkforsimultaneoususe.
Note:Whilewed
onotprovideaconcurrentmeteringutility,itispossibletousethirdp
artysoftwaretomonitorconcurrentuseof
EndNote.Werecommendthaty ouuseSofTrackTM,w
hichisavailableforpurchaseatdiscountedpricingdirectlyfromThomson
R
euters.GotoIntegrityS
oftwareformoreinformationaboutthisproduct.
See Also:CustomSettings(Networks)
Unlocking the Volume/Site License Installer

TheVolume/Sitelicenseinstallerusesasingleproductkeyformultipleu
sers.Toautomaticallyincludethekeyforyourlicensed
users,youmustu
nlocktheinstaller.Thisproducesanewinstallerfile,alongwithav alidatinglicense.datfile.
Note:Thisinformationa
ppliesonlytotheVolume/Sitelicenseinstaller,anddoesnotapplytoanyotherEndNotelicenses.
Tounlockthevolume/sitelicenseinstallerwithAutorun:
1. InserttheEndNoteX6installationCD.
TheEndNoteSetupprogramwillstart.IfyoudonothaveAutoplayenabled,viewthefilesontheCDandlaunchAutorun.exe.
2. SelectInstallVolumeLicensefromthelist.
3. Whenprompted,enteryourEndNotevolumelicensep
roductkey.
Donotselecttheoptiontitled"PerformAdministrativeInstallation."
Whentheinstallationiscomplete,youwillfindanENX6Inst.msifileandalicense.datfileinthetargetfolder.Thesefiles
mustbothbepresentinthesamefoldertoinstalltheEndNotep
rogramaseitherasasharedprogram,ortodistributefor
massprograminstallations.
Or,tounlockthevolume/sitelicenseinstallerwiththecommandline:
1. OpenanMS-DOScommandline.
Windows XP:FromtheStartmenu,s electRun,typeCMDandclickOK.
Windows Vista:GototheStartmenu.Inthesearchbox,typeCMDandpressEnter.
Windows 7:GototheStartmenu.Inthesearchbox,typeCMDandpressEnter.
2. UsetheChangeDirectorycommand(CD)togotothelocationwheretheENX6I nst.msifileislocated.TheEndNoteinstallationCDislikelyintheDdrive,andtheENX6Inst.msifileislocatedintheMSIfolder.Togotothislocationo
nthecommandline,type:
CDD:\MSI
IfyourcomputerusesadifferentdriveletterfortheinstallationC
D,ortheMSIfileisinanotherlocation,useCDwiththe
appropriatep
athtogotothatlocation.
3. Next,runtheinstallerinAdminm
odebyenteringthecommand:
4. Whenprompted,enteryourEndNotevolumelicensep
roductkey.
Donotselecttheoptiontitled,"PerformAdministrativeInstallation."
Whentheinstallationiscomplete,youwillfindanENX6Inst.msifileandalicense.datfileinthetargetfolder.Thesefiles
mustbothbepresentinthesamefoldertoinstalltheEndNotep
rogram.SeeAboutM
assProgramInstallations.
Related Topics
CustomS
ettings
About Mass Program Installations

Withthevolume/sitelicenseversionofEndNote,anetworkadministratorc anusemassinstallationtoinstallEndNoteonmultiple
machines.
Pleasemakesurethatyoumeettheserequirementsbeforeinstalling:
l MakesureEndNoteislicensedfortheappropriatenumberofusers.
l MakesurethateachcomputerisrunningWindowsX
PwithServicePack3,WindowsVista,orW indows7.EndNotewill
notrununderearlierversions.
TheproductCDincludesanENX6Inst.msifileinanMSIfolder.InAdministrativeMode,theEndNoteinstallerwillpromptfora
volumeproductkey,whichgeneratesalicense.datfile.Thelicense.datfilemustaccompanytheinstallerforvolumelicensedistributioninordertolaterbypasstheproductkeyinstallationprompt.SeeUnlockingtheVolume/SiteLicenseInstaller.
You can deploy the EndNote installer to multiple machines in one of these ways:
l EasyDeployment
l Deployingt heEndNoteInstallerwithGroupPolicy
l ScriptedP
rogramInstallations
YoucanusetheprovidedMSIC
ommandLineOptionsforguidance.Ifyouneedadditionalinformation,refertoMicrosofts mass
installationdocumentationandcommandlined
ocumentation,orhttp://www.microsoft.com.
What you need to know about installing content files:

PreviousversionsofEndNotealwaysinstalledallpredefinedcontentfiles(outputstyles,importfilters,andconnectionfiles).
Thesenumberinthethousands,andwhentheyareallinstalledtheycanaffectthes peedandperformanceofEndNote.InEndNoteX6,atypicalinstallationincludesonlythemostpopularstyles,filters,a
ndconnectionfiles.Ifyoudonotknowwhatsubset
offilesarerequiredb
yyourusers,youmaywanttoinstallallfiles.Youcandothisbysettingtheproperty"INSTALLALLCONTENTFILES"to"yes".SeeInstallingAllContentFiles.
Related Topics
ChangingtheDefaultContentFileLocation
CustomSettings
DeployingtheEndNoteInstallerwithGroupPolicy
EasyDeployment
MSICommandLineOptions
ScriptedProgramInstallations
UsingLibrariesonaNetwork
Easy Deployment
Withthevolume/sitelicenseversionofEndNote,anetworkadministratorc anusemassinstallationtoinstallEndNoteonmultiple
machines.
Recommended easy installation:
1. First,unlocktheinstallertogenerateanENX6Inst.msifileandalicense.datf ile.SeeUnlockingt heVolume/SiteLicense
Installer.
2. DeployENX6Inst.msiandlicense.dattogether.
Youcandeploy inanywayyouwant,butmakesurethetwofilesareinthesamedirectorywhenexecuted.Youcouldzip
thetwofilestod
istributethemtoendusers,youcouldcreateaGroupPolicydeploymentw herebothfilesaredeliveredto
thesamelocationonthetargetm
achine,oryoucouldsimply dropthetwofilesinasharednetworklocationfromwhich
usersexecutetheinstaller.
3. (Optional)Foreachuseraccount,youcanc onfigureEndNoteasthedefaultcitationmanagerinWord2007.SeeC
onfiguringEndNote(Word2007).
Using the volume installer to install on an individual computer:
1. First,unlocktheinstallertogenerateanENX6Inst.msifileandalicense.datf ile.SeeUnlockingtheVolume/SiteLicense
Installer.
2. DistributeboththeENX6Inst.msiandlicense.datfiletotheuser.Forexample,youcancopythemtoasharednetwork
driveoraCD.
3. Theusershouldthencopythetwofiles,ENX6Inst.msiandlicense.dattothes amefolderonhis/herindividualcomputer.
4. Theusershouldlogontothecomputerwithadministrativerights,andthenrunENX6I nst.msitoinstalltheEndNoteprogram.(DonotruninAdminmodethistime.)
Related Topics
AboutMassProgramInstallations
CustomSettings
Deploying the EndNote Installer with Group Policy

IfyournetworkisrunningtheWindows2000orWindows2003Serveroperatings ystemandActiveDirectoryServices(ADS),we
recommendaGroupPolicyinstallationforthevolumeversionofEndNote.
Before you begin:
l MakesureallworkstationsareusingMSI3.0orlater.Ifneeded,youcandownloadanupdatefromMicrosoft.
l MakesurethesharethatEndNoteisbeingdeployedf romispublishedinActiveDirectory.
l Makesurethecomputeraccounthaspermissiontoaccess totheshare.
Note:Thissoftwareh
asnotbeentestedwiththeWindowsDistributedFilingSystem(DFS)
Note:Bydefault,o
nlythemostpopularoutputstyles,importfilters,andconnectionfilesa
reinstalledwithEndNote.Thisspeeds
upperformance.However,ifyouw
anttoinstallalloftheavailablecontentfiles(thousands),youcanc reateanewTransform
andsettheINSTALLCONTENTFILESpropertyto"yes".S
eeInstallingAllContentF
iles.
New Installations
TodeployacrossanorganizationwithGroupPolicy:
1. First,unlocktheinstallertogenerateanENX6Inst.msifileandalicense.datfile.SeeUnlockingt heVolume/SiteLicense
Installer.
2. OpentheGroupPolicyfortheDomainorOrganizationalU
nit(OU)youwanttomodify.
3. Under"ComputerConfiguration,"expand" SoftwareSettings"andclickSoftwareInstallation.
4. Right-click"SoftwareInstallation"ands electNew>Package.
5. BrowseforthesharefromwhichENX6Inst.msiwillbedeployed.(Makes uretherequiredlicense.datfileisinthesame
folder.)
6. IntheDeploySoftwaredialog,youmayselecteitherA
ssignedorAdvancedifyouwishtomodify theadvancedsettings.
SeetheappropriateMicrosofthelpfileforhelponconfiguringthea
dvancedoptions.
OncetheGroupPolicyisupdatedandtheclientsarerestarted,EndNoteisinstalleduponboot.
Upgrade Installations
Toupgradeyourcurrentinstallations:
1. First,unlocktheinstallertogenerateanENX6Inst.msifileandalicense.datfile.SeeUnlockingt heVolume/SiteLicense
Installer.
2. OpentheGroupPolicyfortheDomainorOrganizationalU
nit(OU)youwanttomodify.
3. Under"ComputerConfiguration,"expand" SoftwareSettings"andclickSoftwareInstallation.
4. Right-click"SoftwareInstallation"ands electNew>Package.
5. BrowseforthesharefromwhichENX6Inst.msiwillbedeployed.(Makes uretherequiredlicense.datfileisinthesame
folder.)
6. IntheDeploySoftwaredialog,selectAdvanceda
ndthenclickontheUpgradetab.
OncetheGroupPolicyisupdatedandtheclientsarerestarted,EndNoteisinstalleduponboot.
Related Topics
CustomSettings
EasyDeployment
Scripted Program Installations

IfyournetworkisrunningWindowsNT4networko
ranon-ADSnetwork,usescriptingformassinstallationsoftheEndNotep
rogram.AnENInst.msif ileisprovidedontheproductCDinanMSIfolder.
Toinstallviaacommandline:
1. First,runtheinstallerinAdminmode(/aont hecommandline):
2. InstallE
NX6Inst.msifromthetargetdirectory.(Makesuretherequiredlicense.datf ileisinthesamedirectory.)Seethe
examplesbelow.Drivelettersareexamplesandvaryaccordingtothespecificsystemand/ornetwork.Example:
ineOptionstableforguidance.Ifyouneedadditionalinformation,refertoMicrosoftsmass
UsetheprovidedMSICommandL
installationdocumentationandcommandlined
ocumentation,orhttp://www.microsoft.com.
Related Topics
CustomSettings
EasyDeployment
MSI Command Line Options

Option Parameters
Description
/I
Package\ProductCode
Installso
rconfiguresaproduct.
/f
[p|o|e|d|c|a|u|m|s|v]
Repairsa
product.Thisoptionignoresanypropertyvaluesenteredonthecommandline.
thedefaultargumentlistforthisoptionis"pecms.Thisoptionsharesthesameargumentlist
astheREINSTALLMODEproperty.
p Reinstallso
nlyiffileismissing.
o Reinstallsiffileismissingoranolderversionisinstalled.
e Reinstallsiffileismissingoranequalorolderv ersion isinstalled.
d Reinstallsiffileismissingoradifferentversion isinstalled.
cReinstallsiffileismissingorthestoredchecksumd
oesnotmatchthecalculatedvalue.
OnlyrepairsfilesthathavemsidbFileAttributesChecksumintheAttributescolumnofthe
Filetable.
a Forcesa
llfilestobereinstalled.
u Rewritesa
llrequireduser-specificregistryentries.
mRewritesallrequiredcomputer-specificregistrye
ntries.
sOverwritesa
llexistingshortcuts.
vRunsfromsourceandrecachesthelocalp
ackage.Donotusethevreinstalloption for
thefirstinstallationofanapplicationorfeature.
Administrativeinstallationoption.Installsaproductonthenetwork.
Uninstallsa product.
Package\ProductCode
/a
/x
Package
/j
[u|m]Package
or
[u|m]Package/
or
[u|m]Package/
[i|w|e|a|r|u|c|m|o|p|v|x|+|!]
/l
Package\ProductCode
Advertisesa
product.Thisoptionignoresanypropertyvaluesenteredonthecommand line.
u Advertisestothecurrentuser.
mAdvertisestoallusersofmachine.
g Languageidentifier.
tAppliestransformtoadvertisedpackage.
Specifiesp
athtologfile.Flagsindicatewhichinformationtolog.
i Statusm
essages.
w Nonfatalwarnings.
e Allerrormessages.
a Startu
pofactions.
rAction-specificrecords.
u Userr equests.
cInitialUIparameters
mOut-of-memoryorfatalexitinformation.
o Out-of-disk-spacemessages.
p Terminalp
roperties.
vVerboseo utput.
xExtrad
ebugginginformation.OnlyavailableonWindowsServer2003.
+Appendtoexistingfile.
!Flushe
achlinetothelog.
"*"Wildcard,logallinformationexceptforthevandxoptions.Toincludethevandx
options,specify"/l*vx".
/m
filename
Generatesa
nSMSstatus.miffile.Mustbeusedwitheithertheinstall(-i),remove(-x),
administrativeinstallation(-a_,orreinstall(-f)options.TheISMIF32.DLLisinstalledas
partofSMSandmustbeonthepath.
Thefieldso
fthestatusmiffilearefilledwiththefollowinginformation:
Manufacturer
Author
Product
RevisionNumber
Version
Subject
Locale
Template
Serial N
umbernotset
Installation
setbyISMIF32.DLLto"DateTime
InstallStatusSuccessorF
ailed
DescriptionErrormessagesinthefollowingorder:
1 )Errormessagesgeneratedbyinstaller.
2 )ResourcefromMsi.dllifinstallationc ouldnotcommenceoruserexit.
3)Systemerrormessagefile.
4)Formattedmessage:"Installererror%i",where%iiserrorreturnedfromMsi.dll.
/p
PatchPackage[;patchPackage2...] Appliesa patch.Toapplyapatchtoaninstalledadministrativeimagey oumustcombine
optionsasfollows:
/p<PatchPackage>[;patchPackage2...]/a<Package>
/q
n|b|r|f
SetsU
serinterfacelevel.
q,
qbBasic
qrReduced
qfFull
qn+No
qb+Basic
qb-Basic
Notethatthe!optionisavailablewithWindowsInstallerversion2.0andw
orksonlywith
basicUI.ItisnotvalidwithfullUI.
/?or/h
Displaysc opyrightinformationforWindowsInstaller.
/y
Module
/z
Module
/c
/n
ProductCode
CallsthesystemAPI
Thisoptioni susedonlyforregistryinformationthatcannotbeaddedusingtheregistry
tablesofthe.msifile.
CallsthesystemAPI
Thisoptioni susedonlyforregistryinformationthatcannotberemovedusingtheregistry
tablesofthe.msifile.
Advertisesa
newinstanceoftheproduct.Mustbeusedinconjunctionwith/t.
Specifiesaparticularinstanceoftheproduct.Usedtoidentifyaninstanceinstalled
usingthemultipleinstancesupportthroughaproductcodechangingtransforms.
Related Topics
CustomSettings
EasyDeployment
Changing the Default Content File Location

Contentfilesincludeoutputstyles,filters,andconnections files.T
hesearetypicallyinstalledintheEndNoteprogramfolder.For
example
C:\ProgramFiles\EndNoteX6\Filters
However,youmaywanttoinstallthedefaultcontentfilesinafoldero
therthantheEndNoteprogramfolder.Youmaywanttouse
acommon,sharedfolderforallusersinyourorganization.
Note:Remembert hatEndNotecompilesstyle,filter,andconnectionfilelistsfromboththedefaultinstallationfolderandausers
personalcontentfolders.F
orinformationaboutsettingapersonalfolderlocation,seeFolderLocationsPreferences.
BelowaretwomethodsthatanadministratorcouldusetoruntheinstallerandtellEndNotetorelocatethe"main"contentfilelocations.T
he<path_to_content_folderss houldbesettotheparentpathofthecontentfolders.Forinstance,iftheStyles,Filters,and
ConnectionsfoldersarelocatedatD:\Shared\Content\,thenthatpathshouldbeusedforCFDIR.
Method 1: Specify a custom folder path via command line

Thismethodwillworkformostusers,whoinstallEndNotebylaunchingtheinstaller.ToinstallEndNotewithacustomcontent
filefoldersetting:
For EXE installations:
ENX6Inst.exeCFDIR=<path_to_content_folders>
For MSI installations:
msiexec.exe/IENX6Inst.msiCFDIR=<path_to_content_folders>
Thismethodisforsitesystemadministrators,whowanttheendusertoinstallordeploytheapplicationwithouttheuserchanging
settings.
UpdatethevalueoftheCFDIRpropertyinthePropertytable,savethetransform,andcreatethegrouppolicyo
bjecttodeploy
theinstallerwiththetransform.(Seethetransformd
ocumentationforthetoolyouareusing,suchasOrca).
Related Topics
CustomSettings
EasyDeployment
Installing All Content Files

Contentfilesincludeoutputstyles,filters,andconnections files.E
arlierreleasesofEndNoteinstalledallavailablecontentfiles.
Then
umberofpredefinedcontentfilesisnowinthethousands,andmayadverselya
ffectthespeedandperformanceofEndNote.
Yourusers,however,mayp
refertohaveaccess toallfiles.
Note:Youcancombinethiscommandalongwithchangingthedefaultcontentfilepath.SeeChangingtheD
efaultContentFile
Location.
Method 1: Change the setting via command line

Thismethodwillworkformostusers,whoinstallEndNotebylaunchingtheinstaller.ToinstallallcontentfileswithEndNote:
For EXE installations:
ENX6Inst.exeINSTALLALLCONTENTFILES=yes
For MSI installations:
msiexec.exe/IENX6Inst.msiINSTALLALLCONTENTFILES=yes
Method 2: Specify a custom folder path via transform;

Thismethodisforsitesystemadministrators,whowanttheendusertoinstallordeploytheapplicationwithouttheuserchanging
settings.
ChangethevalueoftheINSTALLALLCONTENTFILESpropertyto"yes"inthePropertytable,savethetransform,andcreate
thegrouppolicyo
bjecttodeploytheinstallerwiththetransform.(Seethetransformd
ocumentationforthetoolyouareusing,
suchasOrca.)
Related Topics
CustomSettings
EasyDeployment
Setting Local Find Full Text Preferences

Youcangloballysetthevalues fortheFindFullTextpanelunderEndNotePreferences.
JustasweshowunderChangingtheDefaultContentFileLocationandInstallingAllContentFiles,youcandothisviacommand
lineorbychangingt hesettingviatransform.Theseoptionsareavailable:
FFTUSEISILINKS=
FFTUSEDOI=
FFTUSEPUBMED=
FFTUSEOPENURL=
FFTOPENURLRESOLVER=
FFTAUTHENTICATEURL=
UseTorFtoselectordeselecttheWebofKnowledgeFullTextLinkscheckbox.
UseTorFtoselectordeselectthe"DOI"checkbox.
UseTorFtoselectordeselectthePubMedLinkOutcheckbox.
UseTorFtoselectordeselecttheOpenURLcheckbox.
Entera
URLfortheOpenURLPathtextbox.
Entera
URLfortheAuthenticatewithURLtextbox.
Related Topics
CustomSettings
EasyDeployment
Making Backups
Backing Up Your EndNote Files
Westronglyrecommendthatyoukeepseveralbackupcopiesofyourcriticalc omputerfiles,especiallyyourEndNotelibraries
andpapers thatyoua
rewriting.Therearemanywaysthatafilecanbedamaged:CDsandharddiskscanfail,virusescanerase
orcorruptf iles,and,ofcourse,thereisalwayshumanerrorandthepossibilityo
faccidentallythrowingawayyourthesisorgrant
proposalthedaybeforeitisdue.Ifyouhaveanykindofdisaster,bigorlittle,backupcopiesc ansaveyouhoursordaysofwork.
ThesimplestwaytomakeabackupistouseWindowsExplorerortheWindowsdesktoptocopyyourfilestoaC
Dorotherportablestoragedevice.ThiswillworkforyourEndNotelibrariesu
ntiltheyaretoolargetofitononeofthese.
Tobackuplargerfiles,orautomatethebackupprocess,useabackupp
rogram.Youroperatingsystemlikelyincludesabackup
program.Therearealsoanumberofcommercialbackupprogramsavailablethatmakeregularb
ackupseasyandefficient;these
programscanscanyourdiskforfilesthatyoudesignateasimportant,keeptrackofchanges,andsaveyoutimeb
ycopyingonly
thechangedfiles.Inaddition,theycansplitlargefiles,includingEndNotelibraries,amongseveraldisks.Ifyoueverneedthose
files,thebackupprogramcan"restore"themfromthedisks.
Backup Suggestions
Keepatleasttwosetsofbackupdisks,eachatadifferentlocation.W erecommendthatyouhavesetsforalternatedays,soif
youdiscoverthatsomethingwentwrongyesterday,youwillhavetheday-before-yesterdays v ersion.
Makearchivalsetsofthefileslistedabovewheneveryoufinishanimportantdocument.Anarchivalsetshouldincludeallofthe
filesthata
reneededtorecreateafinalformattedpaper.Labelthebackupdisks,lockthemandkeeptheminasafeplacefaraway
fromyourcomputer(preferably o
ff-site).Ifyoueverneedtorecreatethedocument,youwillhaveallo
fthenecessaryfiles.
Related Topics:
ImportantFilestoBackup
Important Files to Back Up

ThistopicliststheimportantEndNotefilestobackup.IfyoureceivedtheEndNoteprogramelectronically,youmaywanttostart
bybackinguptheEndNoteinstaller.
Thelibraryfile(filename.enl)iswhereallofyourreferencesarestored.Notethatexportingdatafromy ourlibraryisnotabackup.
Anexportfileisjustatextd
ocument,whereasanEndNotelibraryisadatabase.Makesureyoubacku
pboththefilewiththe
extension.
Saving and Restoring Compressed Libraries

YoucansaveanEndNotelibrary(thefilename.enlfile,itsassociated.DATAfolder,andallofitscontents)toasinglec ompressedfilecalledSample_Library_X6.enlxinordertobackupyourlibraryorsendacopytoacolleague.Later,youcanrestore
thec ompressedlibrarywithEndNote.
Creating a Compressed Library File
1. OpenthelibraryinEndNote.
2. FromtheFilemenu,selectCompressedLibrary(.enlx)todisplayaCompressedLibrarydialog.
3. Usetheradiobuttonstodeterminetheseoptions:
l SpecifywhetheryouwanttoCreateacompressedlibraryortoCreate&Emailthelibrary.
l Specifywhetheryouwanttosavefileattachmentswiththelibraryo
rnot.
l Specifywhetheryouwanttosaveallreferencestothecompressedlibrary,onlytheselected(highlighted)references,or
onlythereferencesinaspecificgrouporgroupset.
l ClickN
exttodisplayafiledialog.
4. Savethecompressedlibrary(defaultnameisSample_Library_X6.enlx)toafolderonyourharddrive.Youcanrenamethefile
namebutyoucannotusethefollowingcharacters.
Invalid characters for naming a compressed library
\
/
:
*
?
"
<
>
|
(backs lash)
(forwards lash)
(colon)
(asterisk)
(questionm
ark)
(quotationm
ark)
(lessthan)
(greaterthan)
(verticalb
ar)
5. IfyouselectedtheCreate&Emailoption,EndNotewilllaunchyourdefaultemailsystem,createa
newemail,andattach
thecompressedlibraryfiletotheemail.
Enteradditionalinformationtotheemail,suchasarecipient,subject,a
ndmessage.ClicktheSendbutton.
Restoring a Compressed Library File
1. UseEndNote(versionXorlater)toopenthefilename.enlxfile,whichwillextractthe.ENLfileandthe.DATAfoldertothe
samefolderwherethe.enlxfileislocated.
2. UseEndNotetoopenthefilename.enlfileasyounormallywouldtousethelibrary.
Custom Reference Types

Thec urrentreferencetypestableappliestoalllibrariesopenedunderthec urrentuseraccount.
Tobackupcustomreferencetypes:
1. Fromt heEditmenu,s electPreferences.
2. ClicktheReferenceTypesoptioninthelistofpreferences.
3. UnderR
eferenceTypeTable,clickExporttodisplayafiledialog.
4. Namet hefile,selectafolderwhereyouwillbeabletofinditlater,a
ndclickSave.EndNotewillappendan.xmlsuffixto
thefilename.
Torestorethereferencetypetable:
1. Fromt heEditmenu,s electPreferences.

2. ClicktheReferenceTypesoptioninthelistofpreferences.
3. UnderR
eferenceTypeTable,clickImport.
4. Inthefiledialog,locate,highlight,andOpenthe.xmlfilethatwaspreviouslyexported.
Modified Styles, Filters, and Connection Files

Modifiedstyles areimportanttobackupsothatyoudonothavetorecreatethebibliographicformatifsomethinghappenstoyour
customizedstyle.S
imilarly,customfiltersandconnectionfilesshouldbebackedupsothatyoudonothavetoredotheworkto
getyourreferencestoimporta
syouwantthem.
Whenyoudisplayalistofstyles,filters,orconnectionfiles,thelistiscompiledfromboththedefaultinstallationfoldersaswellas
y ourpersonalfolders.
ThedefaultStyles,Connections,andFiltersfoldersareinstalledint heEndNoteprogramfolder:
ProgramF
iles\EndNoteX6\Styles
ProgramFiles\EndNoteX6\Filters
ProgramFiles\EndNoteX6\Connections
Ifyouhavenotmodifiedthesefiles,itisnotimportanttomakebackupso
fthembecauseyoucanalwaysreinstallthemwiththe
EndNoteInstaller.
Onceyoumakeachangetooneofthesefiles,orcreateanewfile,itissavedtoyourpersonalStyles,Filters,orConnections
folder.Thesefoldersaretypicallyfoundin
Windows XP:
DocumentsandSettings\[Username]\MyDocuments\EndNote\
Windows Vista:Users\[Username]\Documents\EndNote
Windows 7:Users\[Username]\Documents\EndNote
Youcanchangethelocationofyourpersonalf olderswithFolderpreferences.TolocateorchangeyourpersonalF
olderlocations,
ocations.
seeFolderL
Word Processing Documents

Thepapers youhavewrittenthatincludeEndNotecitationsshouldbek eptwithyourEndNotebackupfiles.
Related Topics:
BackingU
pYourEndNoteFiles
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting EndNote
Troubleshooting EndNote
Fordocumentationupdatesandcorrectionnotesforthisrelease,refertotheReadme.txtfileinstalledintheE
ndNoteX6folder.
Forlate-breakingnewsandupdates,pleasegoto:http://www.endnote.com/support.
Foralistoffrequentlyaskedquestions,see:http://www.endnote.com/faqs.
These are common issues:
Commandsaredimmedandnotavailable
l
l
l
l
Displayingextended/specialcharacters
OpeninganEndNoteX6librarywithEndNote8or9
TheEndNotelibraryiscorrupted
Cannotsaveamodifiedstyle,filter,orconnectionfile
For topics that are specific to Cite While You Write:

l TroubleshootingCiteWhileYouWrite
For topics that are specific to online connections:
l Troubleshootingconnections
Commands are Dimmed and Not Available

MenuitemsinEndNotemaynotbeavailabledependingonwhichmodeiss electedintheLibrarywindow:
l Wheny oufirstcreatealibrary,IntegratedLibrary&OnlineSearchM
odeisineffect.Allgroupsandmostmenucommandsare
available.
l WhenOnlineSearchModeisineffect,theonlygroupsavailableintheL
ibrarywindow areOnlineSearches,aswellasthe
automaticgroupsOnlineReferencesandOnlineTrash.Youcannotsavechangestoindividualreferencesormakeglobal
editsinthelibrary.
l LocalL
ibraryModedoesnotdisplayOnlineGroups.Itdisplaysautomaticgroups,c ustomgroups,andsmartgroups.Itkeeps
youfrominadvertentlydownloadingreferences foundduringanonlinesearchintoyourcurrentlyopenlibrary.
Usetheseiconsonthetoolbartoswitchbetweenmodes:
Forafulldescriptionofthethreemodes,seeTheL
ibraryWindow DisplayModes.
Commandsmayalsobedimmeddependinguponwhichpartofthewindowisactive.Forexample,iftheGroups panelisactivein
theLibrarywindow,a
ndnoreferenceisselectedinthereferencelist,theEditReferencesc ommandwillnotbeavailablefromthe
Referencesmenu.Itwouldnotmakes enseinthiscontext,sincethereisnoreferenceselected.
Displaying Extended/Special Characters

Importing Unicode Characters
WhenyouarecopyingtextfromtheWeb,orviewinga
nHTMLdocumentexportedfromEndNote,setencodingtoUnicode(UTF8).T
odothisinInternetExplorer,gototheViewmenuandselectE
ncoding.
Iftheencodinginformationintheimportfileisnotrecognized,norecordswillbeimportedintoEndNote.Iftheencodingisrecognized,b
utisincorrectfortranslationfromthesourceprogram,Unicodecharactersw
illbecorruptedduringtheImportoperation.
SeealsoProblemsWithRetrievedData.
Displaying Unicode Characters in EndNote

EndNoteusesUnicodetoencodespecialcharacters,sothatdatacanb
eeasilytranslatedbetweenplatforms,programs,andlanguages.Ifcharactersd
onotappearastheyshouldinEndNote,youmayneedtochangeyourdisplayfont.Somefontsdonot
includecertaincharacters(youmayseeboxesratherthantext).
FromtheEditm
enu,selectPreferences,andthenclicktheDisplayFontsoption.WerecommendusingaUnicodefontasthedisplayfont,todisplaythemajorityo
fUnicodecharacters.
Changing Language Settings

Youlikely willneedlanguagep
acksinstalledinordertoviewUnicodedoublebytecharacterscorrectlyinallinstances.(Thisisa
Windowsrequirement,notanEndNoterequirement.)
EndNoteusesthedefaultlanguageandlocalesettingsfromyouroperatings ystem.Whileyoumaynotneedt oinstallalanguage
packtoviewextendedcharactersinareference(becauseyouhaveafontinstalledthatcanrenderthecharactersyoun
eed),
theremaybeatimewhenyouneedtochangeyourWindowsLanguages etting.
TochangetheLocale/Languages etting:
1. FromtheStartmenuunderWindows,selectoneofthese,dependingo
nyoursystemversion:
Settings>ControlPanel>RegionalandLanguageOptions>Languagestab
Start>ControlPanel>RegionalOptions>GeneralTab
2. Usethetabtovieworchangethelocaleand/orlanguagesandmethodsyoucanusetoentertext.Youmaybeaskedfora
CDthatcontainsthelanguagepackyourequested.ThisisaC Davailableforyouroperatingsystem,andisnotprovided
withEndNote.
3. Afterchangingthelanguagesetting,usetheRecoverL
ibrarycommandtorebuildexistingEndNotelibraries.SeeR
ecoveringaDamagedLibrary.
Opening an EndNote X6 Library with EndNote 8 or 9

EndNoteX6canopenEndNote8
or9librarieswithabsolutelynoproblems.Technically,EndNote8andE
ndNote9canopen
librariescreatedwithEndNoteX6,butwedonotrecommendit.
BecauseEndNoteX6includese
nhancements,youmayencounteroneofthefollowingsituations,andpossiblyo
thers,when
openinganEndNoteX6librarywithEndNote8or9.
When I attempt to open an EndNote library, EndNote crashes

WhenyoureceivedyourcopyoftheEndNoteX6library,itdidnotincludethe.DATAfolderassociatedwithit.T
he.DATAfolder
isacriticalpartofyourlibrary.
YoumustgetanothercopyoftheEndNoteX6library,includingthe.DATAfolderassociatedwithit.
When I open an EndNote X6 library, it appears to be blank
WhenyoureceivedyourcopyoftheEndNoteX6library,itdidnotincludethe.DATAfolderassociatedwithit.The.DATAfolderis
acriticalpartofyourlibrary.
Ifyouhavenotmodifiedtheblanklibraryinanyway(suchasaddinganewreference),youcansimplycopytheoriginal.DATA
foldertothefoldercontainingtheblanklibrary(replacingthenew.DATAfoldercreatedbyEndNote8or9).Itshouldnowopencorrectly.IftheoriginalDATAfolderisnotavailable,deletethe.DATAfolderthatwascreatedbyEndNote8
or9,andyouwillbe
abletoopenthelibrarywithEndNoteX6(whichwillrecreatetheappropriate.DATAfolder).
Ifyouhavemodifiedtheblanklibrary,allpreviousreferenceinformationislost.YoumustreloadacopyoftheoriginalEndNoteX6
library,includingthe.DATAfolder.
The Korean sort order is lost
EndNoteXandlaterincludedaKoreansortoption;EndNote8or9
willignoretheKoreansortoption,andwilldefaulttothefirst
itemintheSortlist(SystemDefaultorEnglish).
Saved groups are lost
EndNoteX1andlaterincludetheabilitytosavegroups ofrecordsinalibrary;EndNote8or9willignoregroups.
Some references incorrectly use the Generic reference type
EndNoteXandEndNoteX2includednewreferencetypes.EndNote8or9
willdisplayandprinttheGenericreferencetypefor
thosereferencese
nteredintothenewreferencetypes.
Existing File Links are not working
EndNote8and9donotsupportrelativepaths forattachedfiles.Wheny ouuseEndNoteX6toinsertafilewitharelativepath,and
thenopent hatlibrarywithEndNote8or9,youwillseeafilepaththatisnota
functioninghyperlink.
Note:Donotmodifythenon-functioningrelativelink,oryouwillbreakthelink.
IfEndNoteX6userswillb
esharinglibrarieswithEndNote8or9users,werecommendenteringeachfiletwiceoncewitharelativepath(forEndNoteXandlater)a
ndoncewithanabsolutepath(forEndNote8and9).
1. First,u
seFileAttachments>LinktoFiletolinkthefilewitharelativepath.Onthefiledialog,makesuretoselectthe"Copy
thisfiletothedefaultfileattachments folderandcreatearelativelink"checkbox.
2. UseF
ileAttachments >LinktoFiletolinkthefileagain,thistimew ithanabsolutepath.Onthefiledialog,makesuretoclear
the" Copythisfiletothedefaultfileattachments folderandcreatearelativelink"checkbox.Navigatetotheexistingfileinthe
.Data/PDFsubfolderforthatreferencea
ndinsertit.
Thiswillcreatearelativelinkandanabsolutelinktothesamedocument.
Whileyoucouldinsertfilesonlyasabsolutelinks,youwouldlosetheabilitytoeasilyandaccuratelytransferattachedfilesto
otherc olleaguesusingEndNoteX6.Absolutelinksrequirethesamefolderstructureoneachmachine.
The EndNote Library is Corrupted

Anytimeyoufeelyourlibrarymaybecorrupted:
1. Backupthelibrary.Do notreplaceanypreviousbackupcopies,justincaseyouneedthem!
2. FromtheToolsmenu,runtheRecoverLibraryoperationtorebuildthelibrary.SeeRecoveringa
DamagedLibraryformore
informationaboutthiscommand.
Note:DuetoabugintheMacintoshSystem,youmayencounterdatabasecorruptionwhenyourEndNotelibraryisstoredonan
SMB(Windows)server,youareaccessingitfromaMacintoshrunningOS10.4.x,andyoumakechangesthatrequirereindexing
data.Ifthisshouldhappen,copythelibrarytoyourlocalcomputer(oraMacintoshserver)andruntheRecoverLibraryoperation
fromtheToolsmenuinEndNote.
Cannot Save a Style, Filter, or Connection File (Windows)

Youhaveeditedacontentfile(astyle,filter,orconnectionfile),butwhenyoutrytosavethefileyoucannotchooseSave,but
mustc hooseSaveAstosaveacopy.
Thestyles,filters,andconnectionfilesprovidedwithEndNoteareinstalledintheStyles,Filters,andConnectionsfoldersw
hich
aretypicallylocatedintheEndNoteprogramfolder:
C:\ProgramFiles\EndNoteX6\Filters
However,whenyoucreateanewfile,ormodify oneoftheinstalledfiles,thefileissavedinoneofyourpersonalfolders.By
default,yourpersonalfoldersaresetto:
Windows XP:
C:\DocumentsandSettings\[UserName]\MyDocuments\EndNote\Styles
C:\DocumentsandSettings\[UserName]\MyDocuments\EndNote\Filters
C:\DocumentsandSettings\[UserName]\MyDocuments\EndNote\Connections
Windows Vista:
Windows 7:
WhenyoudisplayalistoffilesinEndNote,thelistisc ompiledfrombothfolderlocations:theinstallationfoldersfoundintheEndNoteprogramfolder,plusyourpersonalfolders.Formoreinformationaboutthesefolderlocations,andhowtochangethem,see
FolderL
Ifyouwanttomakeamodifiedfileavailabletoallusers,y oumustloginasanadministratortocopythefiletotheprogramfolder
location.
Tomakeafileavailabletoallusers:
1. Editt hefileasneededandsaveacopytoyourpersonalfolder.
2. Logoffasthecurrentuser.
3. Loginagainwithadministrativerights.
4. Copyt hemodifiedfilefromyourpersonalfoldertotheappropriatesharedf olderintheEndNoteX6programfolder.
Troubleshooting Cite While You Write

Troubleshooting Cite While You Write
ForamoreextensivelistofissuesandupdatesconcerningCiteWhileYouWrite,pleasegoto:http://www.endnote.com/support.
Foralistoffrequentlyaskedquestions,see:http://www.endnote.com/faqs.
ThesearecommonCWYWissues:
l
l
l
l
l
l
NoEndNoteCommandsinWord
TwoEndNotetoolbarsappearinW ord
Wordcrashesorgivesanerrorwheninsertingalargenumberofcitations
GarbledADDIN
CorruptedWorddocuments
Insertedcitationsdisappear,butreferencelistiscreated
No EndNote Commands in Word

EndNotecommandsareavailableinMicrosoftW
ord2003,2007,2010,andOpenOffice.orgWriter3.
l InWord2003,EndNotec ommandsappearontheToolsmenuinanEndNoteX6submenu.
l InWord2007and2010,E
ndNotecommandsappearonanEndNoteX6tab.
l InWriter,EndNotecommandsa
ppearonanEndNoteX6menu.
BeforeyouattempttoRepairorModifyyourEndNoteinstallationino
rdertouseCiteWhileYouWrite,youmustmakesurethat
yourwordprocessorisnotrunning.CloseallMicrosoftOfficeandOpenOffice.orgapplications.F
orOpenOffice.org,youmust
alsoclosetheOpenOffice.orgQuickstarterthatmayappearinyourSystemT
ray.Right-clickontheiconandclickExitQuickstarter.
Repairing the Installation
IfyouupgradedyourversionofMicrosoftWordorOpenOffice.orgWritera
fterinstallingEndNote,orCiteWhileYouWritecommandsdonotappearinWordorWriterforsomeotherreason,youshouldruntheinstallationp
rogramagain.
Run the EndNote installer file to Repair the installation:
2. RuntheEndNoteinstallerfilefromdiskorCD.
3. SelectR
epair,andthenclickNext.
Or, run the EndNote installer from the Control Panel to Repair the installation:
3. SelectA
ddorRemovePrograms.
4. HighlightEndNoteX6,andthenclickChange.
5. SelectR
epair,andthenclickNext.
YourentireEndNoteinstallationischeckedandrepairedasneeded.
Modifying the Installation
IfyouinitiallydidaCustominstall,anddidnotinstallCiteWhileYouWritefiles,youneedtomodify yourinstallationtoinstallthe
appropriatefiles.
Run the EndNote installer file to Modify the installation:
2. RuntheEndNoteinstallerfilefromdiskorCD.
3. SelectM
odifyandclickNext.
4. Makes urethattheappropriateitemisselectedforyourwordprocessor:
a. ForMicrosoftWord,underW
ordTemplates/Add-in,selectCiteWhileYouWriteforMicrosoftW
ordfor
installation.
b. ForOpenOffice.orgWriter,s electOpenOffice.orgExtensionforinstallation.
5. ClickNext.
Or, run the EndNote installer from the Control Panel to Modify the installation:
3. SelectA
ddorRemovePrograms.
4. HighlightEndNoteX6,andthenclickChange.
5. SelectM
odify,andthenclickNext.
6. Makes urethattheappropriateitemisselectedforyourwordprocessor:
a. ForMicrosoftWord,underW
ordTemplates/Add-in,selectCiteWhileYouWriteforMicrosoftW
ordfor
installation.
b. ForOpenOffice.orgWriter,s electOpenOffice.orgExtensionforinstallation.
7. ClickNext.
Whenwordprocessorsupportiscorrectlyinstalled,youwillseeEndNotec ommandsontheTools>EndNoteX6submenuin
Word2003,onanEndNoteX6tabinWord2007,oronanEndNoteX6menuinOpenOffice.orgWriter.
Adding the EndNote Extension to OpenOffice.org Writer
ItispossiblethattheappropriateCiteWhileYouWritefileswereinstalledforOpenOffice.orgWriter,buttheextensionwasnot
appropriatelyloadedintoWriter.
ToloadtheEndNoteextensioninOpenOffice.orgWriter:
riter,gototheToolsmenuandselectExtensionManager.
2. ClickA
dd.
3. Inthefiledialog,navigatetothefolder
ProgramFiles\CommonFiles\ResearchSoft\CWYW\13.SelectthefilecalledEndNote.oxt,andthenc lickOpen.TheEndNoteCiteWhileYouWriteextensionwillnowappearinthelist.
4. ClickC
lose.
5. ExitOpenOffice.orgWriterandthenrestartittoloadthenewEndNoteC
iteWhileYouWriteextension.
EndNotecommandsshouldappearonanEndNoteX6menu.
Two EndNote Toolbars appear in Word (Windows)

WhenyouhaveanearlierversionofEndNoteinstalled,andlaterinstallE
ndNoteX6,theremayb
esituationswheretheprevious
versionsCiteWhileYouWritefilesa
renotremoved.YoumayseetwoEndNotetoolbarsinMicrosoftWord,andy oumaysee
twoEndNotesubmenusontheToolsmenuinWord.
TocompletelyremovetheoldCiteWhileYouWriteadd-in:
1. LocatetheWordStartupfolder.
SeeyourMicrosoftWorddocumentationabouthowtoviewa
ndmanageadd-ins;youwillbeabletoseewhichadd-insare
loadedandw
heretheyarelocated.
2. Quitf romWord.
3. Deletea
lloftheCWYWfilesfoundintheStartupfolder,suchasthesefilesforEndNoteX:
EN10Cwyw.dot
EN10Cwyw.wll
EN10Cwyw.WordXP.wll
EarlierversionsofEndNotewillshowsimilarfiles,w
ithaslightlydifferentprefix.
Note:TheStartupfolderforWordishiddenbydefault.Youlikelywillneedtoeitherenterthefullpathtothefolder,orturnon
"Showhiddenfilesandfolders"inWindowsExplorer.
4. RestartW
ord.
Word crashes or gives an error when inserting a large number of citations

EndNoteusesWord'shiddenfieldcodeswhenformattingcitations,andinsertsallthereferenceinformationforallofthegrouped
citationsinthesecodes.However,thereisalimittotheamountoftextthatMicrosofta
llows inasinglesetoffieldcodes.You
mayreachthemaximumlimitw
henyouattempttoinsert20ormorecitationsforreferencesthathavee
xtensiveinformationin
them(suchaslargeabstracts).
Toavoidthisissue,trynottoinsertalargegroupofcitationsallatonce.Instead,insertasmallgroupofreferences,thenaspace,
andtheninsertanothersmallgroupofreferences.Thisavoidshavingasingleg
roupofformattedcitationsthatwouldexceed
Word'sfieldcodelimitations.
WhenyouuseInsertSelectedCitations,orhighlightmultiplecitationstoinsertfromtheFindCitationsdialog,EndNotelimitsyou
to250citationsinasinglegroup.
Related Topics:
CorruptedW orddocuments
GarbledA
DDIN
Insertedc itationsdisappear,butreferencelistiscreated
Garbled ADDIN
WhenyouinsertacitationintoaWorddocument,thecitationisembeddedinfieldcodes,suchas:
Fieldcodesholdreferenceinformationforyourformattedcitations,a
ndaretypicallyhidden.
TohidefieldcodesinWord:
Word 2003:
1. InWord,gototheToolsmenuandselectOptions.
2. OntheViewtab,cleartheboxtitled"FieldC
odes."
3. ClickOK.
Word 2007 and 2010:
1. InWord,clicktheMicrosoftOfficebuttoninthet opleftcorner.
2. ClicktheWordOptionsbutton.
3. ClickAdvanced.
4. Scrolltothe"Showdocumentcontent"sectiona
ndcleartheboxtitled"Showfieldcodesinsteadoftheirvalues."
5. ClickOK.
Note:A
neasywaytoturnfieldcodesonoroffistopressAlt+F9.
1. InWord,gototheWordmenuandselectPreferences.
2. OntheViewmenu,cleartheboxtitled"FieldC odes."
3. ClickOK.
Yourcitationswillnowappearcorrectinthedocument.Fieldcodesa
restillthere,andarenecessary,buttheyarehiddenfrom
view.
Related Topics:
Wordc rashesorgivesanerrorwheninsertingalargenumberofcitations
Corrupted Word Documents

TheUnformatCitationscommandmayhelpyourestoreacorruptedWordd
ocument.ItcanalsobehelpfultouseUnformatCitationstoavoidcorruptioninthefirstplace.
ProblemscanoccurwhenyouhavemanycitationsinyourWorddocument,a
ndyoueithermovemanycitationsaroundinthedocument,ormakemanye
ditstoreferencesintheassociatedEndNotelibrary.IfyouUnformatC
itationsbeforeyoubeginmaking
edits,youcanavoidpossibleissues.
TorestoreacorruptedWorddocument(Word2003):
1. Beforeyoubegin,pleasebackupyourWorddocumenta
ndtheassociatedEndNotelibrary.(Donotreplaceaprevious
backup.)
2. InWord,openanewBlankDocument.
3. GototheInsertmenu,andselectFile.
4. InserttheproblematicWorddocumentintothisn
ewblankdocument.
5. FromtheTools>EndNotemenu,selectFormatBibliography.
Ifthedocumentisstillnotformattingcorrectly,continuetothen
extstep.
Note:T
henextstepremovestheTravelingLibraryfromthisdocument,somakes ureyouhavethelibraryavailablethat
containsthesereferences.
6. FromtheTools>EndNotemenu,selectUnformatC
itationstoconvertthecitationsintothetemporaryformatandremove
thereferencelistfromtheendofthedocument.
7. QuitfromWord(andOutlookifitisopen).
8. StartWordagain,andopenjusttheunformattedd
ocument.Ifyouneedtomovelargesectionsofthedocumentaround,o
r
deletecitations,doitatthispoint.
9. OpenEndNoteandtheassociatedlibrary.
10. InWord,gototheTools>EndNotemenuands electFormatBibliographyagain.
Related Topics:
GarbledA
DDIN
Inserted citations disappear, but reference list is created

Mostlikely,youareformattingwithanoutputstylethatdoesn'tincludea
citationdefinition,suchasthe"ShowAllFields"output
styleorthe"Chicago15thA"outputstyle.Tofixthis,simplyformatthebibliographywithadifferentoutputstyle.
Toreformatwithadifferentoutputstyle:
1. Word 2003:InWord,gotoTools>EndNotemenuandselectFormatBibliography.
ntheEndNotetab,intheBibliographygroup,clickthebottomcornera
rrow.)
OpenOffice.org Writer:InWriter,gototheEndNotemenuandselectFormatB
ibliography.
2. Inthedropdownoutputstylelist,selecttheoutputs tyleyou'dliketouse.Agenericoutputstyleyoucanuseforthisp
urposeisthe"Author-Date"style.YoucanclicktheBrowseb
uttontochoosefromotheravailableoutputstyles.
3. ClickOKtoformatthedocumentusingtheselecteds tyle.
Ifyouareusinganauthor/yeartypeofoutputstyle,andthereferencey ouarecitingdoesnotincludeanauthororayear,therewill
benothingtodisplayinthecitation.Thecitationwillsimplynotshowup,althoughthefullformwillappearinthereferencelistat
theendofthedocument.
Related Topics:
CiteWhileY
ouWriteInstallationProblems
GarbledA
DDIN
Troubleshooting Online Connections

Troubleshooting Connections
Whenconnectingwithanonlinedatabase,thereareatleasttwocomputersinvolvedincompletingthetasksyouwishtoperform:
yoursandthedatabaseserver.Mostoften,thereareintermediarycomputersaswell,suchasDomainNameServers(DNS),
proxyservers,andfirewalls.Withmorethanjustyourcomputerinvolved,things cangetcomplicated.
Themostbasicproblemyoucanencounterwithconnectionsisthefailuretoconnectatall.Therearefourwaysyoumayexperiencethisproblem:
l EndNotecannotc onnecttotheInternet
l EndNotecannotfindthehost
l >EndNotecannotc onnecttothehost
l EndNotecannotc ommunicatewiththehost
Related Topics:
ErrorsE
ncounteredWhileRetrievingReferences
ProblemsW
ithRetrievedData
TheConnectionErrorDialog
Online Search Groups are Not Available

IfyourEndNotelibraryisdisplayedinLocalLibraryMode,OnlineSearchg
roups aresuppressed.Displaymodesareselectedby
usingiconso
nthetoolbar:
Whenyoufirstcreatealibrary,IntegratedLibrary&OnlineSearchM
odeisineffect.Allgroupsandmostmenucommandsare
available,includingO
nlineSearchgroups.IfyouexecuteanonlinesearchwhileinIntegratedLibrary&OnlineSearchMode,the
retrievedreferencesaresaveddirectlytoyouropenlibrary.
WhenOnlineSearchModeisineffect,theonlygroupsavailableintheL
ibrarywindow areOnlineSearchgroups,aswellasthe
automaticgroupsOnlineReferencesandOnlineTrash.Ifyouexecuteanonlinesearchw
hileinOnlineSearchMode,retrieved
referencesaredownloadedintoa
temporarylibrary,andyoumustusetheReferences>CopyReferencesc ommandtocopy
selectedreferencestoapermanentEndNotelibrary.
LocalLibraryModedoesnotdisplayOnlineSearchgroups.Itdisplaysautomaticgroups,customgroups,andsmartgroups.It
keepsyoufrominadvertentlydownloadingreferencesfoundduringano
nlinesearchintoyourcurrentlyopenlibrary.Youcanstill
selectOnlineS
earchfromtheToolsmenu,whichwouldswitchyourdisplaytoOnlineS
earchMode.Or,usethetoolbartoselect
eitherIntegratedLibrary&O
nlineSearchModeorOnlineSearchModesothattheOnlineSearchgroupsb
ecomeavailable.
Problems Connecting to the Internet

Ingeneral,ifyouareabletouseaWebbrowserorotherInternetsoftware,y oushouldalsobeabletoconnectwithEndNote.Try
usingyourWebbrowsertomakesureyourInternetconnectionisworking.
Dial-up Connections
YourcomputersystemincludessoftwaretoconnecttotheInternetthrougha
modemconnectedtoyourtelephoneline.Youneed
tosetuptheWindowsd
ialupconnections softwareinordertoconnectwithyourInternetprovider.
Inmostcases,tryingtoconnectinEndNotewillstartupyourdialupsoftwareautomatically.Somenetworkingpackagesrequire
thatyouestablishthedialupconnectionmanuallybeforetryingtoconnectinEndNote.
Problems Finding the Host

ThereareafewpossibilitiesforwhatcouldbewrongifEndNotecannotfindthehost:
l Thedomainnamespecifiedintheconnectionfileiswrong.
l Yournetworksoftwared
oesnothavethecorrectaddressfortheDomainNameServer.
l YourDomainNameS
erverisnotworking.
Iftheconnectionfilehasworkedinthepast,theproblemmayliewiththeDomainNameServer.Ifyouhavejustmadetheconnectionfileyourselfa
nditsneverworkedbefore,youprobablyenteredthewrongServerAddress.
IfyoususpectproblemswiththeDomainNameServer,contactyournetworka
dministrator.
Problems Connecting
Oncethehostisfound,EndNotetriestoconnect.Itsendsaconnectionrequesttothehostandwaitsforuptotwominutesfora
reply.Itmayreceivenone,oritmayreceivearefusalimmediately.Inthefirstcasey ouwillseeatime-outerrormessage,andin
thesecondcaseyouwills eea"hostrefusedconnection"errormessage.
Ifyouwaitfortwominutesandreceiveatime-outmessage,theonlinec omputerisdownforsomereason.Tryagainlater.
Ifyoureceivearefusalmessage,andthishappensnomatterwhichconnectionfileyoutrytouse,youaremostlikelybehindafirewall.
Firewalls
Yoursystemmaybeconfiguredwithafirewalltoblockcertainports.Toconnecttoadatabasefrombehindafirewall,youmust
askyournetworka
dministratortoallowcommunicationthroughthefirewallfortheportu
sedbytheonlinedatabaseyouwishto
search.Youcanopentheconnectionf iletofindtheappropriateserveraddressandportnumber,asdescribedbelow.
Dependingupontheconfigurationofthefirewall,theadministratorm
ayallowcommunicationtoallcomputersoutsidethefirewall
ontherequestedp
ort,orcommunicationtoaspecificserverandport.
Proxy Servers
Yourorganization,ortheonlinedatabaseprovider,mayuseaproxys ervertoallowonlyvalidusersaccesstotheorganizations
networka
nd/ordatabase.Contactanetworkadministratorfromtheorganizationtofindoutwhetheraproxyserverisused.
Ifyoualreadyhaveaccess totheremotenetworkwithyourWebbrowser,c hecktheconfigurationofyourWebbrowser.Lookfor
"proxies"or"proxyserver."(SeeyourWebBrowserdocumentationtolocateproxyserversettings,asthelocationchanges
dependingonwhichversiony ouareusing.)Theconfigurationforaproxyserverhastwopiecesofinformation:anaddressanda
port.
Note:IfInternetExplorerisconfiguredforusewithaproxyserver,EndNotew
illautomaticallyhandletheproxyserverwhen
accessinghttp-basedconnections(PubMedandWebofScience.IfyoudonotuseInternetExplorer,c onfigureproxysettings
withtheInternetOptionsintheWindowsControlP
anel.
Finding the Server Address and Port
Beforeyoucontactyournetworkadministrator,c hecktheappropriateEndNoteconnectionfilefortheaddressoftheservera
nd
theportspecified.
Toobtaintheserveraddressandport:
1. Fromt heEditmenu,selectConnectionFilesandselectOpenConnectionM
anager.
2. SelecttheappropriateconnectionfileandclickEdit.
3. IntheC
onnectionFilewindow,clicktheConnectionSettingsoption.
YouwillfindtheserveraddressandtheportontheConnectionSettingsp
anel.
Dependingupontheconfigurationofthefirewall,theadministratorm
ayallowcommunicationtoallcomputersoutsidethefirewall
ontherequestedp
ort,orcommunicationtoaspecificserverandport.
Communicating with Local Database Servers or Gateways

ManyuniversitiesandorganizationslicenseZ
39.50databasesforuseo
ntheirownservers,orforaccessfromalocalgateway.
Thecompanyp
rovidingthedatabaseswillincludeclientsoftwareforaccessingthed
atabases.SomeZ39.50serversare
designedtorespondonlytorequestsfromthisclientsoftware.Inothercases,theservermustbeconfiguredt oallowrequests
fromsoftwareotherthanthesuppliedclientprogram.
IfyourorganizationmaintainsZ39.50databases,butyouareunabletoconnecttothemwithEndNote,askyournetworkadministratorifthed
atabaseserversupportsclientsoftwareotherthanthatsuppliedbythed
atabaseprovider.
Problems Communicating with the Host

Onceyouareconnected,themostcommonproblemincommunicatingwithahostserverisapasswordproblem.Checkyour
passwordanduserID.C
hecktheupperorlowercaserequirements.Ifapasswordisrejected,y ouwillseeanerrormessagethat
sayssomethinglike"Serverhasrejectedinitialization."SeeAccess-R estrictedDatabases.
The Connection Error Dialog

Whensearchinganonlinedatabase,ifthereisaproblemwiththedatabase,thesearchterms,ortheconnectionfile,EndNote
presentsanerrormessagedescribingthesourceoftheproblem.TheconnectionerrordialogdisplaystheoriginalZ39.50error
message,ifavailable,EndNotestranslatedv ersionofthaterror,andanyothermessagebeingsentdirectlyfromtheserver.
Errors Encountered While Retrieving References

Forvariousreasons,somereferencescauseerrorsduringretrieval.IfEndNoteencountersanerrorwhileretrievingreferences
fromanonlines ource,itstopstheretrievalprocess.Inordertogettherestofthereferences,itisbesttosubmitthesearchagain,
andthistimerequestthereferencesstartdownloadingwiththeoneafterthereferencewhichm
ighthavecausedanerror.For
example,iftheerrorappearedwhilethet enthreferenceoutoffiftywasbeingretrieved,submitthesearchagain,a
ndwhen
prompted,askonlyforreferences11through50toberetrieved.
EndNotetypicallyretrievesreferencesinbatches,forspeedandmemoryreasons.However,someserversaretooslow,ortheir
recorddataistoolarge,tosupportbatchdownloads.Ifyoufindthatyourconnectionwitha
serviceproviderfailsafterapproximatelythesameamountofdataeachtimeyouattempttodownloadreferences,youcantryturningoffbatchp
rocessing.Youwill
needtoopentheconnectionfileyouareusing,asdescribedunderEditingaConnectionFile,anddeselecttheBatchDownload
optiondescribedu
nderTheConnectionS
ettings.
Problems With Retrieved Data

Blank records
Ifblankrecordsappearinyourreferencelist,itcouldbeduetoanumberofcauses.Onethingtocheckiswhetheryourfiltersettingsintheconnectionfilematchtheformatoftheretrievedrecords.OpentheconnectionfileandviewtheTemplatessection.
AlsoshowtheConnections tatus window,andchangeitsviewtoshowRecordData.Thetwoformatsn
eedtomatchinorderfor
thedatatoimport.
Sometimes,whenviewingtherecorddataintheConnectionStatuswindow,y ouwillnoticethatthereisnobibliographicinformationforareferencethatwasretrieved.Thishappenssometimeswhereduplicateorblankentriesremainintheonlinedatabase.
Thesecanbeignored.
Asterisks in author names or titles

Forsomedatabases,diacriticalcharactersintheauthornamesandtitlesc annotbeinterpretedcorrectlywhenEndNoteretrieves
thereferences.Insuchcases,thediacriticalcharactersarereplacedwithanasterisk(*).UsetheChangeT
extcommandinthe
Referencesmenutochangethenameswiththeasteriskstothenamewiththediacriticalcharactersastheyshouldbe.
In exported references, extended characters appear as boxes
Youved
ownloadedreferencesfromanonlinesource,andtheydisplaycorrectlyinEndNote.Butwhenyouexportthosereferencestoatextfile,andopenthefilewithatextreadersuchasNotePad,a
llextendedcharacters(forexample,umlauts)appear
tobecorrupted.W
hathappened?
Youronlinedatasourcelikelyprovidede
achextendedcharacterastwocharactersabaseletterandacombiningc haracter
ratherthanasasingle,precomposedc haracter.Forexample,anextendedcharactercanbecomposedofanaa
ndthenthecombiningumlautcharacterratherthanasasinglecharacter.
Bothc haracterrepresentationsareperfectlyvalid,soinitiallythereisnoindicationofaproblem.Manyapplications,includingEndNoteandWordPad,canappropriatelydisplayextendedcharactersineitherform,butyouhappentobeusinganapplicationthat
cannot.
Windowsa
pplicationsdisplayaboxcharactertoindicatethatthefontorapplicationc annotrendertheappropriatecharacter.
Event houghthecharactersdonotdisplaycorrectlyinthecurrentapplication,t heyarestillvalid.Openthefilewithadifferent
application.
Seea
lsoDisplayingExtended/SpecialCharacters.
Reference Types and Fields

About the Predefined Reference Types
Thereferencetypetableshowsw hichfieldsareusedineachofthe48differentreferencetypesandw
hatthefieldsarecalled.
TheGenericreferencetypeisrepeatedseveraltimessothatyoucaneasily compareanindividualfieldtoitsGenericfieldname.
ields.
Fordescriptionsofspecialfields,seeSpecialF
Important Points About Reference Types
l Youcanassignaparticularreferencetypetoe
achreferenceenteredintoyourlibrary.
l TheReferenceTypespreference,accessiblethroughE
ndNote'sPreferences,determineswhichfieldsareavailablefor
eachofthedifferentreferencetypes.
l TheReferenceTypespreferenceallowsupto4
8differenttypesofreferences,eachcapableofsupportingupto5
4fields.
l Ofthe48referencetypes,allbuttheGenerictypecanbemodified.
l UsetheReferenceTypespreferencetoadd,delete,orrenamefields.
l ThelayoutoftheGenericreferencetypeshouldb
eusedasaguidewhenmodifyingorcreatingreferencetypes.Rows
reservedforAuthorsshouldbeusedonlyfornames.
l TheDateStampfields,"AddedtoLibrary"a
nd"RecordLastUpdated,"areautomaticfieldsthatcannotb
ealtered.They
appearinthefooterofeachreference.
l ChangesmadetotheReferenceTypes preferencea
restoredforeachuserinaRefTypeTable.xmlfilewhichislocatedin
thefolderDocumentsa
ndSettings\[YourFolder]\ApplicationData\EndNote.Theyapplytoalllibrariesopenedunderthecurrentuseraccount.
l Ifyoumoveyourlibrarytoadifferentcomputer,y ourreferenceswillfollowthelayoutoftheReferenceTypespreferencefor
thecurrentuseraccountonthatcomputer,unlessyoualsotransfera
copyofyourRefTypeTable.xmlfiletotheother
ourReferenceTypeTable.
user'sDocumentsa
ndSettings\[YourFolder]\ApplicationData\EndNotefolder.SeeSharingY
l DonotenterreferencedataintotheReferenceT
ypespreferencedialog.Thetableisdesignedtostorejustthenameso
f
thereferencefields.
SeetheListofReferenceTypes.
List of Reference Types

ThesearethereferencetypesthataresuppliedwithEndNote.Clicko
nareferencetypenametoviewthelistoffieldsincludedin
thatreferencet ype.EachlistingincludestheGenericreferencetype,sothatyoucanv iewdefaultfieldnames.Defaultfield
namesmayappearinvariousareaso
ftheprogram,suchasintheSearchwindow,orwheneditinganoutputs tyle.
AggregatedD
atabase
Generic
AncientT
ext
GovernmentD
ocument
Artwork
Grant
AudiovisualM
aterial
Hearing
Bill
JournalA
rticle
Blog
LegalR
uleor Regulation
Book
MagazineA
rticle
BookS
ection
Manuscript
Case
Map
Catalog
Music
Chartor Table
NewspaperA
rticle
ClassicalWork
OnlineD atabase
ComputerProgram
OnlineMultimedia
ConferencePaper
Pamphlet
Patent
Dataset
PersonalC
ommunication
Dictionary
Report
EditedBook
Serial
ElectronicArticle
Standard
ElectronicBook
Statute
ElectronicBookSection
Thesis
Encyclopedia
UnpublishedW
ork
Equation
WebP
age
Figure
Unused1
Filmor Broadcast
Unused2
Unused3
Reference Types
Reference Types, A-An
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Figure
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Language
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Figure
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ext
PrevN
Reference Types, Com-Con

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Generic
Author
Year
Title
SecondaryAuthor
SecondaryTitle
PlacePublished
Publisher
Volume
NumberofVolumes
Number
Pages
Section
TertiaryAuthor
TertiaryTitle
Edition
Date
TypeofWork
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Year
Title
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Publisher
Edition
Description
Version
Type
Conference Paper
Author
Year
Title
Editor
ConferenceName
ConferenceLocation
Publisher
Volume
Issue
Pages
Date
Type
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
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43
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47
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49
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53
54
ShortTitle
AlternateTitle
ISBN/ISSN
DOI
OriginalPublication
ReprintEdition
ReviewedItem
Custom1
Custom2
Custom3
Custom4
Custom5
Custom6
Custom7
Custom8
AccessionNumber
CallNumber
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Keywords
Abstract
Notes
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URL
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AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
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Language
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LastUpdated
ShortTitle
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ISBN
DOI
Contents
Computer
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Notes
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URL
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Figure
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Figure
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PrevN
ext
Reference Types, Con-D

PrevN ext
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Generic
Author
Year
Title
SecondaryA
uthor
SecondaryT
itle
PlaceP
ublished
Publisher
Volume
NumberofVolumes
Conference Proceedings
Author
Yearo
fConference
Title
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ConferenceN
ame
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ocation
Publisher
Volume
NumberofVolumes
Dataset
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Year
Title
Producer
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ublished
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StudyN
umber
Dictionary
Author
Year
Title
Editor
DictionaryT
itle
PlaceP
ublished
Publisher
Volume
NumberofVolumes
11
12
13
Number
Pages
Section
Issue
Pages
14
TertiaryA
uthor
SeriesEditor
15
16
17
TertiaryT
itle
Edition
Date
SeriesT itle
Edition
Date
18
Typeo
fWork
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
SubsidiaryA
uthor
ShortT
itle
AlternateT
itle
ISBN/ISSN
DOI
OriginalP
ublication
ReprintE
dition
ReviewedItem
Custom1
Custom2
Custom3
Custom4
Sponsor
ShortT
itle
ISBN
DOI
Source
PlaceP
ublished
YearP
ublished
ProceedingsT
itle
31
Custom5
PackagingM
ethod
32
Custom6
33
Custom7
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
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umber
CallN
umber
Label
Keywords
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Notes
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ttachments
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ext
PrevN
Reference Types, Ed-El

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Generic
Author
Year
Title
SecondaryAuthor
SecondaryTitle
PlacePublished
Publisher
Volume
NumberofVolumes
Number
Pages
Section
TertiaryAuthor
TertiaryTitle
Edition
Date
TypeofWork
SubsidiaryAuthor
ShortTitle
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ISBN/ISSN
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AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessDate
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TranslatedTitle
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DatabaseProvider
Edited Book
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Year
Title
SeriesEditor
SeriesTitle
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Publisher
Volume
NumberofVolumes
SeriesVolume
NumberofPages
Edition
Date
TypeofWork
Translator
ShortTitle
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ISBN
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AccessionNumber
CallNumber
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Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
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Figure
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AccessDate
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TranslatedTitle
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Electronic Article
Author
Year
Title
PeriodicalTitle
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Publisher
Volume
DocumentNumber
Issue
Pages
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WebsiteTitle
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DateAccessed
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ShortTitle
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ArticleNumber
AccessionNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
EditorAddress
Figure
Caption
TranslatedAuthor
TranslatedTitle
NameofDatabase
DatabaseProvider
52
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Language
AddedtoLibrary
LastUpdated
Language
AddedtoLibrary
LastUpdated
Language
AddedtoLibrary
LastUpdated
PrevN
ext
Reference Types, El-En

PrevN ext
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10
11
12
Generic
Author
Year
Title
SecondaryAuthor
SecondaryTitle
PlacePublished
Publisher
Volume
NumberofVolumes
Number
Pages
Electronic Book
Author
Year
Title
Editor
SecondaryTitle
PlacePublished
Publisher
Volume
Version
NumberofPages
13
Section
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
TertiaryAuthor
TertiaryTitle
Edition
Date
TypeofWork
SubsidiaryAuthor
ShortTitle
SeriesEditor
SeriesTitle
Edition
DateAccessed
TypeofMedium
21
AlternateTitle
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
ISBN/ISSN
DOI
OriginalPublication
ReprintEdition
ReviewedItem
Custom1
Custom2
Custom3
Custom4
Custom5
Custom6
Custom7
Custom8
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CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
ISBN
DOI
OriginalPublication
ReprintEdition
ReviewedItem
YearCited
DateCited
TitlePrefix
Reviewer
LastUpdateDate
NIHMSID
PMCID
AccessionNumber
CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
Electronic Book Section

Author
Year
Title
Editor
BookTitle
PlacePublished
Publisher
Volume
NumberofVolumes
Chapter
Pages
Encyclopedia
Author
Year
Title
Editor
EncyclopediaTitle
PlacePublished
Publisher
Volume
NumberofVolumes
Pages
SeriesEditor
SeriesTitle
Edition
Date
TypeofWork
Translator
ShortTitle
Edition
Date
Translator
ShortTitle
Abbreviation
ISBN
DOI
OriginalPublication
ReprintEdition
ReviewedItem
Section
TitlePrefix
Reviewer
PackagingMethod
NIHMSID
PMCID
AccessionNumber
CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
ISBN
DOI
OriginalPublication
ReprintEdition
ReviewedItem
Term
AccessionNumber
CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessDate
TranslatedAuthor
TranslatedTitle
NameofDatabase
DatabaseProvider
Language
AddedtoLibrary
LastUpdated
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
TranslatedAuthor
TranslatedTitle
NameofDatabase
DatabaseProvider
Language
AddedtoLibrary
LastUpdated
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessDate
TranslatedAuthor
TranslatedTitle
NameofDatabase
DatabaseProvider
Language
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LastUpdated
PrevN
ext
Reference Types, Eq-Fig

PrevNext
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31
32
Generic
Author
Year
Title
SecondaryA
uthor
SecondaryT
itle
PlaceP
ublished
Publisher
Volume
NumberofVolumes
Number
Pages
Section
TertiaryA
uthor
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itle
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Typeo
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uthor
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itle
AlternateT
itle
ISBN/ISSN
DOI
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CreatedB
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ImageS
ize
Number
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Version
Date
Typeo
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Figure
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Number
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Date
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Figure
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TranslatedTitle
NameofDatabase
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Language
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LastUpdated
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
Custom7
Custom8
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umber
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umber
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Abstract
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ResearchN
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umber
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uthor
TranslatedT
itle
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Language
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Reference Types, Film-Gov

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Generic
Author
Year
Title
SecondaryAuthor
SecondaryTitle
PlacePublished
Publisher
Volume
NumberofVolumes
Number
Pages
Section
TertiaryAuthor
TertiaryTitle
Edition
Date
TypeofWork
SubsidiaryAuthor
ShortTitle
AlternateTitle
ISBN/ISSN
DOI
Film or Broadcast
Director
YearReleased
Title
SeriesDirector
SeriesTitle
PlacePublished
Distributor
RunningTime
Producer
SeriesTitle
Edition
DateReleased
Medium
Performers
ShortTitle
AlternateTitle
DOI
Government Document
Author
Year
Title
Department
PlacePublished
Publisher
Volume
Issue
Pages
Section
SeriesTitle
Edition
ReportNumber
DOI
24
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46
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49
50
51
52
53
54
OriginalPublication
ReprintEdition
ReviewedItem
Custom1
Custom2
Custom3
Custom4
Custom5
Custom6
Custom7
Custom8
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CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessDate
TranslatedAuthor
TranslatedTitle
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DatabaseProvider
Language
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LastUpdated
ReprintEdition
Cast
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Genre
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AccessionNumber
CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
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AccessDate
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TranslatedTitle
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Language
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GovernmentBody
CongressNumber
CongressSession
AccessionNumber
Label
Keywords
Synopsis
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessDate
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TranslatedTitle
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Language
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PrevN ext
Reference Types, Grant-H

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Generic
Author
Year
Title
SecondaryAuthor
SecondaryTitle
PlacePublished
Publisher
Volume
NumberofVolumes
Number
Pages
Section
Grant
Investigators
Year
TitleofGrant
ActivityLocation
SponsoringAgency
AmountRequested
AmountReceived
Status
Pages
DurationofGrant
Hearing
Year
Title
Committee
PlacePublished
Publisher
NumberofVolumes
DocumentNumber
Pages
14
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50
51
52
53
54
TertiaryAuthor
TertiaryTitle
Edition
Date
TypeofWork
SubsidiaryAuthor
ShortTitle
AlternateTitle
ISBN/ISSN
DOI
OriginalPublication
ReprintEdition
ReviewedItem
Custom1
Custom2
Custom3
Custom4
Custom5
Custom6
Custom7
Custom8
AccessionNumber
CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessD ate
TranslatedA
uthor
TranslatedT
itle
NameofDatabase
DatabaseProvider
Language
AddedtoLibrary
LastUpdated
Requirements
Deadline
FundingType
Translator
ShortTitle
Abbreviation
DOI
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ReviewDate
ReviewedItem
ContactName
ContactAddress
ContactPhone
ContactFax
FundingNumber
CFDAN
umber
AccessionNumber
CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessD ate
TranslatedA
uthor
TranslatedT
itle
NameofDatabase
DatabaseProvider
Language
AddedtoLibrary
LastUpdated
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Session
Date
ShortTitle
ISBN
DOI
History
CongressNumber
AccessionNumber
CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessD ate
TranslatedA
uthor
TranslatedT
itle
NameofDatabase
DatabaseProvider
Language
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ext
Reference Types, J-L

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Generic
Author
Year
Title
Journal Article
Author
Year
Title
Legal Rule or Regulation

Author
Year
Title
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51
52
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54
SecondaryAuthor
SecondaryTitle
PlacePublished
Publisher
Volume
NumberofVolumes
Number
Pages
Section
TertiaryAuthor
TertiaryTitle
Edition
Date
TypeofWork
SubsidiaryAuthor
ShortTitle
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CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessDate
TranslatedAuthor
TranslatedTitle
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DatabaseProvider
Language
AddedtoLibrary
LastUpdated
Journal
Volume
Issue
Pages
StartPage
EpubD
ate
Date
TypeofArticle
ShortTitle
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ISSN
DOI
OriginalPublication
ReprintEdition
ReviewedItem
LegalNote
PMCID
NIHMSID
ArticleNumber
AccessionNumber
CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessDate
TranslatedAuthor
TranslatedTitle
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DatabaseProvider
Language
AddedtoLibrary
LastUpdated
IssuingOrganization
TitleNumber
PlacePublished
Publisher
RuleNumber
SessionNumber
StartPage
Pages
SectionNumber
SupplementNo.
Edition
DateofCodeEdition
TypeofWork
Abbreviation
DocumentNumber
DOI
History
AccessionNumber
CallNumber
Label
Keywords
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Notes
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URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessDate
TranslatedAuthor
TranslatedTitle
NameofDatabase
DatabaseProvider
Language
AddedtoLibrary
LastUpdated
PrevN ext
Reference Types, Mag-Man

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46
Generic
Author
Year
Title
SecondaryAuthor
SecondaryTitle
PlacePublished
Publisher
Volume
NumberofVolumes
Number
Pages
Section
TertiaryAuthor
TertiaryTitle
Edition
Date
TypeofWork
SubsidiaryAuthor
ShortTitle
AlternateTitle
ISBN/ISSN
DOI
OriginalPublication
ReprintEdition
ReviewedItem
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Custom4
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Custom7
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CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileA
ttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
Magazine Article
Author
Year
Title
Magazine
PlacePublished
Publisher
Volume
Frequency
IssueNumber
Pages
StartPage
Edition
Date
TypeofArticle
ShortTitle
AlternateMagazine
ISSN
DOI
OriginalPublication
ReprintEdition
ReviewedItem
AccessionNumber
CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileA
ttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
Manuscript
Author
Year
Title
CollectionTitle
PlacePublished
Library/Archive
Volume/StorageContainer
ManuscriptNumber
FolioNumber
Pages
StartPage
DescriptionofMaterial
Date
TypeofWork
ShortTitle
Abbreviation
DOI
AccessionNumber
CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileA
ttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
47
48
49
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51
52
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54
AccessD ate
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uthor
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Reference Types, Map-N

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Generic
Author
Year
Title
SecondaryA
uthor
SecondaryT
itle
PlaceP
ublished
Publisher
Volume
NumberofVolumes
Number
Pages
Section
TertiaryA
uthor
TertiaryT
itle
Edition
Date
Typeo
fWork
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uthor
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itle
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itle
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Title
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Type
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Abbreviation
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DOI
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Size
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Label
Music
Composer
Year
Title
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itle
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ublished
Publisher
Volume
NumberofVolumes
Pages
Section
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SeriesT itle
Edition
Date
Formo
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itle
ISBN
DOI
OriginalP
ublication
ReprintE
dition
FormatofMusic
Formo
fComposition
MusicP
arts
TargetAudience
AccompanyingMatter
AccessionN
umber
CallN
umber
Label
Newspaper Article
Reporter
Year
Title
Newspaper
PlaceP
ublished
Publisher
Volume
Frequency
StartP
age
Pages
Section
Edition
IssueD
ate
Typeo
fArticle
ShortT
itle
ISSN
DOI
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ublication
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dition
ReviewedItem
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Issue
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umber
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umber
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ttachments
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uthor
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itle
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fDatabase
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rovider
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pdated
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otes
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ttachments
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uthor
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itle
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fDatabase
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rovider
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otes
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ttachments
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uthor
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fDatabase
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rovider
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pdated
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otes
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ttachments
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uthor
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fDatabase
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Date
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SubsidiaryAuthor
ShortTitle
AlternateTitle
ISBN/ISSN
DOI
OriginalPublication
ReprintEdition
ReviewedItem
Custom1
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Online Database
Author
Year
Title
Periodical
PlacePublished
Publisher
Volume
Pages
DatePublished
DateAccessed
TypeofWork
ShortTitle
ReportNumber
DOI
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CreatedBy
Year
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NameofDatabase
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Language
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Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
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TertiaryTitle
Pamphlet
Author
Year
Title
Institution
PublishedSource
PlacePublished
Publisher
Number
SeriesVolume
NumberofPages
Pages
16
Edition
Edition
17
Date
Date
Patent
Inventor
Year
Title
IssuingOrganization
PublishedSource
Country
Assignee
PatentVersionNumber
USPatentClassification
ApplicationNumber
Pages
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InternationalTitle
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InternationalPatentClassification
Date
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Notes
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URL
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Translator
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ISBN
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PatentType
ShortTitle
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DOI
PriorityNumbers
IssueDate
DesignatedStates
Attorney/Agent
References
LegalStatus
AccessionNumber
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ISBN/ISSN
DOI
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AccessionNumber
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Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessDate
TranslatedAuthor
TranslatedTitle
NameofDatabase
DatabaseProvider
Language
AddedtoLibrary
LastUpdated
Publisher
CommunicationNumber
FolioNumber
Pages
Description
Date
Type
ShortTitle
Abbreviation
DOI
SendersE-Mail
RecipientsE- Mail
AccessionNumber
CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessDate
TranslatedAuthor
TranslatedTitle
NameofDatabase
DatabaseProvider
Language
AddedtoLibrary
LastUpdated
Institution
Volume
SeriesVolume
DocumentNumber
Pages
Publisher
Edition
Date
Type
Department/Division
ShortTitle
AlternateTitle
ReportNumber
DOI
Contents
Issue
AccessionNumber
CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessDate
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TranslatedTitle
NameofDatabase
DatabaseProvider
Language
AddedtoLibrary
LastUpdated
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Volume
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Pages
Section
TertiaryAuthor
TertiaryTitle
Edition
Date
TypeofWork
SubsidiaryAuthor
ShortTitle
AlternateTitle
ISBN/ISSN
DOI
OriginalPublication
ReprintEdition
ReviewedItem
Custom1
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Custom5
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Custom7
Custom8
AccessionNumber
CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessDate
TranslatedAuthor
Serial
Author
Year
Title
Editor
SecondaryTitle
PlacePublished
Publisher
Volume
NumberofVolumes
SeriesVolume
Pages
Chapter
SeriesEditor
SeriesTitle
Edition
Date
TypeofWork
VolumeEditor
ShortTitle
Abbreviation
ISBN
DOI
OriginalPublication
ReprintEdition
ReviewedItem
Section
ReportNumber
PackagingMethod
AccessionNumber
CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessDate
TranslatedAuthor
Standard
Institution
Year
Title
SectionTitle
PlacePublished
Publisher
RuleNumber
SessionNumber
StartPage
Pages
SectionNumber
PaperNumber
Date
TypeofWork
Abbreviation
DocumentNumber
DOI
AccessionNumber
CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessDate
TranslatedAuthor
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Language
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DatabaseProvider
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TranslatedTitle
NameofDatabase
DatabaseProvider
Language
AddedtoLibrary
LastUpdated
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Edition
Date
TypeofWork
SubsidiaryAuthor
ShortTitle
AlternateTitle
ISBN/ISSN
DOI
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ReviewedItem
Custom1
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Custom8
AccessionNumber
CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Statute
Year
NameofAct
Code
Country
Source
CodeNumber
StatuteNumber
PublicLawNumber
Pages
Sections
InternationalSource
Session
DateEnacted
ShortTitle
Abbreviation
DOI
History
ArticleNumber
Publisher
Volume
AccessionNumber
CallNumber
Label
Keywords
Thesis
Author
Year
Title
AcademicDepartment
PlacePublished
University
Degree
DocumentNumber
NumberofPages
Advisor
Date
ThesisType
ShortTitle
DOI
AccessionNumber
CallNumber
Label
Keywords
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NameofDatabase
DatabaseProvider
Language
AddedtoLibrary
LastUpdated
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessDate
TranslatedAuthor
TranslatedTitle
NameofDatabase
DatabaseProvider
Language
AddedtoLibrary
LastUpdated
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
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NameofDatabase
DatabaseProvider
Language
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LastUpdated
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Section
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TertiaryTitle
Edition
Date
TypeofWork
SubsidiaryAuthor
ShortTitle
AlternateTitle
ISBN/ISSN
DOI
OriginalPublication
ReprintEdition
ReviewedItem
Custom1
Custom2
Unpublished Work
Author
Year
TitleofWork
SeriesEditor
SeriesTitle
PlacePublished
Institution
Number
Pages
Department
Date
TypeofWork
ShortTitle
Abbreviation
DOI
Web Page
Author
Year
Title
SeriesEditor
SeriesTitle
PlacePublished
Publisher
AccessYear
AccessDate
Description
Edition
LastUpdateDate
TypeofMedium
ShortTitle
AlternateTitle
ISBN
DOI
Contents
YearCited
DateCited
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CallNumber
Label
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Abstract
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ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessDate
TranslatedAuthor
TranslatedTitle
NameofDatabase
DatabaseProvider
Language
AddedtoLibrary
LastUpdated
Label
Keywords
Abstract
Notes
ResearchNotes
URL
FileAttachments
AuthorAddress
Figure
Caption
AccessDate
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DatabaseProvider
Language
AddedtoLibrary
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Direct Export Formats and Import Formats

About Direct Export and Import Formats
Whatdowemeanby"directexport"and"importformats?"
Direct Export:TheinformationproviderincludesanoptiontosavedirectlytoEndNote.Whenyouselectthisoption,theinformationproviderautomaticallylooksfortheappropriatef ilterinyourEndNoteFiltersfolder.Yousimply directthereferencestothe
appropriateEndNotelibrary.Howwelltheinformationtransfersd
ependsonhowaccuratelytheinformationproviderhastagged
eachitemofbibliographicinformation.Foralistofprovidersthatofferdirecte
xport,seeDirectExportProviders.
Note:UTF-8(Unicode)isthedefaultcharacterencodingfortext,XML,andHTMLexportfromtheproduct.RTFusesASCII
encodingforASCIIcharactersand"codep
ageescapes"toencodecharactersbeyondASCII.
Importing:Whenaninformationp
roviderdoesnotprovidedirectexporttoEndNote,theprocessofimportingreferences
becomesalittlemorecomplicated.Youmustsavereferencesf romtheinformationprovidertoatextfileinataggedformat.Then,
inEndNote,youmustusetheFile>Importfeaturetoselectthetaggedtextfileforimport,choosetheappropriateimportfilter,
andthenstartt heimportingprocess.Foralistofproviderswithdownloadinginstructions,s eeOutputFormatswithC
orrespondingImportOptions.
YoualsohaveanotheroptionforcopyingreferencesintoyourEndNotelibraries.SeeIntroductiontoSearchingOnlineDatabases
forinformationaboutdirectlysearchinga
nddownloadingfromvariousonlinedatabases.
Copyright Issues and Fair Use of Downloaded Data

EndNoteg
ivesyouthecapabilitytoimportreferencesdownloadedfrom
onlinedatabasesintoitslibraries.Someproducersofonlinereferencedatabasesexpresslyprohibitsuchuseandstorageoftheirdata,whileothers
maychargeanextrafeeforalicensetousethedatainthisway.Beforeyou
downloadreferencesf romadatabase,besuretocarefullycheckthecopyrighta
ndfairusenoticesforthedatabase.Notethatdifferentdatabases
mayhavevaryingrestrictions,evenfromthesameinformationprovider
(suchasDIALOGorOvid).
Related Topics:
ImportO
ptions
APIs and Plug-ins

TheRSServices APIistechnologyfromThomsonReutersthatprovidesawaytobuildonthepowerofEndNote.ItexposesprogrammaticaccesstothecorefunctionalityoftheEndNoteapplication,allowingt hirdpartiestoaccessdatabasecontentandintegrateEndNotewithothertools.WiththeRSServicesAPIuserscancreateplug-insthatworkwithintheEndNoteinterfaceto
addcustomizedfunctionalitytoEndNoteandextendc onnectivitywithotherprograms.MostoftheRSServicesAPIfunctions
workwithEndNoteversionsX-X6.
ThebasicfunctionsoftheAPIenableusersto:
l Buildplug-insthataddnewfunctionalitytoE
ndNote
l Providebetterintegrationwiththird-partytoolsandproducts.
l CreatetoolsthatextendtheGUIofEndNote
l ScriptorbatchexistingEndNotecapabilitiesandfeatures
l Directlyaccess recordsanddatainEndNoteL
ibraries(databases)
l LeveragethepoweroftheEndNoteformattinge
ngine(Formatter)
l DirectlyImportorExportintooroutofEndNote.
TheRSServicesAPIisintendedfortechnicalaudiencesw hohaveknowledgeofobject-orientedprogramminglanguages,particularlyCandC++.Usersshouldalsobefamiliarwiththetoolsneededtoproducec ompiledapplicationcodeorDLLs.TheAPIis
availableforboththeMacintoshandWindowsoperatingsystemsandb
ehavesidenticallyoneach,unlessotherwisespecified.
Individualcustomersandthird-partypartnersareencouragedtousetheRSServicesAPItodeveloptoolsthatcloselyinteract
withEndNote.UsersarealsoencouragedtosharetheircodeandideaswithothersontheEndNoteUserForumsat:
http://community.thomsonreuters.com/ts/?category.id=endnote.
Whileindividualsarewelcometouseandsharetheirw
orkwithothers,anypartydevelopingacomponentortoolthatusesthe
RSServicesAPIforcommercialorwide-spreadusemustalsosignalicensea
greementwithThomsonReuterstolegallyemploy
theAPI,RDKandanyassociatedtools,documentation,orcode.
The RSServices Development Kit (RDK)

SupportingdocumentationandcodesamplesareprovidedaspartoftheRSServicesDevelopmentKit(RDK),theRDKisavailablebyrequestdirectlyfromtheThomsonReutersEndNoteteam.TheRDKisdesignedtoworkwithseveralcompilersand
tools,includingApple'sXCodeandMicrosoft's VisualStudio.Inallcases,A
PIsarepublishedintheC/C++programminglanguage,asareallsamplesandexamplecode.Itisassumedthatthereaderhasavalidlylicensedc opyofoneormoreoftheaforementionedcompilationproducts,asThomsonR
eutersdoesnotsupplyorwarrantsuchtoolsaspartoftheRDK.Whileitshould
bepossibletoporttheseinterfacestoadditionalcompilersorprogramminglanguages,readersshouldconsulttheirlicenseagreementortheThomsonReutersEndNoteteambeforedoingso.
ContacttheThomsonReutersEndNoteteamat:
http://www.endnote.com/ensuggest.asp
Direct Export Providers

ManyinformationprovidershaveWebsitesthatincludeadirectexportoptionthata
llowsyoutosendcopiesofreferencesdirectly
toanEndNotelibrary.T
hedirectexportprocessautomaticallyselectsanEndNoteimportfiltertomapbibliographicinformation
intotheappropriateEndNotefields.A
llyouneedtodoisselecttheEndNotelibraryintowhichthedatashouldb
eimported.
StartbyopeningtheEndNotelibraryintowhichthedatashouldbeimported.This"directexport"o
r"directdownload"method
doesawaywiththeadditionalstepsofsavingthereferencestoatextfile,andthenimportingthatfilew
iththeappropriateimport
filter.
insomecases,y oumayberequiredtoselectanappropriatefilter.Whenthedirectexportp
rocessisstarted,EndNotefirst
checksthefilefortagsthatarespecifictoacommonimporttype,suchastheEndNote,WebofScience,orRISformat.Ifno
matchisfound,EndNotesearchesthroughallfiltersforavendorIDanddatabaseIDthatmatchthefile.Ifnomatchisfound,y ou
arepromptedtoselectafilter.YoucanalsocheckourWebs iteathttp://www.endnote.comforupdatedinformationandimport
filters.
ThesystemsinthelistbelowprovidesadirectexportofreferencesintoE
ndNote.Atthetimethisfilewasupdated,theURLs
workedandtookyoutotheprovidersWebsite.
Thisisnotacompletelist,andthenumberofproviderskeepsgrowing,s ocheckwithyourinformationproviderstofindout
whethertheyparticipate!
Note:UTF-8(Unicode)isthedefaultcharacterencodingfortext,XML,andHTMLexportfromtheproduct.RTFusesASCII
encodingforASCIIcharactersand"codep
ageescapes"toencodecharactersbeyondASCII.
Information Provider
ALEPH
American Psychological Association
Bibliotech.dk
Bibliotek.dk
BioMedCentral
Type of Data/Access
VariouslibraryWebsites
PsycInfoO
nline
http://www.apa.org
Subscriptionrequired
LibraryManagementSystem
http://bibliotech.dk.au
UnionCatalog
http://bibliotek.dk
Alljournals
http://www.biomedcentral.com
BioOne
Freeaccess
Biomedical
http://www.bioone.org
Blackwell Synergy
BMJ
AlljournalspublishedbyBlackwellthatareonline
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com
BritishM
edicalJournal;
T
obaccoControlDatabase
http://www.bmj.com/
Buffalo University
Freeaccess
Libraryc atalog
http://library.buffalo.edu/
CABI-Direct
AccessforBuffaloUniversitystudentsonly
CABIDatabases
http://www.cabdirect.org
Canadian Journal of Communication

CCLR
http://www.cjc-online.ca
ReferenceSightDatabaseprovidedbytheUniversity
o fWaterlooCentreforContactLensResearch)
(formerlyBausch
http://www.referencesight.com
Delphion
Frees ubscription
Patentd
ata
http://www.delphion.com
EBSCO
AllE
BSCOdatabases
http://www.ebsco.com/
Ei Engineering Village
ElsevierEngineeringInformationdatabase
http://www.ei.org
Elsevier
ScienceD
irect
http://www.elsevier.com
EMBASE
EMBASEd
atabase
http://www.embase.com
ERIC
ERICd
atabase
http://www.eric.ed.gov
ESDS Government
Freeaccess
EconomicandSocialDataServicefortheUK,GovernmentSocialDataS
urveyInformation
http://www.esds.ac.uk/government/search/
Google Scholar
Freeaccess
Broadliteraturesearch
http://scholar.google.com/
HAPI Online
Freeaccess
HispanicA
mericanPeriodicalIndex(UCLA)
http://hapi.ucla.edu/
IEEE
JAMA and Archives
InstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,
Inc.;Alldatabases
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
Journalo
ftheAmericanMedicalAssociation
http://pubs.ama-assn.org/
JISC
Freeaccess
JointI nformationSystemsCommitteeCollections
http://www.jisc-collections.ac.uk
JSTOR
TheS
cholarlyJournalArchive
http://www.jstor.org/
Karger Publishing
Medicalandscientificjournals
http://www.karger.com/
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Freeaccess
Libraryw
ithoutwalls
http://www.lanl.gov/
MicroPatent
Freeaccess
Allarticles
http://www.micropat.com
Nature
Scientificd
ata
http://www.nature.com
Nerac
Allarticles
http://www.nerac.com
NISC
Allarticles
http://www.nisc.com
OCLC
Alldatabases
http://www.oclc.com
OhioLINK
Multipled
atabases
http://www.ohiolink.edu
OVID
Alldatabases
http://www.ovid.com
Oxford Journals
Journalarticles
http://www.oxfordjournals.org/
Pacific Northwest Labs
Freeaccess
Internald
atabases
http://www.pnl.gov
Patent Cafe
Internaluseonly
Patentd
ata
http://www.patentcafe.com
PILOTS
MedicalP
TSresearch
http://www.ncptsd.va.gov/publications/pilots/
PNAS Online
ProQuest
Internaluseonly
Onlines ciencejournalsearchtoolatBostonUniversity
http://cybele.bu.edu/biomass/
Alldatabases
http://www.proquest.com
Science Magazine
Journals
http://www.sciencemag.org
Scopus
Scopus
http://www.scopus.com
St. John of God Library & Information Services

Stanford Universitys HighWire
Press
WebFeat
WilsonWeb
Medicallibrary
http://www.library.sjog.ie
Internaluseonly
HighWirePress
http://highwire.stanford.edu/
Freeaccess
FederatedS
earchEngine
http://www.webfeat.org
Generals cienceandsocialsciencejournals
http://vnweb.hwwilsonweb.com/
Requiredlogin
Related Topics:
AboutD
irectExportandImportFormats
OutputF
ormatswithCorrespondingImportOptions
RemoteD
atabaseSearching
Output Formats with Corresponding Import Options

Toimportreferences,youmustfirstsavereferencesfromaninformationp
roviderasaplaintext(.txt)fileinataggedformat.Ifreferencesaresenttoyouinthebodyofanemail,savetheemailtoaplaintextfileforimporting.
1. InEndNote,selecttheF
ile>Import>Fileoptiontoselectthetaggedtextfilethatyousavedfromtheinformationprovider.
2. SelecttheappropriateimportfilterfromtheImportFiltermenu.TheOtherFiltersoptionopensadialogthatdisplaysall
filtersintheEndNoteproduct.
AllfiltersdirecttaggedbitsofbibliographicinformationtocorrespondingEndNotefields.
3. StarttheimportprocessbyclickingtheImportbutton.
ThelistbelowprovidesadirectexportofreferencestoEndNote.Itisonlyasmalllistofinformationproviders.Notethefollowing
beforeyoubegin.
l TherearehundredsofimportfiltersavailableintheEndNoteX6Filtersfolder.
l SelectEdit>ImportFilters>OpenFilterManagertolookintotheEndNoteImportFilterstableforinformationonhowto
open,view,andeditfilters.ManyofthefiltersincludeaCommentsandLimitations sectionwithtipsonhowtodownload
referencesforimportingintoEndNote.
l GotoourWebsiteathttp://www.endnote.com/support/enfilters.aspforupdatedinformationandimportfilters,including
detailedinformationonhowtosaveanddownloaddatadirectlytoEndNote.
SeeImportingReferenceDataintoEndNoteformoredetailedinformationaboutimporting.
SeeGeneralImportingInstructionsformorestep-by-stepinstructions.
Information
Recommended Download Format
Provider
AARP Age- http://research.aarp.org/ageline/home.html
Line
Thereisnomethodfordownloadingdatafromthisdatabase.
Instead,s avetheresultsscreenasaplaintextfilewithyourweb
browsersSavecommand.Theresultingtextfilecontainstags
whichareprecededby18spaces.
ACM Digital Usersw
ithsubscriptionaccesstothiswebsitecansavemultiple
Library
recordstoaBINDER.Oncesaved,youcanexporttherecordsin
(Association anEndNoteformat.
for Computing
Machinery)
Import
Filter
Ageline
(AARP)
filter
EndNote
Import
Non-subscribersc andownloadonerecordatatime:
1.C
reateasearch.
2.C
lick onanarticle.
3.S
crollhalf-waydownthepageandselectDISPLAYEndNote.
Limitations:
Sinceo
nlyplaintextfilescanbeimportedintoEndNote,youcannotimportimagesandgraphics.
CAS SciFinder
CSA (formerly Cambridge
Scientific
Abstracts)
Beforeimporting,youmayneedtoeditthefiletoinsertacomma
aftercorporateauthornames.Otherwise,EndNotewillnotbeable
todistinguishcorporateauthorsfrompersonalauthors.
Savereferencesinthe"TaggedFormat"(*.txt).
SciFinder(
CAS)filter
FromtheCSAsearchresultsscreen,clickS
ave/Print/Email.On Various
theSave/Print/Emailscreen,s elect:
filtersfor
CSAdataRecordF
ormat:FullFormat
basesare
SaveFileFormat:PCMac
ClickS
ave.YourWebbrowseraskswheretosavethefile.Ifyour providedin
Webbrowserletsyousaveindifferentfileformats,makes ureyou theEndNoteFilters
saveasa"TextOnly"(*.txt)file.
folder.
DIMDI
1. ChooseAllFields.
2. ChooseForSaving.
3. ClicktheDisplaybutton.
4. Savethedataasplaintextusingyourbrowser'sSaveAs
command.
Various
filtersavailableatour
EndNote
Website.
Onemayneedtoeditthedatatoprepareitforimporting,e.g.make
sureallthetagsareflushleftandintact,&c.
EBSCO
URLsmayneedtobemendedmanuallyafterimporting.
Morethan100filtersavailableundertheEBSCOnameforvarious Various
databases.
1. WhenviewingthecontentsofyourEBSCOfolder,selectthe
EndNote
itemsyouwishtoe-mail,thenclickthe'Export'link.D onot
Website.
choosethe'Save'optionasthiswillresultindatainaformat
thatisnotquitesuitableforimport.
2. IntheExportManager,choose"Genericbibliographicmanagementsoftware"thenclicktheSavebutton.
3. Thedatawillappearinanewwindowinaformatconsisting
oftwo-lettertags.EitherchooseFile>SaveAs,orcopyand
pastethedataintoatexteditorandsaveitthere--ineither
case,youmustsavethefileas"plaintext."D onotsaveas
awebpageorHTML.
Emerald
4. Importthefileusingtheappropriatefilter.
Displayt hemarkedlist,click"displayfordownload(ASCII),"and Emerald
thensaveasaplaintextfile.
filter
Thef ilterprovidedworksfortheseEmeralddatabases:
l EmeraldManagementReviewshttp://www.emeraldinsight.com/products/reviews/index.htm
l EmeraldComputerAbstractshttp://www.emeraldinsight.com/caid
l EmeraldInternationalCivilEngineeringAbstracts
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/products/abstracts/icea/
l EmeraldComputer&CommunicationsSecurityAbstracts
http://www.emeraldinsight.com/products/abstracts/ccsa/
l EmeraldCurrentAwarenessAbstractshttp://www.emeraldinsight.com/products/abstracts/caa/
Limitations:
Pagenumbersareseparatedbyahyphenwithspacesoneither
sideofit.EndNotecannotremovethespaces.Youwillneedto
manuallyremovethespacesafterimporting.
InfoTrac
(Gale)
INNOPAC
Knowledge
Finder
NERAC
PsycINFO
PubMed
FromtheE-MailDeliverypanelatthebottomofthemarkedlistw in- InfoTrac

dow,restrictthecontentstoCitation.Don
otselectFullArticle.
(GALE)
filter
Limitations:
Recordsoftenhaveextraneousinformationinthetitlefield,which
mustberemovedmanuallyafterimporting.
SavereferencesintheEndNoteformat.
EndNote
Import
1. Selectthedocumentstobesaved,thenclickView-Export- Various
EmailSelected.
2. ExportselectedreferencesinPCEndNoteformattoinitiate
EndNote
directexport.
Website.
Youmayhavetosavethefiletoyourdesktop,thendouble-clickit
toinitiatethedirectexportfeature.Youmayalsoe-mailrecordsin
theMEDLARSorMEDLARSw/ABSTRACTSformatusingthis
filtertoimportthedata.
Savey ourfileasplaintext(*.txt).
NERAC
http://www.apa.org
Usethe
PsycINFO
Afterm
arkingtherecordsyouwishtodownload,selectFullPsy- (APA)
cINFORecord,andthenclick theDisplayM
arkedRecordsbutton. filter.
Selectthetext,thencopyandpasteitintoatexteditor,savingthe
fileitasplaintext(*.
FordetailedinstructionsonhowtosearchthePubMeddatabase, PubMed
seeImportingR
eferencesfromPubMedinEndNoteHelp.
(NLM)filter
Youc analsogetdetailedinstructionsfromourEndNoteSupport
siteat
http://www.endnote.com/support/faqs/Import/faq1.asp
Youcancheckc urrentdownloadinstructionsforNLMPubMedat
anytimeathttp://www.pubmed.gov .
UnCover
Usingy ouremailsoftware,savereferencesemailedtoyouasa
(INGENTA) PlainTextorTextOnlyf ile.
VHL (Virtual
1. Afterselectingthedesiredreferences,scrolltothebottom
Health
ofthepageandclick"Yourcollection"(or"Sus elleccon).
Library)
2. Canceltheprintdialog,andthensavethescreenasaplain
textfile.
All Databases
Web of
Science
Uncover
(INGENTA)
Various
EndNote
Website.
1. GototheAllDatabasesorWebofSciencesearchpageand ISI-CE
performasearch.
filter
2. FromtheResultspage,selecttherecordsthatyouwantto
exporttoEndNote.
3. GotoOutputRecordssectionatthebottomofthepageand
selecttheF
ullRecordradiobuttoninstep2.
4. SavetherecordstoPlainText.
5. OntheProcessingpage, clicktheExportb
utton.
Related Topics:
AboutD
irectExportandImportFormats
DirectE
xportProviders
ImportO
ptions
ImportingR eferencesfromOtherBibliographicSoftwarePrograms
Keyboard Commands
Editing Keyboard Commands
ithoutusingthemouse.Forexample,tocreateand
enteranewreferencew
ithouttouchingthemouse:typeC trl+Ntoaddanewreference,typethebibliographicinformationusing
Tabo
rShift+Tabtomoveforwardorbackwardbetweenthefields,andthenpress
Action
createanewreference
selectmorethanonereference
selectarangeofreferences
openselectedreferences
switchbetweenactivelibrarywindows
closetheactivelibrarywindow
closealllibrarywindowsofthesametypeastheactivelibraryw indow
selectthenextfield
selectthepreviousfield
whenthecursorisinanAuthor,Journal,orK
eywordsfield,d
isplaytheappropriateTermlistforterm
selection
Key Command
Ctrl+N
Ctrl+Click
Shift+Click
Ctrl+E
Ctrl+Tab
Ctrl+W
Ctrl+Shift+W
Tab
Shift+Tab
Ctrl+1
When entering text:
undothepreviouscommand
cutselectedtextandputitontheclipboard
copyselectedtextandputitontheclipboard
pastetextfromtheclipboardattheinsertionp
oint
selectalltextinafield
checkspelling
setthetextstyletoPlainFont
selectthePlainfont
turnboldonoroff
turnitaliconoroff
turnunderlineonoroff
Ctrl+Z
Ctrl+X
Ctrl+C
Ctrl+V
Ctrl+A
Ctrl+Y
Ctrl+T
Ctrl+L
Ctrl+B
Ctrl+I
Ctrl+U
UsetheArrowkeystonavigatew ithinafield.
Related Topics:
MenuKeyboardCommands
ShortcutMenus
Toolbars
Keyboard Commands
ithoutusingthemouse.Forexample,tocreateand
enteranewreferencew
ithouttouchingthemouse:typeCtrl+Ntoaddanewreference,typethebibliographicinformationusing
Tabo
rShift+Tabtomoveforwardorbackwardbetweenthefields,andthenp
ressCtrl+Wtosaveandclosethereference.
Command
Ctrl+N
Ctrl+Click
Shift+Click
Ctrl+E
Ctrl+W
Tab
Shift+Tab
When text is selected
Ctrl+T
Ctrl+L
Ctrl+B
Ctrl+I
Ctrl+U
Function
Createsanewreference
Toselectmorethanonereference
Selectsarangeofreferences
Opensselectedreferences
Closestheactivewindow
Selectsthenextfield
Selectsthepreviousfield
Setsthetextstyletoplain
Selectstheplainfont
Turnsboldonandoff
Turnsitalicsonandoff
Turnsunderlinesonandoff
Note:UsetheArrowkeystonavigatewithinafield.
l CWYWKeyboardCommands
l EditingKeyCommands
l MenuKeyboardCommands
Menu Keyboard Commands

TheEndNotemenusdisplayequivalentkeycommandsnexttomanymenuc ommands,soyoucanexecutecommandswithout
takingyourhandsoffthek eyboardtouseamouse.Youcanusethefollowingtablesasaquickreference.
Allcommandsarenotalwaysavailabletoyou.Forexample,ifnoreferencesa
rehighlightedintheLibrarywindow,theEditReferencesandMoveReferencestoTrashcommandsarenotavailablefromtheReferencesmenu.
Thesetableslistonlythosecommandswithakeyboardequivalent.Notallmenucommandshaveacorrespondingkeystroke.
Note:UsetheF6keytonavigatefromtheGroupspanel,totheReferenceListpanel,totheReferencepanel.
File Menu Command
OpenLibrary
CloseLibary
Save
Exit
Key Command
Ctrl+O
Ctrl+W
Ctrl+S
Ctrl+Q
Edit Menu Command
Undo
Cut
Copy
Paste
Key Command
Ctrl+Z
Ctrl+X
Ctrl+C
Ctrl+V
SelectAll
CopyFormatted
FindandReplace
Font>PlainFont
Style>Plain
Style>Bold
Style>Italic
Style>Underline
Ctrl+A
Ctrl+K
Ctrl+R
Ctrl+L
Ctrl+T
Ctrl+B
Ctrl+I
Ctrl+U
References Menu Command
Key Command
NewReference
Ctrl+N
EditReferences
Ctrl+E
MoveReferencestoTrash
Ctrl+D
GoTo
Ctrl+J
FileAttachments>Attach
File
Ctrl+Alt+A
FileAttachments>OpenFile
Ctr+Alt+P
FileAttachments>Save
As...
Ctrl+Shift+S
URL>OpenURL
Ctrl+G
NextReference
Ctrl+Page
Down
PreviousReference
Ctrl+PageUp
ShowAllReferences
Ctrl+M
Tools Menu Command
Key Command
SearchLibrary
Ctrl+F
SpellCheck
Ctrl+Y
CWYW>ReturntoWord
Alt+1
CWYW>InsertSelectedCitations
Alt+2
CWYW>FormatBibliography
Alt+3
CWYW>ImportTravelingLibrary
Alt+8
CWYW>CWYWPreferences
Alt+9
OpenTermList>
AuthorTermList
JournalsTermsList
KeywordsTermList
(Openstheappropriatelistforthefieldwherethecursor
Ctrl+1
resides)
DefineTermLists
Ctrl+4
LinkTermsLists
Ctrl+3
Windows Menu Command
CloseAllLibraries
Key Command
Ctrl+Shift+W
Help Menu Command
HelpContents
Key Command
F1
Related Topics:
CWYWKeyboardC
ommands
EditingK
eyboardCommands
KeyboardCommands
ShortcutM
enus
CWYW Keyboard Commands for Word

ThesekeyboardcommandsareavailablewhenyouuseCiteWhileYouWritew
ithMicrosoftWord.Thetablebelowshowstheini hortcutsinWord.
tialsettings,butyouc anchangethekeycommandassignments.SeeKeyboardS
Note that:
l Alt+1isusedforbothReturntoWordandGotoEndNote.Theprogramdeterminesw
hichapplicationiscurrentlyactive
andswitchestotheotherapplication.
l SomeofthesecommandsareavailablebothfromW
ordandfromEndNote.
l Whileyoucanchangekeyassignments,keepinm
indthatmostotherkeycombinationsarecurrentlyalreadyinuseinboth
EndNoteandWord.
Cite While You Write Command
Key Command
FindCitation(s)
Alt+7
InsertNote
Alt+0
InsertSelectedCitation(s)
Alt+2
FindFigure(s)
None
Assigned
GotoEndNote
Alt+1
ReturntoWord
Alt+1
ReturntoDocumentfromBibliography
Alt+LeftArrow
EditCitation(s)
Alt+6
EditLibraryReferences
Alt+5
FormatBibliography
Alt+3
UnformatCitations
Alt+4
RemoveFieldCodes
None
Assigned
ExportTravelingLibrary
Alt+8
Alt+9
Help
None
Assigned
Related Topics:
EditingK
eyboardCommands
MenuKeyboardC
ommands
ShortcutM
enus

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EndNote X6

Advance your Research and Publish Instantly

Thomson Reuters EndNote X6 Help User Guide

Overview of Thomson Reuters EndNote

What's New in EndNote X6?

EndNote X6 Display Fonts

View Our Whats New Video

View Features Added in Earlier Versions of EndNote

Top 10 Things to Remember about EndNote

Contacting Thomson Reuters

International Customer and Technical Support

EndNote Web Site

EndNote Discussion Forums

Technical Support & Services

Other Resource Contacts

Features Added to EndNote X3

Features Added to EndNote X4

What's New in EndNote X5?

The EndNote Library

Important Points About Libraries

The Library Window

The Library Toolbar

Selecting the Sync Feature

Selecting a Layout Mode

Selecting the Search Panel

Selecting a Display Mode

Resizing the Library Window

Changing the Library Display Font

Changing the Display Fields

Changing the Reference List Sort Order

The Library Window Display Modes

Integrated Library & Online Search Mode

Local Library Mode

Online Search Mode

The Groups Panel

Custom Groups, Smart Groups, and Combination Groups

The PDF Viewer Panel

Attaching PDF Files

Navigating the PDF Viewer Panel

Using PDF Viewer Toolbar

Using the Find Feature

Adding Sticky Notes and Highlighting PDF Text

The Reference List Panel

Reference List Sort Order

Navigating in the Reference List

The Search Panel

Boolean Operator List

Save Search and Load Search

The Tabs Panel

The Reference Tab

The Preview Tab

Using the Preview Feature to Display Notes or Abstracts

The PDF Viewer Panel

Saving a Copy of a Library

Saving a Compressed Copy of a Library

Setting a Favorite Library

Opening, Closing, Moving, Deleting Libraries

Multiple People Opening One Library

Recovering a Damaged Library

Importing EndNote Libraries

Using Drag and Drop

Converting Reference Manager Libraries to EndNote

Converting Reference Manager File Attachments to EndNote